Kajian Ketersediaan Transportasi Umum Massal Terhadap Pola ... · Output Analisis Kualitas Angkutan...

Disusun oleh:Rizky Fajar Muhammad

I0609026

PROGRAM STUDI PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTAJURUSAN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARETSURAKARTA

2016

Kajian Ketersediaan Transportasi Umum Massal Terhadap Pola Pergerakan Kota Surakarta

Diajukan Sebagai Syarat untuk Mencapai Jenjang Strata-1

Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota

perpustakaan.uns.ac.idperpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.iddigilib.uns.ac.id

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ABSTRAK

Dengan peningkatan kepemilikan kendaraan sebesar 7,5% di Surakarta setiap tahunnya

tanpa dibarengi dengan pertumbuhan jalan, tingkat penggunaan kendaraan pribadi yang

dipengaruhi oleh kepemilikan kendaraan yang tinggi bisa menyebabkan masalah perkotaan

berupa kepadatan lalu lintas dikarenakan tingginya pembebanan penggunaan jalan. Penggunaan

angkutan umum dapat memangkas penggunaan kendaraan pribadi dikarenakan untuk

mengangkut penumpang yang lebih banyak, angkutan massal mempunyai pengunaan jalan

yang cenderung lebih hemat. Di Surakarta angkutan umum massal ini bisa berupa BST yang

beroperasi di 3 koridor dan AKDP yang melayani pergerakan antar wilayah tetapi juga

melayani pergerakan dalam kota. Permasalahan yang terjadi dalam angkutan umum massal ini

adalah kurang penggunaan angkutan umum yang mungkin disebabkan oleh kurangnya kualitas

pelayanan angkutan umum massal.

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tentang kondisi pola pergerakan penduduk

di perkotaan Surakarta dan keterkaitannya dengan pelayanan angkutan massal yang tersedia

yaitu BST di 3 koridor dan AKDP. Pola pergerakan perkotaan ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui

seberapa besar potensi penggunaan kendaraan umum, sedangkan kinerja ini untuk mengetahui

seberapa besar tingkat kualitas pelayanan angkutan umum massal

Hasil dari penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa kinerja moda angkutan umum massal

yang berada di Surakarta mempunyai kualitas yang sedang dengan tingkat potensi penggunaan

yang sedang pula dari pola pergerakan non spasial-nya. Dari perbandingannya menggunakan

Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) menghasilkan kebutuhan akan peningkatan kualitas

modanya. Sedangkan untuk kinerja rutenya mempunyai kualitas rendah dengan tingkat potensi

penggunaan berdasarkan pola pergerakan spasial mempunyai potensi penggunaan yang sedang

dengan perbandingan menggunakan IPA menghasilkan prioritas yang rendah.

Kata Kunci: transportasi umum massal, pola pergerakan, transportasi perkotaan

perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

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ABSTRACT

Despite the increase in vehicle ownership by 7.5% in Surakarta annually without

accompanied by the development of the road, the level of utilization of private vehicles that are

affected by high vehicle ownership could lead to urban problems such as traffic congestion due

to the increases use of road. The utilization of public transport can decrease the use of private

vehicles, have the use of mass transit roads tend to be more frugal. In Surakarta mass public

transport are the BST which operates in three corridors and AKDP that serve trips between

regions but also serve trips in the city. Problems that occur in mass transit is less use of public

transport which might be caused by a lack of quality mass transportation services.

This research was conducted to find out about the condition of travel patterns of the

urban residents in Surakarta and its association with mass transit services (BST in three

corridors and AKDP). Urban travel patterns are intended to determine how big the potential

use of public transport, while the performance is to determine how much the level of service

quality mass transit

The results of these studies illustrate that performance of mass transportation modes in

Surakarta is have the quality that is being level that are also potential use of non-spatial travel

pattern. From the comparison using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) resulted in the

need for increased modes quality. As for the performance of the route has a low quality level

based on the potential use of spatial travel patterns have potential use being by comparison

using IPA generate low priority.

Keywords: mass public transportation, travel patterns, urban transportation


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KATA PENGANTAR

Dengan penuh rasa rendah hati saya panjatkan puji dan syukur kepada Allah Subhanahu

wa Ta’ala atas rahmat karunia yang diberikan-Nya sehingga saya bisa melalui proses dan

menyelesaikan penelitian ini. Dalam pencapaian yang berharga ini saya ucapkan pula terima

kasih yang tak terhingga untuk peran semua pihak yang telah mendukung penelitian ini tercipta

dengan penuh rasa ikhlas, terutama untuk:

1. Keluarga di rumah yang selalu memberi bantuan yang tak ternilai dalam bentuk

materi, dorongan moral, serta doa.

