PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

PERIODE LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017-2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

MUSEUM DIRGANTARA

DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Tema Desain

Arsitektur Metafora

Fokus Kajian

Penerapan Struktur Advance Bentang Lebar

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

Benediktus Metatri Nugroho 14.A1.0070

Dosen pembimbing :

Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B, MT

NIDN. 0616046301

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN

DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG

Maret 2018

ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun Akademik 2017/2018

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Judul : Museum Dirgantara

di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Metafora

Permasalahan Dominan : Penerapan Struktur Advance Bentang Lebar

Penyusun : Benediktus Metatri Nugroho ( 14.A1.0070 )

Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St. B, MT

Penguji : Prof. Dr.-Ing L.M.F Purwanto

Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR

Semarang, 25 Maret 2018

Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,

Dekan

Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain,

Dra. B Tyas Susanti, MA, PhD. NIDN. 0626076501

Ketua

Program Studi Arsitektur,

MD. Nestri Kiswari, ST, MSc NIDN. 0627097502

iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun Akademik 2017/2018

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Judul : Museum Dirgantara

di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Metafora

Permasalahan Dominan : Penerapan Struktur Advance Bentang Lebar

Penyusun : Benediktus Metatri Nugroho ( 14.A1.0070 )

Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St. B, MT

Penguji : Prof. Dr.-Ing L.M.F Purwanto

Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR

Semarang, 25 Maret 2018

Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,

Pembimbing,

Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St. B, MT NIDN. 0616046301

Penguji,

Prof. Dr.-Ing L.M.F Purwanto NIDN. 0602066801

Penguji,

Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR NIDN. 0608075601

iv

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya :

Nama : Benediktus Metatri Nugroho

NIM : 14.A1.0070

Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur periode 73

Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2017 / 2018 Program Studi Arsitektur,

Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranara

Semarang.

Judul : Museum Dirgantara di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Metafora

Fokus Kajian : Penerapan Struktur Advance Bentang Lebar

Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St. B, MT

NIDN : 0616046301

Adalah bukan karya plagiasi dan jika kemuadian hari ditemukan tindak

plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat

pernyataan di atas siap menerima segala konsekuensinya.

Semarang, 25 Maret 2016

Penulis,

Benediktus Metatri Nugroho

v

PRAKATA

Puji Syukur Kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat-Nya, dapat

diselesaikannya Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) dengan judul Museum

Dirgantara di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sebagai syarat dalam

menyelesaikan program Projek Akhir Arsitektur ke 73, Program Studi

Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Univesitas Katolik

Soegijapranata Semarang. Tidak lupa dihaturkan terimakasih kepada :

1. Dra. Tyas Susanti, MA., PhD. selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur

dan Desain.

2. M.D. Nestri Kiswari, ST, MSc. selaku Ketua Program Studi

Arsitektur Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata

3. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, M.T. selaku koordinator Proyek

Akhir Arsitektur (PAA) 73.

4. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B, M.T. selaku dosen pembimbing yang

telah memberikan kritik, saran dan masukan selama proses

pembuatan hingga penyelesaian LTP ini.

Berharap melalui disusunnya Landasan Teori dan Program ini dapat

memberi gambaran secara jelas mengenai Proyek Akhir Arsitektur dengan

judul Museum Dirgantara di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.

Semarang, 28 Maret 2018

Penulis

vi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN........................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN....................................................................... iii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ....................................................................... iv

PRAKATA ................................................................................................. v

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................... xv

DAFTAR BAGAN .................................................................................... xvi

DAFTAR GRAFIK .................................................................................. xvii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 1

