DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Hasil Data Pembubutan I................................................................................ 46 Tabel 2.2 Hasil Data Pembubutan II.............................................................................. 46 Tabel 2.3 Hasil Data Penguliran..................................................................................... 46 Tabel 2.4 Data Grafik s-Pz............................................................................................. 49 Tabel 2.5 Data Grafik n-Nc............................................................................................ 49 Tabel 3.1 Hasil Data Proses............................................................................................ 69 Tabel 4.1 Hasil Data Praktikum..................................................................................... 94

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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1 Pakaian Kerja Standar K3..........................................................................5 Gambar 1.2 Sepatu Kerja Standar K3............................................................................6 Gambar 1.3 Kacamata Standar K3.................................................................................6 Gambar 1.4 Sarung Tangan Standar K3.........................................................................7 Gambar 1.5 Helm Kerja Standar K3..............................................................................7 Gambar 1.6 Sabuk Pengaman.........................................................................................8 Gambar 1.7 Penutup Telinga..........................................................................................8 Gambar 1.8 Masker Standar K3.....................................................................................9 Gambar 1.3 Kotak P3K..................................................................................................9 Gambar 2.1 Mesin Bubut ...........................................................................................12 Gambar 2.2 Mesin Bubut Kuno Wilayah Asia............................................................13 Gambar 2.3 Mesin Bubut Kuno Wilayah China..........................................................13 Gambar 2.4 Mesin Bubut Kuno Wilayah Barat...........................................................14 Gambar 2.5 Mittelalterliche Hausbuch........................................................................14 Gambar 2.6 Mesin Bubut Kuno....................................................................................15 Gambar 2.7 Mesin Bubut Kuno....................................................................................15 Gambar 2.8 Ilustrasi Mesin Bubut dari buku Teater Instrumens Mathmatiques et des Mecanique .........................................................15 Gambar 2.9 Ilustrasi Mesin Bubut dari buku Teater Instrumens Mathmatiques et des Mecanique......................................................... 16 Gambar 2.10 Mesin Bubut Besi Kuno.........................................................................16 Gambar 2.11 J. Ramsdens Screw Cutting Lathe........................................................17 Gambar 2.12 Maudslays Original Screw Cutting Lathe.............................................18 Gambar 2.13 Turret Lathe ...........................................................................................18 Gambar 2.14 Capstan Lathe.........................................................................................19 Gambar 2.15 Turret Lathe with Friction Clutch Headstock........................................19 Gambar 2.16 Mesin Bubut CNC..................................................................................20 Gambar 2.17 Line of Power pada Mesin Bubut...........................................................20 Gambar 2.18 Bagian-bagian Mesin Bubut...................................................................21 Gambar 2.19 Gear Box ................................................................................................22 Gambar 2.20 Quick Change Gear Box.........................................................................22

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Gambar 2.21 Apron .....................................................................................................22 Gambar 2.22 Carriage...................................................................................................23 Gambar 2.23 Chuck .....................................................................................................24 Gambar 2.24 Tail Stock24 Gambar 2.25 Tool Post.................................................................................................24 Gambar 2.26 Kontrol Utama pada Universal Lathe....................................................25 Gambar 2.27 Mesin bubut turet jenis ram nomor 3 dengan kendali daur listrik.........27 Gambar 2.28 Mesin bubut turet pencekaman jenis sadel............................................27 Gambar 2.29 Mesin Bubut Turet Horizontal Otomatis...............................................28 Gambar 2.30 Mesin Bubut Turet Vertikal...................................................................29 Gambar 2.31 Mesin Bubut Pencekam Vertikal Stasiun Jamak...................................29 Gambar 2.32 Mesin Bubut Otomatis Vertikal.............................................................30 Gambar 2.33 Mesin Bubut Duplikat Otomatis............................................................30 Gambar 2.34 Chuck and Tailstock...............................................................................31 Gambar 2.35 Steady Rest ...........................................................................................31 Gambar 2.36 Follow Rest. ...........................................................................................32 Gambar 2.37 Pahat Bubut Rata Kanan.........................................................................32 Gambar 2.38 Pahat Bubut Rata Kiri.............................................................................32 Gambar 2.39 Pahat Bubut Muka..................................................................................33 Gambar 2.40 Pahat Bubut Ulir Metris.........................................................................33 Gambar 2.41 Proses Terbentuknya Geram..................................................................34 Gambar 2.42 Chip Discontinous..................................................................................34 Gambar 2.43 Geram Continous....................................................................................35 Gambar 2.44 Geram Continous dengan Built Up Edge...............................................35 Gambar 2.45 Straight Chip35 Gambar 2.46 Snarling Chip..........................................................................................35 Gambar 2.47 Infinite Helix Chip..................................................................................35 Gambar 2.48 Full Turn Chip........................................................................................35 Gambar 2.49 Half Turn Chip........................................................................................36 Gambar 2.50 Tight Chip...............................................................................................36 Gambar 2.51 Jangka Sorong.........................................................................................37 Gambar 2.52 Center Gauge......................................................................................... 37 Gambar 2.53 Stopwatch...............................................................................................37

