LANDAS KONTINEN - equality before the law... · PDF fileyang terjadi pada instalasi landas...

7
1 LANDAS KONTINEN LANDAS KONTINEN Iman Iman Prihandono Prihandono, , SH., MH., LL.M SH., MH., LL.M Departemen Departemen Hukum Hukum Internasional Internasional Fakultas Fakultas Hukum Hukum Universitas Universitas Airlangga Airlangga E-Mail: Mail: [email protected] [email protected] Blog Blog: : imanprihandono.wordpress.com imanprihandono.wordpress.com Truman Proclamation 1945 Truman Proclamation 1945 The Government of the United States The Government of the United States regards the natural resources of the regards the natural resources of the subsoil and seabed of the continental shelf subsoil and seabed of the continental shelf beneath the high seas but beneath the high seas but contiguous contiguous to to the coast of the United States as the coast of the United States as appertaining to the United States, subject appertaining to the United States, subject to its to its jurisdiction and control jurisdiction and control . . Continental Shelf Convention 1958 Continental Shelf Convention 1958 “… “… sovereign rights sovereign rights for the purpose of for the purpose of exploring and exploiting the resources of exploring and exploiting the resources of the continental shelf the continental shelf” (CSC Art. 2) (CSC Art. 2) North Sea Continental Shelf Case North Sea Continental Shelf Case ICJ 1969: ICJ 1969: The rights of the coastal States in respect The rights of the coastal States in respect of the area of continental shelf that of the area of continental shelf that constitutes a natural constitutes a natural prolongation prolongation of its of its land territory land territory… and as an extension of it in and as an extension of it in an exercise of an exercise of sovereign rights sovereign rights for the for the purpose of exploring the seabed and purpose of exploring the seabed and exploiting its natural resources. In short exploiting its natural resources. In short there is here an there is here an inherent right inherent right . .

Transcript of LANDAS KONTINEN - equality before the law... · PDF fileyang terjadi pada instalasi landas...

Page 1: LANDAS KONTINEN - equality before the law... · PDF fileyang terjadi pada instalasi landas kontinen ... 2500 Meter Di Bawah Permukaan Air Laut: Landas Kontinen / Seabed / Dasar Laut

1

LANDAS KONTINENLANDAS KONTINEN

ImanIman PrihandonoPrihandono, , SH., MH., LL.MSH., MH., LL.MDepartemenDepartemen HukumHukum InternasionalInternasionalFakultasFakultas HukumHukum UniversitasUniversitas AirlanggaAirlanggaEE--Mail: Mail: [email protected]@unair.ac.idBlogBlog: : imanprihandono.wordpress.comimanprihandono.wordpress.com

Truman Proclamation 1945Truman Proclamation 1945

““The Government of the United States The Government of the United States regards the natural resources of the regards the natural resources of the subsoil and seabed of the continental shelf subsoil and seabed of the continental shelf beneath the high seas but beneath the high seas but contiguouscontiguous to to the coast of the United States as the coast of the United States as appertaining to the United States, subject appertaining to the United States, subject to its to its jurisdiction and controljurisdiction and control””. .

Continental Shelf Convention 1958Continental Shelf Convention 1958

“…“… sovereign rightssovereign rights for the purpose of for the purpose of exploring and exploiting the resources of exploring and exploiting the resources of the continental shelfthe continental shelf”” (CSC Art. 2) (CSC Art. 2)

North Sea Continental Shelf CaseNorth Sea Continental Shelf Case

ICJ 1969:ICJ 1969:

““The rights of the coastal States in respect The rights of the coastal States in respect of the area of continental shelf that of the area of continental shelf that constitutes a natural constitutes a natural prolongationprolongation of its of its land territoryland territory…… and as an extension of it in and as an extension of it in an exercise of an exercise of sovereign rightssovereign rights for the for the purpose of exploring the seabed and purpose of exploring the seabed and exploiting its natural resources. In short exploiting its natural resources. In short there is here an there is here an inherent rightinherent right””. .

Page 2: LANDAS KONTINEN - equality before the law... · PDF fileyang terjadi pada instalasi landas kontinen ... 2500 Meter Di Bawah Permukaan Air Laut: Landas Kontinen / Seabed / Dasar Laut

2

Libya/Malta Continental Shelf CaseLibya/Malta Continental Shelf Case

ICJ 1985:ICJ 1985:

“…“…there can be a continental shelf without there can be a continental shelf without EEZ but there cannot be an EEZ without a EEZ but there cannot be an EEZ without a continental shelf.continental shelf.””

