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PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017/ 2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN WANITA KELAS II A

( SEMARANG )

Teman Desain Smart Building

Fokus Kajian

Penerapan Teknologi Bangunan Pintar Pada Bangunan Lapas

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagai Persyaratan Memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

Satria Pamungkas 13.11.0056

Dosen Pembimbing : Ir. Edy Prawoto. M,T NIDN : 0024105601

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA April 2018

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DAFTAR ISI

JUDUL ....................................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... ii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ........................................................................ iv

PRAKATA ................................................................................................. v

DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. vi

DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ x

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR BAGAN ....................................................................................... xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ............................................................................. 1

1. 1. 1 Gagasan Awal ................................................................... 1

1. 1. 2 Alasan Pemilihan Judul ..................................................... 6

1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ............................................... 7

1. 2. 1 Tujuan Pembahasan ......................................................... 7

1. 2. 2 Sasaran Pembahasan ..................................................... 8

1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan .................................................................. 9

1.4. Metode Pembahasan ................................................................... 9

1. 4. 1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data .............................................. 9

1. 4. 2 Metoda Penyususnan dan Analisis .................................. 10

1. 4. 3 Metoda Pemograman Arsitektur ...................................... 11

1. 4. 4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ...................................... 13

1. 4. 5 Pengembangan Desain ................................................... 14

1. 4. 6 Penyempurnaan Desain .................................................. 14

1.5. Metode Pembahasan ................................................................... 14

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BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK .................................................................... 17

2.1. Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................. 17

2. 1. 1 Gambaran Umum .............................................................. 17

2. 1. 2. Latar Belakang – Perkembangan - Trend ......................... 19

2. 1. 3. Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai .............................................. 21

2.2. Tinjauan Khusus .......................................................................... 22

2. 2. 1. Terminologi ........................................................................ 22

2. 2. 2. Tinjauan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Wanita Kelas IIA Semarang 23

2. 2. 3. Studi Banding Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA ............................. 23

BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................ 30

3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ...................................................... 30

3. 1. 1. Studi Aktivitas dan Arsitektur ............................................ 30

3. 1. 2. Studi Fasilitas ................................................................... 56

3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ......................................... 71

3. 2. 1. Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ................................ 71

3. 2. 2. Kendaraan dan Batas Kendaraan Lapas .......................... 81

3. 2. 3. Studi Sistem Utilitas .......................................................... 82

3. 2. 4. Studi Penerapan Teknologi .............................................. 99

3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan .................................... 103

3. 3. 1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi .................................................. 103

BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .......................................................... 113

4.1. Konsep Program ......................................................................... 113

4. 1. 1. Aspek Citra ....................................................................... 113

4. 1. 2. Aspek Fungsi .................................................................... 113

4. 1. 3. Aspek Teknologi ................................................................ 114

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4.2. Tujuan Faktor Penentu dan Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan 114

4. 2. 1. Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................ 114

4. 2. 2. Faktor Perancangan ........................................................ 115

4. 2. 3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ..................................... 116

4. 3. Program Arsitektur ...................................................................... 118

4. 3. 1. Program Kegiatan ............................................................. 118

4. 3. 2. Program Sistem Struktur dan Pelingkup ........................... 122

4. 3. 3. Program Sistem Utilitas .................................................... 126

4. 3. 4. Program Lokasi dan Tapak ............................................... 128

BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ............................................................................. 135

5. 1. Kajian Teori Penekanan / Tema Desain ..................................... 135

5. 1. 1. Uraian Interprestasi Desain .............................................. 135

5. 1. 2. Studi Preseden ................................................................. 136

5. 1. 3. Kemungkinan Impletasi Teori Tema Desain .................... 137

5. 2. Kajian Permasalahan Dominan .................................................... 138

5. 2. 1. Uraian Interprestasi dan Elaborasi Permasalahan Dominan

...................................................................................................... 139

5. 2. 2. Studi Preseden ................................................................. 140

5. 2. 3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan 141

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................. 142

LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................... 143

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Data Kependudukan di Jawa Tengah ................................ 20

Tabel 2. Jenis Kapasitas dan Peletakan Lapas ............................... 23

Tabel 3. Data Tahun 2014 Jumlah Tahanan Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA Semarang

............................................................................................................. 27

