DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL......................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN........................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR....................................................................................... iii

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................... x

DAFTAR TABEL..............................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

xviii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Latar Belakang........................................................................................... 1

1.2. Tujuan Percobaan...................................................................................... 1

1.3. Waktu Pelaksanaan.................................................................................... 1

1.4. Metodologi Penelitian................................................................................ 2

1.5. Sistematika Penulisan................................................................................ 2

BAB II SIFAT – SIFAT TAHANAN RANGKAIAN

2.1 Tujuan Percobaan....................................................................................... 4

2.2 Gambar Rangkaian..................................................................................... 4

2.3 Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 5

2.4 Langkah Percobaan.................................................................................... 5

2.5 Data Percobaan.......................................................................................... 7

2.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 8

2.6.1 Rangkaian Pembagi Arus.................................................................. 8

2.6.2 Rangkaian Jembatan Seimbang......................................................... 12

2.6.3 Rangkaian Jembatan tak Seimbang................................................... 14

2.1 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 16

v

BAB III TEOREMA SUPERPOSISI, RESIPROSITAS DAN

KOMPENSASI

3.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 18

3.2 Gambar Rangkaian........................................................................................ 18

3.3 Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 20

3.4 Langkah Percobaan....................................................................................... 20

3.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 22

3.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 24

3.6.1 Teorema Superposisi............................................................................ 24

3.6.2 Teorema Kompensasi........................................................................... 32

3.6.3 Teorema Resiprositas........................................................................... 38

3.7 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 44

BAB IV TEOREMA THEVENIN DAN NORTON

4.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 45

4.2 Alat dan Bahan.............................................................................................. 45

4.3 Gambar Rangkaian.................................................................................... 45

4.4 Langkah Percobaan....................................................................................... 47

4.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 49

4.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 50

4.6.1 Teorema Thevenin + EWB.................................................................. 50

4.6.2 Teorema Norton + EWB...................................................................... 54

4.6.3 Rangkaian Ekuivalen Thevenin........................................................... 59

4.6.4 Rangkaian Ekuivalen Norton............................................................... 61

4.7 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 63

BAB V TRANSFORMASI RANGKAIAN

5.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 64

5.2 Gambar Rangkaian........................................................................................ 64

5.3 Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 68

5.4 Langkah Percobaan....................................................................................... 68

5.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 69

vi

5.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 71

5.6.1 Transformasi ∆ Y ................................................................................ 71

5.6.2 Percobaan Transformasi Rangkaian Kubus ........................................ 75

5.6.3 Percobaan Transformasi Rangkaian Piramid....................................... 87

5.7 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 104

BAB VI RANGKAIAN DUA PINTU

6.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 105

6.2 Gambar Rangkaian........................................................................................ 105

6.3 Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 106

6.4 Langkah Percobaan....................................................................................... 106

6.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 108

6.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 110

6.6.1 Tipe Phi................................................................................................ 110

6.6.2 Tipe T................................................................................................... 123

6.7 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 136

BAB VII RANGKAIAN R-L-C SERI

7.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 137

7.2 Gambar Rangkaian........................................................................................ 137

7.3 Alat dan Bahan.............................................................................................. 138

7.4 Langkah Percobaan....................................................................................... 138

7.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 139

7.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan............................................................................... 140

7.6.1 Sekilas Tentang Rangkaian RLC Seri ................................................. 140

7.6.2 Frekuensi Masukan = Frekuensi Resonansi (f=143,5 kHz)................. 141

7.6.3 Frekuensi Masukan < Frekuensi Resonansi (f=140 kHz).................... 150

7.6.4 Frekuensi Masukan > Frekuensi Resonansi (f=150 kHz).................... 158

7.6.5 Faktor Kualitas dan Bandwidth............................................................ 167

7.7 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 170

vii

BAB VIII RANGKAIAN R-L-C PARALEL

8.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 171

8.2 Gambar Rangkaian........................................................................................ 171

8.3 Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 171

8.4 Langkah Percobaan....................................................................................... 172

8.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 172

8.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 174

8.6.1 Sekilas Tentang RLC Paralel............................................................... 174

8.6.2 Sekilas Tentang Lissajous.................................................................... 175

8.6.3 Pembahasan Frekuensi Resonansi........................................................ 177

8.6.4 Pembahasan Frekuensi Rendah............................................................ 184

8.6.5 Pembahasan Frekuensi Tinggi............................................................. 191

8.7 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 198

BAB IX SOFTWARE

9.1 Tujuan Percobaan.......................................................................................... 200

9.2 Gambar Rangkaian........................................................................................ 201

9.3 Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................... 211

9.4 Langkah Percobaan....................................................................................... 211

9.5 Data Percobaan.............................................................................................. 212

9.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan........................................................................... 250