1.1. Latar Belakang Projek ................................................................... 1

1.2. Tujuan dan sasaran pembahasan ................................................. 4

1.2.1. Tujuan ........................................................................................... 4

1.2.2. Sasaran ........................................................................................ 4

1.3. Lingkup pembahasan .................................................................... 5

1.4. Metode pembahasan..................................................................... 6

1.4.1. Metode pengumpulan data ........................................................... 6

A. Data Primer ................................................................................... 6

B. Data Sekunder .............................................................................. 7

1.4.2. Metode penyusunan dan analisis ................................................. 7

1.4.3. Metode Pemrograman .................................................................. 8

A. Tahap Analisis ............................................................................... 8

B. Tahap Sintesis .............................................................................. 8

1.4.4. Metode Perancangan Arsitektur ................................................... 9

1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................ 11

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................. 13

2.1. Tinjauan Umum ........................................................................... 13

2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ....................................................................... 13

2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend Museum ................... 17

vii

2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan dicapai ......................................................... 20

2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ......................................................................... 21

2.2.1 Terminologi ................................................................................. 21

A. Pengertian Epistomologis ............................................................ 21

B. Latar Belakang Sejarah ............................................................... 22

C. Sumber Koleksi ........................................................................... 25

D. Perawatan Koleksi....................................................................... 26

E. Pengamanan Koleksi .................................................................. 28

2.2.2 Kegiatan ...................................................................................... 28

A. Pelaku ......................................................................................... 28

B. Fasilitas ....................................................................................... 33

C. Alat/Prasarana ............................................................................ 35

2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan persyaratan desain ............................................ 36

A. Arsitektur ..................................................................................... 36

B. Bangunan .................................................................................... 36

C. Lingkungan .................................................................................. 37

2.2.4 Deskripsi konteks kota ................................................................ 37

2.2.5 Studi komparasi kasus projek sejenis ......................................... 42

A. Museum Pusat TNI AU Dirgantara Mandala ............................... 42

B. Museum Angkut .......................................................................... 48

2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ......................................... 51

2.3.1. Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 51

2.3.2. Batasan ....................................................................................... 52

2.3.3. Anggapan ................................................................................... 52

BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR .................................. 53

3.1 Analisa pendekatan arsitektur ..................................................... 53

3.1.1. Studi Aktifitas .............................................................................. 53

A. Pengelompokan Kegiatan ........................................................... 53

B. Pola Aktivitas ............................................................................... 58

C. Waktu Operasional Bangunan .................................................... 60

3.1.2. Studi fasilitas ............................................................................... 62

viii

A. Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................... 62

B. Persyaratan Ruang ..................................................................... 73

C. Pola Sirkulasi Ruang ................................................................... 77

D. Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku ......................................................... 82

3.1.3. Studi Ruang Khusus ................................................................... 85

3.1.4. Studi Besaran Bangunan dan Lahan Parkir .............................. 113

A. Studi Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan .............................................. 113

B. Studi Kebutuhan Luas Parkir ..................................................... 128

3.1.5. Studi Citra Arsitektural .............................................................. 130

3.1.6. Studi Sistem Struktur Bangunan ............................................... 131

3.1.1. Studi Sistem Enclosure ............................................................. 136

3.1.2. Studi Sistem Pencahayaan ....................................................... 145

A. Sistem Pencahayaan Alami ...................................................... 145

B. Sistem Pencahayaan Buatan .................................................... 146

3.1.3. Studi Sistem Penghawaan ........................................................ 151

A. Sistem Penghawaan Alami ....................................................... 151

B. Sistem Penghawaan Buatan ..................................................... 151

3.1.4. Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................. 154

A. Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih ....................................................... 154

B. Sitem Pengolahan Limbah ........................................................ 155

3.1.5. Sistem Penangkal Petir ............................................................. 157

3.1.6. Sistem Jaringan Listrik .............................................................. 157

3.1.7. Manajemen Sampah ................................................................. 157

3.1.8. Sistem Transportasi .................................................................. 158

3.1.9. Fire Fighting System ................................................................. 159

3.1.10. Sistem Telekomunikasi ........................................................... 164

3.1.11. Sistem Keamanan ................................................................... 164

3.1.12. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ................................................. 165

