LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM - repository.unika.ac.idrepository.unika.ac.id/14664/1/12.11.0024 IVANA...

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXX, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2016/2017

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

TEATER KESENIAN DI SURAKARTA

Tema Desain

ARSITEKTUR NEO-VERNAKULAR

Fokus Kajian

SISTEM KINERJA BANGUNAN YANG MELIPUTI ASPEK AKUSTIK, VISUAL, DAN SPASIAL

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

IVANA DWI SANJAYA 12.11.0024

Dosen pembimbing :

Ir. AMS DARMAWAN, MBldg.

NIDN : 0006085001

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

September 2016

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXX Semester Gasal 2016/2017 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang

Judul : Teater Kesenian di Surakarta

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular

Fokus Kajian : Sistem Kinerja Bangunan Meliputi Aspek Akustik, Visual, dan Spasial

Penyusun : Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024

Pembimbing : Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg

Penguji : Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT

Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT

Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA

Semarang, 30 September

Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

Pembimbing,

Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg NIDN 0006085001

Penguji, Penguji, Penguji

Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT. Ir. Etty Endang L. MT Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA

NIDN 0629056301 NIDN 0617025701 NIDN 0601035401

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXX Semester Gasal Tahun 2016/2017 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang

Judul : Teater Kesenian di Surakarta

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular

Fokus Kajian : Sistem Kinerja Bangunan Meliputi Aspek Akustik, Visual, dan Spasial

Penyusun : Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024

Pembimbing : Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg

Penguji : Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT

Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT

Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA

Semarang, 30 September 2016 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA,Ph.D NIDN 0626076501

Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur

Dr. Ir. Krisprantono NIDN 0616085701

SURAT PERNYATAAN

Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini saya : Nama : Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024 Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur periode LXX semester gasal TA. 2016/2017 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Teater Kesenian di Surakarta Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular Fokus Kajian : Sistem Kinerja Bangunan Meliputi Aspek Akustik, Visual, dan Spasial Pembimbing : Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg NIDN : 0006085001 Adalah bukan karya plagiasi, Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan diatas siap menerima segala konsekuennya Semarang, Penulis Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024

i

PRAKATA

Puji dan Syukur dipanjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala

karunia yang telah dilimpahkan, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan

Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 70 yang berjudul

“Teater Kesenian di Surakarta” ini dengan baik dan tepat waktu. Banyak pihak

yang telah membantu & melancarkan dalam proses penulisan Landasan Teori

dan Program (LTP) ini. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima

kasih kepada :

1. Dr. Dra Tyas Susanti, MA selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.

2. Dr. Ir Krisprantono selaku Kaprogdi arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan

Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.

3. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyanto, MT selaku Dosen Koordinator PAA

Periode 70

4. Ir. AMS Darmawan, MBldg. selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah

membimbing dan memberi masukan kepada penulis selama proses

penulisan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini.

5. Tim Dosen Penguji yang telah memberikan masukan dan kritik yang

sangat bermanfaat.

6. Kedua orang tua dan seluruh keluarga yang telah memberikan

dukungan moril maupun materil sepenuhnya untuk kelancaran proses

penulisan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini.

ii

7. Serta teman-teman seperjuangan yang telah memberikan dukungan

dalam proses penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) Proyek

Akhir Arsitektur 70.

Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini merupakan salah satu tahap dari

Proyek Akhir Arsitektur yang harus dilewati sebelum melangkah menuju tahap

Desain. Penulis memohon maaf apabila terdapat kesalahan dalam penulisan

Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini. Penulis menyadari masih terdapat

berbagai kekurangan dalam penyusunan. Semoga Landasan Teori dan Program

(LTP) yang berjudul “Teater Kesenian di Surakarta” ini dapat memberikan

manfaat bagi para pembacanya.