9.6.1 Percobaan Magnetik Coupling Polaritas Sama.................................... 250

9.6.2 Percobaan Magnetik Coupling Polaritas Beda..................................... 254

9.6.3 Percobaan Respon Transient Masukan Fungsi Tangga Rangkaian

RL........................................................................................................ 258

9.6.4 Percobaan Respon Transient Masukan Fungsi Sinus Rangkaian RL. . 261

9.6.5 Percobaan Respon Transient Masukan Fungsi Tangga Rangkaian

R-C....................................................................................................... 266

9.6.6 Percobaan Respon Transient Masukan Fungsi Sinus Rangkaian RC. . 269

9.6.7 Percobaan Rangkaian R-L-C Seri...................................................... 274

9.6.8 Percobaan Rangkaian R-L-C Paralel................................................. 277

9.6.9 Percobaan Rangkaian Dua Pintu Tipe Phi......................................... 280

viii

9.6.10 Percobaan Rangkaian Dua Pintu Bentuk T........................................ 284

9.6.11 Percobaan Filter Tipe LPF................................................................. 288

9.6.12 Percobaan Filter Tipe BPF................................................................. 290

9.6.13 Percobaan Filter Tipe HPF................................................................. 293

9.6.14 Percobaan Fourier Gelombang Sinusoidal......................................... 296

9.6.15 Percobaan Fourier Gelombang Kotak................................................ 300

9.6.16 Percobaan Fourier Gelombang Segitiga............................................. 303

9.6.17 Percobaan Laplace Fungsi Tangga..................................................... 307

9.6.18 Percobaan Laplace Fungsi Eksponensial........................................... 310

9.6.19 Percobaan Laplace Fungsi Gergaji..................................................... 313

9.6.20 Histerisis............................................................................................. 316

9.6.21 Respon RLC Seri................................................................................ 320

9.6.22 Respon Natural RLC Paralel.............................................................. 323

9.6.23 Superposisi Sumber 1......................................................................... 326

9.6.24 Superposisi Sumber 2......................................................................... 329

9.6.25 Superposisi Sumber Total.................................................................. 332

9.6.26 Resiprositas........................................................................................ 335

9.6.27 Percobaan Kompensasi...................................................................... 339

9.6.28 Percobaan Thevenin........................................................................... 343

9.6.29 Percobaan Norton............................................................................... 346

9.6.30 Percobaan Thevenin-Norton.............................................................. 350

9.7 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 352

BAB VII PENUTUP

10.1 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 353

10.2 Saran.......................................................................................................... 354

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN 1

ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Rangkaian Pembagi Arus dan Tegangan.................................. 4

Gambar 2.2 Rangkaian Jembatan Seimbang................................................. 4

Gambar 2.3 Rangkaian Jembatan Tidak Seimbang...................................... 4

Gambar 2.4 Rangkaian Pembagi Arus dan Tegangan ................................. 8

Gambar 2.5 Rangkaian Jembatan Seimbang................................................. 12

Gambar 2.6 Rangkaian Jembatan Tak Seimbang......................................... 14

Gambar 3.1 Rangkaian Teorema Superposisi............................................... 18

Gambar 3.2 Rangkaian V1 aktif Superposisi................................................ 18

Gambar 3.3 Rangkaian V2 aktif Superposisi................................................ 19

Gambar 3.4 Rangkaian Percobaan Teorema Kompensasi............................ 19

Gambar 3.5 Rangkaian Percobaan Kompensasi VR3..................................... 19

Gambar 3.6 Rangkaian Teorema Resiprositas Vs di AB.............................. 19

Gambar 3.7 Rangkaian Teorema Resiprositas Vs di CD.............................. 20

Gambar 3.8 Rangkaian Teorema Superposisi............................................... 24

Gambar 3.9 Rangkaian V1 aktif V2 hubung singkat.................................... 24

Gambar 3.10 Rangkaian V2 aktif V1 hubung singkat.................................... 24

