Sumber: Antara News

Judul Skripsi :

KERJASAMA BILATERAL KUBA - AS PASCA NORMALISASI

HUBUNGAN KEDUA NEGARA PERIODE 2014-2017

Nama : Bimo Arief J

NIM : 141.0412.050

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA

KERJASAMA BILATERAL KUBA - AS PASCA NORMALISASI

HUBUNGAN KEDUA NEGARA PERIODE 2014-2017

SKRIPSI

BIMO ARIEF JANUARKO

1410412050

PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA

2018

KERJASAMA BILATERAL KUBA - AS PASCA NORMALISASI

HUBUNGAN KEDUA NEGARA PERIODE 2014-2017

SKRIPSI

Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Syarat Dalam Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana

Hubungan Internasional

BIMO ARIEF JANUARKO

1410412050

PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIUNIVERSITAS

PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA

2018

ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI

iii

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI SKRIPSI UNTUK

KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

iv

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI

v

KERJASAMA BILATERAL KUBA AS PASCA NORMALISASI HUBUNGAN

KEDUA NEGARA PERIODE 2014-2017

BIMO ARIEF JANUARKO

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Kerjasama Bilateral Kuba AS pasca normalisasi

hubungan kedua negara periode 2014-2017. Normalisasi kedua negara menciptakan

dinamika baru terhadap kawasan Amerika dan sekitarnya, melalui berbagai kerjasama

Bilateral kedua negara dapat memperlihatkan keharmonisan hubungan yang telah

terputus sejak tahun 1960. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pasca normalisasi hubungan

kedua negara dalam bidang kerjasama bilateral. Penelitian ini mengangkat pertanyaan

penelitian “Bagaimana Implementasi Kerja Sama Bilateral Kuba-AS Pasca

Normalisasi Hubungan Kedua Negara periode 2014-2017”untuk menjawab

pertanyaan tersebut peneliti menggunakan kerangka fikir penelitian ini menggunakan

teori Kerjasama Bilateral, Konsep Kepentingan Nasional dan Konsep Normalisasi

Hubungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif eksploratif yang berfokus

pada penggalian informasi dan data dari proses Normalisasi hingga menimbulkan

kerja sama Bilateral kedua Negara. Hasil dari penelitian Kerjasama Bilateral Kuba

AS pasca normalisasi hubungan kedua negara periode 2014-2017 ini menghasilkan

beberapa Kerjasama Bilateral yang dapat membantu mengurangi ketegangan terhadap

kedua negara dan dapat membantu kedua negara mendapatkan Kepentingan

Nasionalnya masing – masing, kerja sama yang di hasilkan yaitu. Kembali di

bukanya kedutaan besar kedua Negara, perdagangan bebas, pelonggaran Travel

Restriction, maupun pelonggaran embargo ekonomi AS-Kuba.

Kata Kunci : Kuba, Amerika Serikat, Kerjasama Bilateral.

vi

BILATERAL COOPERATION OF US CUBA POST NORMALIZATION OF

SECOND COUNTRIES IN 2014-2017 PERIOD

BIMO ARIEF JANUARKO

ABSTRACT

This study discusses the US Cuban Bilateral Cooperation post-normalization of

relations between the two countries from 2014-2017. Normalization of both countries

creates new dynamics to the American region and beyond, through various Bilateral

cooperation the two countries can show the harmony of relationships that have been

interrupted since 1960. This study focuses on post-normalization of relations between

the two countries in the field of bilateral cooperation. This research raises the

question of "How is the implementation of Cuban Bilateral cooperation with

United States post normalization of relations between the two countries in 2014 to

2017 ?" to answer that question, the researcher uses the framework of thinking of

this research using the theory of Bilateral Cooperation, the Concept of National

Interest and the Concept of Relations Normalization. This research uses qualitative

explorative method that focuses on extracting information and data from

Normalization process to create Bilateral cooperation between the two countries. The

results of the US Cuban Bilateral Cooperation research post the normalization of

relations between the two countries of the period 2014-2017 have resulted in some

Bilateral Cooperation which can help to reduce tension between the two countries

and can help both countries get their own National Interests, the resulted cooperation

is. Back in the second embassy of the two countries, free trade, easing Travel

Restriction, as well as easing US-Cuban economic embargo.