2. Ir. Ana Hardiana, MT selaku pembimbing akademik.

3. Ir. Galing Yudana, MT sebagai pembimbing I pada penelitian tugas akhir ini.

4. Ir. Winny Astuti, MSc, PhD sebagai pembimbing II pada penelitian tugas akhir ini.

5. Ir. Soedwiwahjono, MT selaku Ketua Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan

Kota dan juga penguji sidang tugas akhir ini.

6. Ir. Kuswanto Nurhadi, MSP selaku penguji sidang tugas akhir ini.

7. Bapak dan Ibu dosen UNS khususnya dosen Program Perencanaan Wilayah dan

Kota.

8. Serta seluruh pihak yang terkait dalam proses penyelesaian penelitian ini yang tidak

bisa disebutkan satu per satu.

Pada proses penyelesaian penelitian ini saya sangat menyadari banyaknya kekurangan

dan kesalahan yang saya buat dikarenakan keterbatasan kemampuan saya sebagai mahasiswa.

Kritik dan saran terhadap penelitian ini saya sangat harapkan untuk perkembangan ilmu

pengetahuan. Akhir kata saya ucapkan semoga penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi bidang akademik

Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota dan bidang lainnya yang terkait.

Surakarta, Agustus 2016

Penulis


ri, dorongan moral, serta doa.

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DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK................................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. ii KATA PENGANTAR...............................................................................................................iii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................................. iv DAFTAR GAMBAR................................................................................................................vii DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................................viii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN.......................................................................................................... 1

Latar Belakang.....................................................................................................................1 Rumusan Masalah................................................................................................................9 Tujuan Penelitian...............................................................................................................10 Sasaran Penelitian..............................................................................................................10 Posisi Penelitian.................................................................................................................10 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian .................................................................................................11

Ruang Lingkup Substansi ...............................................................................................11 Ruang Lingkup Wilayah.................................................................................................12 Ruang Lingkup Waktu....................................................................................................14

Sistematika Penulisan Laporan..........................................................................................14 Kerangka Pikir Penelitian..................................................................................................16

BAB 2 KAJIAN TEORI........................................................................................................... 17 Transportasi Perkotaan ......................................................................................................17 Pola Pergerakan .................................................................................................................17

Pola Pergerakan Spasial..................................................................................................18 Pola Pergerakan Tidak Spasial .......................................................................................18

Kinerja Transportasi Umum ..............................................................................................21 Waktu Pelayanan ............................................................................................................24 Jarak Antar Pemberhentian.............................................................................................24 Kelangsungan Rute.........................................................................................................25 Jangkauan Rute...............................................................................................................26 Overlapping Rute............................................................................................................27 Struktur Rute...................................................................................................................27 Hubungan Antar Rute .....................................................................................................28 Waktu Perjalanan............................................................................................................28 Load Factor.....................................................................................................................28 Headways......................................................................................................................29 Jumlah Penumpang.......................................................................................................29

Kerangka Teori ..................................................................................................................31

BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................................................. 32 Pendekatan Penelitian........................................................................................................32 Jenis Penelitian ..................................................................................................................32 Variabel Penelitian ............................................................................................................32 Kebutuhan Data .................................................................................................................33 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................................35

Pengumpulan Data Primer..............................................................................................35 Pengumpulan Data Skunder ...........................................................................................36

Teknik Sampling................................................................................................................36 Metode Analisis.................................................................................................................38

Identifikasi Pola Pergerakan Spasial ..............................................................................40


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Input Data Identifikasi Pola Pergerakan Spasial .........................................................40 Teknik Analisis Identifikasi Pola Pergerakan Spasial .................................................40 Output Identifikasi Pola Pergerakan Spasial ...............................................................41

Identifikasi Pola Pergerakan Non Spasial ......................................................................42 Input Data Identifikasi Pola Pergerakan Non Spasial .................................................42 Teknik Analisis Identifikasi Pola Pergerakan Non Spasial .........................................42 Output Identifikasi Pola Pergerakan Non Spasial .......................................................43