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Gambar 2.54 Kunci Chuck38 Gambar 2.55 Kunci Pahat ...........................................................................................38 Gambar 2.56 Tachometer ...........................................................................................38 Gambar 2.57 Pahat........................................................................................................39 Gambar 2.58 Flowchart Pengerjaan pada Mesin Bubut..............................................44 Gambar 2.59 Penampang Benda Kerja Hasil Pembubutan.........................................54 Gambar 3.1 Bagian-Bagian Mesin Sekrap...................................................................60 Gambar 3.2 Mesin Sekrap Horizontal..........................................................................61 Gambar 3.3 Mesin Sekrap Vertikal..............................................................................62 Gambar 3.4 Mesin Sekrap Planner...............................................................................62 Gambar 3.5 Pahat Sekrap Kasar Lurus........................................................................62 Gambar 3.6 Pahat Sekrap Kasar Lengkung.................................................................63 Gambar 3.7 Pahat Sekrap Datar...................................................................................63 Gambar 3.8 Pahat Sekrap Runcing...............................................................................63 Gambar 3.9 Pahat Sekrap Sisi......................................................................................63 Gambar 3.10 Pahat Sekrap Sisi Kasar..........................................................................63 Gambar 3.11 Pahat Sekrap Sisi Rata............................................................................64 Gambar 3.12 Pahat Sekrap Profil.................................................................................64 Gambar 3.13 Pahat Sekrap Masuk Kedalam dan Pahat Masuk Keluar Lurus............64 Gambar 3.14 Jangka Sorong.........................................................................................65 Gambar 3.15 Stopwatch...............................................................................................66 Gambar 3.16 Waterpass................................................................................................66 Gambar 3.17 Pahat........................................................................................................66 Gambar 3.18 Kunci L ..................................................................................................66 Gambar 3.19 Flowchart Pengerjaan pada Mesin Sekrap.................................. 68 Gambar 4.1 Bagian Mesin Milling...............................................................................75 Gambar 4.2 Kontrol Utama Mesin Milling..................................................................76 Gambar 4.3 Index Dividing Plate.................................................................................77 Gambar 4.4 Index Dividing Head................................................................................77 Gambar 4.5 Inner Index Dividing Head.......................................................................77 Gambar 4.6 Mesin Milling Vertikal.............................................................................78

