i

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017/ 2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

REDESAIN TERMINAL BANDARA RAHADI OESMAN

KETAPANG, KALIMANTAN BARAT

Teman Desain

Arsitektur Kontekstual

Fokus Kajian

Mengoptimalkan besaran ruang dan kenyamanan sirkulasi yang efektif pada Bangunan

terminal bandara Rahadi Oesman.

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

Telis Moyo : 13.11.0094

Dosen Pembimbing :

Prof. Dr-Ing. L. M. F. Purwanto, MT

NIDN 0602066801

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR,

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG

MARET 2018

ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Projek Akhir Arsitektur

Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017/2018

Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata, Semarang

Judul : Redesain Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman, Ketapang

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontekstual

Fokus Kajian : Mengoptimalkan Besaran Ruang dan Kenyamanan

Sirkulasi yang Efektif Pada Bangunan Terminal Bandara

Rahadi Oesman

Penyusun : Telis Moyo

NIM : 13.11.0094

Pembimbing : Prof. Dr-Ing. L. M. F. Purwanto, MT

Penguji : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, ST. B. MT

Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR

MD Nestri Kiswari, ST, MSc.

Semarang, 20 Maret 2018

Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Projek Akhir Arsitektur

Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017/2018

Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata

Semarang

Judul : Redesain Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman, Ketapang

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontekstual

Fokus Kajian : Mengoptimalkan Besaran Ruang dan Kenyamanan

Sirkulasi yang Efektif Pada Bangunan Terminal Bandara

Rahadi Oesman

Penyusun : Telis Moyo

NIM : 13.11.0094

Pembimbing : Prof. Dr-Ing. L. M. F. Purwanto, MT

Penguji : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, ST. B. MT

Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR

Semarang, 20 Maret 2018

Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

Pembimbing

iv

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN

Saya yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini :

Nama : Telis Moyo

NIM : 13.11.0094

Program Studi : Arsitektur

Fakultas : Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Unika Soegijapranata

Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Proyek Akhir Arsitektur tahap landasan

Teori dan Program dengan judul : Redesain Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman

Ketapang ini benar-benar merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri, bebas dari peniruan dari

karya orang lain. Kutipan dan pendapat dan tulisan orang lai ditunjuk sesuai dengan

cara-cara penulisan karya ilmiah yang berlaku.

Apabila di kemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa dalam Proyek

Akhir Arsitektur tahap Landasan Teori dan Program ini Terkadang ciri-ciru plagiat dan

bentuk-bentuk peniruan lain yang dianggap melanggar peraturan, maka saya bersedia

menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut

v

PRAKATA

Puji dan syukur kepada Tuhan YME, karena atas rahmatnya sehingga dapat

menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 73 yang berjudul “

Redesain Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman “ ini dengan baik.

Tidak lupa juga saya ucapkan terima kasih kepada :

1. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, M.T. selaku dosen pembimbing dan

dosen koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 73,

2. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA., Ph.D selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur

dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang,

3. MD. Nestri Kiswari, S.Mc selaku ketua Jurusan Program Studi Arsitektur.

4. Prof. Dr-Ing, L.M.F. Purwanto, MT , selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah

memberikan bimbingan selama proses Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 73.

5. Bapak

6. Orang tua dan keluarga penulis yang senantiasa mendoakan keberhasilan

pembuatan Landasan Teori dan Program ini.

7. Rekan dan sahabat penulis yang telah memberikan dukungan kepada saya.

Dengan ini, saya berharap dengan disusunnya Landasan Teori dan Program ini,

dapat memberikan gambaran yang baik terhadap proyek Redesain terminal Bandara

Rahadi Oesman Ketapang. Serta diakhiri dengan ucapan terima kasih

vi

DAFTAR ISI

COVER ................................................................................................................................................i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................................................... ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .................................................................................................................. iii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ................................................................................................... iv

PRAKATA ........................................................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................................ vi

DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................................ xii

DAFTAR BAGAN .............................................................................................................................. xvi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 Gagasan Awal ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.1.2 Alasan Pemilihan Judul ......................................................................................................... 2

1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 5

1.2.1 Tujuan Pembahasan .............................................................................................................. 5