Keywords : Cuban, United States, Bilateral Cooperation.

vii

KATA PENGANTAR

viii

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI ........................................................................... ii

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI SKRIPSI UNTUK

KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ..................................................................................... iii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI .......................................................................... iv

ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... vi

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................. vii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................................ xi

DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GRAFIK ....................................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................... xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................ 1

I.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................................... 1

I.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................................... 7

I.3 Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................................................... 7

I.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................................... 7

I.5 Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................................................. 8

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 10

ix

II.1 Literatur Review ................................................................................................... 10

II.2 Kerangka Pemikiran ............................................................................................. 16

II.2.1 Teori Kerja sama Bilateral ................................................................................. 16

II.2.2 Konsep Kepentingan Nasional .......................................................................... 18

II.2.3 Konsep Normalisasi Hubungan ......................................................................... 19

II.3 Alur Pemikiran ...................................................................................................... 20

II.4 Asumsi Penelitian ................................................................................................. 20

BAB III METODELOGI PENELITIAN .................................................................... 22

III.1 Pendekatan Penelitian .......................................................................................... 22

III.2 Jenis Penelitian .................................................................................................... 23

III.3 Sumer Data .......................................................................................................... 23

III.4 Teknik Penumpulan Data .................................................................................... 24

III.5 Teknik Analisa Data ............................................................................................ 25

III.6 Waktu dan Tempat Peneltian............................................................................... 26

BAB IV NORMALISASI EMBARGO EKONOMI AS TERHADAP KUBA ........ 28

IV.1 Sejarah Embargo Ekonomi Kuba – AS ............................................................... 28

IV.2 Nasionalisasi Aset AS di Kuba ........................................................................... 30

IV.2.1 Embargo ekonomi Kuba-AS ........................................................................ 31

IV.2.2 Pelarangan Lalu Lintas Perjalanan dan Remitansi ....................................... 32

IV.3 Proses Normalisasi Kuba-AS .............................................................................. 34

IV.3.1 Respon Mengenai Normalisasi Kuba-AS ..................................................... 35

IV.3.2 Pernyataan Resmi Presiden Obama dan Presiden Raul Castro Terkait

Normalisasi Hubungan Kedua Negara .................................................................... 41

IV.4 Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik AS Dengan Kuba ....................................... 44

x

IV.4.1 Faktor – Faktor Normalisasi Kuba-AS ......................................................... 44

IV.4.2 Penerapan Normalisasi Hubungan Bilateral Kedua Negara ......................... 49

IV.4.3 Implementasi Normalisasi ........................................................................... 55

IV.4.3.1 Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Kuba ............................................... 57

IV.4.3.2 Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negri AS .................................................... 58

IV.5 Kerja sama Bilateral Kuba-AS ............................................................................ 60

IV.5.1 Dinamika Kerja sama Bilateral Kuba-AS .................................................... 62

BAB V IMPLEMENTASI KERJA SAMA BILATERAL KUBA-AS PASCA

NORMALISASI ............................................................................................................ 65

V.1 Bentuk-Bentuk Kerja Sama Bilateral Kuba-AS ................................................. 65

V.1.1 Travel Extention US Cuban: .......................................................................... 65

V.1.2 Investasi AS Dalam Bidang Pariwisata dan Penerbangan: ............................ 66

V.1.3 Kerja Sama Perdagangan : ............................................................................. 69

V.1.4 Membuka Lapangan Pekerjaan Dalam Bidang Jasa Terhadap Kuba: ........... 70

V.1.5 Kerja Sama Telekomunikasi AS dengan Kuba: ............................................ 70

V.2 Dampak Kerja sama Bilateral Kuba-AS Terhadap Dinamika Kedua Negara ...... 71

V.2.1 Dampak Kerja Sama Bilateral Kuba-AS ...................................................... 72

V.3 Hambatan Kerja Sama Bilateral ........................................................................... 73

BAB VI PENUTUP ...................................................................................................... 75

VI.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................... 75

VI.2 Saran .................................................................................................................... 77

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................................... 79

xi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

AFP Alliance for Progress

AS Amerika Serikat

ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural

Rights

LIPI Lembaga Ilmu PengetahuanIndonesia

MoU Memorandum of Understanding

OAS Organization of American States

PBB Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1Data 10 Korporasi AS yang menjadi target nasionalisasi Kuba ..................................... 31

Tabel 2 Polling Terkait Normalisasi Hubungan AS dengan Kuba ............................................. 35

Tabel 3 Dukungan Republikan Terhadap Normalisasi Diplomatik Dengan Kuba ..................... 36

Tabel 4 Harapan Terkait Demokratisasi Kuba ............................................................................ 37

Tabel 5 Pandangan Liberal vs Republikan Terkait Demokratisasi Kuba ................................... 37

xiii

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 1 Pandangan Negara lain terhadap Fidel Castro ................................................................ 4

Grafik 2 Wisatawan AS ke Kuba 1990-2015 .............................................................................. 67

xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1 Fidel Castro menjabat tangan Nikita Khrushchev ...................................................... 29

Gambar 2 Obama- Raul Castro Berjabat Tangan ....................................................................... 39

Gambar 3 Kunjungan pertama Presiden Barack Obama ............................................................. 40

Gambar 4 Upacara Pembukaan Kedubes AS di Havana, Kuba .................................................. 54

Gambar 5 Pembukaan Kembali Kedubes Kuba di Washington D.C .......................................... 55