Istilah Penanganan Muatan Dan Transportasi Laut

8/10/2019 Istilah Penanganan Muatan Dan Transportasi Laut

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Shipper : Shipper adalah Exporteer atau si Pengirim barang. Nama dan alamat lengkap Shipper

harus tertulis jelas didalam dokumen2 seperti : Bill Of Lading, Packing List, Commercial Invoice,

COO, PEB (Pemberitahuan Export Barang), PIB (Pemberitahuan Import Barang ketika Importir

mengurus proses pengeluaran barang dari Pelabuhan).

Consignee :Consignee adalah Importeer atau si Penerima barang. Nama dan alamat lengkapConsignee harus tertulis jelas didalam dokumen2 seperti : Bill Of Lading, Packing List,

Commercial Invoice, COO, PEB (Pemberitahuan Export Barang), PIB (Pemberitahuan Import

Barang ketika Importir mengurus proses pengeluaran barang dari Pelabuhan).

Notify Party :Notify Party adalah pihak kedua setelah Consignee yang berhak untuk di beritahu

tentang adanya suatu pengiriman dan penerimaan barang export / import. Dalam prakteknya,

Nama dan Alamat Notify Party ini sama dengan nama dan Alamat Consignee. Tetapi ini semua

tergantung dari perjanjian awal antara pihak Shipper dan Importeer. Nama dan alamat lengkap

Notify Party harus tertulis jelas didalam dokumen2 seperti : Bill Of Lading, Packing List,

Commercial Invoice, COO. Atau jika Notify Part sama dengan Consignee maka cukup ditulis

SAME AS CONSIGNEE.

Shipping Mark & Number : Shipping Marks & Number adalah jumlah carton dan tanda

pengiriman yang tercantum di kemasan barang. Data Shipping Marks & Number ini tercantum

didalam Packing List dan Bill Of Lading.

Description of Goods : Adalah perincian barang. Description of Goods ini terdapat didalam

Packing List (Lengkap) dan Bill Of Lading. Hanya saja penulisan data Description of Goods pada

Bill Of Lading lebih sederhana atau hanya garis besarnya saja. Misalnya, didalam Packing List

tertulis 2 drum minyak tanah, 5 jerigen bensin, 10 kalen g oli bekas. Maka pada Bill Of Lading

cukup ditulis 17 Packages (total kemasan) of minyak tanah, bensin and oli bekas.

LCL: Less than Container Loaded yaitu jenis pengiriman barang tanpa menggunakan container

dengan kata lain parsial. Jika kita menggunakan jenis pengiriman LCL, maka barang yang kita

kirim itu ditujukan ke Gudang penumpukan dari shipping agent. Lalu dari pihak Gudang

tersebut akan mengumpulkan barang2 kiriman LCL lain hingga memenuhi quota untuk di

loading / di muat ke dalam container.

FCL : Full Container Loaded yaitu jenis pengiriman barang dengan menggunakan container.

Walaupun quantity barang tersebut lebih pantas dengan mode LCL, tetapi jika shipper

mengirimkan barangnya dengan menggunakan container maka jenis pengiriman ini disebut

dengan FCL. Pengiriman barang dengan mode FCL maka kita harus mendatangkan container ke

Gudang kita untuk process stuffing (proses pemuatan barang). Setelah stuffing selesai,

container itu kita segel dan kita kirimkan ke Tempat Penumpukan Peti Kemas di pelabuhan.

Proses bagaimana cara mendatangkan container ke gudang kita akan di jelaskan pada bab yang

lain.


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CFS :Container Freight Station yaitu mode pengiriman dari Gudang LCL Negara asal sampai ke

Gudang LCL Negara tujuan. CFS-CFS menandakan bahwa mode pengiriman barang tersebut

dengan cara LCL.

CY :Container Yard yaitu mode pengiriman dari Tempat Penumpukan Peti Kemas Negara asal

sampai ke Tempat Penumpukan Peti Kemas Negara tujuan. CY-CY menandakan modepengiriman barang tersebut secara FCL.

Feeder Vessel :Kapal pengangkut container dengan kapasitas kecil yang mengangkut container

dari pelabuhan muat menuju pelabuhan transit untuk di pindah ke Mother Vessel. Contoh : dari

Tg. Priok menuju ke Singapore atau Hongkong.dsb

Mother Vessel : Kapal pengangkut dengan kapasitas besar yang mengangkut container dari

pelabuhan transit menuju pelabuhan tujuan. Catatan : Jika pengiriman barang dari pelabuhan

muat (misalnya : Tg. Priok, Jakarta ) menuju pelabuhan bongkar (misalnya : Busan, Korea)

dengan menggunakan 1 Kapal saja maka tidak ada istilah Feeder Vessel dan Mother Vessel.