Gambar 3.11 Rangkaian Superposisi.............................................................. 25

Gambar 3.12 Rangkaian Superposisi V2 dihubung singkat........................... 26

Gambar 3.13 Rangkaian Superposisi V1 dihubung singkat........................... 27

Gambar 3.14 Rangkaian Superposisi pada EWB............................................ 28

Gambar 3.15 Rangkaian Superposisi V2 dihubung Singkat............................ 28

Gambar 3.16 Rangkaian Superposisi V1 dihubung Singkat............................ 29

Gambar 3.17 Rangkaian Percobaan Teorema Kompensasi............................ 32

Gambar 3.18 Rangkaian Percobaan Kompensasi R3=VR3............................. 32

Gambar 3.19 Rangkaian Teorema Kompensasi ............................................. 33

Gambar 3.20 Rangkaian Kompensasi VR3...................................................... 34

Gambar 3.21 Simulasi rangkaian Kompensasi dengan sumber Vs................ 35

x

Gambar 3.22 Simulasi rangkaian Kompensasi dengan sumber dan VR3........ 35

Gambar 3.23 Rangkaian Teorema Resiprositas Vs di B................................. 38

Gambar 3.24 Rangkaian Teorema Resiprositas Vs di D................................ 38

Gambar 3.25 Rangkaian Teorema Resiprositas Vs di AB.............................. 39

Gambar 3.26 Rangkaian Teorema Resiprositas Vs di CD.............................. 40

Gambar 3.27 Rangkaian Resiprositas Vs di AB............................................. 41

Gambar 3.28 Rangkaian Resiprositas Vs di CD............................................. 42

Gambar 4.1 Rangkaian teorema thevenin..................................................... 45

Gambar 4.2 Rangkaian teorema norton........................................................ 46

Gambar 4.3 Rangkaian Ekuivalen Thevenin................................................ 46

Gambar 4.4 Rangkaian Ekuivalen Norton ................................................... 46

Gambar 4.5 Rangkaian Thevenin.................................................................. 50

Gambar 4.6 Rangkaian Hubung Buka.......................................................... 50

Gambar 4.7 Rangkaian Ekuivalen Thevenin................................................ 51

Gambar 4.8 Simulasi EWB Rangkaian Thevenin RTH.................................. 52

Gambar 4.9 Simulasi EWB Rangkaian Thevenin VTH.................................. 52

Gambar 4.10 Simulasi EWB Rangkaian Thevenin IRL................................... 52

Gambar 4.11 Rangkaian Norton..................................................................... 54

Gambar 4.12 Rangkaian Ekuivalen Norton.................................................... 56

Gambar 4.13 Simulasi EWB Rangkaian Norton RN....................................... 57

Gambar 4.14 Simulasi EWB Rangkaian Norton Is......................................... 57

Gambar 4.15 Simulasi EWB Rangkaian Norton In........................................ 57

Gambar 4.16 Simulasi EWB Rangkaian Norton IRL....................................... 58

Gambar 4.17 Rangkaian Teorema Thevenin.................................................. 59

Gambar 4.18 Rangkaian Ekuivalen Thevenin................................................ 59

Gambar 4.19 Simulasi EWB Ekuivalen Thevenin.......................................... 60

Gambar 4.20 Rangkaian teorema norton........................................................ 61

Gambar 4.21 Rangkaian ekuivalen norton...................................................... 61

Gambar 4.22 Simulasi EWB Rangkaian ekuivalen norton............................. 62

Gambar 5.1 (a) Rangkaian Y........................................................................ 64

(b) Rangkaian ∆......................................................................... 64

xi

Gambar 5.2 Rangkaian Kubus...................................................................... 64

Gambar 5.3 Rangkaian Kubus dengan konduktor........................................ 65

Gambar 5.4 Rangkaian Kubus dengan resistor............................................. 65

Gambar 5.5 Rangkaian Piramid.................................................................... 65

Gambar 5.6 Rangkaian Piramid dengan konduktor ..................................... 66

Gambar 5.7 Rangkaian Piramid dengan resistor........................................... 66

Gambar 5.8 Rangkaian Piramid dengan konduktor...................................... 66

Gambar 5.9 Rangkaian Piramid dengan resistor........................................... 67

Gambar 5.10 Rangkaian Bintang.................................................................... 71

Gambar 5.11 Penyederhanaan Rangkaian...................................................... 71

