DESAIN INVERTER SATU FASA DENGAN MONITORING DAYA ... · DESAIN INVERTER SATU FASA DENGAN MONITORING...

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DESAIN INVERTER SATU FASA DENGAN MONITORING

DAYA MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO

HALAMAN JUDUL

SKRIPSI

Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat

untuk memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Teknik

Oleh :

JOHAN TRY AFFANDY

NIM. I0715014

PRODI TEKNIK ELEKTRO

FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET

SURAKARTA

2019


HALAMAN SURAT PENUGASAN


HALAMAN PERNYATAAN INTEGRITAS PENULIS


HALAMAN PENGESAHAN


v

DESAIN INVERTER SATU FASA DENGAN MONITORING DAYA

MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO

Johan Try Affandy

ABSTRAK

abstrak

Inverter merupakan alat yang berfungsi untuk mengubah listrik DC menjadi

listrik AC. Dalam pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan seperti PLTS

(Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya) inverter sangat diperlukan. Selain itu inverter

banyak digunakan dalam teknologi lain seperti kontrol motor, air conditioner,

kendaraan listrik, kereta listrik dan lain-lain. Pada penelitian ini dibuat inverter

dengan monitoring daya secara realtime untuk mengetahui efisiensi inverter.

Inverter yang dibuat menggunakan modulasi pwm unipolar dan topologi full H

bridge. Sinyal pwm dihasilkan dari mikrokontroler arduino yang akan

mengendalikan pensaklaran MOSFET. Monitoring daya dilakukan dengan

memasang sensor tegangan DC dan sensor arus DC INA219 sedangkan pada sisi

output menggunakan sensor PZEM 004t(v3) dan hasil pembacaan akan ditampilkan

pada layar OLED 1.3’. Eksperimen berhasil dilakukan dengan menghasilkan

gelombang sinyal output mendekati sinus dengan frekuensi 50 Hz dan tegangan 220

V AC. Efisiensi inverter tergantung pada beban yang dipasang. Saat beban dipasang

15W efisiensi total sebesar 31,83 % sedangkan saat dipasang beban 5W efisiensi

total sebesar 34,72% dan saat dipasang beban charger hp efisiensi total sebesar

49,96%. Efisiensi inverter rendah karena pengaruh rugi rugi dari trafo yang

memiliki efisiensi sebesar 46,4%.

Kata kunci : Inverter, Full H bridge, Modulasi Unipolar, Monitoring Daya,

Arduino Uno.


vi

SINGLE PHASE INVERTER DESIGN WITH POWER MONITORING

USING ARDUINO

Johan Try Affandy

abstract

Inverter is an electronic device which able to convert DC electricity into AC

electricity. In the development of renewable energy resources, for example solar

power plants inverters are needed. In addition, inverters are widely used in other

technologies such as motor control, air conditioner, electric vehicles, electric trains

and others. In this research an inverter is made by realtime power monitoring to

measure the efficiency of the inverter. Inverters are made using unipolar pwm

modulation and full H bridge topology. PWM signals are generated from Arduino

microcontrollers that will control MOSFET switching. Power monitoring is done

by installing a DC voltage sensor and INA219 DC current sensor while on the

output side using the PZEM 004t (v3) sensor and results will be displayed on the

OLED 1.3’ screen. The experiment was successfully carried out by producing an

approaching sine wave signal with a frequency of 50 Hz and 220 V AC voltage.

Efficiency of the inverter depends on the installed load. When the 15W load is

installed the efficiency of the inverter is 31.83% while when the 5W load is installed

the efficiency of the inverter is 34.72%. and when the smartphone charger is

installed the total efficiency was 49.96%. The efficiency of the inverter is low due

to the effect of loss from the transformer which has an efficiency of 46.4%.

Keywords: Inverter, Full H Bridge, Unipolar Modulation, Power Monitoring,

Arduino Uno.


vii

KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah, puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala

rahmat, taufik, hidayah, serta karunia-Nya sehingga skripsi ini berhasil diselesaikan

dengan judul “Desain Inverter Satu Fasa Dengan Monitoring Daya Menggunakan

Arduino”.

Laporan skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan dengan menerapkan ilmu studi di

perkuliahan proram studi teknik elektro serta arahan, bimbingan dan dukungan dari

berbagai pihak sebagai syarat kelulusan mata kuliah Skripsi/Tugas Akhir pada

Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.

