1. Ecological Footprintadalah alat bantu untuk dapat kita pergunakan dalam mengukurpenggunaan sumberdaya dan kemampuan menampung limbah dari populasi manusia dihubungkan dengan kemampuan lahan, biasanya dinyatakan dalam hektar.Ecological Footprintdapat digunakan sebagai ukuran prestasi kita dalam mendukung keberlanjutan bumi ini, dan menjadi indikator terbaik dan efisien dalam mendukung keberlanjutan kehidupan. Alat ukur ini menjadi penting dalam konteks untuk mengetahui apakah kegiatan konsumsi yang kita lakukan masih dalam batas daya dukung lingkungan ataukah sudah melewatinya, dengan kata lain masih dalam surplus ataukah sudah dalam defisit (penurunan kualitas) ekologi.

Dari hasil polling yang dilakukan pada tahun 2014, seluruh dunia akan menjadi 60 persen lebih rendah, dunia akan beroperasi lebih nyaman dengan batas lingkugan yangsustainable. Amerika misalnya per kapita memerlukan 7,2 hektar atau 7 kali kebutuhan warga negara Indonesia. Apalagi negara seperti Qatar yang perkapita memerlukan 11,7 hektar dan membutuhkan lebih banyak lagi. Sedangkan Indonesia hanya perkapita memerlukan 1,2 hektar. Keseimbangan alam akan tercapai bila pola konsumsi per kapita mengikuti negara seperti Indonesia.

2. Wawasan lingkungan ada 5, yaitu:1. Antropocentric Antropocentric adalah suatu pandangan yang menyatakan bahwa manusia adalah pusat dari alam semesta, sedangkan lingkungan hanya sebagai objek eksploitasi2. Biocentric Biocentric adalah suatu pandangan yang menyatakan bahwa pentingnya alam dan manusia hanya sebagian dari alam 3. Ecosystem-Centered Ecosystem-Centered adalah suatu pandangan yang menyatakan bahwa ekosistem yang terdiri atas biotik dan abiotik 4. Biosphere Biosphere adalah suatu pandangan yang menyatakan bahwa wawasan lingkungan yang menganggap dunia ini sangat penting dan mencakup kebaikan umat manusia.5. Self-Centerd Self-Centerd adalah suatu pandangan yang menyatakan bahwa wawasan lingkungan yang berpusat pada diri sendiri.Menurut saya, diantara ke-5 pandangan tersebut yang merupakan pandangan nerkelanjutan adalah biosphere yang menyatakan bahwa wawasan lingkungan yang menganggap dunia ini sangat penting dan mencakup kebaikan umat manusia. Dunia sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia sekarang dan dikemudian hari. Tetapi, hanya sedikit manusia yang sadar akan hal itu. Banyak manusia yang yang masih menganut pandangan antropocentric, yakni pandangan yang menyatakan bahwa manusia adalah pusat dari alam semesta, sedangkan lingkungan hanya sebagai objek eksploitasi. Manuia yang menganut pandangan ini, mempunyai ambisi untuk mengeksploitasi lingkungan sekitar hanya untuk kepentingan dirinya sendiri, kebanyakan dari mereka tidak peduli akan dampak yang telah mereka perbuat meskipun tanpa disadari dampak yang mereka perbuat telah mereka rasakan.

3. review jurnala. Jurnal 1

Rural Water Supply Management and Sustainability: The Case of Adama Area, EthiopiaWise utilization of water resources is becoming very important as world faces water crises. The main objective of this study was to investigate the rural water supply systems with case study in Adama area, in central Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed. Four sample water schemes were selected and totally 148 (63 were female) representative households were selected for answering the questionnaires. Key informant interviews and group discussions were also conducted. The study assessed issues such as community participation, water committee empowerment, management and governance of water supply schemes, women participation, functional status of water supply scheme, sanitation and hygiene issues, external support, and monitoring system of water supply schemes. The findings indicated that the community participation in planning and implementation was very good while monitoring mechanism of operation and management as well as community participation on choice of technology was poor. The water schemes were located at reasonable distances i.e. less than 2 km in most cases and the time taken for round trip to fetch water from source was less than or equal to 30 minutes in most cases, however the queuing time was more than an hour. The water supply was inadequate as only about 15% of beneficiaries could get 20 liters of water per day per capita. The water sources were exposed in many cases to human waste, wild life, livestock and uncontrolled flooding. Sanitary practices in the study area were poor as only about 3.4% had ventilated and improved pit latrine and open pit and/or open field defecation were widely practiced.

b. Jurnal 2

Assessment of Sustainability of Community Water Supply Projects in Kandy DistrictIntroduction of community water supply projects, implemented and managed by the community with an initial support from governments or international organizations has been considered as a useful strategy to provide access to safe drinking water to rural communities. Sri Lanka has also adopted this strategy through the Community Water Supply & Sanitation Project. Since there were concerns about the sustainability of numerous water schemes implemented throughout the country, a research was carried out in 20 community managed water schemes in eight Divisional Secretariat divisions in Kandy district to assess the sustainability of community based rural water supply projects using a methodology adopted by the UNDP and World Bank in six other countries. Participatory research methodology tools were used for the assessment based on 5 sub-indicators, such as physical condition, operation and maintenance, consumer satisfaction, financial management and willingness-to-sustain the system. The results show that the community water supply projects to provide water to rural areas of Kandy district has been a success since 14 out of 20 schemes were found to be sustainable indicating that the strategies followed during the project implementation have succeeded. However, the study has also highlighted areas which require further attention to ensure that these systems would continue to provide the expected services and improve the functioning of other potentially sustainable schemes in the longrun. A capacity building program along with an institutional arrangement to provide the support services by the authorities, at least in the short term, is considered vital to help improve the Community Based Organizations and to make them capable and mature entities.