DIFFERENCES KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ABOUT PERSONAL HYGIENE YOUNG WOMEN BEFORE AND AFTER TOOL REPRODUCTIVE

HEALTHEDUCATION GIVEN SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 3 PALEMBANG 2014

1Hardiyanti, 2Muzakir Zaini, 3Maya Fadlillah

1. Students STIKes Muhammadiyah Palembang. 2. Lecturer STIKes Muhammadiyah Palembang. 3. Chairman Prodi D III Nursing STIKes Muhammadiyah Palembang.

The Study Program Of Diploma Iii Of The Nursing Health Science College Of Muhammadiyah Palembang

ABSTRACT

In the world, due to the incidence of reproductive infections is estimated at about 2.3 million per year of which 1.2 million are found in developing countries, while the number of new cases per year and about 5 million are in developing countries and 3 million are in developing countries, including Indonesia. Reproductive health is the most important part of the health program, considering the influence on any person and covers many aspects of life, from the womb to old age. This study aimed to determine differences in student knowledge and attitudes about personal hygiene before and after the reproductive health education given at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang. This study uses the technique of pre-experiment with one group pre test - post test and measuring instruments using a questionnaire. The study sample as many as 64 respondents with a random sampling technique is simple (Simple Random Sampling) and members of the population raffle (lottery technique). The analysis was performed with univariate and bivariate using T test (Paired T Test) and the Wilcoxon test with significance level of 0.05 and 95% confidence level. This study was conducted on 10 to 22 March 2014. Results of this research knowledge to get p value <α (0.000 <0.05), and the results of research attitudes get p value <α (0.000 <0.05). There were significant differences in knowledge and attitude about personal hygiene students before and after the reproductive health education given at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang. It is expected that the school can establish cross-sector cooperation with the health centers and other health institutions in improving health information, especially about personal hygiene reproduction.

Keywords : Young women, Personal Hygiene Equipment Reproduction, Knowledge, Attitude, Health education

Bibliography : 20 (2001-2012)

PRELIMINARY

l Background

Adolescents is defined as a period of transition from childhood - childhood to adulthood. Teen age limit according to WHO (UN agency for the health of the world) is 12 to 24 years.

Approximately 60 million inhabitants of Indonesia are teenagers. Adolescent problems that exist today are very complex and worrisome. Various data

indicate that the application of reproductive fulfillment they get the teenagers have not fully inter alia in terms of providing information. It can be inferred from the lack of knowledge about adolescent reproductive health is about the fertile period (BKKBN, 2008).

Young women are most vulnerable to health problems reproductive system. This is because anatomically, young women are more susceptible to infection than from the outside because of the shape

and location of the reproductive organs close to the anus. In terms of physiological, young women will menstruate, while other problems that may occur is a pregnancy outside of marriage, abortion, and sex outside marriage are at risk for reproductive health. From the social point of view, young women often get sexually abused (Soetjiningsih, 2004).

Lack of knowledge about the basic biology of the adolescent reflects a lack of knowledge about the risks associated with their bodies and how to avoid them (Sarwono, 2006). Knowledge and attitudes of adolescent reproductive health is still considered low, especially in the reproductive organs of the introduction knowledge regarding the form and function as well as how to treat them (Bobak, 2004).

In the world, due to the incidence of reproductive infections is estimated at about 2.3 million per year of which 1.2 million are found in developing countries, while the number of new cases per year and about 5 million are in developing countries and 3 million are in developing countries, including Indonesia (Berman , 2009).

Some recent studies show that young people in Indonesia at risk for reproductive tract infection / STD / HIV / AIDS. Based on research data IPPA 2010 against respondents, especially teens and secondary school students involved 2,479 respondents aged 11-17 years, the results showed 52.67% of respondents have inadequate reproductive health knowledge, as the source of their knowledge of a friend. In West Java reached 11,358,704 inhabitants or by 26.60% of the total population in West Java is the age of 10-24 years old adolescents, based on the population census of 2011 the number of teenagers in the district of Cirebon reach 310 784 inhabitants or by 28 , 53% of the total population (Andira, 2010).