Penulis menyadari bahwa banyak pihak telah memberi bantuan dan dukungan

dalam penyusunan laporan skripsi ini. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin menyampaikan

rasa terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada:

1. Bapak Hari Maghfiroh, S.T., M.Eng. M.Sc. selaku dosen pembimbing atas

bimbingan, bantuan, dan waktu yang telah diberikan.

2. Bapak Prof. Muhammad Nizam, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. selaku dosen

pembimbing dan akademis atas bimbingan, bantuan dan waktu yang telah

diberikan.

3. Bapak Dr.Ir. Augustinus Sujono M.T. atas bimbingan, bantuan, dan waktu

yang telah diberikan.

4. Bapak Feri Adriyanto, S.Pd., M.Si., Ph.D. selaku kepada program studi

teknik elektro UNS atas bantuan dan dorongan yang telah diberikan.

5. Bapak Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim, S.T., M.Eng. dan Bapak Jaka Sulistya

Budi, S.T. selaku koordinator tugas akhir.

6. Segenap dosen dan karyawan Program Studi Teknik Elektro UNS.

7. Salman Al Farisi yang telah membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan

rangkaian, bootstrap capacitor dan grounding.

8. Ryoki Martfuadi, Muhammad Gunawan, Kirana Dyah Utari, Arifian Tri

Laksita, dan Arthur Joshua Titus selaku teman sesama bimbingan dengan

Bapak Hari Maghfiroh.

9. Muhammad Akmal yang telah membantu pembuatan PCB.


viii

10. Seluruh teman-teman Teknik Elektro Universias Sebelas Maret Surakarta

dan teman-teman lainnya yang telah memberikan bantuan dan forum

diskusi.

11. Segenap keluarga yang telah memberikan doa, dukungan dan kasih sayang

kepada penulis.

Penulis menyadari bahwa selama proses penelitian dan penyusunan laporan

skripsi ini mengalami banyak kesulitan, kendala dan masalah. Penulis memohon

maaf apabila terdapat kesalahan dalam penulisan skripsi ini. Penulis juga menyadari

bahwa skripsi ini masih belum sempurna, sehingga kritik dan saran yang

membangun sangat diharapkan. Semoga skripsi ini dapat menghasilkan laporan

yang bermanfaat bagi banyak pihak.

Surakarta, 31 Oktober 2019

Johan Try Affandy

NIM. I0715014


ix

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................ i

HALAMAN SURAT PENUGASAN ..................................................................... ii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN INTEGRITAS PENULIS ..................................... iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN................................................................................ iv

ABSTRAK ...............................................................................................................v

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xii

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xiv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN SIMBOL..............................................................xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 2

1.3 Tujuan ....................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Manfaat ..................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................... 3

BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................................4

2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................. 4

2.2 Inverter ..................................................................................................... 7

2.2.1 Keluaran Inverter .............................................................................. 7

2.2.2 Topologi Inverter .............................................................................. 8

2.3 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) ............................................................ 11