September 2016

Penulis

iii

DAFTAR ISI

PRAKATA ...............................................................................................................i

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................iii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................vi

DAFTAR TABEL.....................................................................................................xiii

DAFTAR SKEMA DAN DIAGRAM .........................................................................xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek ....................................................................................1

1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ..................................................................3

1.2.1 Tujuan ....................................................................................................3

1.2.2 Sasaran ..................................................................................................4

1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan .....................................................................................4

1.4 Metode Pembahasan ......................................................................................5

1.4.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................5

1.4.2 Metode Penyusunan dan Analisa ...........................................................7

1.4.2.1 Induktif .......................................................................................8

1.4.2.2 Deduktif ......................................................................................9

1.4.3 Metode Pemrograman ............................................................................9

1.4.4 Metode Perancangan Arsitektur .............................................................10

1.4.5 Alur Pikir .................................................................................................12

1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ................................................................................13

BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK .................................................................................16

2.1. Tinjauan Umum ...............................................................................................16

2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ...................................................................................16

2.1.1.1 Teater ........................................................................................16

iv

2.1.1.2 Kesenian ....................................................................................23

2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend ..............................................23

2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan dicapai ....................................................................25

2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ..............................................................................................25

2.2.1 Terminologi ..............................................................................................25

2.2.2 Kegiatan (pelaku / fasilitas / prasarana) ...................................................30

2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ........................................................39

2.2.3.1 Aspek Arsitektural ......................................................................39

2.2.3.2 Aspek Bangunan ........................................................................40

2.2.3.3 Aspek Lingkungan .....................................................................41

2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Desa / Kota .................................................................42

2.2.4.1 Uraian Lokasi .............................................................................42

2.2.4.2 Urgensi ......................................................................................48

2.2.5 Studi Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis ...................................................50

2.2.5.1 Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta (ISI) .......................................50

2.2.5.2 Taman Budaya Jawa Tengah (TBJT) ........................................56

2.2.5.3 Taman Sriwedari ........................................................................62

2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ..............................................................................64

2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan .............................................................65

2.3.1 Kesimpulan ..............................................................................................65

2.3.2 Batasan ....................................................................................................66

2.3.3 Anggapan.................................................................................................66

BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .............................67

3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur .........................................................................67

3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ..........................................................................................67

v

3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas ...........................................................................................87

3.1.2.1 Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................................87

3.1.2.2 Deskripsi Ruang.........................................................................99

3.1.2.3 Pola Hubungan Antar Ruang .....................................................104

3.1.2.4 Studi Besaran Ruang .................................................................107

3.1.2.5 Studi Ruang Khusus ..................................................................134

3.1.2.6 Studi Ruang Kaum Difabel .........................................................144

3.1.2.7 Studi Kebutuhan Lain .................................................................146

3.1.2.8 Studi Citra Arsitektural ...............................................................147

3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ...........................................................148

3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure .......................................................148

3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................................156

3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ..................................................................168

3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ........................................................175

3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi .........................................................................175

3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak .........................................................................181

BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .......................................................................189

4.1. Konsep Program ..............................................................................................189

4.1.1 Citra Arsitektural ....................................................................................189

4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi .........................................................................................189

4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ....................................................................................190

4.1.4 Aspek ramah Lingkungan ......................................................................197

4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan

Perancangan ...........................................................................................................197

4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ..............................................................................197

vi

4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................................198

4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ..........................................................198

4.2.3.1 Persyaratan Arsitektural .............................................................198

4.2.3.2 Persyaratan Bangunan ..............................................................199

4.2.3.3 Persyaratan Lingkungan ............................................................200

4.3. Program Arsitektur ...........................................................................................201

4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ..................................................................................201

4.3.1.1 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang .....................................................201

4.3.1.2 Luas Lahan ................................................................................203

4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur ........................................................................205

4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas .........................................................................213

4.4. Program dan Lokasi Tapak ..............................................................................225

4.4.1 Lokasi / Wilayah Terpilih ........................................................................225

4.4.2 Tapak Terpilih ........................................................................................227

4.4.3 Ruang Terbuka Hijau .............................................................................230

4.4.4 Jenis Pohon Pilihan ...............................................................................231

4.4.5 Bahan Penutup Tanah ...........................................................................231

4.4.6 Pengelolaan Limbah ..............................................................................231

BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ..........................................................................................232

5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain .......................................................................232

5.1.1 Teori Tema Desain ................................................................................232

5.1.2 Studi Preseden ......................................................................................233

5.1.3 Transformasi Studi Desain .....................................................................235

5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ..............................................................236

