DAFTAR ISI

HalamanHALAMAN JUDUL..................................................................................................iHALAMAN PENGESAHAN....................................................................................iiABSTRAK.................................................................................................................iiiABSTRACT.................................................................................................................ivKATA PENGANTAR...............................................................................................vDAFTAR ISI..............................................................................................................viiDAFTAR TABEL......................................................................................................xDAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................................xiBAB I PENDAHULUAN..........................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang.............................................................................................11.2 Rumusan Masalah........................................................................................21.3 Tujuan Penelitian.........................................................................................3

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum..................................................................................31.3.2 Tujuan Khusus.................................................................................3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian.......................................................................................31.4.1 Manfaat bagi Peneliti.......................................................................31.4.2 Manfaat bagi Institusi Pendidikan Kedokteran................................41.4.3 Manfaat bagi Masyarakat.................................................................41.4.4 Manfaat bagi Peneliti Selanjutnya...................................................4

1.5 Keaslian Penelitian.......................................................................................4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA................................................................................52.1 Daun Salam..................................................................................................5

2.1.1 Nama Tanaman................................................................................52.1.2 Taksonomi Tanaman........................................................................52.1.3 Deskripsi Tanaman...........................................................................62.1.4 Habitat Tanaman..............................................................................62.1.5 Kandungan Kimia............................................................................7

2.2 Uji Toksisitas Akut......................................................................................112.2.1 Definisi.............................................................................................112.2.2 Tujuan..............................................................................................122.2.3 Hewan Coba.....................................................................................122.2.4 Perlakuan Terhadap Hewan Coba....................................................122.2.5 Cara Pemberian................................................................................132.2.6 Pengamatan......................................................................................142.2.7 Analisa dan Evaluasi Hasil...............................................................14

2.3 Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)................................................................................142.4 Hepar............................................................................................................15

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2.4.1 Anatomi Hepar.................................................................................152.4.2 Fisiologi Hepar.................................................................................162.4.3 Histologi Hepar................................................................................17

2.5 Penilaian Histologi Hepar............................................................................182.6 Gambaran Derajat Kerusakan Hepar...........................................................192.7 Kerangka Teori............................................................................................222.8 Kerangka Konsep.........................................................................................232.9 Hipotesis.......................................................................................................24

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN...................................................................253.1 Rancangan Penelitian...................................................................................253.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian......................................................................253.3 Subjek Penelitian..........................................................................................26

3.3.1 Batasan Populasi..............................................................................263.3.2 Kriteria Sampel................................................................................263.3.3 Besar Sampel....................................................................................263.3.4 Cara Pengambilan Sampel...............................................................27

3.4 Variabel Penelitian.......................................................................................283.4.1 Variabel Bebas................................................................................283.4.2 Variabel Terikat..............................................................................28

3.5 Definisi Operasional....................................................................................283.6 Instrumen Penelitian....................................................................................29

3.6.1 Alat...................................................................................................293.6.2 Bahan................................................................................................29

3.7 Persiapan Penelitian.....................................................................................303.7.1 Pengambilan Tanaman.....................................................................303.7.2 Determinasi Tanaman......................................................................303.7.3 Pembuatan Simplisia........................................................................303.7.4 Pemeriksaan Kadar Air Simplisia....................................................303.7.5 Pembuatan Infusa Daun Salam........................................................313.7.6 Penentuan Dosis Infusa Daun Salam...............................................313.7.7 Penilaian Derajat Kerusakan Hepar.................................................343.7.8 Skrinning Fitokimia.........................................................................35

3.8 Pelaksanaan Penelitian.................................................................................363.8.1 Adaptasi Sampel...............................................................................363.8.2 Perlakuan Sampel..............................................................................363.8.3 Pengambilan Organ...........................................................................363.8.4 Pembuatan Preparat Histopatologi....................................................37

3.9 Analisis Data................................................................................................393.10 Alur Penelitian.............................................................................................403.11 Etika Penelitian............................................................................................41

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN...................................................................424.1 Hasil.............................................................................................................42

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4.1.1 Determinasi Tanaman......................................................................424.1.2 Pengambilan Sampel dan Pengolahan Simplisia.............................42

4.1.2.1 Pengambilan Sampel............................................................424.1.2.2 Pengolahan Simplisia...........................................................42

4.1.3 Pembuatan Simplisia Daun Salam...................................................424.1.4 Pemeriksaan Kadar Air Simplisia Daun Salam...............................434.1.5 Skrinning Fitokimia.........................................................................434.1.6 Gambaran Histopatologi Jaringan Hepar.........................................444.1.7 Analisis Data Derajat Kerusakan Hepar..........................................464.1.8 Konversi Dosis.................................................................................47

4.2 Pembahasan..................................................................................................484.2.1 Pengolahan Tanaman dan Skrinning Fitokimia...............................484.2.2 Derajat Kerusakan Hepar.................................................................50

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN.....................................................................54

5.1 Kesimpulan..................................................................................................545.2 Saran.............................................................................................................54

DAFTAR PUSTAKA…............................................................................................55LAMPIRAN...............................................................................................................60

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel HalamanTabel 1.1 Keaslian Penelitian...................................................................................4Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi Toksisitas Akut LD50............................................................15Tabel 2.2 Skoring Penilaian Histopatologi Kerusakan Hepar..................................18Tabel 3.1 Jadwal Penelitian......................................................................................25Tabel 3.2 Definisi Operasional................................................................................28Tabel 3.3 Konversi Perhitungan Dosis.....................................................................32Tabel 3.4 Skoring Penilaian Histopatologi Kerusakan Hepar..................................34Tabel 4.1 Kadar Air Simplisia.................................................................................43Tabel 4.2 Hasil Skrining Fitokimia Infusa Daun Salam..........................................44Tabel 4.3 Konversi Dosis.........................................................................................47

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

Gambar 2.1 Daun Salam..........................................................................................6

Gambar 2.2 Struktur Kimia Minyak Atsiri..............................................................7

Gambar 2.3 Struktur Kimia Tanin...........................................................................9

Gambar 2.4 Struktur Kimia Flavonoid.....................................................................11

Gambar 2.5 Histologi Hepar ...................................................................................18

Gambar 2.6 Histologi Hepar Normal perbesaran 1000x pewarnaan HE.................20

Gambar 2.7 Sel hepar yang mengalami degenerasi hidropik perbesaran 600x.......20

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Gambar 2.8 Sel hepar yang mengalami degenerasi lemak perbesaran 400x...........20

Gambar 2.9 Sel hepar yang mengalami apoptosis perbesaran 600x........................21

Gambar 2.10 Gambaran Mikroskopik Hepar.............................................................21

Gambar 2.11 Kerangka Teori.....................................................................................22

Gambar 2.12 Kerangka Konsep ................................................................................23

Gambar 3.1 Alur Penelitian......................................................................................40

Gambar 4.1 Gambaran Histologi Jaringan Hepar 4x...............................................44

Gambar 4.2 Gambaran Histologi Jaringan Hepar 40x.............................................45

Gambar 4.3 Kurva Skoring Kerusakan Hepatosit....................................................47

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