2.3.1 Bipolar Modulation ......................................................................... 11

2.3.2 Unipolar Modulation ....................................................................... 13

2.4 Regulator Tegangan ............................................................................... 14

2.5 MOSFET ................................................................................................ 15

2.6 MOSFET Driver ..................................................................................... 15

2.7 Transformator ......................................................................................... 16

2.8 Arduino Uno ........................................................................................... 17

2.9 INA219 ................................................................................................... 18

2.10 Sensor Tegangan DC .......................................................................... 19


x

2.11 PZEM-004 .......................................................................................... 19

2.12 OLED .................................................................................................. 20

2.13 Proteus ................................................................................................ 21

2.14 Arduino IDE ....................................................................................... 22

2.15 SmartSine ............................................................................................ 23

2.16 Efisiensi .............................................................................................. 23

BAB III METODOLOGI ......................................................................................24

3.1 Waktu Dan Tempat Penelitian ............................................................... 24

3.2 Alat Dan Bahan ...................................................................................... 24

3.2.1 Instrumen dan komponen ................................................................ 24

3.2.2 Perangkat kerja ................................................................................ 24

3.2.3 Bahan............................................................................................... 25

3.3 Metode Penelitian ................................................................................... 25

3.3.1 Perancangan awal inverter .............................................................. 26

3.3.2 Perancangan Simulasi ..................................................................... 36

3.3.3 Pembuatan hardware ....................................................................... 38

3.3.4 Pengujian ......................................................................................... 39

3.3.5 Eksperimen dan Pengambilan Data ................................................ 39

3.3.6 Analisis Dan Penutup ...................................................................... 40

BAB IV HASIL DAN ANALISA ........................................................................41

4.1 Simulasi .................................................................................................. 41

4.1.1 Sinyal Input ..................................................................................... 41

4.1.2 Sinyal IR2110 ................................................................................. 42

4.1.3 Sinyal Output .................................................................................. 43

4.1.4 Perhitungan Daya ............................................................................ 45

4.2 Pembacaan Sensor .................................................................................. 46

4.2.1 Tegangan DC .................................................................................. 46

4.2.2 Arus DC .......................................................................................... 47

4.2.3 Tegangan AC .................................................................................. 49

4.2.4 Arus AC .......................................................................................... 50

4.3 Hardware ................................................................................................ 51

4.3.1 Sinyal Input ..................................................................................... 51


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4.3.2 Sinyal IR2110 ................................................................................. 52

4.3.3 Sinyal Output .................................................................................. 53

4.3.4 Perhitungan Daya ............................................................................ 54

4.4 Eksperimen ............................................................................................. 55

4.4.1 Beban Lampu Pijar 15W ................................................................. 55

4.4.2 Beban Lampu Pijar 5W ................................................................... 57

4.4.3 Beban Charger HP .......................................................................... 59

4.4.4 Pengujian Inverter Sebelum Trafo .................................................. 61

4.4.5 Pengujian Dengan Dimmer ............................................................. 62

4.4.6 Efisiensi Trafo ................................................................................. 63

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN................................................................64

5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 64

5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 64

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................65

LAMPIRAN ...........................................................................................................67


xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1 Keluaran inverter 1 fasa dan 3 fasa [10] ............................................ 7

Gambar 2. 2 Square, Modified dan Pure Sine Wave [3] ......................................... 8

Gambar 2. 3 Half-Bridge inverter satu fasa [11]..................................................... 9

Gambar 2. 4 Siklus Half-Bridge [12] ...................................................................... 9

Gambar 2. 5 Full Half-Bridge inverter satu fasa [11] ........................................... 10

Gambar 2. 6 Siklus atas Full H-Bridge [12] ......................................................... 10

Gambar 2. 7 Siklus bawah Full H-Bridge [12] ..................................................... 11

Gambar 2. 8 Bipolar Modulation [3]..................................................................... 12

Gambar 2. 9 Bentuk Gelombang Modulasi Bipolar [8] ........................................ 12

Gambar 2. 10 Unipolar Modulation [3] ................................................................ 13

Gambar 2. 11 Bentuk Gelombang Modulasi Unipolar [8] .................................... 14

Gambar 2.12 Aplikasi sirkuit [13] ........................................................................ 14

Gambar 2. 13 IRF3205 [14] .................................................................................. 15

Gambar 2. 14 Rangkaian MOSFET Driver IR2110 [15] ...................................... 15

Gambar 2. 15 IR2110 ............................................................................................ 16

Gambar 2. 16 Transformator ................................................................................. 16

Gambar 2. 17Arduino Uno R3 .............................................................................. 18

Gambar 2. 18 INA219 ........................................................................................... 19

Gambar 2. 19 Modul Sensor Tegangan................................................................. 19

Gambar 2. 20 Wiring Diagram PZEM [17] .......................................................... 20

Gambar 2. 21 PZEM 004t (v3) ............................................................................. 20

Gambar 2. 22 Layar OLED 1.3’ ........................................................................... 21

Gambar 2. 23 Isis Proteus Design Suite ................................................................ 22

Gambar 2. 24 Arduino IDE ................................................................................... 22

Gambar 2. 25 Smart Sine ...................................................................................... 23

Gambar 3. 1 Diagram Alir .................................................................................... 25

Gambar 3. 2 Diagram Alir (sambungan)............................................................... 26

Gambar 3. 3 Diagram Blok Rangkaian ................................................................. 27

Gambar 3. 4 Rangkaian Inverter ........................................................................... 28