Istilah Feeder Vessel dan Mother Vessel jika pengiriman barang dari pelabuhan muat ke

pelabuhan bongkar tersebut menggalami pergantian kapal. Misalnya : Pelabuhan muat Tg.

Priok dan Pelabuhan bongkarnya Los Angeles, California. Sementara route pengiriman itu

melalui Jakarta Singapore menggunakan Kapal YM Glory dan Singapore Los Angeles, CA

mengunakan Kapal Hanjin Sao Paulo. Maka Feeder Vessel nya adalah YM Glory dan Mother

Vesselnya adalah Hanjin Sao Paulo.

Voyage : Nomor Keberangkatan Kapal yang biasa disingkat dengan V. atau Voy.. Nomor

keberangkatan harus selalu ada dibelakang nama Kapal. Contoh : YM Glory V. 23 artinya Nama

Kapal YM Glory dengan nomor keberangkatan kapal (Voyage) 23.

Bill Of Lading :atau biasa di singkat dengan B/L, arti sederhananya adalah Konosemen atau

bukti pengiriman barang dan pengambilan barang. Form Bill Of Lading itu sendiri harus sudah

mendapatkan legalitas dari dunia International sebagai alat / bukti pengiriman dan

pengambilan barang export / import. Didalam Bill of Lading memuat data2 Shipper, Consignee,

Notify Party, Vessel & Voy. No., Shipping Marks & Numbers, Description of Goods, GW, NW,

Measurement, POD, POL, Destination

Despatch : Pengiriman ; lamanya kapal singgah dipelabuhan ; penyelesainan pemuatan atau

pembongkaran lebih cepat dari waktu yang disetujui. Despacth Money : Uang Kompensasi

despacth

Deviation Clause : Keterlambatan kapal yang disebabkan oleh perubahan track atau haluan

kapal untuk menghindari bahaya navigasi yang mengancam. Keterlambatan karena perubahan

haluan kapal tersebut ditanggung oleh kedua belah pihak (Shipper & Carrier).

Direct B/L: B/L mengenai muatan yang ditujukan langsung ke pelabuhan tertentu


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Dry Container: Peti Kemas untuk barang kering dalam bentuk umum. Peti kemas dari jenis ini

digunakan antara lain untuk membawa barang-barang campuran atau general cargo dimana

tidak diperlukan sesuatu perlakuan khusus seperti udara dan peranginan laintai, dinding dan

pintunya dibuat sedemikian rupa sehingga cukup menjamin keamanan barang.

Endorsee : orang yang kepada siapa pemegang B/L memindahkan haknya atas B/L yangbersangkutan . Endorsment: pemindahan hak atas order B/L

Excep Bewijs: tanda bukti kekurangan ; non delivery report

Expenses: Biaya2 kapal selama di pelabuhan

Faktur Penjualan : document yang membenarkan bahwa eksportir secara sah tidak memberi

barang yang diluar kepada si pembeli.

Feeder Service : satu pelayaran yang melayani angkutan antara pelabuhan pedalaman dengan

pelabuhan induk

First Carrier : pengangkut pertama yang mengangkut dari pelabuhan pemuatan sampai

pelabuhan transshipment.

Flat Rack : Jenis Container yang berupa container terbuka yang berfungsi untuk memuat

barang-barang yang tidak di pack.

Flenzen : Muatan yang datangnya terlambat pada saat kapal berangkat sehingga belum

ditempatkan di palka dengan baik (temporary stowage)

Force Majeur : Keadaan/situasi yang tidak dapat dikuasai dengan tindakan manusia.

Free In (FI) : syarat pengapalan yang menetapkan bahwa biaya pemuatan dibayar oleh

pengiriman/pencharter/charterer

Free In & Out Stowage (FIOS): Biaya-biaya pemuatan, pembongkaran dan pemadatan muatan

ditanggung oleh pemilik muatan atau pencharter kapal.

Free of Capture and Seizure (FC & S) : Bebas dari kerugian akibat penangkapan dan penahanan

barang pertanggungan oleh penguasa/pemerintah.

Free on Board (FOB): Syarat penjualan yang menetapkan bahwa penjual menanggung biaya-

biaya sampai barang dimuat di atas kapal.

Free Out (FO): Syarat pengapalan yang menetapkan bahwa biaya pembongkaran dibayar oleh

Consignee/charterer.


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Liner Service: dinas pelayaran dengan route tetap dan teratur.

Optional Bill of Lading : B/L mengenai muatan yang pelabuhan tujuannya masih akan dipilih

dari 2 atau 3 pelabuhan yang disetujui.

Over Carriage Cargo: keadaan dimana suatu muatan terbawa melewati pelabuhan bongkarnyakarena kelalaian dalam membongkar.