DefinisiDefinisi: CSC 1958: CSC 1958

““The sea bed and subsoil of the submarine The sea bed and subsoil of the submarine areas adjacent to the coast but outside the areas adjacent to the coast but outside the area of the territorial sea, area of the territorial sea, to a depth of to a depth of 200 meters200 meters or, beyond that limit, to where or, beyond that limit, to where the depth of the superjacent waters admits the depth of the superjacent waters admits of the exploitation of the natural resources of the exploitation of the natural resources of the said areasof the said areas…”…”. (CSC Art. 1). (CSC Art. 1)

DefinisiDefinisi: LOSC 1982: LOSC 1982

“…“… comprises the seacomprises the sea--bed and subsoil of bed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the its territorial sea throughout the natural natural prolongationprolongation of its land territory of its land territory to the to the outer edge of the continental marginouter edge of the continental margin, or , or to a distance of 200 nautical milesto a distance of 200 nautical miles from from the baselines from which the breadth of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the the territorial sea is measured where the outer edgeouter edge of the of the continental margincontinental margindoes not extend up to that distancedoes not extend up to that distance””. (Art . (Art 76(1)) 76(1))

PerbedaanPerbedaan CSC CSC dandan LOSC:LOSC:

CSCCSC 1958 1958 menggunakanmenggunakan kriteriakriteriaKEDALAMAN 200 meter.KEDALAMAN 200 meter.

LOSCLOSC 1982 1982 menggunakanmenggunakan kriteriakriteria JARAK.JARAK.

LandasLandas kontinenkontinen bukanbukan hanyahanyamerupakanmerupakan fenomenafenomena geografisgeografis dandangeologisgeologis, , tetapitetapi jugajuga merupakanmerupakanfenomenafenomena ekonomiekonomi karenakarena kekayaankekayaanalamalam yang yang terkandungterkandung didi dalamnyadalamnya

PerbedaanPerbedaan PengertianPengertian::

GeologisGeologis: : mulaimulai tepitepi pantaipantai..

HukumHukum: : setelahsetelah lautlaut teritorialteritorial..

GeologisGeologis: : sampaisampai lautlaut menurunmenurun secarasecaratajamtajam ((kirakira--kirakira 200 meter).200 meter).

HukumHukum: : 200 meter 200 meter atauatau lebihlebih..

Page 3: LANDAS KONTINEN - equality before the law... · PDF fileyang terjadi pada instalasi landas kontinen ... 2500 Meter Di Bawah Permukaan Air Laut: Landas Kontinen / Seabed / Dasar Laut

3

DefinisiDefinisi GeografisGeografis

DasarDasar lautlaut dibagidibagi menjadimenjadi 2 2 bagianbagian, , yaituyaitutepiantepian kontinenkontinen ((continental margincontinental margin) ) dandandasardasar lautlaut dalamdalam ((deep ocean floordeep ocean floor););

TepianTepian kontinenkontinen merupakanmerupakan lanjutanlanjutandaratandaratan yang yang secarasecara bertingkatbertingkat menurunmenurunsampaisampai mencapaimencapai dasardasar lautlaut dalamdalam;;

LebarLebar LandasLandas KontinenKontinen::

To a distance of 200 nautical miles from To a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselinesthe baselines…… where the outer edge of where the outer edge of the the continental margincontinental margin does not extend does not extend up to that distance (LOSC 76(1));up to that distance (LOSC 76(1));

To the outer edge of the continental To the outer edge of the continental margin (LOSC 76(1)); margin (LOSC 76(1)); ……Shall not exceed Shall not exceed 350 nautical miles from the baselines from 350 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured or shall not exceed 100 nautical measured or shall not exceed 100 nautical miles from the 2,500 miles from the 2,500 metremetre isobathisobath (LOSC (LOSC 76(5)); 76(5));

Continental Margin:Continental Margin: Continental Margin:Continental Margin:

““The continental margin comprises the The continental margin comprises the submerged prolongation of the land mass submerged prolongation of the land mass of the coastal State, and consists of the of the coastal State, and consists of the seasea--bed and subsoil of the shelf the bed and subsoil of the shelf the slopeslopeand the and the riserise. It does not include the . It does not include the deep deep ocean floorocean floor with its oceanic ridges or the with its oceanic ridges or the subsoil thereof (LOSC 76(3)). subsoil thereof (LOSC 76(3)).