Analisis Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan Spasial ........44 Input Data Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan Spasial .44 Teknik Analisis Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan Non Spasial ........................................................................................................................44

Output Analisis Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan Spasial....................................................................................................................................45

Analisis Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan Non Spasial 45 Input Analisis Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan Non Spasial ........................................................................................................................45 Teknik Analisis Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan Non Spasial ........................................................................................................................45

Output Analisis Potensi Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan Non Spasial ......50 Analisis Kualitas Angkutan Umum Masal Berdasarkan Kinerja Moda.........................50

Input Analisis Kualitas Angkutan Umum Masal Berdasarkan Kinerja Moda ............50 Teknik Analisis Kualitas Angkutan Umum Masal Berdasarkan Kinerja Moda .........50 Output Analisis Kualitas Angkutan Umum Masal Berdasarkan Kinerja Moda..........55

Analisis Kualitas Angkutan Umum Masal Berdasarkan Kinerja Rute...........................55 Input Data Analisis Kualitas Angkutan Umum Masal Berdasarkan Kinerja Rute......55 Teknik Analisis Kualitas Angkutan Umum Masal Berdasarkan Kinerja Rute ...........55 Output Analisis Kualitas Angkutan Umum Masal Berdasarkan Kinerja Rute ...........60

Analisis Ketersediaan Kinerja Transportasi Massal Terhadap Pola Pergerakan............60 Input Data Ketersediaan Kinerja Transportasi Massal Terhadap Pola Pergerakan.....60 Teknik Analisis Ketersediaan Kinerja Transportasi Massal Terhadap Pola Pergerakan....................................................................................................................................60

Output Kesesuaian Kinerja Transportasi Massal Terhadap Pola Pergerakan .............62 Kerangka Analisis Penelitian.............................................................................................63

BAB 4 KAJIAN POLA PERGERAKAN DAN KINERJA ANGKUTAN MASSAL............ 64 Pola Pergerakan Spasial.....................................................................................................64

Zonasi Transportasi Terhadap Rute Bus ........................................................................64 Asal-Tujuan Pergerakan .................................................................................................67 Potensi Penggunaan Transportasi Umum Massal Berdasarkan Karakteristik Pergerakan Spasial...........................................................................................................................69

Pola Pergerakan Non Spasial.............................................................................................71 Waktu Pergerakan........................................................................................................71 Maksud Pergerakan .....................................................................................................72 Kepemilikan Kendaraan Pelaku Pergerakan ...............................................................73 Penggunaan Kendaraan ...............................................................................................75

Potensi Penggunaan Transportasi Umum Massal Berdasarkan Karakteristik Pergerakan Non Spasial ...................................................................................................................76

Kinerja Moda.....................................................................................................................77 Waktu Perjalanan Moda Transportasi Umum Massal ....................................................77 Headways Moda Transportasi Umum Massal................................................................79 Load Factors Moda Transportasi Umum Massal...........................................................80 Kualitas Angkutan Umum Massal Berdasarkan Kinerja Moda .....................................82


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vi

Kinerja Rute.......................................................................................................................82 Waktu Pelayanan ............................................................................................................83 Kelangsungan Rute.........................................................................................................84 Jangkauan Lokasi Pemberhentian ..................................................................................90 Overlapping Rute ...........................................................................................................93 Struktur Rute...................................................................................................................93 Hubungan Rute ...............................................................................................................94 Kualitas Angkutan Umum Massal Berdasarkan Kinerja Rute .......................................96

Ketersediaan Kinerja Moda Terhadap Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Massal Masyarakat Berdasarkan Pergerakan Non Spasial................................................................................97 Ketersediaan Kinerja Rute Terhadap Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Massal Masyarakat Berdasarkan Pergerakan Spasial........................................................................................97

BAB 5 KESESUAIAN TRANSPORTASI UMUM MASSAL TERHADAP POLA PERGERAKAN ....................................................................................................................... 99

Pola Pergerakan di Kota Surakarta....................................................................................99 Pola Pergerakan Spasial..................................................................................................99 Pola Pergerakan Non Spasial........................................................................................101

Kinerja Transportasi Umum Massal untuk Pelayanan Kota Surakarta ...........................102 Kinerja Moda Transportasi Umum Massal ..................................................................102 Kinerja Rute Transportasi Umum Massal ....................................................................103