3.2. Analisa konteks lingkungan ....................................................... 168

3.2.1. Analisa pemilihan lokasi ............................................................ 168

3.2.2. Analisa pemilihan tapak ............................................................ 182

ix

A. Studi Luas Tapak ...................................................................... 182

B. Alternatif Tapak ......................................................................... 184

BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ....................................................... 191

4.1 Konsep program ........................................................................ 191

4.1.1. Studi Citra Arsitektural .............................................................. 191

4.1.2. Studi Citra Fungsi ..................................................................... 191

4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi ....................................................................... 192

4.2 Tujuan perancangaan, faktor penentu perancangan, faktor

persyaratan perancangan ...................................................................... 192

4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan ................................................................ 192

4.2.2. Faktor Perancangan ................................................................. 193

4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................. 194

A. Arsitektur ................................................................................... 194

B. Bangunan .................................................................................. 195

C. Lingkungan ................................................................................ 195

4.3 Program Arsitektur .................................................................... 196

4.3.1. Program Kegiatan dan Fasilitas ................................................ 196

4.3.2. Program Besaran Ruang .......................................................... 200

4.3.3. Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ................................... 202

4.3.4. Program Sistem Pencahayaan ................................................. 203

4.3.5. Program Sistem Penghawaan .................................................. 203

4.3.6. Program Sistem Utilitas ............................................................ 203

4.3.7. Program Manajemen Sampah .................................................. 205

4.3.8. Program Sistem Transportasi Vertikal ...................................... 205

4.3.9. Program Sistem Fire Fighting System ...................................... 205

4.3.10. Program Sistem Telekomunikasi ............................................. 206

4.3.11. Program Sistem Keamanan .................................................... 206

4.3.12. Program Sistem Penangkal Petir ............................................ 206

4.3.13. Program Sistem Elektrikal ....................................................... 207

4.3.14. Program Sistem Pemanfaatan Teknologi ................................ 207

4.3.15. Program Lokasi dan Tapak ..................................................... 209

x

BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ......................................................................... 212

5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan/ Tema desain ..................................... 212

5.1.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Tema Desain ....................... 212

5.1.2. Studi Preseden Tema Desain ................................................... 217

5.1.3. Kemungkinan Implementasi Teori Penekanan Desain ............. 221

5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........................................ 223

5.2.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Dominan ..................... 223