Tabel 4 Data Tahun 2015 Jumlah Tahanan Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA Semarang

............................................................................................................. 28

Tabel 5 Data Tahun 2016 Jumlah Tahanan Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA Semarang

............................................................................................................. 28

Tabel 6 Data Tahun 2017 Jumlah Tahahan Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA Semarang

............................................................................................................. 29

Tabel 7 Pengguna Utama .................................................................. 30

Tabel 8 Servis Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA Semarang .......................... 32

Tabel 9 Pengunjung Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA Semarang ................. 32

Tabel 10 Pengelola Lapas ................................................................. 33

Tabel 11 Ruang – Ruang Lapas ......................................................... 35

Tabel 12 Persyaratan Gedung Perkantoran Lapas ............................ 39

Tabel 13 Peryaratan Blok Hunian Lapas ............................................ 40 Tabel

14 Persyaratan Aula Makan ................................................................. 41

Tabel 15 Persyaratan Gedung Kerja Para Tahanan.......................... 42

Tabel 16 Persyaratan Gedung Kesehatan / Puskesmas ................... 42

Tabel 17 Persyaratan Gedung Ibadah ............................................... 43

Tabel 18 Persyaratan Gedung Keamanan ........................................ 44

Tabel 19 Persyaratan Aula Utama ..................................................... 44

Tabel 20 Persyaratan Gedung Pengelola Pengunjung ..................... 45

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Tabel 21 Waktu Oprasional Bangunan .............................................. 54

Tabel 22 Pelakau Bangunan Lapas ................................................... 56

Tabel 23 Besaran Ruang Khusus ...................................................... 58

Tabel 24 Data Privat, Publik dan Servis ............................................ 61

Tabel 25 Perhitungan Kebutuhan Luas Lapas .................................. 65

Tabel 26 Data Kendaraan Pengelola Bangunan .............................. 66

Tabel 27 Perhitungan Pengendara Motor dan Mobil Pengelola ........ 66

Tabel 28 Pengguna Kendaran Pengunjung ...................................... 68

Tabel 29 Perhitungan Pengendara Mobil dan Motor Pengunjung .... 68

Tabel 30 Standart Pencahayaan Lux ............................................... 82

Tabel 31 Perhitungan Daya dan Kebutuhan Lampu ........................ 83

Tabel 32 Standart Daya Listrik AC .................................................. 89

Tabel 33 Perhitungan Listrik AC dan Kebutuhan AC ....................... 90

Tabel 34 Standart Kegunaan Air ..................................................... 94

Tabel 35 Perhitungan Kegunaan Air ................................................ 94

Tabel 36 Jenis Kapasitas dan Peletakan Lapas .............................. 102

Tabel 37 Daftar Kelurahan Kec, Ungaran Timur................................ 104

Tabel 38 Daftar Kelurahan Kec, Tembalang .................................... 106

Tabel 39 Daftar Kelurahan Kec, Tembalang ..................................... 108

Tabel 40 Pengguna Bangunan ......................................................... 115

Tabel 41 Jumlah Kebutuhan Luas Lapas .......................................... 118

Tabel 42 Jumlah Kapasitas Luas Parkir ............................................ 118

Tabel 43 Perhitungan Kebutuhan Tapak ........................................... 119

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Kondisi Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA ..................................... 24

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Gambar 2. Kondisi Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA ..................................... 24

Gambar 3. Denah Hunian Lapas ....................................................... 57

Gambar 4. Blok Hunian Lapas Teroris ............................................. 58

Gambar 5. Blok Hunian Lapas ......................................................... 58

Gambar 6. Tempat Kunjungan ......................................................... 59

Gambar 7. Atap Baja Ringan ............................................................ 71

Gambar 8. Atap Beton ....................................................................... 72

Gambar 9. Struktur Kolom .................................................................. 72

Gambar 10. Pondasi Foot Plat dan Pondasi Lajur ............................. 73

Gambar 11. Atap Dak Beton ............................................................. 74

Gambar 12. Penutup Atap Alumunium .............................................. 74

Gambar 13. Genteng Tanah Liat ....................................................... 75

Gambar 14. Plafond Gypsum Board ................................................. 75

Gambar 15. Dinding Beton ................................................................ 76

Gambar 16. Batu Bata Merah ........................................................... 77