Ketersediaan Transportasi Umum Massal Terhadap Pola Pergerakan Kota Surakarta...103 BAB 6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................................................................. 105 DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................................. 106 LAMPIRAN A INSTRUMEN SURVEY POLA PERGERAKAN.......................................A-1 LAMPIRAN B INSTRUMEN SURVEY HEADWAYS......................................................... B-1 LAMPIRAN C INSTRUMEN SURVEY LOAD FACTORS DAN WAKTU PERJALANAN ...................................................................................................................... C-1 LAMPIRAN D KOMPILASI DATA PERGERAKAN.........................................................D-1


UAIAN TRANSPORTASI UMUM MASSAL TERHADA............................................................................................................... ... .......................................

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commit to user

vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Konsep Perubahan Mobilitas dan Pergeseran Moda dengan Manajemen Kebutuhan Transportasi (MKT)............................................................................2

Gambar 1.2 Peta Rute Pelayanan BST .......................................................................................5 Gambar 1.3 Peta Rute AKDP Masuk Surakarta.........................................................................7 Gambar 1.4 Peta Rute AKDP Keluar Surakarta` .......................................................................8 Gambar 1.5 Peta Ruang Lingkup Wilayah Penelitian..............................................................13 Gambar 1.6 Kerangka Analisis Penelitian................................................................................16 Gambar 2.1 Keberlangsungan Kendaraan Umum dalam Sudut Pandang Penumpang ............22 Gambar 2.2 Keberlangsungan Kendaraan Umum dalam Sudut Pandang Pelaksana Jasa

Transportasi .........................................................................................................23 Gambar 2.3 Jarak Antar Pemberhentian...................................................................................25 Gambar 3.1 Ilustrasi Importance Performance Analysis..........................................................39 Gambar 3.2 Ketersediaan Pelayanan Rute ...............................................................................61 Gambar 3.3 Ketersediaan Pelayanan Moda..............................................................................62 Gambar 3.4 Kerangka Analisis Penelitian................................................................................63 Gambar 4.1 Peta Jangkauan Pelayanan Rute Angkutan Umum Massal ..................................65 Gambar 4.2 Diagram Venn Kepemilikan Kendaraan...............................................................74 Gambar 4.3 Peta Rute Tercepat AKDP Masuk Surakarta........................................................87 Gambar 4.4 Peta Rute Tercepat AKDP Masuk Surakarta........................................................88 Gambar 4.5 Peta Rute Tercepat AKDP Keluar Surakarta........................................................89 Gambar 4.6 Peta Jangkauan Lokasi Pemberhentian BST ........................................................91 Gambar 4.7 Peta Jangkauan Lokasi Pemberhentian BST ........................................................92 Gambar 4.8 Peta Jangkauan Perhimpitan, Perhubungan, Percabangan Jalur BST dan AKDP 95 Gambar 4.9 Ketersediaan Pelayanan Moda..............................................................................97 Gambar 4.10 Ketersediaan Pelayanan Rute .............................................................................98 Gambar 5.1 Peta Pergerakan Antar Zona Transportasi ..........................................................100


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viii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian........................................................................................................10 Tabel 2.1 Sintesis Variabel Penelitian Pola Pergerakan...........................................................19 Tabel 2.2 Sintesis Variabel Penelitian Pola Pergerakan...........................................................29 Tabel 3.1 Variabel Penelitian ...................................................................................................32 Tabel 3.2 Kebutuhan Data ........................................................................................................33 Tabel 3.3 Sample Pelaku Pergerakan .......................................................................................37 Tabel 3.4 Sample Moda............................................................................................................38 Tabel 3.5 Komposisi Kelurahan Dalam Zonasi Transportasi...................................................41 Tabel 3.6 Rangkuman Identifikasi Pola Pergerakan Spasial ....................................................41 Tabel 3.7 Distribusi Frekuensi Pola Pergerakan Non Spasial ..................................................43 Tabel 3.8 Rangkuman Identifikasi Pola Pergerakan Non Spasial ............................................43 Tabel 3.9 Skala Penilaian Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan

Spasial....................................................................................................................44 Tabel 3.10 Rangkuman Analisis Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan

Pergerakan Spasial.................................................................................................45 Tabel 3.11 Skala Ukur Data Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan

Non Spasial ............................................................................................................46 Tabel 3.12 Skala Penilaian Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pergerakan

