PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR PERIODE LXXIV, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2018/2019

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

WISATA EDUKASI PROFESI

UNTUK ANAK DI SEMARANG

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun Oleh :

Emylia Elvira Firda Pramudhita 14.A1.0142

Dosen Pembimbing :

Dr. Ir. Antonius Ardiyanto, MT

NIDN : 0629056301

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR,

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG

September 2018

i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

ii

iii

iv

PRAKATA

Puji syukur kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan berkat, rahmat dan

karuniaNya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Perancangan

Arsitektur berjudul Wisata Edukasi Profesi Untuk Anak di Semarang. Laporan ini

disusun sebagai persyaratan menempuh projek akhir arsitektur dan memenuhi

sebagai persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur pada Program Studi

Arsitektur Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

Dalam penyusunan Proposal Projek Akhir Arsitektur periode 74 mendapat

banyak bimbingan dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak terkait, dengan kerendahan

hati penulis mengucapkan termakasih kepada :

1. Dr. Ir. Ant. Ardiyanto, MT selaku dosen pembimbing yang banyak memberi

saran, kritik, dan masukan dari awal hingga akhir proposal ini selesai dibuat.

2. Ir. Hening Pr. Utaryo, MT. yang telah membantu memberikan saran dan

masukkan.

3. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno., MT selaku dosen koordinator Proyek Akhir

Arsitektur 74.

4. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA, PhD, selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain.

5. MD. Nestri Kiswari, ST, M.Sc, selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur.

6. Dosen-dosen pembimbing Projek Akhir Arsitektur 74 yang turut memberikan

masukan dalam proses penyusunan.

7. Orangtua, keluarga, teman-teman dan sahabat penulis yang selalu

mendukung dan mendoakan penulis untuk keberhasilan dalam

menyelesaikan Projek Akhir Arsitektur ini.

Laporan ini tak luput dari kekurangan, maka penulis sangat menghargai dan

menerima kritik/saran dari berbagai pihak demi perbaikan penulisan laporan. Dan

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semoga dengan disusunnya Landasan Perancangan Arsitektur ini dapat

memberikan gambaran mengenai Projek Akhir Arsitektur yang berjudul “Wisata

Edukasi Profesi untuk Anak di Semarang”/ Akhir kata penulis ucapkan terimakasih.

Semarang 13 September 2018

Penulis

Emylia Elvira Firda Pramudhita

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DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN .............................................................. ii

PRAKATA .......................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. x

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xv

DAFTAR BAGAN ............................................................................................ xvii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1

1.2. Masalah Desain ....................................................................................... 2

1.3. Tujuan dan Manfaat ................................................................................. 2

1.3.1. Tujuan ...................................................................................................... 2

1.3.2. Manfaat .................................................................................................... 2

1.4. Kerangka Pikir .......................................................................................... 4

1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ......................................................................... 5

BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM ................................................................................ 7

2.1. Fungsi Bangunan ..................................................................................... 7

2.1.2. Definisi Fungsi.......................................................................................... 7

2.1.3. Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis .................................................................. 7

2.1.4. Tinjauan Khusus .................................................................................... 19

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2.1.4.1.Kegiatan ................................................................................................ 20

2.1.4.2.Pelaku .................................................................................................... 20

2.2. Lokasi dan Tapak ................................................................................... 22

2.2.1. Lokasi .................................................................................................... 22

2.2.2. Tapak ..................................................................................................... 24

2.3. Lingkungan Tapak .................................................................................. 26

2.4. Lingkungan Sosial Budaya ..................................................................... 29

BAB III PEMROGRAMAN ARSITEKTUR ......................................................... 30

3.1. Spacial Needs and Requirement Analysis .............................................. 30

3.1.1. Analisa Fungsional ................................................................................. 30

3.1.1.1.Analisis Pengguna……………………………………………………………………………………30

3.1.1.2.Analisis Kebutuhan Ruang ..................................................................... 36

3.1.1.3.Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku ................................................................... 47

3.1.2. Studi Ruang Khusus .............................................................................. 52

3.1.3. Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................................. 64

3.1.4. Analisa Relasi Keruangan dan Tapak .................................................... 74

BAB IV PENYELUSURAN DAN PERNYATAAN MASALAH DESAIN ............. 76

4.1. Kajian Komprehensif .............................................................................. 76

4.2. Pernyataan Isu/Permasalahan/Fokus Desain ......................................... 77

4.2.1. Permasalahan Desain ............................................................................ 77

4.2.2. Pernyataan Isu ....................................................................................... 77

4.2.3. Fokus Desain ......................................................................................... 78

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BAB V KAJIAN TEORITIK ................................................................................ 79