Gambar 5.12 Simulasi EWB Rangkaian Y .................................................... 72

Gambar 5.13 Rangkaian ∆............................................................................. 73

Gambar 5.14 Transformasi ∆ - Y.................................................................... 73

Gambar 5.15 Simulasi EWB Rangkaian Delta .............................................. 74

Gambar 5.16 Rangkaian Kubus...................................................................... 75

Gambar 5.17 Penyederhanaan Rangkaian Kubus........................................... 75

Gambar 5.18 Rangkaian kubus kondisi normal dengan EWB........................ 79

Gambar 5.19 Rangkaian Kubus dengan CD dan GF dihubung singkat.......... 79

Gambar 5.20 Rangkaian ekuivalen Kubus...................................................... 80

Gambar 5.21 Penyederhanaan Rangkaian...................................................... 80

Gambar 5.22 Simulasi EWB untuk rangkaian kubus dengan konduktor....... 81

Gambar 5.23 Rangkaian Kubus dengan R pada CD dan GF.......................... 82

Gambar 5.24 Penyederhanaan Rangkaian...................................................... 82

Gambar 5.25 Simulasi EWB kubus dengan resistor 10kΩ............................. 86

Gambar 5.26 Rangkaian Piramid.................................................................... 87

Gambar 5.27 Bentuk lain Rangkaian Piramid................................................ 87

Gambar 5.28 Penyederhanaan Rangkaian Piramid........................................ 88

Gambar 5.29 Simulasi rangkaian piramid kondisi normal dengan EWB....... 90

Gambar 5.30 Rangkaian Piramid dengan CE dihubung singkat..................... 90

Gambar 5.31 Bentuk lain Rangkaian Piramid dengan CE dihubung singkat. 91

Gambar 5.32 Rangkaian penyederhanaan....................................................... 91

Gambar 5.33 Simulasi rangkaian piramid dengan konduktor......................... 92

xii

Gambar 5.34 Rangkaian Piramid dengan C diberi R...................................... 93

Gambar 5.35 Bentuk lain rangkaian pyramid dengan C-E diberi R............... 93

Gambar 5.36 Rangkaian penyederhanaan ...................................................... 93

Gambar 5.37 Simulasi EWB rangkaian pyramid dengan resistor 10kΩ pada

hambatan CE.............................................................................. 95

Gambar 5.38 Rangkaian piramida dengan CE dan BD dihubung singkat...... 96

Gambar 5.39 Rangkaian bentuk lain dengan CE dan BD dihubung singkat. . 96

Gambar 5.40 Rangkaian penyederhanaan....................................................... 96

Gambar 5.41 Simulasi EWB dengan konduktor pada rangkaian piramid CE

dan AD...................................................................................... 97

Gambar 5.42 Rangkaian piramid dengan R pada CE dan BD........................ 97

Gambar 5.43 Rangkaian penyederhanaan....................................................... 98

Gambar 5.44 Rangkaian Penyederhanaan...................................................... 98

Gambar 5.45 Rangkaian Penyederhanaan...................................................... 100

Gambar 5.46 Rangkaian Penyederhanaan...................................................... 102

Gambar 5.47 Simulasi EWB rangkaian pyramid jika C-E dan B-D diberi R

10kΩ.......................................................................................... 103

Gambar 6.1 Rangkaian Dua pintu tipe phi.................................................... 105

Gambar 6.2 Rangkaian Dua pintu tipe T...................................................... 105

Gambar 6.3 Rangkaian tipe phi..................................................................... 110

Gambar 6.4 Rangkaian Tipe T...................................................................... 123

Gambar 7. 1 Rangkaian RLC Seri ................................................................ 137

Gambar 7.2 Rangkaian RLC Seri................................................................. 141

Gambar 7.3 Pola Lissajous beda fasa VL + VC.............................................. 142

Gambar 7.4 Diagram vektor daya R............................................................. 145

Gambar 7.5 Diagram vektor daya L.............................................................. 146

Gambar 7.6 Diagram vektor daya C............................................................. 146

Gambar 7.7 Diagram vektor daya RLC........................................................ 146

Gambar 7.8 Fasor R...................................................................................... 147

Gambar 7.9 Fasor L...................................................................................... 147

Gambar 7.10 Fasor C...................................................................................... 147

Gambar 7.11 Fasor RLC................................................................................. 148

xiii

Gambar 7.12 Fasor R...................................................................................... 148