Non Spasial ............................................................................................................47 Tabel 3.13 Skala Penilaian Keseluruhan Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan

Pergerakan Non Spasial .........................................................................................49 Tabel 3.14 Rangkuman Analisis Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan

Pergerakan Non Spasial .........................................................................................50 Tabel 3.15 Skala Ukur Sub Variabel Kinerja Moda.................................................................51 Tabel 3.16 Skala Penilaian Sub Variabel Kinerja Moda ..........................................................52 Tabel 3.17 Skala Penilaian Skala Sub Variabel Kinerja Moda ................................................54 Tabel 3.18 Rangkuman Analisis Kinerja Moda .......................................................................55 Tabel 3.19 Skala Ukur Sub Variabel Kinerja Rute ..................................................................56 Tabel 3.20 Skala Penilaian Sub Variabel Kinerja Rute............................................................57 Tabel 3.21 Skala Penilaian Skala Sub Variabel Kinerja Rute ..................................................58 Tabel 3.22 Rangkuman Analisis Kualitas Angkutan Umum Masal Berdasarkan Kinerja Rute

...............................................................................................................................60 Tabel 3.23 Rangkuman Kesesuaian Kinerja Transportasi Massal Terhadap Pola Pergerakan 62 Tabel 4.1 Persentase Luas Pelayanan Rute Terhadap Luas Zona ............................................66 Tabel 4.2 Matriks Asal Tujuan .................................................................................................68 Tabel 4.3 Potensi Penggunaan Angkutan Umum Berdasarkan Pola Pergerakan Spasial ........69 Tabel 4.4 Matriks Asal Tujuan Dalam Jangkauan Bus ............................................................70 Tabel 4.5 Waktu Pergerakan ....................................................................................................71 Tabel 4.6 Distrubusi Frekuensi Berdasarkan Waktu Berangkat...............................................72 Tabel 4.7 Distribusi Frekuensi Berdasarkan Waktu Berangkat ...............................................72 Tabel 4.8 Maksud Pergerakan ..................................................................................................72 Tabel 4.9 Distribusi Frekuensi Maksud Pergerakan.................................................................73 Tabel 4.10 Persentase Kepemilikan Kendaraan .......................................................................73 Tabel 4.11 Rincian Kepemilikan Kendaraan............................................................................74 Tabel 4.12 Distribusi Frekuensi Kempilikan Kendaraan .........................................................75 Tabel 4.13 Penggunaan Kendaraan ..........................................................................................75 Tabel 4.14 Distribusi Frekuensi Kempilikan Kendaraan .........................................................76


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ix

Tabel 4.15 Scoring Sub Variabel Potensi Penggunaan Kendaraan Umum Berdasarkan Pola Pergerakan Non Spasial .........................................................................................76

Tabel 4.16 Scoring Sub Variabel Potensi Penggunaan Kendaraan Umum Berdasarkan Pola Pergerakan Non Spasial .........................................................................................77

Tabel 4.17 Tabel Data Waktu Perjalanan Bus AKDP..............................................................77 Tabel 4.18 Tabel Data Waktu Perjalanan BST.........................................................................78 Tabel 4.19 Scoring Data Waktu Perjalanan BST .....................................................................78 Tabel 4.20 Scoring Data Waktu Headways Peak Time............................................................79 Tabel 4.21 Scoring Data Waktu Headways Peak Time............................................................80 Tabel 4.22 Scoring Data Load Factors Peak Tme....................................................................81 Tabel 4.23 Scoring Data Load Factors Non Peak Tme............................................................81 Tabel 4.24 Scoring Kinerja Moda ............................................................................................82 Tabel 4.25 Waktu Operasional Kendaraan...............................................................................83 Tabel 4.26 Kualitas Waktu Operasional Kendaraan ................................................................83 Tabel 4.27 Waktu Operasional Kendaraan...............................................................................84 Tabel 4.28 Kelangsungan Rute.................................................................................................84 Tabel 4.29 Kelangsungan Rute.................................................................................................85 Tabel 4.30 Jangkauan Lokasi Pemberhentian ..........................................................................90 Tabel 4.31 Overlapping Rute ...................................................................................................93 Tabel 4.32 Struktur Rute ..........................................................................................................94 Tabel 4.33 Struktur Rute ..........................................................................................................94 Tabel 4.34 Scoring Kinerja Rute ..............................................................................................96


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