HakHak Negara Negara PantaiPantai:: “…“…sovereign rights for the purpose of sovereign rights for the purpose of

exploring it and exploiting its natural exploring it and exploiting its natural resourcesresources…… consist of the mineral and consist of the mineral and other nonother non--living resources of the sealiving resources of the sea--bed bed and subsoil together with living organisms and subsoil together with living organisms belonging to sedentary speciesbelonging to sedentary species…”…” (LOSC (LOSC Art. 77(1) (4));Art. 77(1) (4));

“…“…exclusive right to exclusive right to authorize and authorize and regulateregulate drilling on the continental shelf drilling on the continental shelf for all purposes.for all purposes.”” (LOSC Art. 81);(LOSC Art. 81);

KewajibanKewajiban Negara Negara PantaiPantai::

The exercise of the rights of the coastal The exercise of the rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf State over the continental shelf must not must not infringe or result in any unjustifiable infringe or result in any unjustifiable interference with navigation and other interference with navigation and other rights and freedoms of other States as rights and freedoms of other States as provided for in this Convention (LOSC Art provided for in this Convention (LOSC Art 78).78).Article 60 applies mutatis mutandis to Article 60 applies mutatis mutandis to artificial islands, installations and artificial islands, installations and structures on the continental shelf (LOSC structures on the continental shelf (LOSC Art 80). Art 80).

Page 4: LANDAS KONTINEN - equality before the law... · PDF fileyang terjadi pada instalasi landas kontinen ... 2500 Meter Di Bawah Permukaan Air Laut: Landas Kontinen / Seabed / Dasar Laut

4

DiluarDiluar 200 Miles200 Miles

The coastal State shall make payments or The coastal State shall make payments or contributions in kind in respect of the contributions in kind in respect of the exploitation of the nonexploitation of the non--living resources of living resources of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured breadth of the territorial sea is measured (LOSC Art. 82) (LOSC Art. 82)

GARIS BATAS ZEE GARIS BATAS ZEE (PS. 74)(PS. 74) dandanLANDAS KONTINEN LANDAS KONTINEN (PS. 83)(PS. 83) ANTARA ANTARA NEGARANEGARA--NEGARA YANG LETAKNYA NEGARA YANG LETAKNYA

BERHADAPAN ATAU BERDAMPINGANBERHADAPAN ATAU BERDAMPINGAN

HarusHarus diadakandiadakan dengandengan persetujuanpersetujuan ::-- berdasarkanberdasarkan hukumhukum internasionalinternasional;;-- untukuntuk mencapaimencapai solusisolusi yang yang adiladilApabilaApabila tidaktidak dapatdapat dicapaidicapai persetujuanpersetujuan ……menggunakanmenggunakan prosedurprosedur dalamdalam BagianBagian XVXV

SambilSambil menunggumenunggu persetujuanpersetujuan ……-- harusharus melakukanmelakukan usahausaha keke araharahpengaturanpengaturan sementarasementara

-- yang yang bersifatbersifat praktispraktis

RIRI--VIETNAMVIETNAM

14. 14. GarisGaris Batas Batas LandasLandas KontinenKontinen didi UtaraUtara P. P. NatunaNatuna, 2004, 2004

KeppresKeppres No. 24 No. 24 thth. 1978. 1978RIRI--INDIAINDIA--THAILANDTHAILAND13. 13. TrijunctionTrijunction Point Point dandan GarisGaris Batas Batas daridari GarisGaris--garisgaris Batas Batas

TertentuTertentu didi LautLaut Andaman, 22 Andaman, 22 JuniJuni 19781978

KeppresKeppres No. 51 No. 51 thth. 1974. 1974

KeppresKeppres No. 26 No. 26 thth. 1977. 1977

RIRI--INDIAINDIA

11, 11, GarisGaris Batas Batas LandasLandas KontinenKontinen, 8 , 8 AgustusAgustus 19741974

12. 12. PerpanjanganPerpanjangan GarisGaris Batas Batas LandasLandas KontinenKontinen 1974, 14 1974, 14 JanuariJanuari 19771977

KeppresKeppres No. 21 No. 21 thth. 1972. 1972

KeppresKeppres No. 1 No. 1 thth. 1977. 1977

RIRI--THAILANDTHAILAND9. 9. LandasLandas KontinenKontinen didi BagianBagian UtaraUtara SelatSelat MalakaMalaka dandan didi LautLaut