Gambar 3. 5 Smart Sine ........................................................................................ 29

Gambar 3. 6 Sampel dutycycle PWM ................................................................... 30

Gambar 3. 7 Inisiasi PWM .................................................................................... 30

Gambar 3. 8 Pembangkitan PWM ........................................................................ 31

Gambar 3. 9 Full H-Bridge ................................................................................... 33

Gambar 3. 10 Proses Switching [11] .................................................................... 33

Gambar 3. 11 Timing Diagram ............................................................................. 34

Gambar 3. 12 Rangkaian Simulasi ........................................................................ 36

Gambar 3. 13 Rangkaian Simulasi Sinyal Input ................................................... 37

Gambar 3. 14 Rangkaian Simulasi Sinyal IR2110 ............................................... 37


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Gambar 3. 15 Rangkaian Pcb ................................................................................ 38

Gambar 4. 1 Simulasi Sinyal Input ....................................................................... 41

Gambar 4. 2 Simulasi Sinyal IR2110 .................................................................... 42

Gambar 4. 3 Sinyal Output Simulasi Tanpa Beban .............................................. 43

Gambar 4. 4 Sinyal Output Simulasi Beban 15W ................................................ 44

Gambar 4. 5 Sinyal Output Simulasi Beban 5 W ................................................. 45

Gambar 4. 6 Grafik Sensor Tegangan DC ............................................................ 47

Gambar 4. 7 Grafik Sensor Arus DC .................................................................... 48

Gambar 4. 8 Grafik Sensor Tegangan AC Beban Catok 35W .............................. 49

Gambar 4. 9 Grafik Sensor Arus Beban Catok 35W ............................................ 50

Gambar 4. 10 Sinyal Input .................................................................................... 51

Gambar 4. 11 Sinyal IR2110 ................................................................................. 52

Gambar 4. 12 Sinyal Output ................................................................................. 54

Gambar 4. 13 Grafik Perbandingan Daya Beban Lampu 15W ............................. 56

Gambar 4. 14 Sinyal Output Beban 15W ............................................................. 57

Gambar 4. 15 Grafik Perbandingan Daya Beban Lampu 5W ............................... 58

Gambar 4. 16 Sinyal Output Beban 5W ............................................................... 59

Gambar 4. 17 Grafik Perbandingan Daya Beban Charger Hp .............................. 60

Gambar 4. 18 Sinyal Output Beban Charger Hp .................................................. 60

Gambar 4. 19 Perbandingan Daya sebelum Trafo ................................................ 61

Gambar 4. 20 Grafik Efisiensi .............................................................................. 62


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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2. 1 Penelitian Terdahulu .............................................................................. 5

Tabel 4. 1 Perhitungan Daya Simulasi .................................................................. 45

Tabel 4. 2 Pembacaan Sensor Tegangan DC ........................................................ 46

Tabel 4. 3 Pembacaan Sensor INA219 ................................................................. 48

Tabel 4. 4 Pengujian Tegangan ............................................................................. 49

Tabel 4. 5 Pengujian Arus ..................................................................................... 50

Tabel 4. 6 Pengujian Daya Tanpa Beban .............................................................. 54

Tabel 4. 7 Eksperimen Beban 15W....................................................................... 55

Tabel 4. 8 Eksperimen Beban 5W......................................................................... 58

Tabel 4. 9 Eksperimen Beban Charger Hp............................................................ 59

Tabel 4. 10 Pengujian Inverter Sebelum Trafo ..................................................... 61

Tabel 4. 11 Pengujian Dengan Dimmer ................................................................ 62

Tabel 4. 12 Efisiensi Trafo .................................................................................... 63


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DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN SIMBOL

SINGKATAN

AC : Alternate Current

DC : Direct Current

IDE : Integrated development environment

MOSFET : Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

OLED : Organic Light Emiting Diode

PCB : Printed circuit board

PWM : Pulse Width Modulation

PLTU : Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap

PLTS : Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya

SIMBOL

D : Duty cycle

I : Arus

IC : Integrated circuit

Iin : Arus input

Iout : Arus output

Pin : Daya input

Pout : Daya output

V : Tegangan

Vi : Input voltage

Vo : Output voltage

Vpp : Tegangan peak to peak

Vrms : Tegangan RMS

η : Efisiensi

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