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Gambar 4.7 Mesin Milling Horizontal.........................................................................78 Gambar 4.8 Mesin Milling Universal...........................................................................79 Gambar 4.9 Mesin Milling Hobbing............................................................................79 Gambar 4.10 Mesin Milling Copy...............................................................................80 Gambar 4.11 Mesin Milling Gravier............................................................................80 Gambar 4.12 Mesin Milling Planner............................................................................81 Gambar 4.13 Mesin Milling CNC................................................................................81 Gambar 4.14 Climb Mill..............................................................................................82 Gambar 4.15 Conventional Milling..............................................................................83 Gambar 4.16 Pisau Frais Muka....................................................................................83 Gambar 4.17 Pisau Frais Sisi........................................................................................83 Gambar 4.18 Pisau Frais Alur Sisi dan Muka..............................................................83 Gambar 4.19 Pisau Frais Gergaji.................................................................................84 Gambar 4.20 Pisau Frais Roda Gigi.............................................................................84 Gambar 4.21 Pisau Frais Sudut Tunggal......................................................................84 Gambar 4.22 Pisau Frais Sudut Ganda.........................................................................84 Gambar 4.23 Pisau Frais Jari........................................................................................85 Gambar 4.24 Pisau Frais Alur T...................................................................................85 Gambar 4.25 Macam Pisau Frais.................................................................................85 Gambar 4.26 Jangka Sorong.........................................................................................88 Gambar 4.27 Stopwatch...............................................................................................88 Gambar 4.28 Kunci Chuck88 Gambar 4.29 Kunci L...................................................................................................89 Gambar 4.30 Kunci Inggris..........................................................................................89 Gambar 4.31 Obeng (-).................................................................................................89 Gambar 4.32 Poros Berulir89 Gambar 4.33 Flowchart Pengerjaan pada Mesin Milling............................................93 Gambar 4.34 Tidak sesuainya depth of cut dengan desain..........................................99 Gambar 4.35 Terkikisnya Benda Kerja......................................................................100 Gambar 4.36 Tidak sesuainya depth of cut dengan desain........................................100 Gambar 5.1Mesin Las.................................................................................................105 Gambar 5.2 Logam Las..............................................................................................106

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Gambar 5.3 Fusion Line.............................................................................................106 Gambar 5.4 H A Z......................................................................................................107 Gambar 5.5 Logam Induk .........................................................................................107 Gambar 5.6 Sambungan Sebidang.............................................................................108 Gambar 5.7 Sambungan Lewatan..............................................................................108 Gambar 5.8 Sambungan Tegak..................................................................................109 Gambar 5.9 Sambungan Sudut...................................................................................110 Gambar 5.10 Sambungan Sisi....................................................................................110 Gambar 5.11 Elektroda..............................................................................................111 Gambar 5.12 Fluks.....................................................................................................113 Gambar 5.13 Polaritas Lurus......................................................................................113 Gambar 5.14 Polaritas Terbalik..................................................................................114 Gambar 5.15 Contoh Posisi Pengelasan Bawah Tangan..........................................114 Gambar 5.16 Contoh Pengelasan Horizontal.............................................................115 Gambar 5.17 Contoh Posisi Pengelasan Vertikal......................................................115 Gambar 5.18 Contoh Posisi Pengelasan Over Head..................................................116 Gambar 5.19 Cacat Undercut.....................................................................................117 Gambar 5.20 Porositas................................................................................................117 Gambar 5.21 Pengerutan Benda Kerja.......................................................................118 Gambar 5.22 Over Spatter..........................................................................................119 Gambar 5.23 Penetrasi atau Penembusan Kurang Sempurna....................................120 Gambar 5.24 Incomplete Fusion................................................................................120 Gambar 5.25 Hot Cracking.........................................................................................121 Gambar 5.26 Proses Drilling......................................................................................122 Gambar 5.27 Bagian-Bagian Mesin Bor....................................................................124 Gambar 5.28 Mesin Bor Meja beserta Bagian-bagiannya.........................................125 Gambar 5.29 Mesin Bor Lantai beserta Bagian-bagiannya.......................................125 Gambar 5.30 Mesin Bor Radial..................................................................................126 Gambar 5.31 Mesin Bor Koordinat............................................................................126 Gambar 5.32 Mata Bor jenis Twist Bor.....................................................................127 Gambar 5.33 Mata Bor jenis Masonry Bits...............................................................127 Gambar 5.34 Mata Bor jenis Spur Bits......................................................................128 Gambar 5.35 Mata Bor jenis Countersink Bits..........................................................128