Gambar 7.13 Fasor L...................................................................................... 148

Gambar 7.14 Fasor C...................................................................................... 149

Gambar 7.15 Fasor RLC................................................................................. 149

Gambar 7.16 Pola lissajous VL + VC.............................................................. 150

Gambar 7.17 Diagram vektor daya R............................................................. 154

Gambar 7.18 Diagram vektor daya L.............................................................. 154

Gambar 7.19 Diagram vektor daya C............................................................. 155

Gambar 7.20 Diagram vektor daya di RLC.................................................... 155

Gambar 7.21 Fasor R...................................................................................... 155

Gambar 7.22 Fasor L...................................................................................... 156

Gambar 7.23 Fasor C...................................................................................... 156

Gambar 7.24 Fasor RLC................................................................................. 156

Gambar 7.25 Fasor R...................................................................................... 157

Gambar 7.26 Fasor L...................................................................................... 157

Gambar 7.27 Fasor C...................................................................................... 157

Gambar 7.28 Fasor RLC................................................................................. 158

Gambar 7.29 Pola lissajous VL + VC.............................................................. 159

Gambar 7.30 Diagram vektor daya R............................................................. 162

Gambar 7.31 Diagram vektor daya L.............................................................. 162

Gambar 7.32 Diagram vektor daya C............................................................. 163

Gambar 7.33 Diagram vektor daya RLC........................................................ 163

Gambar 7.34 Fasor R...................................................................................... 163

Gambar 7.35 Fasor L...................................................................................... 164

Gambar 7.36 Fasor C...................................................................................... 164

Gambar 7.37 Fasor RLC................................................................................. 164

Gambar 7.38 Fasor R...................................................................................... 165

Gambar 7.39 Fasor L...................................................................................... 165

Gambar 7.40 Fasor C...................................................................................... 165

Gambar 7.41 Fasor RLC................................................................................. 166

Gambar 8.1 Rangkaian RLC Paralel............................................................. 171

Gambar 8.2 Lissajouse Pada RC................................................................... 172

xiv

Gambar 8.3 Lissajouse Pada RL................................................................... 172

Gambar 8.4 Lissajouse Pada RC................................................................... 173

Gambar 8.5 Lissajouse Pada RL................................................................... 173

Gambar 8.6 Lissajouse Pada RC................................................................... 173

Gambar 8.7 Lissajouse Pada RL................................................................... 174

Gambar 8.8 Rangkaian RLC Paralel............................................................ 174

Gambar 8.9 Proses menggambar Lissajouse................................................. 175

Gambar 8.10 Lissajouse Kondisi Minimum................................................... 176

Gambar 8.11 Lissajouse Kondisi Maksimum................................................. 176

Gambar 8.12 Rangkaian RLC Paralel pada Modul......................................... 177

Gambar 8.13 Rangkaian penyederhanaan....................................................... 177

Gambar 8.14 Lissajouse Pada RL................................................................... 180

Gambar 8.15 Lissajouse Pada RC................................................................... 181

Gambar 8.16 Grafik Vin(a), IR(b), IL(c), IC(d), hasil perhitungan

f = 37,36 KHz............................................................................ 183

Gambar 8.17 Rangkaian RLC Paralel pada Modul......................................... 184

Gambar 8.18 Rangkaian penyederhanaan....................................................... 184

Gambar 8.19 Lissajouse Pada RL................................................................... 187

Gambar 8.20 Lissajouse Pada RC................................................................... 188

Gambar 8.21 Grafik Vin, IR, IL, IC hasil perhitungan f = 30 KHz.................. 190

Gambar 8.22 Rangkaian RLC Paralel pada Modul......................................... 191

Gambar 8.23 Rangkaian penyederhanaan....................................................... 191

Gambar 8.24 Lissajouse Pada RL................................................................... 194

Gambar 8.25 Lissajouse Pada RC................................................................... 195

Gambar 8.26 Grafik Vin, IR, IL, IC hasil perhitungan f = 95 KHz.................. 197

Gambar 9.1 Rangkaian magnetik kopling polaritas sama............................. 201

Gambar 9.2 Rangkaian magnetik kopling polaritas beda............................. 201

Gambar 9.3 Respon transien fungsi tangga(step) R-L.................................. 201

Gambar 9.4 Respon transien fungsi sinus R-L............................................. 202