5.1. Teori Pemecahan Masalah Desain......................................................... 79

5.1.1. Klasifikasi Perkembangan Masa Anak-Anak .......................................... 79

5.1.2. Teori Atraktif dan Imajinatif ..................................................................... 84

5.1.3. Teori Tata Ruang dan Bentuk Ideal untuk Anak ..................................... 85

5.1.4. Teori Kebutuhan Warna untuk Anak ....................................................... 86

5.1.5. Teori Pelingkup Ruang untuk Anak ........................................................ 87

BAB VI PENDEKATAN DESAIN ...................................................................... 90

6.1. Pendekatan Desain ................................................................................ 90

6.2. Kajian Teori Pendekatan Perilaku .......................................................... 90

6.3. Kajian Teori Pendekatan Tema Desain .................................................. 90

6.4. Kajian Teori Arsitektur Neo Modern ........................................................ 91

6.5. Kajian Konsep Perencanaan Kemungkinan Penerapan Tema Desain .......

............................................................................................................... 96

BAB VII KONSEP PERENCANAAN ................................................................. 97

7.1. Konsep Bentuk ....................................................................................... 97

7.2. Konsep Ruang dan Tata Ruang ........................................................... 100

7.3. Konsep Keruangan .............................................................................. 102

7.4. Konsep Struktur ................................................................................... 104

7.5. Konsep Pelingkup ................................................................................ 109

7.6. Konsep Utilitas ..................................................................................... 114

7.7. Konsep Teknologi ................................................................................ 123

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BAB VIII STRATEGI DESAIN ......................................................................... 125

8.1. Tahapan Proses Perancangan ............................................................. 125

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1 Kidzania Jakarta.............................................................................. 7

Gambar 2. 2 Area Masuk Kidzania ...................................................................... 8

Gambar 2. 3 Area Bermain Mekanik .................................................................... 9

Gambar 2. 4 Area Bemain Pilot ........................................................................... 9

Gambar 2. 5 Area Bermain Pemadam Kebakaran ............................................... 9

Gambar 2. 6 Area Bermain Perawat Bayi ............................................................ 9

Gambar 2. 7 Area Bermain Pabrik Coklat .......................................................... 10

Gambar 2. 8 Area Bemain Pabrik Nugget .......................................................... 10

Gambar 2. 9 Area Bermain Ilmuwan .................................................................. 10

Gambar 2. 10 Area Bermain Pabrik Handuk ...................................................... 11

Gambar 2. 11 Area Bermain Pabrik Mie ............................................................ 11

Gambar 2. 12 Area Bermain Pabrik Buku .......................................................... 11

Gambar 2. 13 Area Bermain Bank ..................................................................... 11

Gambar 2. 14 Area Bermain Konstruksi ............................................................. 12

Gambar 2. 15 Area Bermain Pizza .................................................................... 12

Gambar 2. 16 Area Bermain Dokter Gigi ........................................................... 12

Gambar 2. 17 Area Bermain Pabrik Wafer ......................................................... 13

Gambar 2. 18 Foodcourt .................................................................................... 13

Gambar 2. 19 Toko Souvenir ............................................................................. 13

Gambar 2. 20 Minimarket .................................................................................. 13

Gambar 2. 21 Sitting Group ............................................................................... 14

Gambar 2. 22 Scientia Square Park................................................................... 15

Gambar 2. 23 Scientia Eye Bird View ................................................................ 15

Gambar 2. 24 Entrance Scientia ........................................................................ 16

Gambar 2. 25 Playground .................................................................................. 16

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Gambar 2. 26 Inline Skate ................................................................................. 17

Gambar 2. 27 Ampitheater ................................................................................. 17

Gambar 2. 28 Wall Climbing .............................................................................. 17

Gambar 2. 29 Rabbit Farm ................................................................................ 18

Gambar 2. 30 Paddy Field ................................................................................. 18

Gambar 2. 31 ATV ............................................................................................. 18

Gambar 2. 32 Pelatihan Anjing .......................................................................... 18

Gambar 2. 33 Horse Riding ............................................................................... 19

Gambar 2. 34 Skate Park .................................................................................. 19

Gambar 2. 35 Peta Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Semarang ................... 23

Gambar 2. 36 Lokasi Tapak ............................................................................... 25

Gambar 2. 37 3D View Tapak ............................................................................ 25

Gambar 2. 38 3D Tapak dan Lingkungan Sekitar .............................................. 26

Gambar 2. 39 Batas Tapak Utara ...................................................................... 26

Gambar 2. 40 Batas Tapak Timur ...................................................................... 26

Gambar 2. 41 Batas Tapak Barat ..................................................................... 26

Gambar 2. 42 Batas Tapak Selatan ................................................................... 27

Gambar 2. 43 Tapak .......................................................................................... 27

Gambar 2. 44 Jalan Sriwijaya ............................................................................ 27

Gambar 3. 1 Daftar Objek Wisata di Semarang ................................................. 48