5.2.1 Teori Permasalahan Dominan ...............................................................236

vii

5.2.2 Studi Preseden ......................................................................................240

5.2.3 Transformasi Studi Permasalahan Dominan .........................................243

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...............................................................................................244

LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................................246

viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Amphitheatre Format ...........................................................................17

Gambar 2.2 Ancient Roman ....................................................................................17

Gambar 2.3 Corner Stage Format ...........................................................................18

Gambar 2.4 Olivier auditorium at the National Theatre, London .............................18

Gambar 2.5 End Stage Format ...............................................................................19

Gambar 2.6 Northern Stage, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK .........................................19

Gambar 2.7 In The Round Format ..........................................................................19

Gambar 2.8 The Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester .........................................19

Gambar 2.9 Proscenium Format .............................................................................20

Gambar 2.10 Wexford Opera House, Wexford, Ireland...........................................20

Gambar 2.11 The Wide Fan Format........................................................................21

Gambar 2.12 The Barbican Theatre, London ..........................................................21

Gambar 2.13 Thrust Stage Format..........................................................................22

Gambar 2.14 The Crucible Theatre, Sheffield .........................................................22

Gambar 2.15 Traverse Format ................................................................................22

Gambar 2.16 National Theatre, Mannheim, Germany.............................................22

Gambar 2.17 Peta Provinsi Jawa Tengah ...............................................................42

Gambar 2.18 Peta Wilayah Administrasi Kota Surakarta ........................................43

Gambar 2.19 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang kota Surakarta ..................................45

Gambar 2.20 Pintu Gerbang ISI Surakarta .............................................................50

Gambar 2.21 Suasana ISI Surakarta ......................................................................50

Gambar 2.22 Gedung Teater Besar ISI ...................................................................52

ix

Gambar 2.23 Auditorium Teater Besar ISI ..............................................................52

Gambar 2.24 Panggung dan Set Lighting Teater Besar ISI Surakarta ....................52

Gambar 2.25 Gedung Teater Kecil .........................................................................53

Gambar 2.26 Lobby Teater Kecil ISI .......................................................................53

Gambar 2.27 Panggung Teater Kecil ISI .................................................................53

Gambar 2.28 Set Gamelan di Panggung ................................................................53

Gambar 2.29 Pintu Keluar Penonton ......................................................................54

Gambar 2.30 Kursi Penonton dan Ruang Kontrol ...................................................54

Gambar 2.31 Taman Eden ......................................................................................54

Gambar 2.32 Taman Gendhon Humardani .............................................................54

Gambar 2.33 Pendopo ISI Surakarta ......................................................................55

Gambar 2.34 Set Lampu di Pendopo ISI .................................................................55

Gambar 2.35 Set Gamelan di Pendopo ..................................................................55

Gambar 2.36 Kompleks Taman Budaya Jawa Tengah (TBJT) ...............................57

Gambar 2.37 Pendopo Ageng TBJT .......................................................................58

Gambar 2.38 Pendopo Alit TBJT ............................................................................58

Gambar 2.39 Teater Arena TBJT ............................................................................59

Gambar 2.40 Kursi Penonton Teater Arena ............................................................59

Gambar 2.41 Ruang Kontrol Teater Arena ..............................................................59

Gambar 2.42 Set Lampu Teater Arena ...................................................................59

Gambar 2.43 Ruang Galeri TBJT ............................................................................60

Gambar 2.44 Set Lampu Ruang Galeri ...................................................................60

Gambar 2.45 Wisma Seni TBJT ..............................................................................60

Gambar 2.46 Teater Terbuka TBJT ........................................................................61

Gambar 2.47 Pintu Gerbang Taman Sriwedari .......................................................62

x

Gambar 2.48 Pendopo Sriwedari ............................................................................63

Gambar 2.49 Panggung dan Kursi Penonton di Gedung Wayang Orang ...............63

Gambar 3.1 Sightline ...............................................................................................135

Gambar 3.2 (a) Seat Down (b) Seat Tipe ................................................................136

Gambar 3.3 Standar Dimensi Tempat Duduk .........................................................137

Gambar 3.4 Jumlah Kursi Penonton dalam 1 Baris ................................................137