Over in Dispute : Selisih Hitungan (collie dihitung lebih banyak dari pada yang disebut dalam

dokumen)

Over Stowage Cargo : keadaan dimana suatu muatan yang akan dibongkar berada dibagian

bawah muatan yang akan di bongkar dipelabuhan berikutnya.

Revenue ton : ukuran untuk menentukan Freight (uang tambat), pertimbangan antara berat

dan Volume barang.

Safe Working Load (SWL) : Keamanan Muat ; Berat beban maksimum yang dapat diangkut

dengan aman.

Second Carrier : Pengangkut kedua yang mengambil bagian dari pelabuhan transshipment

sampai ke pelabuhan tujuan.

Shipping document : dokumen-document pengapalan muatan, seperti Shiping Order (SO),

Cargo Manifest, Bill of Lading, Mates receipt, Delivery Order, Invoice, Marine Insurance Policy,

C.B.L

Shipping order : surat perintah yang dikeluarkan perusahaan atau agennya yang ditujukan

kepada nahkoda atau perwira kapal untuk memuat barang sesuai yang tertera pada shipping

order tersebut ; surat tanda bukti pembukuan muatan untuk dikapalkan.

Shortlanded Cargo: jumlah muatan yang dibongkar kurang dari yang sebenarnya.

Stevedoring: hal memuat dan membongkar kapal

Stowage Plan : bagan kapal dimana muatan ditempatkan, dilengkapi dengan data-data

pelabuhan muat dan pelabuhan bongkar, nama barang, jumlah dan beratnya.

Straight Bill of Lading : Konosemen mengenai muatan yang dikapalkan langsung kepada

penerima (Consignee) tertentu : Recta B/L.

Stripping : Pembongkaran atau pengeluaran barang dari dalam container, di CFS atau tempat

lain atau disebut juga Unstuffing. Stuffing : Pemuatan barang kedalam container.


5/11

Surcharge: uang tambahan dari freight rate oleh karena ukuran/berat muatan melebihi ukuran

yang ditentukan ; Biaya tambahan

A

Air Waybill (Abbreviation: AWB)

A document made out by or on behalf of the carrier(s) confirming receipt of the goods by thecarrier and evidencing the contract between the shipper and the carrier(s) for the carriage of

goods as described therein.

Arbitrary

A fixed amount added to a rate to one station to make a rate to another station.

Arrival Notice

A notice from the ocean carrier to the notify party, indicating the vessels estimated arrivaldate; identifying shipment details such as number of packages, weight, and container number;

and indicating when free time expires. Often includes a freight invoice.

B

Bill of Lading

Abbreviation: B/L, plural B/Ls.

A document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea.

Express B/LNon-negotiable where there are no printed copies of original B/L.

Bill of Sale

Confirms the transfer of ownership of certain goods to another person in return for money paid

or loaned.

Booking

The offering by a shipper of cargo for transport and the acceptance of the offering by the carrieror his agent.

Booking Reference Number

The number assigned to a certain booking by the carrier or his agent.
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C

Certificate of Origin

A certificate, showing the country of original production of goods. Frequently used by customs

in ascertaining duties under preferential tariff programs or in connection with regulating importsfrom specific sources.

Commercial Invoice

A document showing commercial values of the transaction between the buyer and seller.

Especially needed for airfreight shipments.

Consignee

The party such as mentioned in the transport document by whom the goods, cargo or containers

are to be received.

Consolidation Containerice

Container stuffed with several shipments (consignments) from different shippers for delivery to

one or more consignees.

Container Freight Station (Abbreviation: CFS

A facility at which (export) LCL cargo is received from merchants for loading (stuffing) into

containers or at which (import) LCL cargo is unloaded (stripped) from containers and deliveredto merchants.

Container Number

Identification number (container prefix) of a container consisting of prefix and serial number and

check digit. (e.g. MAEU 123456-7)

Container Service Charges

Charges at destination to be paid by cargo interests as per tariff. This charge is consideredaccessorial and is added to the base ocean freight. It covers crane lifts off the vessel, drayage of

the container within the terminal and gate fees at the terminal operation.

Cut-Off Time

The latest time cargo/container may be delivered to a terminal for loading to a scheduled train orship.
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D

Dangerous Goods

Goods are to be considered dangerous if the transport of such goods might cause harm, risk,

peril, or other evil to people, environment, equipment or any property whatsoever.

Dangerous Goods Declarations

Document issued by a consignor in accordance with applicable conventions or regulations,describing hazardous goods or materials for transport purposes, and stating that the latter have

been packed and labeled in accordance with the provisions of the relevant conventions orregulations.