Gambar 3. 2 Standart kenyamanan sudut pandang ........................................... 53

Gambar 3. 3 Ruang Galeri Display .................................................................... 54

Gambar 6. 1 Mercedesbenz museum ................................................................ 94

Gambar 6. 2 American Folk Art Museum, 1961 ............................................... 95

Gambar 6. 3 Pompidou Centre, Paris, 1977 (Piano and Rogers) ....................... 95

Gambar 7. 1 Konsep kemungkinan bentuk&komposisi ...................................... 98

Gambar 7. 2 Konsep Kemungkinan Proporsi ..................................................... 98

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Gambar 7. 3 Konsep elemen pelingkup ............................................................. 99

Gambar 7. 4 Konsep aksen ............................................................................... 99

Gambar 7. 5 Pola Organisasi Radial ................................................................ 101

Gambar 7. 6 Pola Organisasi Radial ................................................................ 102

Gambar 7. 7 Ruang Galeri Display .................................................................. 103

Gambar 7. 8 Ruang Praktik Profesi (Penyiar Radio) ........................................ 104

Gambar 7. 9 Pondasi Sumuran ........................................................................ 105

Gambar 7. 10 Sistem Rangka .......................................................................... 106

Gambar 7. 11 Dinding Bata Ringan ................................................................. 106

Gambar 7. 12 Precast ...................................................................................... 107

Gambar 7. 13 Dinding massive ........................................................................ 107

Gambar 7. 14 Dinding Partisi ........................................................................... 107

Gambar 7. 15 Plat Lantai Konvensional ........................................................... 108

Gambar 7. 16 Rangka Atap Baja ..................................................................... 108

Gambar 7. 17 Space Truss A, Yani ................................................................. 109

Gambar 7. 18 Rubber Flooring ........................................................................ 109

Gambar 7. 19 Plester Expose .......................................................................... 110

Gambar 7. 20 Granit Tile ................................................................................. 110

Gambar 7. 21 Parquet ..................................................................................... 110

Gambar 7. 22 Keramik tekstur ......................................................................... 110

Gambar 7. 23 Cat dinding warna ..................................................................... 111

Gambar 7. 24 Kaca Tempered ......................................................................... 111

Gambar 7. 25 ACP .......................................................................................... 111

Gambar 7. 26 Metal Cutting ............................................................................. 111

Gambar 7. 27 Gypsumboard............................................................................ 112

Gambar 7. 28 PVC .......................................................................................... 112

Gambar 7. 29 Bitumen Selulose ...................................................................... 112

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Gambar 7. 30 Kaca tempered .......................................................................... 113

Gambar 7. 31 Dak Beton ................................................................................. 113

Gambar 7. 32 UPVC ........................................................................................ 113

Gambar 7. 33 Down Feed System ................................................................... 114

Gambar 7. 34 Two Pipe System ...................................................................... 115

Gambar 7. 35 Penangkal Petir ESE ................................................................. 116

Gambar 7. 36 Smoke Detectore ...................................................................... 116

Gambar 7. 37 Flame Detectore ........................................................................ 117

Gambar 7. 38 Hydrant ..................................................................................... 117

Gambar 7. 39 Sprinkler .................................................................................... 117

Gambar 7. 40 Fire Extenghuiser ...................................................................... 118

Gambar 7. 41 Shaft sampah ............................................................................ 118

Gambar 7. 42 Sistem komunikasi .................................................................... 119

Gambar 7. 43 Lift ............................................................................................. 119

Gambar 7. 44 Tangga ...................................................................................... 119

Gambar 7. 45 Security ..................................................................................... 120

Gambar 7. 46 CCTV ........................................................................................ 120

Gambar 7. 47 Skylight ..................................................................................... 120

Gambar 7. 48 Pencahayaan dinding ................................................................ 120

Gambar 7. 49 Lampu TL .................................................................................. 121

Gambar 7. 50 Lampu LED ............................................................................... 121

Gambar 7. 51 Lampu Halogen ......................................................................... 121

Gambar 7. 52 Void ........................................................................................... 121

Gambar 7. 53 Air Conditioner Indirect .............................................................. 122

Gambar 7. 54 Direct Cooling ........................................................................... 122

Gambar 7. 55 Exhaust Fan .............................................................................. 122

Gambar 7. 56 Touchscreen public interactive information ................................ 123

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Gambar 7. 57 LED Video Wall ......................................................................... 123

Gambar 7. 58 Secondary skin façade .............................................................. 124

Gambar 7. 59 LED Lights Decoration .............................................................. 124

Gambar 7. 60 Metal Detector & Automatic Door .............................................. 124

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2. 1 Fasilitas Kidzania Jakarta .................................................................. 14

Tabel 2. 2 Fasilitas Scientia Square Park .......................................................... 19