Gambar 3.5 Kebutuhan Ruang Auditorium .............................................................138

Gambar 3.6 Proscenium Format .............................................................................138

Gambar 3.7 Jarak Antar Baris dan Jarak Baris Terdepan dengan Panggung .........139

Gambar 3.8 Denah Auditorium Lt. dasar Kapasitas 650 Pengunjung .....................139

Gambar 3.9 Denah Auditorium Lt. 1 Kapasitas 350 Pengunjung ............................139

Gambar 3.10 Tata Letak Panggung dan Hubungan dengan Penonton...................139

Gambar 3.11 Analisa Pergerakan Pemain di Panggung .........................................140

Gambar 3.12 Analisa Pergerakan Pemain Pentas ..................................................140

Gambar 3.13 Kebutuhan Ruang Pemain Gamelan .................................................141

Gambar 3.14 Kebutuhan Ruang Sinden .................................................................141

Gambar 3.15 Denah Area Panggung dan Area Pemain Musik ...............................143

Gambar 3.16 Denah Gedung Teater Lt. dasar ........................................................143

Gambar 3.17 Denah Gedung Teater Lt. 1 ...............................................................143

Gambar 3.18 Kebutuhan Ruang Kaum Difabel .......................................................144

Gambar 3.19 Kebutuhan Ruang Ramp dan Handrail ..............................................144

Gambar 3.20 Kebutuhan Ruang Kaum Difabel di Toilet..........................................145

Gambar 3.21 Kebutuhan Lift Difabel .......................................................................146

Gambar 3.22 Pondasi Footplat ...............................................................................148

Gambar 3.23 Pondasi Batu Kali ..............................................................................148

xi

Gambar 3.24 Pondasi Strauss Pile .........................................................................149

Gambar 3.25 Raised Floor ......................................................................................149

Gambar 3.26 Struktur Lantai BetoN ........................................................................150

Gambar 3.27 Lantai Keramik ..................................................................................150

Gambar 3.28 Macam-macam parquet.....................................................................150

Gambar 3.29 Lantai Karpet .....................................................................................151

Gambar 3.30 Stone Walkways ................................................................................151

Gambar 3.31 Struktur Kolom Kayu..........................................................................151

Gambar 3.32 Struktur Kolom Beton ........................................................................152

Gambar 3.33 Struktur Kolom Baja...........................................................................152

Gambar 3.34 Struktur Dinding Bata ........................................................................152

Gambar 3.35 Rangka Dinding Kayu ........................................................................153

Gambar 3.36 Rangka Curtain Wall .........................................................................153

Gambar 3.37 Struktur Plafond PVC ........................................................................153

Gambar 3.38 Struktur Plafond Gypsum ..................................................................154


Gambar 3.40 Atap Konvensional ............................................................................154

Gambar 3.41 Atap Spaceframe ...............................................................................155

Gambar 3.42 Atap Joglo .........................................................................................155

Gambar 3.43 Atap ACP ...........................................................................................155

Gambar 3.44 Atap Bitumen .....................................................................................156

Gambar 3.45 Atap Sirap ..........................................................................................156

Gambar 3.46 Lampu LED .......................................................................................159

Gambar 3.47 Lampu Halogen .................................................................................160

Gambar 3.48 Lampu Fresnel Halogen ....................................................................160

xii

Gambar 3.49 Lampu TL (Fluorescent) ....................................................................160

Gambar 3.50 Exhaust Fan ......................................................................................161

Gambar 3.51 Sistem Kerja AC ................................................................................161

Gambar 3.52 Air Conditioner ...................................................................................162

Gambar 3.52 Kamera CCTV ...................................................................................163

Gambar 3.53 Sistem CCTV .....................................................................................163

Gambar 3.54 Rambu Jalur Evakuasi.......................................................................163

Gambar 3.55 Smoke Detector .................................................................................164

Gambar 3.56 Fire Alarm ..........................................................................................164

Gambar 3.57 Fire Extinguisher ...............................................................................165

Gambar 3.58 Fire Sprinkle ......................................................................................165

Gambar 3.59 Hydrant box dan Hydrant Pole ..........................................................166