Health education covers all teaching and business experience to influence the attitudes, habits, and health-related

knowledge towards expected. One of them can be achieved through health hygiene (Wahidiyat et al, 2005). Health promotion through community schools were least effective among other public health efforts, especially the development of healthy behaviors, because school-age children (6-18 years old) have the highest percentage compared to other age groups. In addition, a group of school children are children who are in early stages of growth and development that is sensitive to the stimulus so easily guided, directed and instilled good habits (Notoatmodjo, 2005).

According to Guilbert health education is a process that has inputs (input), process and output (output). Input is concerning learning goals while the process is the interaction mechanisms and changes in the subject's ability to learn that while the output is the result of learning itself, which formed the subject's ability to learn (Notoatmodjo, 2007).

Based on the results of research conducted Wandha Paramitha Dhuangga in SMP 11 Pekanbaru Riau in 2012. Results showed that the average level of knowledge of young women has increased from before the health education given earlier to 4.04 2.92 after the health education given by difference to the value of 1.12 while the average change in the attitude of young women also increased from pre-given health education ie 17.73 becomes 18.30 after the health education given by a margin of 0.57.

Based on the initial survey that was conducted by researchers at the date of January 7, 2014 at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang directly by interviewing 10 students (100%) the results of class X with only 2 students (20%) who know about personal hygiene and reproductive schoolgirl 8 (80%) who do not know about personal hygiene reproduction. This is due to lack of knowledge and attitudes about personal hygiene student.

Based on the above data, the researchers are interested in the issues raised in the study entitled "Differences

Knowledge and Attitudes About Personal Hygiene Young Women Before And After Tool Reproductive Health Education Given In SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang 2014"

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis research is a quantitative study,

the pre-experiment design. The technique used in this research is the technique of one group pre test - post test design is a study conducted to assess one group as a whole (Notoatmodjo, 2010).

Population Research The population in this study was the

total number of students in class X and XI SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang the number of 181 students. The study population was only class X and XI, because the class XII will face the National Final Examination (UAN).

Sample ResearchThe sample was part of the studied

population or as a number of characteristics of the population. To determine the sample size in this study using the formula Notoatmodjo (2005). The number of samples in this study is 64 respondents.

Sampling TechniquesTo determine which students will be sampled each class of the large number of pre-defined, can be used simple random sampling techniques (simple random sampling). The essence of simple random sampling is that any member or unit of the population has an equal chance to be selected as a sample, in particular by members of the population raffle (lottery technique) (Notoatmodjo, 2005).

Data Collection TechniquesA. Primary Data

Primary data were obtained directly from respondents through questionnaire method using a questionnaire that has been prepared or personal data from a sample of the answers to the questionnaire revelation.

B. Secondary DataThe collection of secondary data obtained from the Department of Education and the Principal of SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang.

RESEARCH RESULTSUnivariate Analysis

This analysis is used to obtain a frequency distribution of the average or mean value of each variable, so it looks in the following table:

1. Sciences Students About Personal Hygiene Tool Before given Reproductive Health Education (Pre Test) at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang 2014

Table 5.1Score Frequency Distribution of Knowledge About Personal Hygiene Tool Before given Reproductive Health Education in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang in 2014 (n = 64)

No Variable Mean Median SD Min- Max 95%CI1. Scores of knowledge about

personal hygiene before given reproductive health education

7,14 7,00 1,258 5-9 6,83-7,45

Sources: Data though the results of the study (Hardiyanti, 2014)

From table 5.1 the results of the analysis of the frequency distribution data obtained an average score of knowledge before being given health education was

7.14 (95% CI 6.83 to 7.45). Knowledge score the lowest and highest 5 9 with a standard deviation of 1.258.

2. Sciences Students About Personal Hygiene Tool Having given Reproduction Health Education (Post Test) at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang 2014

Table 5.2Score Frequency Distribution of Knowledge About Personal Hygiene Tool Reproductive Health

Education Having given in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang in 2014 (n = 64)

No Variable Mean

Median

SD Min- Max 95%CI

1. Scores of knowledge about personal hygiene after a given reproductive health education

9,23 10,00 1,065 7-10 8,97-9,50

Sources: Data though the results of the study (Hardiyanti, 2014)

From table 5.2 the results of the analysis of data obtained frequency distribution of the average knowledge score after being given health education was 9.23 (95% CI 8.97 to 9.50). Lowest knowledge score 7 and 10 with the highest

standard deviation of 1.065. The data indicate that an increase in student knowledge about personal hygiene reproduction.