Andaman, 17 Andaman, 17 DesemberDesember 1971197110. 10. DasarDasar LautLaut didi LautLaut Andaman, 11 Andaman, 11 DesemberDesember 19751975

KeppresKeppres No. 20 No. 20 thth. 1972. 1972

RIRI--MAYASIAMAYASIA--THAILANDTHAILAND8. 8. LandasLandas KontinenKontinen didi BagianBagian UtaraUtara SelatSelat MalakaMalaka ((jugajuga dengandengan

Thailand), 21 December 1971Thailand), 21 December 1971

KeppresKeppres No. 42 No. 42 thth. 1971. 1971

KeppresKeppres No. 66 No. 66 thth. 1972. 1972

UU No. 6 UU No. 6 thth. 1973. 1973BelumBelum diratifikasidiratifikasi

RIRI--AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA4. 4. DasarDasar LautLaut TertentuTertentu, 18 , 18 MeiMei 197119715. 5. DasarDasar LautLaut TertentuTertentu didi WilayahWilayah LautLaut Timor Timor dandan ArafuraArafura, ,

TambahanTambahan terhadapterhadap PersetujuanPersetujuan tanggaltanggal 18 18 MeiMei 197119716. 6. GarisGaris--garisgaris Batas Batas TertentuTertentu antaraantara Indonesia Indonesia dandan Papua Papua NuginiNugini, ,

12 12 FebruariFebruari 197319737. ZEE 7. ZEE dandan DasarDasar LautLaut TertentuTertentu, 14 , 14 MaretMaret 19971997

UU No. 7 UU No. 7 thth. 1973. 1973RIRI--SINGAPURA SINGAPURA

3. 3. LautLaut TeritorialTeritorial didi SelatSelat SingapuraSingapura, 25 , 25 MeiMei 19731973

KeppresKeppres No. 89 No. 89 thth. 1969. 1969UU No. 2 UU No. 2 thth. 1970. 1970

RIRI--MALAYSIA MALAYSIA 1. 1. LandasLandas KontinenKontinen , 27 , 27 OtoberOtober 196919692. 2. LautLaut TeritorialTeritorial didi SelatSelat MalakaMalaka, 17 , 17 MaretMaret 1970 1970

PERJANJIAN GARIS BATAS LAUT DENGAN NEGARA2 TETANGGAPERJANJIAN GARIS BATAS LAUT DENGAN NEGARA2 TETANGGA

LANDAS KONTINEN INDONESIALANDAS KONTINEN INDONESIA

DiaturDiatur dalamdalam UndangUndang--UndangUndang NomorNomor 1 1 TahunTahun 1973 ( 6 1973 ( 6 JanuariJanuari 1973)1973)

EksplorasiEksplorasi dandan eksploitasieksploitasi harusharus seijinseijinpemerintahpemerintah ((PasalPasal 4, 6 ).4, 6 ).

YurisdiksiYurisdiksi terhadapterhadap kegiatankegiatan dandan peristiwaperistiwayang yang terjaditerjadi padapada instalasiinstalasi landaslandas kontinenkontinenberlakuberlaku hukumhukum Indonesia ( Indonesia ( PasalPasal 9).9).

LANDAS KONTINEN INDONESIALANDAS KONTINEN INDONESIA

MencegahMencegah terjadinyaterjadinya pencemaranpencemaran didi LK (LK (PslPsl. 8). 8)

KegiatanKegiatan didi LK, LK, diharapkandiharapkan dapatdapat melindungimelindungikepentingankepentingan--kepentingankepentingan negaranegara pantaipantai, , sepertisepertipertahananpertahanan dandan keamanankeamanan, , perhubunganperhubungan, , telekomunikasitelekomunikasi, , perikananperikanan, , kegiatankegiatan penelitianpenelitianoceanografioceanografi, , cagarcagar alamalam ((PslPsl. 10). 10)

KetentuanKetentuan pidanapidana ((PslPsl. 11). 11)

ContohContoh kasuskasus

Timor Gap (IndonesiaTimor Gap (Indonesia--Australia)Australia)

NatunaNatuna (Indonesia(Indonesia--Vietnam)Vietnam)

AmbalatAmbalat (Indonesia(Indonesia--Malaysia)Malaysia)

Page 5: LANDAS KONTINEN - equality before the law... · PDF fileyang terjadi pada instalasi landas kontinen ... 2500 Meter Di Bawah Permukaan Air Laut: Landas Kontinen / Seabed / Dasar Laut