Gambar 3.60 Sistem Jaringan Wifi ..........................................................................166

Gambar 3.61 Jenis Penampang Lintang Anak Tangga ...........................................166

Gambar 3.62 Studi Dimenis Anak Tangga ..............................................................167

Gambar 3.63 Kebutuhan Lift yang mencukupi bagi Difabel ....................................167

Gambar 3.64 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ..................................................168

Gambar 3.65 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ..................................................169

Gambar 3.66 Panggung dengan Sistem Hidrolik ....................................................169

Gambar 3.67 Revolve Stage ...................................................................................170

Gambar 3.68 Pengaplikasian Revolve Stage ..........................................................170

Gambar 3.69 Hemp Fly Gallery ...............................................................................171

Gambar 3.70 Lock Rope .........................................................................................171

Gambar 3.71 Overstage Machinery ........................................................................171

Gambar 3.72 Flytower .............................................................................................172

xiii

Gambar 3.73 Seni Akrobatik ...................................................................................172

Gambar 3.74 Lighting bridge ...................................................................................173

Gambar 3.75 Akses Vertikal Horizontal Lampu Overstage .....................................173

Gambar 3.76 Lampu Side Stage .............................................................................174

Gambar 3.77 Perch .................................................................................................174

Gambar 3.78 Booms ...............................................................................................174

Gambar 3.79 Stage Background LED Display ........................................................175

Gambar 3.80 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang Kec Jebres ........................................176

Gambar 3.81 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang kec.Laweyan .....................................178

Gambar 3.82 Batas-batas Tapak 1 .........................................................................182

Gambar 3.83 Vegetasi sekitar Tapak 1 ...................................................................183

Gambar 3.84 Batas- batas Tapak 2 ........................................................................185

Gambar 3.85 Vegetasi sekitar Tapak 2 ...................................................................186

Gambar 4.1 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ....................................................190

Gambar 4.2 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ....................................................191

Gambar 4.3 Panggung dengan Sistem Hidrolik ......................................................191

Gambar 4.4 Revolve Stage .....................................................................................192

Gambar 4.5 Pengaplikasian Revolve Stage ............................................................192

Gambar 4.6 Hemp Fly Gallery .................................................................................193

Gambar 4.7 Lock Rope ...........................................................................................193

Gambar 4.8 Overstage Machinery ..........................................................................193

Gambar 4.9 Flytower ...............................................................................................194

Gambar 4.10 Seni Akrobatik ...................................................................................194

Gambar 4.11 Lighting bridge ...................................................................................195

Gambar 4.12 Akses Vertikal Horizontal Lampu Overstage .....................................195

xiv

Gambar 4.13 Lampu Side Stage .............................................................................196

Gambar 4.14 Perch .................................................................................................196

Gambar 4.15 Booms ...............................................................................................196

Gambar 4.16 Stage Background LED Display ........................................................197

Gambar 4.17 Pondasi Footplat ...............................................................................205

Gambar 4.18 Pondasi Batu Kali ..............................................................................205

Gambar 4.19 Pondasi Strauss Pile .........................................................................206

Gambar 4.20 Raised Floor ......................................................................................206

Gambar 4.21 Struktur Lantai Beton .........................................................................207

Gambar 4.22 Lantai Keramik ..................................................................................207

Gambar 4.23 Macam-macam parquet.....................................................................207

Gambar 4.24 Lantai Karpet .....................................................................................208

Gambar 4.25 Stone Walkways ................................................................................208

Gambar 4.26 Struktur Kolom Kayu..........................................................................208

Gambar 4.27 Struktur Kolom Beton ........................................................................209


Gambar 4.29 Struktur Dinding Bata ........................................................................209

Gambar 4.30 Rangka Dinding Kayu ........................................................................210

Gambar 4.31 Rangka Curtain Wall .........................................................................210

Gambar 4.32 Struktur Plafond PVC ........................................................................210

Gambar 4.33 Struktur Plafond Gypsum ..................................................................211


Gambar 4.35 Atap Konvensional ............................................................................211

Gambar 4.36 Atap Spaceframe ...............................................................................212

Gambar 4.37 Atap Joglo .........................................................................................212

xv

Gambar 4.38 Atap ACP ...........................................................................................212