1.2.1 Sasaran Pembahasan ............................................................................................................ 5

1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan .................................................................................................................... 6

1.4 Metodologi Pembahasan .............................................................................................................. 7

1.4.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data .................................................................................................. 7

1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisis ....................................................................................... 10

1.4.3 Metoda Pemograman Arsitektur ........................................................................................ 12

1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ......................................................................................... 13

1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................................................................ 16

1.5.1 BAB I : Pendahuluan ............................................................................................................ 16

1.5.2 BAB II : Tinjauan Proyek ...................................................................................................... 17

1.5.3 BAB III : Data dan Eksisting Bandara Rahadi Oesman ......................................................... 17

1.5.4 BAB IV : Tinjauan Pustaka ................................................................................................... 17

1.5.5 BAB IV : Program Arsitektur ................................................................................................ 18

vii

1.5.6 BAB V : Kajian Teori ............................................................................................................. 18

1.5.6 KEPUSTAKAAN ..................................................................................................................... 18

1.5.7 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................................... 19

BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK ................................................................................................................. 20

2.1 Tinjauan umum ........................................................................................................................... 20

2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ................................................................................................................ 20

2.1.2 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................................................... 21

2.1.3 Sasaran yang Akan Dicapai.................................................................................................. 25

2.2 Tinjauan Khusus .......................................................................................................................... 26

2.2.1 Terminologi ......................................................................................................................... 26

2.2.2 Kegiatan Pelaku ( Pelaku, Fasilitas, dan Prasarana ) ................................................................ 27

2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persayaratan Desain ................................................................................... 45

2.2.4 Deskripsi proyek .................................................................................................................. 57

2.2.5 Permasalahan Desain ................................................................................................................ 46

2.2.6 Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggaran .................................................................................. 47

BAB III DATA DAN EXISTING BANDARA RAHADI OESMAN ................................................................. 48

3.1 Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ................................................................................................ 48

3.1.1 Lokasi Proyek ...................................................................................................................... 48

3.1.2 Data lingkungan Sekitar Tapak ............................................................................................ 53

3.2. analisis Konteks Terminal ............................................................................................................ 65

3.3. studi analisis data Terminal bandara Rahadi Oesman, Ketapang ............................................... 71

3.3.4 Studi Banding Kasus Proyek Sejenis .................................................................................... 79

BAB IV ANALISIS PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .................................................................... 93

4.1 Analisis Pendekatan Arsitektur ................................................................................................... 93

4.1.1 Studi Aktivitas dan Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................................................. 93

4.1.2 Studi Fasilitas..................................................................................................................... 119

4.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ................................................................................. 165

4.2.3 Studi Sistem Utilitas ............................................................................................................... 180

4.2.4. Studi Penerapan Teknologi ............................................................................................... 194

BAB V PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ....................................................................................................... 197

5.1 Konsep Program ........................................................................................................................ 197

viii

5.1.1 Aspek Citra ........................................................................................................................ 197

5.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................................................................ 197

5.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ................................................................................................................ 198

5.2 Tujuan, Faktor Penentu dan Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ........................................... 199

5.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan.......................................................................................................... 199

5.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ............................................................................................ 199

5.2.3 Faktor Persayaratan Perancangan .................................................................................... 201

5.3 Program Arsitektur .................................................................................................................... 202

5.3.1 Program Kegiatan .............................................................................................................. 202

5.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur dan Pelingkup ........................................................................... 209

5.3.3 Studi Sistem Utilitas ............................................................................................................... 211

5.3.3 Program Perhitungan Sistem Bangunan ........................................................................... 216

BAB VI KAJIAN TEORI ..................................................................................................................... 219

6.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan / Tema Desain .................................................................................... 219

6.1.1 Uraian Interpretasi Tema Desain ...................................................................................... 219

6.2 Studi Preseden .......................................................................................................................... 224

6.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan Desain .............................................................................................. 226

6.3 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........................................................................................ 227

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................................................... 230

ix

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2. 1 Jumlah kunjungan wisatawan di Kabupaten Ketapang ......................... 24

Tabel 2. 2 Fasilitas Utama Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman ............................... 36

Tabel 2. 3 Fasilitas penunjang Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman ........................ 37