Gambar 9.5 Respon transien fungsi tangga(step) R-C.................................. 202

Gambar 9.6 Respon transien fungsi sinus R-C............................................ 202

Gambar 9.7 Rangkaian R-L-C Seri............................................................... 203

xv

Gambar 9.8 Rangkaian R-L-C Paralel.......................................................... 203

Gambar 9.9 Rangkaian 2 pintu tipe phi........................................................ 203

Gambar 9.10 Rangkaian dua pintu tipe T....................................................... 204

Gambar 9.11 Rangkaian LPF.......................................................................... 204

Gambar 9.12 Rangkaian BPF.......................................................................... 204

Gambar 9.13 Rangkaian HPF......................................................................... 205

Gambar 9.14 Rangkaian fourier gelombang sinusoidal.................................. 205

Gambar 9.15 Rangkaian fourier gelombang kotak......................................... 205

Gambar 9.16 Rangkaian fourier gelombang segitiga...................................... 206

Gambar 9.17 Rangkaian laplace fungsi tangga............................................... 206

Gambar 9.18 Rangkaian laplace fungsi eksponensial..................................... 206

Gambar 9.19 Rangkaian laplace fungsi gergaji.............................................. 206

Gambar 9.20 Rangkaian kurva histerisis........................................................ 207

Gambar 9.21 Rangkaian natural RLC seri...................................................... 207

Gambar 9.22 Rangkaian natural RLC paralel................................................. 207

Gambar 9.23 Rangkaian superposisi sumber 1............................................... 208

Gambar 9.24 Rangkaian superposisi sumber 2............................................... 208

Gambar 9.25 Rangkaian superposisi sumber total.......................................... 208

Gambar 9.26 Rangkaian resiprositas.............................................................. 209

Gambar 9.27 Rangkaian kompensasi.............................................................. 209

Gambar 9.28 Rangkaian thevenin................................................................... 209

Gambar 9.29 Rangkaian norton...................................................................... 210

Gambar 9.30 Rangkaian Thevenin-Norton..................................................... 210

Gambar 9.31 Rangkaian magnetic kopling polaritas sama............................. 251

Gambar 9.32 Rangkaian magnetic kopling polaritas beda............................. 255

Gambar 9.33 Respon transien fungsi tangga(step) R-L.................................. 259

Gambar 9.34 Respon transien fungsi masukkan fungsi sinus R-L................. 262

Gambar 9.35 Respon transien fungsi tangga(step) R-C.................................. 266

Gambar 9.36 Respon transien masukkan fungsi sinus R-C............................ 270

Gambar 9.37 Rangkaian RLC seri.................................................................. 275

Gambar 9.38 Rangkaian RLC paralel............................................................. 278

Gambar 9.39 Rangkaian 2 pintu bentuk phi................................................... 281

xvi

Gambar 9.40 Rangkaian Dua Pintu bentuk T................................................. 285

Gambar 9.41 Rangkaian Filter LPF................................................................ 289

Gambar 9.42 Rangkaian Filter BPF................................................................ 291

Gambar 9.43 Rangkaian Filter HPF................................................................ 294

Gambar 9.44 Rangkaian Fourier Gelombang Sinusoidal............................... 297

Gambar 9.45 Spektrum Amplitudo Sinus....................................................... 298

Gambar 9.46 Spektrum Amplitudo Sinusoidal............................................... 298

Gambar 9.47 Rangkaian Fourier Gelombang Kotak...................................... 300

Gambar 9.48 Gelombang Vs Bentuk Gelombang Kotak................................ 301

Gambar 9.49 Spektrum Fourier Gelombang Kotak........................................ 302

Gambar 9.50 Rangkaian Frekuensi Gelombang Segitiga............................... 303

Gambar 9.51 Spektrum Frekuensi Gelombang Segitiga................................. 305

Gambar 9.52 Rangkaian Laplace Fungsi Tangga........................................... 308

Gambar 9.53 Rangkaian Laplace Fungsi Eksponensial.................................. 311

Gambar 9.54 Rangkaian Laplace Fungsi Gergaji........................................... 314

Gambar 9.55 Rangkaian Kurva Histerisis....................................................... 317

Gambar 9.56 Rangkaian Respon Natural RLC Seri....................................... 320

Gambar 9.57 Rangkaian Natural RLC Paralel................................................ 323