5

Timor GapTimor Gap

AntaraAntara Indonesia Indonesia –– AustraliaAustralia

Australia Australia teoriteori natural prolongationnatural prolongation

Indonesia Indonesia median linemedian line

TahunTahun 1984 : 1984 : dibentukdibentuk Joint Development ZoneJoint Development Zone

TahunTahun 1988 : 1988 : dibentukdibentuk Zone of CooperationZone of Cooperation

-- daerahdaerah A A daerahdaerah tumpangtumpang tindihtindih, , dibentukdibentuk

DewanDewan MenteriMenteri dandan OtoritaOtorita BersamaBersama

-- daerahdaerah B B milikmilik AustraliaAustralia

-- daerahdaerah C C dikerjakandikerjakan oleholeh Indonesia Indonesia

Tahun 1988 : dibentukZone of Cooperation- daerah A daerah

tumpang tindih, dibentukDewan Menteri danOtorita Bersama

- daerah B milikAustralia

- daerah C dikerjakanoleh Indonesia

Indonesia Indonesia median linemedian line

Vietnam Vietnam

-- prinsipprinsip thalwegthalweg..

-- harmonized lineharmonized line

(1978).(1978).

Indonesia Indonesia –– Vietnam Vietnam didi NatunaNatuna

Indonesia Indonesia median linemedian line

Vietnam Vietnam -- prinsipprinsip thalwegthalweg

-- harmonized line (1978)harmonized line (1978)

Page 6: LANDAS KONTINEN - equality before the law... · PDF fileyang terjadi pada instalasi landas kontinen ... 2500 Meter Di Bawah Permukaan Air Laut: Landas Kontinen / Seabed / Dasar Laut

6

Apa Dan Dimana: AmbalatApa Dan Dimana: Ambalat

Ambalat BUKAN Pulau atau Kepulauan Ambalat BUKAN Pulau atau Kepulauan

Ambalat ADALAH Nama Referensi Lokasi Kegiatan Ambalat ADALAH Nama Referensi Lokasi Kegiatan Eksplorasi Migas Eksplorasi Migas

Lokasi Kegiatan Eksplorasi Migas Yang Terletak Lokasi Kegiatan Eksplorasi Migas Yang Terletak 2500 Meter2500 Meter Di Bawah Permukaan Air Laut: Di Bawah Permukaan Air Laut: Landas Landas Kontinen / Seabed / Dasar LautKontinen / Seabed / Dasar Laut

RejimRejim Hukum Landas Hukum Landas Kontinen Kontinen AmbalatAmbalat

Lokasi Landas Kontinen Ambalat Adalah Di Luar 12 Lokasi Landas Kontinen Ambalat Adalah Di Luar 12 Mil Laut. Di Luar KEDAULATAN IndonesiaMil Laut. Di Luar KEDAULATAN Indonesia

Rejim Hukum Landas Kontinen ADALAH Rejim Hukum Landas Kontinen ADALAH

YURISDIKSI ATAU HAK BERDAULATYURISDIKSI ATAU HAK BERDAULAT ((BUKANBUKANHAK KEDAULATAN)HAK KEDAULATAN)

Dasar Hukum Landas Kontinen DIATUR DLM Dasar Hukum Landas Kontinen DIATUR DLM Pasal 76 dan 77 Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982Pasal 76 dan 77 Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982

Yurisdiksi Atau Hak Berdaulat Indonesia Di Yurisdiksi Atau Hak Berdaulat Indonesia Di Landas Kontinen Ambalat ADALAH Landas Kontinen Ambalat ADALAH TERBATAS DAN TIDAK MUTLAKTERBATAS DAN TIDAK MUTLAK

HakHak--Hak Asing HARUS Dihormati Hak Asing HARUS Dihormati

Yurisdiksi Atau Hak Berdaulat Indonesia Di Yurisdiksi Atau Hak Berdaulat Indonesia Di Landas Kontinen TERBATAS HANYA Landas Kontinen TERBATAS HANYA UNTUK HAK PENGELOLAAN BERUPA HAK UNTUK HAK PENGELOLAAN BERUPA HAK EKSPLORASI DAN EKSPLOITASI MIGAS DI EKSPLORASI DAN EKSPLOITASI MIGAS DI DASAR LAUT DAN ISI PERUT DASAR DASAR LAUT DAN ISI PERUT DASAR LAUT (Pasal 77 dan 81)LAUT (Pasal 77 dan 81)