Tabel 2. 4 Fasilitas Service Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman .............................. 38

Tabel 2. 5 Fasilitas pengelola Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman .......................... 38

Tabel 2. 6 Sarana Fasilitas Keberangkatan Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman .... 40

Tabel 2. 7 Sarana Fasilitas Kedatangan Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman ......... 41

Tabel 2. 8 Sarana Fasilitas Penunjang Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman ........... 42

Tabel 2. 9 Sarana Fasilitas service Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman ................. 43

Tabel 2. 10 Sarana Fasilitas Pengelola Terminal Bandara Rahadi Oesman ........... 44

Tabel. 3. 1 Studi bandingCurb side Keberangkatan...…………………………………80

Tabel. 3. 2. Studi Banding Area Check-in .................................................................. 82

Tabel. 3. 3. Studi banding Area Keberangkatan / Lobby Keberangkatan ............... 83

Tabel. 3. 4. Area Kedatangan / Lobby Kedatangan .................................................. 84

Tabel. 3. 5. Studi banding Curb side Kedatangan .................................................... 86

Tabel. 3. 6. Studi banding fasad bangunan ............................................................... 87

Tabel. 3. 7. Studi banding perencanaan lama dan baru ........................................... 89

Tabel 4. 1. Kebutuhan Ruang Penumpang Keberangkatan…………………………93

Tabel 4. 2. Kebutuhan Ruang Penumpang Kedatangan .......................................... 94

Tabel 4. 3. Kebutuhan Ruang Penumpang Transit ................................................... 95

x

Tabel 4. 4. Kebutuhan Ruang Penumpang keberangkatan menggunakan

kendaraan .................................................................................................................... 96

Tabel 4. 5. Kebutuhan Ruang Penumpang Kedatangan menggunakan kendaraan

...................................................................................................................................... 97

Tabel 4. 6. Kebutuhan ruang pengantar .................................................................... 98

Tabel 4. 7. Kebutuhan Ruang penjemput .................................................................. 98

Tabel 4. 8. Kebutuhan Ruang Pengelola ................................................................... 99

Tabel 4. 9. Kebutuhan Ruang khusus...................................................................... 108

Tabel 4. 10. Kebutuhan ruang bangunan terminal bandara .................................. 109

Tabel 4. 11. Studi pesyaratan ruang ........................................................................ 113

Tabel 4. 12. waktu operasional bangunan ............................................................... 118

Tabel 4. 13. Pengelola Bandara Rahadi Oesman .................................................... 119

Tabel 4. 14. jumlah penumpang di tahun 2013-2015 .............................................. 122

Tabel 4. 15. Studi besaran Ruang Menyusui ........................................................... 127

Tabel 4. 16. Studi Besaran ruang rehabilitas .......................................................... 128

Tabel 4. 17. Besaran ruang curb side keberangkatan ............................................ 129

Tabel 4. 18. Besaran ruang hall keberangkatan ..................................................... 130

Tabel 4. 19. Besaran ruang Area Check-in .............................................................. 131

Tabel 4. 20. Besaran ruang Counter Check-In ........................................................ 132

Tabel 4. 21. Besaran ruang Counter Check-In ........................................................ 133

Tabel 4. 22. Besaran ruang Curb Side Kedatangan ............................................... 134

Tabel 4. 23. Besaran ruang Hall Kedatangan .......................................................... 135

Tabel 4. 24. Besaran ruang baggage claim / pengambilan bagasi ........................ 135

xi

Tabel 4. 25. Besaran ruang pengelola ..................................................................... 136

Tabel 4. 26. Besaran Ruang Penunjang .................................................................. 141

Tabel 4. 27. Besaran ruang service ......................................................................... 146

Tabel 4. 28. Besaran Kebutuhan Luas Ruang Utama ............................................. 147

Tabel 4. 29. Besaran Kebutuhan Luas Ruang Pengelola ....................................... 149

Tabel 4. 30. Besaran Kebutuhan Luas Ruang Penunjang ..................................... 151

Tabel 4. 31. Besaran Kebutuhan Luas Ruang Service ........................................... 154

Tabel 4. 32. Luas Total Kebutuhan Bangunan ........................................................ 156