Gambar 9.58 Rangkaian superposisi sumber 1............................................... 327

Gambar 9.59 Rangkaian superposisi sumber 2............................................... 330

Gambar 9.60 Rangkaian superposisi sumber total.......................................... 333

Gambar 9.61 Rangkaian resiprositas.............................................................. 336

Gambar 9.62 Rangkaian Kompensasi............................................................. 340

Gambar 9.63 Rangkaian Thevenin.................................................................. 344

Gambar 9.64 Percobaan Thevenin tanpa RL................................................... 344

Gambar 9.65 Percobaan Thevenin.................................................................. 345

Gambar 9.66 Rangkaian Norton..................................................................... 347

Gambar 9.67 Rangkaian Norton..................................................................... 347

Gambar 9.68 Rangkaian Teorema Norton...................................................... 348

Gambar 9.69 Rangkaian Thevenin-Norton..................................................... 350

xvii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Data percobaan rangkaian pembagi arus dan tegangan............ 7

Tabel 2.2 Data percobaan rangkaian jembatan seimbang......................... 7

Tabel 2.3 Data percobaan rangkaian jembatan tak seimbang................... 7

Tabel 2.4 Nilai resistor.............................................................................. 8

Tabel 2.5 Perbandingan Perhitungan dan Pengukuran.............................. 11

Tabel 2.6 Perbandingan percobaan dan perhitungan................................ 13

Tabel 2.7 Perbandingan percobaan dan perhitungan................................ 15

Tabel 3.1 Data percobaan superposisi 3 variasi........................................ 22

Tabel 3.2 Data percobaan Kompensasi 2 variasi...................................... 22

Tabel 3.3 Data Percobaan resiprositas ..................................................... 23

Tabel 3.4 Data percobaan superposisi 3 variasi dengan EWB................. 29

Tabel 3.5 Perbandingan percobaan teorema superposisi(sesuai teori) ..... 30

Tabel 3.6 Perbandingan percobaan teorema superposisi (tidak sesuai

teori).......................................................................................... 31

Tabel 3.7 Data percobaan Rangkaian Kompensasi 2 variasi dengan

EWB.......................................................................................... 36

Tabel 3.8 Perbandingan hasil percobaan teorema kompensasi................ 37

Tabel 3.9 Data percobaan superposisi 3 variasi dengan EWB.................. 42

Tabel 3.10 Perbandingan hasil percobaan resiprositas................................ 43

Tabel 4.1 Data Rangkaian Percobaan Rangkaian Thevenin..................... 49

Tabel 4.2 Data Rangkaian Percobaan Rangkaian Norton......................... 49

Tabel 4.3 Data Rangkaian Percobaan Ekuivalen Thevenin...................... 49

Tabel 4.4 Data Rangkaian Percobaan Ekuivalen Norton.......................... 49

Tabel 4.5 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Percobaan....................... 53

Tabel 4.6 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan, Percobaan dan Simulasi....... 58

Tabel 4.7 Perbandingan Perhitungan, Percobaan dan Simulasi

Ekuivalen Thevenin................................................................. 60

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Tabel 4.8 Perbandingan perhitungan, percobaan, dan simulasi ekuivalen

Norton....................................................................................... 62

Tabel 5.1 Rangkaian Bintang.................................................................... 69

Tabel 5.2 Rangkaian ∆.............................................................................. 69

Tabel 5.3 Rangkaian transformasi kubus.................................................. 70

Tabel 5.4 Rangkaian Transformasi piramid.............................................. 70

Tabel 5.5 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan dan percobaan........................ 72

Tabel 5.6 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan dan percobaan........................ 74

Tabel 5.7 Perbandingan nilai RAE rangkaian kubus................................... 86

Tabel 5.8 Perbandingan nilai RAB pada rangkaian piramid...................... 103

Tabel 6.1 Data tipe phi AB dihubungkan catu daya................................. 108

Tabel 6.2 Data percobaan tipe phi CD dihubungkan catudaya................. 108

Tabel 6.3 Data percobaan tipe T , AB dihubungkan dengan catudaya..... 108

Tabel 6.4 Data percobaan tipe T , CD dihubung dengan catudaya........... 108

Tabel 6.5 Tabel konversi parameter.......................................................... 109

Tabel 6.6 Nilai parameter Z...................................................................... 112

Tabel 6.7 Determinan Z............................................................................ 113