Dangerous Goods Packing Certificate

A document as part of the dangerous goods declaration in which the responsible party declaresthat the cargo has been stowed in accordance with the rules in a clean container in compliancewith the IMDG regulations and properly secured.

Demurrage

Additional charge imposed for exceeding the free time which is included in the rate and allowed

for the use of a container or other equipment at the terminal.

Dock Receipt (Abbreviation: D/R)

A document issued which includes booking number, WSA REF#,shipment description, physical

details and shipping information. Used by both shipper and carrier to verify shipment particulars,condition, and delivery to carrier.

Door-to-Door

Through transportation of a container and its contents or cargo from consignor to consignee.

Also known as House to House. Not necessarily a through rate.

E

Estimated Time of Arrival (Abbreviation: ETA)

The expected date and time of arrival in a certain (air)port.

Estimated Time of Departure (Abbreviation: ETD)

The expected date and time when a certain (air)port is left.
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Export License

A government document which permits the License to engage in the export of designated

goods to certain destinations.

Export Request Form

Document showing the Shipping Instruction, advising details of cargo, cargo routing andpayment terms.

F / G

Free Time

Time allowed shippers or receivers to load or unload cargo before demurrage, detention, and

other charges accrue

Freight Collect

Freight charges to be paid by the consignee at destination.

Freight Prepaid

Freight charges to be paid by the shipper/exporter prior to sail.

Full Container Load (Abbreviation: FCL)

see also Less Than Container Load

Gross Ton

1 gross ton = 2,240 pounds.

H / I

High Cube

Any container which exceeds 8 feet 6 inches (102 inches) in height. see container type

Import License

A government document whichpermits the License to engage in the import of designated

goods into certain countries.
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J / K

Kilogram

1 kg = 1,000 grams = 2.2046 pounds.

L

Letter of Credit (Abbreviation: L/C)

A written undertaking by a bank (issuing bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the request,

and on the instructions of the buyer (applicant) to pay at sight or at a determinable future date upto a stated sum of money, within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents.

Less than Container Load (Abbreviation: LCL)

For operational purposes a LCL (Less than full container load) container is considered acontainer in which multiple consignments or parts thereof are shipped.

Long Ton

1 Long Ton = 2,240 pounds.

M

Marine Insurance Policy

An insurance policy protecting the insured against loss or damage to his goods occurredduringocean transport.

Metric Ton

1 metric ton = 1,000 kilograms = 2,204.6 pounds.

N

Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier Abbreviation: NVOCC

A party who undertakes to carry goods and issues in his own name a Bill of Lading for such

carriage, without having own vessel or the availability of own means of transport.

Notify Party

The party to be notified of arrival of goods. Address of the party other than the consignee to beadvised of the arrival of the goods.
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O

Oncarriage

The carriage of goods (containers) by any mode of transport to the place of delivery after

discharge from the ocean vessel (main means of transport) at the port (place) of discharge.

Open Top Container

A freight container similar in all respects to a general purpose container except that it has norigid roof but may have a flexible and movable or removable cover, for example one made of

canvas or plastic or reinforced plastic material normally supported on movable or removable roofbows. see container type

P / Q

Packing List

Itemized list specifying the contents of each individual package with marks/numbers.

Port of Discharge

The port where the cargo is actually discharged (unloaded) from the sea (ocean) going vessel.

Port of Loading

The port where the cargo is actually loaded on board the sea (ocean) going vessel.

Precarriage

The carriage of goods (containers) by any mode of transport from the place of receipt to the port

(place) of loading into the ocean vessel (main means of transport).

R

Reefer Container

Refrigerated container. A thermal container with refrigerating appliances to control thetemperature of cargo. see container type

Ro/Ro

Roll-on/roll-off Vessel used for carrying automobiles and light trucks. Vehicles are driven onand driven off, as opposed to being loaded with cranes or other external equipment. Also used

for wheeled cargo (boats, trailer, machinery) that can be rolled on or off the vessel, either by itsown power (self-propelled) or towed on and off.
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S / T

Shipper

The merchant (person) by whom, in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of

goods has been concluded with a carrier or any party by whom, in whose name or on whosebehalf the goods are actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage.

Short Ton (Abbreviation: ST)

short ton = 2,000 lbs.

Storage Charge

The fee for keeping goods/container in a warehouse/terminal after free time runs out.

Transhipment

An operation whereby cargo is discharged from the vessel in a port en route and subsequently

reloaded onto another vessel to reach its final destination.

U / V

W

WSA Reference Number (Abbreviation: WSA REF# )

The number assigned to a certain shipment/booking by Worldwide Shipping Agency.

Waiting Time

The period of time between the moment at which container is delivered and when container isready to leave. Free waiting time is between 1-3 hours. Waiting time thereafter is on the account

of shipper/consignee.
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