Tabel 4. 33. Kebutuhan Luas Parkiran Penumpang ............................................... 160

Tabel 4. 34. Kebutuhan Luas Ruang Utama Pengelola dan Petugas .................... 161

Tabel 4. 35. Kebutuhan Luas Parkir Total Terminal ............................................... 162

Tabel 4. 36. Analisis penutup atap ETFE ................................................................. 172

Tabel 4. 37. Analisis penutup lantai ......................................................................... 175

Tabel 4. 38. Analisis penutup plafond ..................................................................... 177

Tabel 4. 39. Analisis dinding .................................................................................... 179

xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1. Permasalahan bandara Rahadi Oesman............................................ 21

Gambar 2. 2. Penyelundupan Narkoba via cargo ..................................................... 22

Gambar 2. 3. Pembangunan terminal bandara di Indonesia ................................... 23

Gambar 2. 4. Tata ruang terminal bandara domestic ............................................... 48

Gambar 2. 5. Sirkulasi penumpang ........................................................................... 49

Gambar 2. 6. mesin X-ray scanning ........................................................................... 50

Gambar 2. 7. Hasil komputerisasi alat pemindai x-ray scanning ............................ 51

Gambar 2. 8. Gambar layar tv informasi penerbangan / kedatangan ..................... 52

Gambar 2. 9. Peta Kalimantan Barat .......................................................................... 58

Gambar 2. 10. Peta Kabupaten Ketapang ................................................................. 58

Gambar 3. 1. Gambar Satelit Bandara Rahadi Oesman Ketapang………………….48

Gambar 3. 2. Lokasi tapak ......................................................................................... 49

gambar 3. 3. Tampak Perspektif Bandara dari atas ................................................. 49

Gambar 3. 4. MasterPlan Kompleks Bandara Rahadi Oesman ............................... 52

gambar 3. 5. Ilustrasi Materplan Bandara Rahadi Oesman ..................................... 53

Gambar 3. 6. Aksesibilitas tapak ............................................................................... 54

Gambar 3. 7. Masterplan bandara Rahadi Oesman Ketapang ................................. 56

Gambar 3. 8. Apron bandara / Tempat parkir Pesawat ............................................ 57

Gambar 3. 9. Apron bandara / Tempat parkir Pesawat ............................................ 58

Gambar 3. 10. Tampak terminal ................................................................................. 59

Gambar 3. 11. Kantor BMKG tingkat III...................................................................... 59

xiii

Gambar 3. 12. Gedung Mobik Pemadan Kebakaran ................................................. 60

Gambar 3. 13. Parkiran ............................................................................................... 61

Gambar 3. 14. Kantor DisHub Kab. Ketapang ........................................................... 62

Gambar 3. 15. Masjid .................................................................................................. 63

Gambar 3. 16. Power House ....................................................................................... 63

Gambar 3. 17. Parkiran motor .................................................................................... 64

Gambar 3. 18. ATC ( Air Traffic Control ) .................................................................. 65

Gambar 3. 19. Siteplan Bandara Rahadi Oesman .................................................... 66

Gambar 3. 20. Teras / Curb Side Terminal ................................................................ 67

Gambar 3. 21. Area Check-in ...................................................................................... 68

Gambar 3. 22. Area Keberangkatan ........................................................................... 69

Gambar 3. 23. Area Kedatangan ................................................................................ 69

Gambar 3. 24. Area Cargo .......................................................................................... 70

Gambar 3. 25 .......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 3. 26. Curb side Terminal Rahadi Oesman ................................................. 80

Gambar 3. 27. Curb Side Terminal Ahmad Yani ....................................................... 80

Gambar 3. 28. Area check-in Terminal Rahadi Oesman .......................................... 82

Gambar 3. 29. Area check-in Terminal Ahmad Yani ................................................. 82

Gambar 3. 30. Area Keberangkatan Terminal Rahadi Oesman ............................... 83

Gambar 3. 31. Area Keberangkatan Terminal Ahmad Yani ..................................... 83

Gambar 3. 32. Area Kedatangan Terminal Rahadi Oesman .................................... 84

