DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................................... i

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... ii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................. 1

B. Identifikasi Masalah ................................................................... 13

C. Pembatasan Masalah .................................................................. 13

D. Perumusan Masalah .................................................................... 14

E. Tujuan Penelitian......................................................................... 14

F. Manfaat Penelitian....................................................................... 15

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA, PENELITIAN YANG RELEVAN,

KERANGKA BERPIKIR DAN PENGAJUAN HIPOTESIS

A. Tinjauan Pustaka ........................................................................... 17

1. Keterampilan Proses Sains ....................................................... 17

2. Klasifikasi Makhluk Hidup....................................................... 24

3. Model Pembelajaran.................................................................. 30

a. Pembelajaran ........................................................................ 30

b. Model Pembelajaran ............................................................. 33

4. Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning

(CTL)....................................................................................... 37

a. Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)........................... 37

b. Langkah-langkah CTL.......................................................... 49

5. Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL)............... 51

a. Project Based Learning (PjBL.............................................. 51

b. Langkah-langkah PjBL......................................................... 56

6. Media Pembelajaran Macromedia flash.................................... 60

a. Media Pembelajaran ............................................................. 60

b. Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer ............................. 66

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c. Macromedia Flash ................................................................ 70

B. Hasil Penelitian Yang Relevan ..................................................... 72

C. Kerangka Berpikir ......................................................................... 75

D. Pengajuan Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................... 78

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

A. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................... 79

1. Tempat Penelitian.................................................................... 79

2. Waktu Penelitian...................................................................... 79

B. Metode Penelitian.......................................................................... 80

1. Jenis Penelitian........................................................................ 80

2. Variabel Penelitian................................................................... 80

3. Desain Penelitian..................................................................... 80

C. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian..................................................... 82

1. Populasi Penelitian.................................................................. 82

2. Sampel Penelitian................................................................... 82

D. Prosedur Penelitian ....................................................................... 83

1. Tahap Persiapan....................................................................... 83

2. Tahap Pelaksanaan..................................................................... 83

E. Intstrumen Penelitian .................................................................... 84

1. Definisi Konseptual................................................................ 84

2. Definisi Operasional .............................................................. 84

F. Kalibrasi Instrumen ....................................................................... 87

G. Teknik Analisa Data...................................................................... 91

H. Hipotesis Statistik ......................................................................... 92

DAFTAR PUSTAKA.......................................................................................... 93

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