Gambar 4.39 Atap Bitumen .....................................................................................213

Gambar 4.40 Atap Sirap ..........................................................................................213

Gambar 4.41 Lampu LED .......................................................................................216

Gambar 4.42 Lampu Halogen .................................................................................217

Gambar 4.43 Lampu Fresnel Halogen ....................................................................217

Gambar 4.44 Lampu TL (Fluorescent) ....................................................................217

Gambar 4.45 Exhaust Fan ......................................................................................218

Gambar 4.46 Sistem Kerja AC ................................................................................218

Gambar 4.47 Air Conditioner ...................................................................................219

Gambar 4.48 Kamera CCTV ...................................................................................220

Gambar 4.49 Sistem CCTV .....................................................................................220

Gambar 4.50 Rambu Jalur Evakuasi.......................................................................220

Gambar 4.51 Smoke Detector .................................................................................221

Gambar 4.52 Fire Alarm ..........................................................................................221

Gambar 4.53 Fire Extinguisher ...............................................................................222

Gambar 4.54 Fire Sprinkle ......................................................................................222

Gambar 4.55 Hydrant box dan Hydrant Pole ..........................................................223

Gambar 4.56 Sistem Jaringan Wifi ..........................................................................223

Gambar 4.57 Jenis Penampang Lintang Anak Tangga ...........................................223

Gambar 4.58 Studi Dimenis Anak Tangga ..............................................................224

Gambar 4.59 Kebutuhan Lift yang mencukupi bagi Difabel ....................................224

Gambar 4.60 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang kec.Laweyan .....................................225

Gambar 4.61 Tapak Terpilih ....................................................................................227

Gambar 4.62 Batas-batas Tapak Terpilih ................................................................228

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Gambar 4.63 Vegetasi sekitar Tapak Terpilih .........................................................229

Gambar 5.1 Bandara Internasional Minangkabau ...................................................233

Gambar 5.2 Detail Atap Bagonjong .........................................................................234

Gambar 5.3 Pengunaan Material pada Bandara Internasional Minangkabau .........234

Gambar 5.4 Tata Peletakan Bangunan pada Kompleks Keraton Surakarta ...........235

Gambar 5.5 Luminasi dan Iluminasi ........................................................................236

Gambar 5.6 Garis Bebas Pandang antar Penonton ................................................237

Gambar 5.7 Garis Bebas Pandang pada Teater .....................................................238

Gambar 5.8 Tata Letak Panggung dan Hubungan dengan Penonton ....................238

Gambar 5.9 Diagram Skala Phon ...........................................................................239

Gambar 5.10 Tabel Kriteria Bising yang direkomendasikan untuk ruang / gedung .239

Gambar 5.11 Auditorio de Tenerife .........................................................................241

Gambar 5.12 Panel Kayu berbentuk Kristalin .........................................................241

Gambar 5.13 Akustik Panel / Layar Konsertina .......................................................242

Gambar 5.14 Aula Simfoni Auditorio de Tenerife ....................................................242

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Pelaku, Aktivitas, dan Kebutuhan Ruang dalam Kompleks Teater ..........31

Tabel 2.2 Fasilitas dan Prasarana dalam kompleks Teater .....................................34

Tabel 2.3 Arahan dan Fungsi Sub Pusat kota Surakarta tahun 2010-2030 ............46

Tabel 3.1 Analisa Kegiatan Pengunjung .................................................................67

Tabel 3.2 Analisa Kegiatan Penyaji .........................................................................68

Tabel 3.3 Analisa Kegiatan Pengelola.....................................................................70

Tabel 3.4 Pengelompokan Sifat Ruang ...................................................................74

Tabel 3.5 Presentase Tujuan Wisatawan Kota Surakarta .......................................82

Tabel 3.6 Jumlah Penyaji dalam Kompleks Proyek ................................................83

Tabel 3.7 Jumlah Pengelola dalam Kompleks Proyek ............................................85

Tabel 3.8 Kebutuhan Ruang dan Persyaratan Ruang .............................................87

Tabel 3.9 Deskripsi Ruang ......................................................................................99

Tabel 3.10 Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................................107