3. Attitudes About Personal Hygiene Students Before given Reproduction Equipment Health Education (Pre Test) at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang 2014

Table 5.3Score Frequency Distribution of Attitudes About Personal Hygiene Tool Before Reproductive

Health Education given at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang in 2014 (n = 64)

No Variable Mean

Median

SD Min- Max

95%CI

1. Score Attitudes about personal hygiene before a given reproductive health education

31,05 31,00 2,60

9

24-36 30,40-

31,70

Sources: Data though the results of the study (Hardiyanti, 2014)

From Table 5.3, the results of the analysis of the frequency distribution data obtained an average score of attitude before given health education was 31.05

(95% CI 30.40 to 31.70). Attitude scores lowest and highest 24 36 with a standard deviation of 2.609.

4. Attitudes About Personal Hygiene Tool Schoolgirl Having given Reproductive Health Education (Post Test) at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang 2014

Table 5.4Score Frequency Distribution of Attitudes About Personal Hygiene Tool Reproductive Health

Education Having given in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang in 2014 (n = 64)

No Variable Mean

Median

SD Min- Max 95%CI

1. Score Attitudes about personal 35,69 36,00 2,60 30-40 35,04-

hygiene after a given reproductive health education

6 36,34

Sources: Data though the results of the study (Hardiyanti, 2014)From table 5.4 the results of the

analysis of the frequency distribution data obtained an average score of attitude after being given health education was 35.69 (95% CI 35.04 to 36.34). Attitude scores

lowest and highest 30 40 with a standard deviation of 2.606. The data indicate that an increase in student attitudes about personal hygiene reproduction.

Bivariate Analysis

Bivariate analysis aims to determine differences in student knowledge and attitudes about personal hygiene before and after the reproductive health education

was given. Statistical analysis in this study using T test (paired T test) and the Wilcoxon test as an alternative statistical test, if the test T can not be done. Relationships were considered statistically significant if the P value ≤ α (0.05) (Hastono, 2001).

Test For NormalityTable 5.5

One Sample Kolmogorov – Smirnov Test

No One Sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test Asymp.Sig (2-Tailed)1.2.3.4.

Knowledge Pre TestKnowledge Post TestAttitude Pre TestAttitude Post Test

0,0000,0000,0000,013

Sources: Data though the results of the study (Hardiyanti, 2014)

From Table 5.5 it can be seen the results of tests of normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) that the p value on knowledge variables ie ≥ 0.005 0.000 0.000 at pre-test and post test. While the p value on attitudinal variables ie ≥ 0.005 0.000 0.013 at pre-

test and post test. So that said data distribution is not normal, because the P value ≥ α (0.05) so that the test T can not be used, then an alternative statistical test, namely the Wilcoxon statistical test.

1. Differences Knowledge Students About Personal Hygiene Before and After Tool Reproductive Health Education given at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang 2014

Table 5.6Distribution of Respondents by Awareness of Personal Hygiene Before and After Tool

Reproductive Health Education given at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang in 2014 (n = 64)

No

Knowledge of Personal Hygiene Equipment Reproduction

Number Mean P value

1.2.3.

Knowledge after <knowledge beforeKnowledge after > knowledge beforeKnowledge after = knowledge before

05410

0,0027,50 0,000

Number 64 0,000

Sources: Data though the results of the study (Hardiyanti, 2014)

From Table 5.6 it can be seen that of the 64 respondents, 54 respondents experienced changes towards a better knowledge about reproductive pesonal hygiene with an average value of 27.50 and 10 respondents who did not experience a change in knowledge.

Based on the statistical result obtained by using the Wilcoxon test p

value <α (0.000 <0.05), it can be concluded that there were significant differences on the personal knowledge of the young women of reproductive hygiene before and after a given health education in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang 2014.

2. Differences Students Attitudes About Personal Hygiene Before and After Tool Reproductive Health Education given at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang 2014

Table 5.7Distribution of Respondents According to Attitudes About Personal Hygiene Before and After

Tool Reproductive Health Education given at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang 2014 (n = 64)

No

Knowledge of Personal Hygiene Equipment Reproduction

Number Mean P value

1.2.3.