5.2.2. Studi Preseden Permasalahan Dominan .................................. 235

5.2.3. Kemungkinan Implementasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan ..... 239

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................. 240

LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................ 242

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Museum Monjali di malam hari ................................................... 19 Gambar 2.2 Peta Kabupaten Kulon Progo ...................................................... 39 Gambar 2.3 Letak Museum Pusat TNI AU Dirgantara Mandala ................. 43 Gambar 2.4 Loket dan Ruang Utama .............................................................. 43 Gambar 2.5 Koleksi di Ruang Kronologi ......................................................... 44 Gambar 2.6 Display koleksi seragam TNI AU RI ........................................... 44 Gambar 2.7 Display koleksi atribut TNI AU RI ............................................... 45 Gambar 2.8 Koleksi berbagai jenis pesawat bersejarah ............................... 45 Gambar 2.9 Diorama sejarah kedirgantaraan Indonesia .............................. 45 Gambar 2.10 Koleksi di ruang minat kedirgantaraan .................................... 46 Gambar 2.11 Simulator pesawat P-51 Mustang dan mini theater ............. 46 Gambar 2.12 Souvenir shop (kiri) dan kios (kanan) ...................................... 47 Gambar 2. 13 Area parkir bus (kiri) dan halaman bermain (kanan) ............ 47 Gambar 2.14 Fasilitas Menara Pandang dan Restoran Tematik ................ 49 Gambar 2.15 Zona Runway 27 Museum Angkut Airport .............................. 50 Gambar 3.1 Visual field in horizontal plane ..................................................... 86 Gambar 3.2 Visual field in vertical plane ......................................................... 87 Gambar 3.3. Jarak pandang kenyamanan vertikal ........................................ 88 Gambar 3.4. Jarak pandang kenyamanan horisontal ................................... 88 Gambar 3.5. Jarak pandangan menyeluruh pengamatan hal khusus ........ 89 Gambar 3.6. Jarak pandangan menyeluruh pengamatan hal khusus ....... 89 Gambar 3.7. Kebutuhan ruang orang berdiri .................................................. 90 Gambar 3.8. Kebutuhan orang ketika merawat benda koleksi .................... 90 Gambar 3.9. Dimensi alat angkut barang ........................................................ 91 Gambar 3.10. Kebutuhan ruang pameran patung ......................................... 92 Gambar 3.11. Kebutuhan ruang pameran foto ............................................... 93 Gambar 3.12. Kebutuhan ruang pameran pataka ........................................ 94 Gambar 3.13. Kebutuhan ruang pameran kronologi ..................................... 95 Gambar 3.14. Kebutuhan ruang pameran kronologi ..................................... 96 Gambar 3.15. Kebutuhan ruang pameran diorama ....................................... 97 Gambar 3.16. Ilustrasi pameran koleksi miniatur pesawat ........................... 98 Gambar 3.17. Miniatur susunan sistem tata surya ......................................100 Gambar 3.18. P-51 Mustang ...........................................................................101 Gambar 3.19. Glider Kampret ........................................................................101 Gambar 3.20. PZL – 104 Wilga Gelatik .........................................................102 Gambar 3.21. AT-16 Harvard ..........................................................................102 Gambar 3.22. Pesawat Terbang RI-X ...........................................................103 Gambar 3.23. Cureng .......................................................................................103 Gambar 3.24. Nishikoreng ...............................................................................104 Gambar 3.25. Mitsubishi Army – 98 Guntei ..................................................104

xii

Gambar 3.26. Wel – I RI – X ...........................................................................105 Gambar 3.27. NU 200 .....................................................................................105 Gambar 3.28. Cessna Aircraft .........................................................................106 Gambar 3.29. NAS 332-SUPER PUMA ........................................................106 Gambar 3.30. North American B-25 Michell .................................................107 Gambar 3.31. C-47 Dakota ..............................................................................107 Gambar 3.32. UH-34 Sikorsky Helikopter .....................................................108 Gambar 3.33. C-140 Jet Star Pancasila ........................................................108 Gambar 3.34. PBY-505 (Catalina) ..................................................................109 Gambar 3.35. UF 1 ALBATROS IR-7 ............................................................109 Gambar 3.36 Tinggi optrade dan lebar aantrade .........................................111 Gambar 3.37 Perhitungan jarak layar ke proyektor ....................................111 Gambar 3.38 Ukuran sirkulasi pengguna teater...........................................112 Gambar 3.39 Ukuran sirkulasi pengguna teater...........................................112 Gambar 3.40. Pondasi Footplate ....................................................................131 Gambar 3.41. Pondasi Sumuran ....................................................................132 Gambar 3.42. Pondasi Tiang Pancang .........................................................132 Gambar 3.43. Pondasi Raft .............................................................................133 Gambar 3.44. Skeleton Structure ...................................................................133 Gambar 3.45. Spaceframe ...............................................................................134 Gambar 3.46. Baja Konvensional ...................................................................134 Gambar 3.47. Shell ...........................................................................................135 Gambar 3.48. Folded Plate ..............................................................................135 Gambar 3.49. Keramik .....................................................................................136 Gambar 3.50. Marmer ......................................................................................137 Gambar 3.51. Karpet ........................................................................................137 Gambar 3.52. Floor Hardener .........................................................................138 Gambar 3.53. Batu Bata ...................................................................................139 Gambar 3.54. Partisi Kaca ...............................................................................139 Gambar 3.55. Kalsiboard .................................................................................140 Gambar 3.56. ACP ............................................................................................140 Gambar 3.57. Gypsumboard ...........................................................................141 Gambar 3.58. PVC ............................................................................................141 Gambar 3.59. Plafond Akustik .........................................................................142 Gambar 3.60. Polycarbonat .............................................................................142 Gambar 3.61. Roof garden ..............................................................................143 Gambar 3.62. Roof glass .................................................................................143 Gambar 3.63. Bitumen .....................................................................................144 Gambar 3.64. Kalzip .........................................................................................144 Gambar 3.65. Skylight ......................................................................................145 Gambar 3.66. Clerestories ...............................................................................146 Gambar 3.67. Lampu Flourescent .................................................................147 Gambar 3.68. Lampu LED ...............................................................................147