Gambar 3. 33. Area Kedatangan Terminal Ahmad Yani ........................................... 84

Gambar 3. 34. curb side kedatangan Terminal Rahadi Oesman ............................. 86

xiv

Gambar 3. 35. curb side Kedatangan terminal Ahmad Yani .................................... 86

Gambar 3. 36. fasad Terminal Rahadi Oesman ........................................................ 87

Gambar 3. 37. fasad Terminal Ahmad Yani ............................................................... 87

Gambar 4. 1. Push back car………………………………………………………………157

Gambar 4. 2. Mobil barang bagasi ........................................................................... 157

Gambar 4. 3. Mobil pemadam ................................................................................... 158

Gambar 4. 4. Mobil ambulans ................................................................................... 158

Gambar 4. 5. Space truss ......................................................................................... 166

Gambar 4. 6. Spece frame ........................................................................................ 168

Gambar 4. 7. folded plate .......................................................................................... 169

Gambar 4. 8. Kolom struktur .................................................................................... 170

Gambar 4. 9. Sistem konstruksi sarang laba-laba .................................................. 171

Gambar 4. 10. ETFE .................................................................................................. 172

Gambar 4. 11. Spandek ............................................................................................. 174

Gambar 4. 12. Kramik ............................................................................................... 175

Gambar 4. 13. Parquet .............................................................................................. 176

Gambar 4. 14. GRC Borad ........................................................................................ 177

Gambar 4. 15. PVC Plafond ...................................................................................... 178

Gambar 4. 16. Partisi dinding Kaca ......................................................................... 179

Gambar 4. 17. Bata ringan ........................................................................................ 180

Gambar 4. 18. AC split .............................................................................................. 181

Gambar 4. 19. Ac split standing ............................................................................... 182

Gambar 4. 20. Smoke detector ................................................................................. 189

xv

Gambar 4. 21. Springkler .......................................................................................... 190

Gambar 4. 22. Fire hydrant ....................................................................................... 190

Gambar 4. 23. Kamera CCTV .................................................................................... 191

Gambar 4. 24. ID card ............................................................................................... 192

Gambar 4. 25. Anjing pelacak .................................................................................. 193

Gambar 4. 26. Mesin Strapping ................................................................................ 193

Gambar 4. 27. Mesin pembungkus .......................................................................... 194

Gambar 4. 28. Potongan bandara Carassco International Airport, Uruguai ........ 195

Gambar 4. 29. Interior bandara Carassco International Airport, Uruguai ............. 195

Gambar 4. 30. Pro Vision ATD Body Scanning ....................................................... 196

Gambar 6. 1. Carassco Internatonal Airport, Uruguay………...…………………... 225

gambar 6. 2. Mali Airport, Alor, NTT ....................................................................... 226

xvi

DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 1. 2. Lingkup Permasalahan Proyek ............................................................... 6

Bagan 1. 3. Bagan Penyusunan dan Analisis Data ................................................. 11

Bagan 4. 1.Pola aktivitas penumpang keberangkatan ………………………………114

Bagan 4. 2. Pola Aktivitas Penumpang Kedatangan ............................................. 114

Bagan 4. 3. Pola Aktivitas Penumpang Kedatangan ............................................. 115

Bagan 4. 4. Pola Aktivitas Penumpang Kedatangan ............................................. 115

Bagan 4. 5. Pola Aktivitas Penumpang Keberangkatan menggunakan kedaraan

sendiri ....................................................................................................................... 116

Bagan 4. 6. Pola Aktivitas penjemput ..................................................................... 116

Bagan 4. 7. Pola Aktivitas pengantar ...................................................................... 117

Bagan 4. 8. Pola Aktivitas Penumpang Kedatangan ............................................. 117

Bagan 4. 9. Sistem Penghawaan Buatan ................................................................ 183

Bagan 4. 10. Sistem Up Feed System ..................................................................... 185

Bagan 4. 11. Sistem Down Feed System ................................................................ 185

Bagan 4. 12. Sistem Elektrikal ................................................................................. 186

Bagan 4. 13. sistem Grey Water ............................................................................... 187

Bagan 4. 14. Sistem limbah padat .......................................................................... 187