Attitude after <attitude before Attitude after > attitude beforeAttitude after = attitude before

2611

4,5032,90 0,000

Number 64 0,000Sources: Data though the results of the study (Hardiyanti, 2014)

From Table 5.7 it can be seen that of the 64 respondents, 61 respondents had a positive change in attitude toward the pesonal hygiene reproduction with an average value of 32.90 and 2 respondents who experienced a change in attitude towards the negative with an average value of 4.50 and 1 respondent who did not experience a change in attitude.

Based on the statistical result obtained by using the Wilcoxon test p value <α (0.000 <0.05), it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in attitudes of young women about personal hygiene before and after the reproductive health education given at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang 2014.

Discussion

Differences Knowledge and Attitudes About Personal Hygiene Students Before and After Tool Reproductive Health Education Given

From the results of bivariate analysis of the knowledge that of 64 respondents, 54 respondents experienced changes towards a better knowledge about reproductive pesonal hygiene with an average value of 27.50 and 10 respondents who did not experience a change in knowledge. While the results of bivariate analysis showed that the attitude of the 64 respondents, 61 respondents had a positive change in attitude toward the pesonal hygiene reproduction with an average value of 32.89 and 2 respondents who experienced a change in attitude towards the negative with an average value of 5, 00 and 1 respondent who did not experience a change in attitude.

Based on the statistical result obtained by using the Wilcoxon test p value <α (0.000 <0.05), it can be concluded that there are significant differences in student knowledge and attitudes about personal hygiene before and after the reproductive health education given at SMK Muhammadiyah Palembang 2014.

This research was supported by Notoatmodjo theory (2007), stated that the attitude indicator for health is also in line with the health knowledge: attitudes towards illness and disease, attitude and way of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and attitude against environmental health.

The results of this study are supported by research conducted by Dhuangga (2012), about the effectiveness of health education on hygiene feminine hygiene knowledge and attitudes towards young women in dealing with whitish SMP Negeri 11 Pekanbaru in Riau. The results showed that the value of the average change in the attitude of young women has increased from pre-given health education ie 17.73 becomes 18.30 after the health education given by a margin of 0.57.

Based on the results of existing research and theory, researchers argue that the knowledge and attitude of students in particular knowledge and attitudes about personal hygiene reproduction can be obtained from the formal and non-formal education. In non-formal own knowledge and attitudes about personal hygiene reproductive health education was obtained from. This means that health education conducted by researchers succeeded because of an increase in student knowledge and attitudes about personal hygiene reproduction in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang.

It can be concluded that there were significant differences in knowledge and attitude about personal hygiene students before and after the reproductive health education given at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang in 2014. This means that the

delivery of health education is beneficial to increase student knowledge and positive attitudes about personal hygiene reproduction.

Limitations Of ResearchIn conducting this study researchers

used a questionnaire research instruments so that the quality of the data depends on the motivation of the respondent to answer dishonestly as influenced fear or shy when expressing their opinions and experiences.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONSConclusion

Based on the purpose, hypothesis, and the results of research that has been conducted on 64 students in SMK Muhammadiyah Palembang 2014 3 it can be concluded that:1. There were significant differences

student knowledge about personal hygiene before and after the reproductive health education was given. This is evidenced by the Wilcoxon test obtained p value ≤ α (0.05 ≤ 0.000).

2. There were significant differences student attitudes about personal hygiene before and after the reproductive health education was given. This is evidenced by the Wilcoxon test obtained p value ≤ α (0.05 ≤ 0.000).

Suggestion1.Those SMK Muhammadiyah 3

PalembangIt is expected that the school can

establish cross-sector cooperation with the health centers and other health institutions in improving health information, especially information about personal hygiene reproduction, as well as adding health education subjects as one additional lesson to be extracurricular.

2.Stikes For Educational Institutions Muhammadiyah Palembang

Cooperating with the school to provide health education and information

to increase student knowledge about personal hygiene reproductive media melalai leaflets, posters and so forth.

3.For Further Research This research is expected to continue

to examine other variables that have not been thoroughly writer with a larger sample size and design of the study design or the other.

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