xiii

Gambar 3.69. Lampu Halogen ........................................................................148 Gambar 3.70. Lampu SL ..................................................................................148 Gambar 3.71. Wallwasher ...............................................................................150 Gambar 3.72. Ground Lamps ..........................................................................151 Gambar 3.73. AC Sentral .................................................................................152 Gambar 3.74. AC Split ......................................................................................153 Gambar 3.75. Exhaust fan ...............................................................................153 Gambar 3.76. Tangga Darurat ........................................................................160 Gambar 3.77. Pintu Darurat .............................................................................161 Gambar 3.78. Smoke detector ........................................................................161 Gambar 3.79. APAR .........................................................................................162 Gambar 3.80. Hydrant Bangunan ...................................................................163 Gambar 3.81. Hydrant Pekarangan ...............................................................163 Gambar 3.82. Walk-Through Metal Detector ................................................164 Gambar 3.83. CCTV .........................................................................................165 Gambar 3.84. Virtual Reality ...........................................................................166 Gambar 3.85. Augmented Reality ..................................................................166 Gambar 3.86. Interactive LED Floor ...............................................................167 Gambar 3.87. Travelator ..................................................................................167 Gambar 3.88. Peta Kab. Kulon Progo ...........................................................174 Gambar 3.89. Peta Adm. Kecamatan Temon ..............................................175 Gambar 3.90. Peta Adm. Kecamatan Galur ................................................179 Gambar 3.91. Batas Tapak Alternatif A ........................................................184 Gambar 3.92. Batas Tapak Alternatif B ........................................................187 Gambar 4.1 Batas Tapak Alternatif A ...........................................................209 Gambar 5.1 Sydney Opera House .................................................................215 Gambar 5.2 Notre Dame Du Haut dan interpretasi desainnya .................216 Gambar 5.3 Museum of Fruit .........................................................................217 Gambar 5.4 Museum of Fruit plan .................................................................217 Gambar 5.5 Fruit Plaza, Museum of Fruit .....................................................219 Gambar 5.6 Tropical Green House, Museum of Fruit ................................219 Gambar 5.7 Workshop, Museum of Fruit ......................................................220 Gambar 5.8. Himpunan Elemen Segitiga .....................................................226 Gambar 5.9. Penanganan Tegangan Tekuk ................................................227 Gambar 5.10. Rangka Ruang .........................................................................227 Gambar 5.11. Mekanik space frame .............................................................228 Gambar 5.12. Bentuk Dasar Double Layer Grids .......................................229 Gambar 5.13. Multi Coloumn Support ...........................................................230 Gambar 5.14. Supporting Coloumn ...............................................................230 Gambar 5.15. Sambungan mero ...................................................................231 Gambar 5.16. Sambungan unistrud ..............................................................232 Gambar 5.17. Sambungan oktaplat ...............................................................233 Gambar 5.18. Sambungan space deck .........................................................233

xiv

Gambar 5.19. Sambungan triodietik ...............................................................234 Gambar 5.20. Khan Satyr Project ..................................................................235 Gambar 5.21. Interior Khan Satyr Project ....................................................236 Gambar 5.22. Konstruksi Tripod Khan Satyr Project ..................................237 Gambar 5.23. Konstruksi Tripod Khan Satyr Project ..................................237 Gambar 5.24. Struktur Khan Satyr Project ...................................................238 Gambar 5.25. Struktur Khan Satyr Section ...................................................238