Status Hukum Perairan dan Ruang Status Hukum Perairan dan Ruang Udara Di Atas Landas Kontinen Tidak Udara Di Atas Landas Kontinen Tidak Terpengaruh Yurisdiksi Negara Pantai Terpengaruh Yurisdiksi Negara Pantai (Pasal 78)(Pasal 78)

SEMUA NEGARA Berhak Memasang SEMUA NEGARA Berhak Memasang Kabel, Pipa, Berlayar, Bernavigasi di Kabel, Pipa, Berlayar, Bernavigasi di Atas Landas Kontinen (Pasal 79)Atas Landas Kontinen (Pasal 79)

Indonesia TIDAK BISA Melarang HakIndonesia TIDAK BISA Melarang Hak--Hak Asing Tsb Di Atas Landas Kontinen Hak Asing Tsb Di Atas Landas Kontinen Ambalat Ambalat

Kriteria Delimitasi Batas MaritimKriteria Delimitasi Batas Maritim

Dasar Hukum: Pasal 74 dan 83 Konvensi Dasar Hukum: Pasal 74 dan 83 Konvensi HUKLA 1982HUKLA 1982

3 Elemen Utama:3 Elemen Utama:–– Dengan Persetujuan (By Agreement)Dengan Persetujuan (By Agreement)

–– Berdasarkan Hukum InternasionalBerdasarkan Hukum Internasional

–– Mencapai Mencapai ““Equitable ResultsEquitable Results””

Page 7: LANDAS KONTINEN - equality before the law... · PDF fileyang terjadi pada instalasi landas kontinen ... 2500 Meter Di Bawah Permukaan Air Laut: Landas Kontinen / Seabed / Dasar Laut

7

By AgreementBy Agreement

Melalui NegosiasiMelalui Negosiasi–– Negosiasi Adalah Kewajiban Hukum Negosiasi Adalah Kewajiban Hukum

–– Hukum InternasionalHukum Internasional

–– Hukum Nasional Hukum Nasional

Perang Bukan OpsiPerang Bukan Opsi

Berdasarkan Hukum InternasionalBerdasarkan Hukum Internasional

Konvensi HUKLA 1982Konvensi HUKLA 1982

Keputusan HakimKeputusan Hakim

Keputusan ArbitrasiKeputusan Arbitrasi

Opinio JurisOpinio Juris

Equitable ResultsEquitable Results

Definisi EquitableDefinisi EquitableJust, Impartial and FairJust, Impartial and Fair

ApakahApakah–– Negara Besar Memperhatikan Negara Kecil = Equitable? Negara Besar Memperhatikan Negara Kecil = Equitable?

BIG NICE TO SMALLBIG NICE TO SMALL

–– Negara Kaya Memperhatikan Negara Kecil = Equitable? Negara Kaya Memperhatikan Negara Kecil = Equitable? RICH NICE TO POORRICH NICE TO POOR

The Pizza Theory: Distributive Justice !The Pizza Theory: Distributive Justice !

BAGAIMANAKAH POSISI AMBALAT DILIHAT DARI BAGAIMANAKAH POSISI AMBALAT DILIHAT DARI PERATURAN PERPERATURAN PER--UUUU--AN NASIONAL ?AN NASIONAL ?

UU NO. 17 UU NO. 17 thth. 1985 . 1985 ttgttg. . PengesahanPengesahanUNCLOS 1982 : UNCLOS 1982 : memungkinkanmemungkinkan mengklaimmengklaimAmbalatAmbalat sebagaisebagai landaslandas kontinenkontinen RI. RI.

UU No. 6 UU No. 6 thth. 1996 . 1996 ttgttg. . PerairanPerairan Indonesia : Indonesia : menetapkanmenetapkan garisgaris--garisgaris pangkalpangkal Indonesia.Indonesia.

UU No. 1 UU No. 1 tahuntahun 1973 1973 ttgttg. . LandasLandas KontinenKontinenIndonesia :Indonesia : masihmasih memungkinkanmemungkinkan untukuntukmengklaimmengklaim AmbalatAmbalat..

UU No. 5 UU No. 5 thth. 1983 . 1983 ttgttg. ZEEI :. ZEEI : memungkinkanmemungkinkanRI RI mengklaimmengklaim perairanperairan AmbalatAmbalat..

PP No. 38 PP No. 38 tahuntahun 2002 :2002 : menetapkanmenetapkan titiktitik--titiktitikpangkalpangkal garisgaris--garisgaris pangkalpangkal kepulauankepulauanIndonesia.Indonesia.