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Gambar 5.36 Mata Bor jenis Forster Bit....................................................................128 Gambar 5.37 Mata Bor Hole Saw Bits.......................................................................129 Gambar 5.38 Bahan Dasar V-Belt..............................................................................130 Gambar 5.39 Konstruksi Sabuk V-Belt......................................................................130 Gambar 5.40 Penampang Belt Berdasarkan Bentuknya............................................131 Gambar 5.41 Sabuk Gerigi131 Gambar 5.42 Penampang Open Belt Drive................................................................131 Gambar 5.43 Crossed or Twist Belt Drive.................................................................132 Gambar 5.44 Quarter Turn Belt Drive.......................................................................132 Gambar 5.45 Belt Drive with Idler Pulley.................................................................133 Gambar 5.46 Compound Belt Drive...........................................................................133 Gambar 5.47 Mesin Roll............................................................................................134 Gambar 5.48 Mesin Penekuk.....................................................................................136 Gambar 5.49 Mesin Penekuk Otomatis......................................................................137 Gambar 5.50 Mesin Penekuk Manual........................................................................137 Gambar 5.51 Bagian-Bagian Utama Power Hack Saw.............................................139 Gambar 5.52 Bagian Bagian Utama Power Hack Saw..............................................140 Gambar 5.53 Bagian-Bagian Mesin Pemotong Pelat................................................143 Gambar 5.54 Control Panel pada Mesin Pemotong Pelat..........................................144 Gambar 5.55 Gerinda Tangan....................................................................................145 Gambar 5.56 Gerinda Duduk.....................................................................................146 Gambar 5.57 Gerinda Datar.......................................................................................147 Gambar 5.58 Proses Balancing..................................................................................149 Gambar 5.59 Bench Vise...........................................................................................150 Gambar 5.60 Ragum Berputar...................................................................................151 Gambar 5.61 Parallel Vise.........................................................................................151 Gambar 5.62 Ragum Universal.................................................................................151 Gambar 5.63 Kikir Pipih............................................................................................152 Gambar 5.64 Kikir Rata..............................................................................................152 Gambar 5.65Kikir Segi-4...........................................................................................153 Gambar 5.66 Kikir Bulat............................................................................................153 Gambar 5.67 Kikir Segi-3 .........................................................................................153 Gambar 5.68 Kikir Pisau............................................................................................154

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Gambar 5.69 Kikir Setengah Bulat............................................................................154 Gambar 5.70 Penitik...................................................................................................155 Gambar 5.71 Spray Gun.............................................................................................155 Gambar 5.72 Palu Konde............................................................................................155 Gambar 5.73 Macam-macam Palu Lunak..................................................................156 Gambar 5.74 Macam-Macam Palu Pembentuk.........................................................157 Gambar 5.75 Flowchart Pengerjaan PP3....................................................................158 Gambar 5.76 Penumpukan Fluks pada Pengelasan...................................................167 Gambar 5.77 Lubang pada Benda Kerja akibat Pengelasan......................................168 Gambar 5.78 Penyambungan pada Pijakan kaki........................................................168

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DAFTAR GRAFIK Grafik 2.1 Grafik Hubungan Feed Motion (s) dengan Gaya Pemotongan (Pz)............. 50 Grafik 2.2 Grafik Hubungan Kecepatan Putar (n) dengan Daya Pemotongan (Nc)...... 51

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DAFTAR SIMBOL Besaran Dasar Diameter Awal Benda Kerja Diameter Benda Kerja Setelah Pemakanan Putaran Spindle Jarak Pitch Koefisien Bahan Feed Motion Depth of Cut Konstanta Eksponen Gaya Pemotongan Daya Pemotongan Machining Time Panjang Pembubutan Jumlah Pemotongan Momen Torsi Tenaga Motor Kecepatan Pemotongan Diameter Pitch Diameter Kepala Modul Jumlah Gigi Tinggi Gigi Tinggi Kepala Gigi Tinngi Kaki Gigi Faktor Kelonggaran Puncak Faktor Tinggi Kepala Tebal Gigi Daya Pengelasan Kekuatan Las Panas yang Timbul mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Kw Kg kalori Satuan mm mm rpm mm Kg/mm2 mm/rev mm Kg Kw menit mm Kg.mm Kw m/menit dp dk M Z H hk hf ck k t p Po Q Simbol D d n p K s t m Pz Nc Tm L i Mt Nm V

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