xv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Data wisatawan di Museum PTNIAU Dirgantara Mandala ......... 2 Tabel 2.1 Jumlah kunjungan terbesar museum di DIY ............................ 18 Tabel 2.2 Alat/Prasarana ........................................................................ 35 Tabel 3.1. Kelompok Kegiatan Utama ..................................................... 53 Tabel 3.2. Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang ............................................... 55 Tabel 3.3. Kelompok Kegiatan Pengelola ................................................ 56 Tabel 3.4. Waktu Operasional Bangunan ................................................ 60 Tabel 3.5. Pelaku dan aktivitas ................................................................ 62 Tabel 3.6. Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................................... 71 Tabel 3.7. Persyaratan Ruang ................................................................. 73 Tabel 3.8. Jumlah Pelaku Pengelola ........................................................ 82 Tabel 3.9. Perhitungan Ruang Pameran .................................................. 92 Tabel 3.10. Perhitungan Ruang Pameran Alutsista ............................... 101 Tabel 3.11. Rekapitulasi Ruang Pameran Alutsista ............................... 110 Tabel 3.12. Rekapitulasi Seluruh Ruang Pameran ................................ 110 Tabel 3.13. Perhitungan Studi Besaran Ruang ..................................... 114 Tabel 3.14. Perhitungan Studi Kebutuhan Parkir .................................. 129 Tabel 3.15. Studi Sistem Struktur Bangunan ......................................... 131 Tabel 3.16. Penutup Lantai .................................................................... 131 Tabel 3.17. Dinding ................................................................................ 139 Tabel 3.18. Plafond ............................................................................... 141 Tabel 3.19. Penutup Atap ...................................................................... 142 Tabel 3.20. Statistik Kepariwisataan DIY Tahun 2016 ........................... 169 Tabel 3.21. Justifikasi Kab. Kulon Progo dan Kab. Gunung Kidul ......... 170 Tabel 3.22. Tabel Penilaian Kecamatan ................................................ 181 Tabel 3.23. Analisa Tapak A ................................................................. 185 Tabel 3.24. Analisa Tapak B ................................................................. 188 Tabel 3.25. Tabel Peniliaian Tapak ....................................................... 190 Tabel 4.1. Kelompok Kegiatan Utama ................................................... 196 Tabel 4.2. Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang ............................................. 198 Tabel 4.3. Kelompok Kegiatan Pengelola .............................................. 199 Tabel 4.4. Program Besaran Ruang ...................................................... 200 Tabel 4.5. Program Sistem Struktur & Enclosure................................... 202 Tabel 4.6. Tabel Penilaian Tapak A ...................................................... 210 Tabel 5.1. Tolok Ukur Metafora ............................................................. 216 Tabel 5.2. Sistem Struktur Bentang Lebar ............................................ 225

xvi

DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek ............................................................. 3

Bagan 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Museum Dirgantara ................................. 31

Bagan 3.1 Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung ...................................................... 58

Bagan 3.2 Pola Aktivitas Pengelola ......................................................... 59

Bagan 3.3 Pola Ruang Makro .................................................................. 77

Bagan 3.4 Pola Ruang Mikro Area Pameran Utama ................................ 78

Bagan 3.5 Pola Ruang Mikro Area Penunjang......................................... 79

Bagan 3.6 Pola Ruang Mikro Area Pengelola .......................................... 80

Bagan 3.7 Pola Ruang Mikro Area Servis ................................................ 81

Bagan 3.8 Sistem Up-feed dan down-feed ............................................ 154

Bagan 3.9 Sistem Limbah Cair .............................................................. 155

Bagan 3.10 Jaringan Air Hujan .............................................................. 156

Bagan 3.11 Jaringan Limbah Padat ....................................................... 156

Bagan 3.12 Sistem Pemadam ............................................................... 163

xvii

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 1.1 Perkembangan Wisatawan di DIY ............................................ 1

Grafik 3.1 Perkembangan Wisatawan di DIY .......................................... 83