Kuliah 9 (Nuitrisi - 2)

8/11/2019 Kuliah 9 (Nuitrisi - 2)

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Pemakanan

& nutrisi

kanak-kanak

KAS1043Perkembangan Awal Kanak-kanak

dari Perspektif Fisiologi

Mohd Hafis Sahari1


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Growth and Development

Concerning about

2

child

can eat

needs

to eat

the way a child should be feed.

Within age groups, each child develops skills

at a different rate


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Growth

Children need food to grow, and children whoare growing fast, need more food than usual.

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Children over the age of 6 months need foods

fromthe five food groups to keep them healthy andgrowing

Serve a variety of foods to children so that they

get all the nutrients they need.

No one food can provide all the nutrients these

young children need.


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Plan

Plan your day so that infants are fedwhen hungry.

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children are fed every 2 to 3 hours. Because they

have small stomach.

Children need many chances during the day to

meet their food needs.

Serve meals and snacks on a regular schedule sothat the children learn what to expect.


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Childrens Nutrition Guide

overallhealt

h

Thebest nutritio

n advice

prevent many medical problems

overweightdeveloping weak bones

physically grows

Eat a varietyof foodsBalance the food you eat

with physical activity

Diet with plenty of grain

products, vegetables

andfruitsdiet low in fat,

saturated fat, and

cholesteroldiet moderate in sugars and salt

diet that provides enough

calcium and iron to meet their

growing body's requirements

Food

Guide

Pyramid


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Serve a variety of foods to

children

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Vegetables provide vitamins A and C, folicacid, and minerals.

Dried peas and beans, meat, fish, and

poultry provide protein, iron, and zinc.

Breads and cereals provide B vitamins,

fiber,and energy from carbohydrates.

Fruits provide vitamins A and C, folic acid,and minerals.

Dairy products provide protein

and calcium.


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children will not eat

the same way or

amount every day or

at every meal.

Things you need to know!!

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child is healthy

and growing


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Serve 100 percent

fruit juicenot

cordial drinks.

serve nutritious snacks

that will help children

meet their food needs for

the day.


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Dont serve sticky

snacks or snacks

with a lot of sugar

in

them.


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Offer water to children after

snacks to remove food particlesthat might contribute to cavities

if

they cannot brush their

teeth.


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Children should always have

access to drinking

water, either from afountain or from single-

service cups


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10

Feed infants baby foods by spoon only. This

teach the infant the right way to eat solid

foods. Do not use a bottle or an infant feeder

for solid foods. This might cause the infant to

choke.


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Diet and the Neurotransmitters

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Certain foods contain precursors (star t ing mater ia ls)

fo r some Neurotransmitters

spartic cid

Used to make aspartate ; foun d in

peanuts, potatoes, eggs and grains.

Choline

Used to m ake acety lchol ine; found ineggs, l iver and soy beans.

Glutamic cid

Used to make glutamate; foun d in f lou r

and potatoes.

Phenylalanine

Used to m ake dopamine; found in s oybeans,

almon ds, eggs, meat and g rains.

Tryptophan

Used to make serotonin ; found in eggs, meat,

sk im milk , bananas, yogu rt , m ilk, and cheese.


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Younger infants (04 months)

Breast milk is the best source of nutritionfor infants

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Proteins

Whey (60%)

Casein (40%)

Easy to d igest

Hardly to digest(most ly 6080 %

in art i f ic ial milk )

These proteins have great infection-protection properties

Fats

Long c hain fat ty acids are needed for b rain,

ret ina, and nervou s system d evelopment.

They are deposited in the brain du r ing th e last tr imester of

pregnancy and are also foun d in breast milk.

It is necessary for brain development, absorp t ion o f fat-solu ble vitam ins, and is a pr imary calor ie source


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Vitamins

milk is directly related to the mothers vitamin intake

Fat-solu ble vitamin s, includ ing vitamin s A, D, E, and K, are al l v i tal

to the infants health.

Water-solu ble vitamins suc h as vitamin C, r ibo f lav in, niacin, and

panthoth enic acid are also essent ial .

Carbohydrates

Lactose helps to decrease the amount of u nhealthy bacter ia in the

stomach, wh ich imp roves the absorp t ion of calc ium , pho spho rus,and magnesium .

It helps to f igh t disease and prom otes the growth of healthy

bacter ia in the stom ach.


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Nutritional

ComponentsRequirements

Vit i d


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CalciumIt s necessary for the development of

strong bones

to prevent the development o

osteoporosis in adults.

Mainsources

Required for cell transportRequired for nerve cell functioning

Essential in muscle functioning

Deficiency results in Rickets in childrTiredness and Muscular dysfunction

In excess, calcium causes diseases of th

kidney; development of kidney stones.

Vitamins and

Minerals


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Mainsources


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Toddlers (age 1-3 years) require about 500mg

of calcium each day(about 2 glasses of milk)

Preschool and younger school age children

(age 4-8 years) require about 800 mg of

calcium each day (about 3 glasses of milk).

Older school age children and teens (age 9-

18 years) require about 1300 mg of calcium

each day. This higher level of calcium is

especially important once they begin puberty

(about 4 glasses of milk).


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Vitamin C /

ascorbic

acid

Vitamin A /

retinol

malabsorption

poor diet / chronic health condition

Top sources of vitamin A include:

Beef liver, Egg yolk, Cheddar cheese, Fortified

milk

helps your eyes , skin and mucous

membranes moist

antioxidant properties that neutralize free radicals in

the body that cause tissue and cellular damage.

to prevent colds and upper respiratory tract

infections,

Too little Vitamin C can lead to scurvywater-soluble vitamin

antioxidan

Wounds that don't heal

Bruising / lebam

Too much Vitamin C, it may not be harmful.

Source - citrus fruits ( oranges) , vagetables

(broccoli)


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Vitamin D

Vitamin Kfat soluble vitamin

necessary for proper blood clotting.

synthesis of proteins found in plasma, bone, and

kidneysspinach, lettuce, kale, cabbage, cauliflower, wheat bran,

organ meats, cereals, some fruits, meats, dairy products,

eggs.

promotes absorption and use of calcium and

phosphate for healthy bones and teeth

found in milk (fortified), cheese, whole eggs, liver,

salmon, and fortified margarine

The skin can synthesize vitamin D if

exposed to enough sunlight on a regularbasis.

fat soluble vitamin


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Potassium

Zincneeded for cell reproduction, tissue growth

and repair.

found in meat, seafood, and liver, eggs, milk, whole-grain

products.Zinc has antioxidant properties and is essential for the immune

systemIt is responsible for the health of the prostrate gland In males

oysters, nuts (like almonds), oil seeds, pulses, red

meat, cereals, beans and dairy products.

it can lead to neuro psychiatric disorders like dementia,

depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimers

Required for normal cellular transport of

nutrients

Necessary for healthy heart and kidney function

Necessary for nervous system functioning

Deficiency leads to muscular weakness

and lethargy.

Deficiency also leads to poor growth

Cardiacdisturbance in potassium deficiency.


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Kuliah 9 (Nuitrisi - 2)

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