Tabel 2. 3 Data sarana Pendidikan di Kota Semarang ....................................... 23

Tabel 2. 4 Luas Wilayah per BWK di Kota Semarang ........................................ 24

Tabel 2. 5 Data Tapak ....................................................................................... 29

Tabel 3. 1 Pengelompokkan Aktivitas ................................................................ 32

Tabel 3. 2 Studi Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................... 41

Tabel 3. 3 Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................................. 42

Tabel 3. 4 Persyaratan Ruang ........................................................................... 46

Tabel 3. 5 Data Wisatawan ke Kota Semarang .................................................. 47

Tabel 3. 6 Waktu Operasional Bangunan .......................................................... 50

Tabel 3. 7 Program Kegiatan (Aktivitas) ............................................................. 50

Tabel 3. 8 Pendekatan Jumlah Pengelola .......................................................... 51

Tabel 3. 9 Macam Pola Sirkulasi pada Ruang Galeri ......................................... 52

Tabel 3. 10 Tinggi manusia berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan usia ....................... 53

Tabel 3. 11 Studi Ruang Khusus Galeri Display................................................ 54

Tabel 3. 12 Studi Ruang Khusus Bidang Jasa .................................................. 56

Tabel 3. 13 Studi Ruang Khusus Bidang Media ................................................ 59

Tabel 3. 14 Studi Ruang Khusus Bidang Industri ............................................... 61

Tabel 3. 15 Studi Ruang Khusus Bidang Retail ................................................. 62

Tabel 3. 16 Studi Ruang Khusus Bidang Transportasi ....................................... 63

Tabel 3. 17 Besaran Ruang Fasilitas Utama ...................................................... 66

Tabel 3. 18 Besaran Ruang Fasilitas Penunjang .............................................. 68

Tabel 3. 19 Besaran ruang fasilitas Pengelola ................................................... 71

Tabel 3. 20 Besaran ruang fasilitas pelayanan (servis) ...................................... 72

xvi

Tabel 3. 21 Besaran ruang fasilitas pelayanan mekanikal elektrikal (servis) ...... 73

Tabel 3. 22 Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan ............................................................. 74

Tabel 3. 23 Perhitungan Luasan Kebutuhan Parkir ............................................ 75

Tabel 5. 1 Karakteristik Perkembangan Anak .................................................... 80

Tabel 5. 2 Teori bermain pada anak ................................................................. 83

Tabel 5. 3 Teori pembelajaran pada anak ......................................................... 84

Tabel 5. 4 Teori tata ruang dan bentuk ideal untuk anak ................................... 86

Tabel 5. 5 Teori kebutuhan warna untuk anak .................................................. 87

Tabel 5. 6 Teori pelingkup ruang untuk anak .................................................... 87

Tabel 5. 7 Analisa kesimpulan terhadap teori pada anak .................................. 89

Tabel 6. 1 Strategi Pencapaian Kemungkinan Penerapan Tema Desain .......... 96

Tabel 7. 1 Karakteristik unsur Atraktif ................................................................ 97

Tabel 7. 2 Kemungkinan penerapan desain pada konsep bentuk .................... 100

Tabel 7. 3 Pendekatan Konsep Tata Ruang .................................................... 101

Tabel 7. 4 Kemungkinan penerapan konsep keruangan .................................. 104

Tabel 7. 5 Konsep Struktur .............................................................................. 109

Tabel 7. 6 Konsep Pelingkup ........................................................................... 113

Tabel 7. 7 Konsep utilitas ................................................................................. 123

Tabel 7. 8 Konsep Teknologi ........................................................................... 124

Tabel 8. 1 Tahapan Proses Perancangan ........................................................ 125

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DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 1. 1 Kerangka Pikir ................................................................................... 4

Bagan 2. 1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelola ......................................................... 22

Bagan 3. 1 Pola Aktivitas Kedatangan (Umum) ................................................. 32

Bagan 3. 2 Pola Aktivitas Kepulangan (Umum) ................................................. 33

Bagan 3. 3 Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung (Anak-anak) ........................................... 33

Bagan 3. 4 Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung (Orang Tua) ........................................... 34

Bagan 3. 5 Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung (Tamu) .................................................. 34

Bagan 3. 6 Pola Aktivitas Pengelola (Jajaran Kepala) ...................................... 35

Bagan 3. 7 Pola Aktivitas Pengelola (Staff Karyawan ........................................ 35

Bagan 3. 8 Pola Hubungan Ruang Makro .......................................................... 43

Bagan 6. 1 Kerangka Pikir Pemilihan Tema ....................................................... 91

Bagan 7. 1 Sistem Jaringan Air Bersih ............................................................. 114

Bagan 7. 2 Sistem Jaringan Air Kotor .............................................................. 115

Bagan 7. 3 Sistem Jaringan Listrik ................................................................... 116