Tabel 3.11 Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan ...................................................................129

Tabel 3.12 Satuan Ruang Parkir (SRP) ..................................................................132

Tabel 3.13 Macam-macam Struktur Pondasi ..........................................................148

Tabel 3.14 Macam-macam Struktur Lantai .............................................................149

Tabel 3.15 Macam-macam Material Penutup Lantai ...............................................150

Tabel 3.16 Macam-macam Struktur Kolom .............................................................151

Tabel 3.17 Macam-macam Struktur Dinding ...........................................................152

Tabel 3.18 Macam-macam Struktur Plafond ...........................................................153

Tabel 3.19 Macam-macam Struktur Atap ................................................................154

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Tabel 3.20 Macam-macam Material Penutup Atap .................................................155

Tabel 3.21 Skoring Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................................181

Tabel 3.22 Analisa SWOT Jalan Adi Sucipto ..........................................................184

Tabel 3.23 Analisa SWOT Jalan Bigjen Slamet Riyadi ...........................................187

Tabel 3.24 Skoring Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................................188

Tabel 4.1 Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan .....................................................................201

Tabel 4.2 Macam-macam Struktur Pondasi ............................................................205

Tabel 4.3 Macam-macam Struktur Lantai ...............................................................206

Tabel 4.4 Macam-macam Material Penutup Lantai .................................................207

Tabel 4.5 Macam-macam Struktur Kolom ...............................................................208

Tabel 4.6 Macam-macam Struktur Dinding .............................................................209

Tabel 4.7 Macam-macam Struktur Plafond .............................................................210

Tabel 4.8 Macam-macam Struktur Atap ..................................................................211

Tabel 4.9 Macam-macam Material Penutup Atap ...................................................212

Tabel 4.10 Analisa SWOT Jalan Adi Sucipto ..........................................................230

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DAFTAR SKEMA

Skema 1.1 Lingkup Pembahasan Proyek terkait Solusi Arsitektural pada Teater ...5

Skema 1.2 Metode Penyusunan dan Analisis .........................................................7

Skema 1.3 Kerangka Pemikiran Metode Induktif ....................................................8

Skema 1.4 Kerangka Pemikiran Metode Deduktif ...................................................9

Skema 1.5 Alur Pikir ................................................................................................12

Skema 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelola Kompleks Teater Kesenian ...................39

Skema 3.1 Pola Kegiatan Datang ...........................................................................77

Skema 3.2 Pola Kegiatan Pulang ............................................................................77

Skema 3.3 Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung ....................................................................78

Skema 3.4 Pola Kegiatan Pengelola .......................................................................78

Skema 3.5 Pola Kegiatan Penyaji ...........................................................................79

Skema 3.6 Pembagian Sesi dalam Satu Pertunjukan .............................................82

Skema 3.6 Sirkulasi Ruang Makro ..........................................................................104

Skema 3.7 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Kantor Pengelola ...............................................105

Skema 3.8 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Area Pelatihan ...................................................105

Skema 3.9 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Area Pertunjukan ...............................................106

Skema 3.10 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Perpustakaan ..................................................107

Skema 3.11 Jaringan Air Bersih ..............................................................................156

Skema 3.12 Jaringan Air Kotor ...............................................................................158

Skema 3.13 Jaringan Listrik ....................................................................................158

Skema 3.14 Jaringan Mekanikal Panggung ............................................................158

Skema 3.15 Jaringan Fiber Optik ............................................................................159

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Skema 4.1 Jaringan Air Bersih ................................................................................213

Skema 4.2 Jaringan Air Kotor .................................................................................215

Skema 4.3 Jaringan Listrik ......................................................................................215

Skema 4.4 Jaringan Mekanikal Panggung ..............................................................215

Skema 4.5 Jaringan Fiber Optik ..............................................................................216

DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 3.1 Data Wisatawan Domestik Kota Surakarta .........................................80

Diagram 3.2 Data Wisatawan Mancanegara kota Surakarta ...................................80

Diagram 3.3 Total Wisatawan Domestik dan Mancanegara kota Surakarta ...........81

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM - repository.unika.ac.idrepository.unika.ac.id/14664/1/12.11.0024 IVANA...

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