Tabel 6.8 Nilai Parameter Y...................................................................... 114

Tabel 6.9 Determinan Z............................................................................ 115

Tabel 6.10 Nilai Parameter T...................................................................... 116

Tabel 6.11 Determinan Z............................................................................ 117

Tabel 6.12 Nilai parameter t........................................................................ 118

Tabel 6.13 Determinan Z............................................................................ 119

Tabel 6.14 Nilai parameter h...................................................................... 120

Tabel 6.15 Determinan Z............................................................................ 121

Tabel 6.16 Nilai parameter g....................................................................... 122

Tabel 6.17 Nilai parameter Z...................................................................... 125

Tabel 6.18 Determinan Z............................................................................ 126

Tabel 6.19 Nilai parameter Y...................................................................... 127

Tabel 6.20 Determinan Z............................................................................ 128

Tabel 6.21 Nilai Parameter T...................................................................... 129

Tabel 6.22 Determinan Z............................................................................ 130

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Tabel 6.23 Nilai parameter t........................................................................ 131

Tabel 6.24 Determinan Z............................................................................ 132

Tabel 6.25 Nilai Parameter h....................................................................... 133

Tabel 6.26 Determinan Z............................................................................ 134

Tabel 6.27 Nilai Parameter g....................................................................... 135

Tabel 7.1 Data Percobaan.......................................................................... 139

Tabel 7.2 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Pengukuran................... 142

Tabel 7.3 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Pengukuran................... 150

Tabel 7.4 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Pengukuran................... 159

Tabel 8.1 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan frekuensi resonansi...............179

Tabel 8.2 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan frekuensi rendah................... 186

Tabel 8.3 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan frekuensi tinggi..................... 193

Tabel 9.1 Perbandingan data perhitungan dengan percobaan................... 253

Tabel 9.2 Perbandingan data perhitungan dengan percobaan................... 257

Tabel 9.3 Perbandingan antara data perhitungan dan simulasi pada

Rangkaian RL fungsi step......................................................... 260

Tabel 9.4 Perbandingan antara data perhitungan dan simulasi pada

Rangkaian RL fungsi sinus....................................................... 265

Tabel 9.5 Perbandingan antara data perhitungan dan simulasi pada

Rangkaian RC fungsi step......................................................... 267

Tabel 9.6 Perbandingan antara data perhitungan dan simulasi pada

Rangkaian RC fungsi sinus....................................................... 273

Tabel 9.7 Perbandingan antara data perhitungan dan simulasi Rangkaian

RLC seri.................................................................................... 276

Tabel 9.8 Perbandingan antara data perhitungan dan simulasi pada

Rangkaian RLC paralel............................................................. 279

Tabel 9.9 Perbandingan antara data perhitungan dan simulasi pada

Rangkaian 2 pintu tipe phi........................................................ 283

Tabel 9.10 Perbandingan hasil percobaan dan perhitungan....................... 287

Tabel 9.11 Perbandingan hasil percobaan dan perhitungan....................... 289

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Tabel 9.12 Perbandingan hasil percobaan dan perhitungan....................... 292

Tabel 9.13 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan dan simulasi.......................... 295

Tabel 9.14 Perbandingan hasil percobaan dan perhitungan Spektrum

Amplitude Sinusoidal................................................................ 299

Tabel 9.15 Perbandingan THD Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi................ 299

Tabel 9.16 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan dan simulasi.......................... 302

Tabel 9.17 Perbandingan THD Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi................ 302

Tabel 9.18 Tabel Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi............... 306

Tabel 9.19 Perbandingan THD Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi................ 306

Tabel 9.20 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi........................ 309

Tabel 9.21 Tabel Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi.............. 312

Tabel 9.22 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi........................ 315

Tabel 9.23 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi........................ 319

Tabel 9.24 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi........................ 322

Tabel 9.25 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi........................ 325

Tabel 9.26 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan dan percobaan....................... 328

Tabel 9.27 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan dan percobaan....................... 331

Tabel 9.28 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan dan percobaan...................... 334

Tabel 9.29 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan dan percobaan...................... 338

Tabel 9.30 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan dan simulasi......................... 342

Tabel 9.31 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi....................... 345

Tabel 9.32 Perbandingan Hasil Perhitungan dan Simulasi....................... 349

Tabel 9.33 Perbandingan perhitungan dan simulasi................................... 351

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