Gambar 18. Lantai Keramik .............................................................. 77

Gambar 19. Lantai Kayu ................................................................... 78

Gambar 20. Pintu Berkawat .............................................................. 78

Gambar 21. Pager Berkawat ............................................................. 79

Gambar 22. Kawat Berduri ................................................................ 79

Gambar 23. Free Area ...................................................................... 80

Gambar 24. Jeruji Lapas ................................................................... 80

Gambar 25. Batas – Batas Keamanan dan Kendaraan .................... 81

Gambar 26. Mini Bus ......................................................................... 81

Gambar 27. Kaca Tempered Glass ................................................... 82

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Gambar 28. Lampu LED ................................................................... 82

Gambar 29. AC Split ......................................................................... 89

Gambar 30. Down Feed .................................................................... 94

Gambar 31. Fardy Cage .................................................................... 96

Gambar 32. Smoke Detektor ............................................................. 97

Gambar 33. Springkler ...................................................................... 97

Gambar 34. Kamera Cctv .................................................................. 98

Gambar 35. Door Access System ..................................................... 98

Gambar 36. Kamera Cctv dan Ruangan Cctv ................................... 99

Gambar 37. Door Acces System Id Card .......................................... 99

Gambar 38. Touchscreen Informasi ................................................... 100

Gambar 39. Door Access ................................................................... 100

Gambar 40. Light Management System ............................................ 101

Gambar 41. Genset Management System ........................................ 101

Gambar 42. Metal Detector Gete Security System ............................ 102

Gambar 43. Security Scanner Detector X ray ................................... 102

Gambar 44. Kab. Semarang, Ungaran ............................................. 104

Gambar 45. Kab. Semarang, Ungaran Timur .................................... 105

Gambar 46. Tembalang, Kedung Mundu ......................................... 107

Gambar 47. Peta BWK Kota Semarang ............................................ 108

Gambar 48. Pedurungan, Kelipang ................................................... 110

Gambar 49. Peta BWK Kota Semarang ............................................ 110

Gambar 50. Atap Baja Ringan ........................................................... 121

Gambar 51. Atap Dak Beton .............................................................. 122

Gambar 52. Struktur Kolom ................................................................ 123

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Gambar 53. Pondasi Foot Plat dan Pondasi Lajur ............................. 124

Gambar 54. Kab. Semarang, Ungaran Timur ..................................... 128

Gambar 55. Data Tapak ..................................................................... 129

Gambar 56. Jarak Kantor Polres Kab. Semarang .............................. 131

Gambar 57. Jarak Kantor Polsek Ungaran ........................................ 131

Gambar 58. Jarak Kantor Koramil Ungaran ...................................... 132

Gambar 59. Jarak Kantor Pengadilan Ungaran ................................ 132

Gambar 60. Santa Rita Jail ................................................................ 135

Gambar 61. Sistem Kemanana Dan Teknologi Santa Rita Jail .......... 136

Gambar 62. Smart Building ............................................................... 139

Gambar 63. Santa Rita Jail ................................................................ 140

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DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 1. Lingkup Pembahasan Proyek .......................................... 9

Bagan 2. Penyusunan dan Analisa Data ......................................... 11

Bagan 3. Proses Perancangan Arsitektur ....................................... 14

Bagan 4. Struktur Organisasi Lapas Wanita .................................. 25

Bagan 5. Visi & Misi Lapas Wanita Kelas IIA Semarang ................. 25

Bagan 6. Pesyaratan Ruang Pola Aktivitas ....................................... 46

Bagan 7. Pola Aktivitas Blok Hunian dan Aulas Makan ..................... 47

Bagan 8. Pola Aktivitas Gedung Kerja dan Gedung Kesehatan ........ 48

Bagan 9. Pola Aktivitas Gedung Musholla ........................................ 49

Bagan 10. Pola Aktivitas Gedung Kapel dan Keamanan .................... 50

Bagan 11. Pola Aktivitas Menara Keamanan dan Aula Utama .......... 51

Bagan 12. Pola Aktivitas Gedung Pengunjung ................................... 52

Bagan 13. Makro Fasilitas Penunjang ................................................ 53

Bagan 14. Mikro Area Pengelola ........................................................ 53

Bagan 15. Mikro Area Servis .............................................................. 54