Bagaimana Hubungan Jenis Kelamin Dan Usia Dengan Kasus
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Bagaimana hubungan jenis kelamin dan usia dengan kasus? Bagaimana mekanisme abnormal pemeriksaan fisik? Apa etiologi penyakit pada kasus? Bacterial Common Streptococcus pneumoniae Group B streptococci Neonates Group A streptococci Mycoplasma pneumoniae [*] Adolescents;summer-fall epidemics Chlamydia pneumoniae [*] Adolescents Chlamydia trachomatis Infants Mixed anaerobes Aspiration pneumonia Gram-negative enteric Nosocomial pneumonia Uncommon Haemophilus influenzae type B Unimmunized Staphylococcus aureus Pneumatoceles;infants Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria meningitides Francisella tularensis Animal, tick, fly contact Nocardia species Immunosuppressed persons Chlamydia psittaci [*] Bird contact Yersinia pestis Plague Legionella species [*] Exposure to contaminated water; nosocomial Viral Common Respiratory synctial virus Bronchiolitis Parainfluenza types 1–3 Croup Influenza A, B High fever; winter months
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Transcript of Bagaimana Hubungan Jenis Kelamin Dan Usia Dengan Kasus
Bagaimana hubungan jenis kelamin dan usia dengan kasus?Bagaimana mekanisme abnormal pemeriksaan fisik?Apa etiologi penyakit pada kasus?Bacterial
Common
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Group B streptococciNeonates
Group A streptococci
Mycoplasma pneumoniae[*]Adolescents;summer-fall epidemics
Chlamydia pneumoniae[*]Adolescents
Chlamydia trachomatisInfants
Mixed anaerobesAspiration pneumonia
Gram-negative entericNosocomial pneumonia
Uncommon
Haemophilus influenzae type BUnimmunized
Staphylococcus aureusPneumatoceles;infants
Moraxella catarrhalis
Neisseria meningitides
Francisella tularensisAnimal, tick, fly contact
Nocardia speciesImmunosuppressed persons
Chlamydia psittaci[*]Bird contact
Yersinia pestisPlague
Legionella species[*]Exposure to contaminated water; nosocomial
Viral
Common
Respiratory synctial virusBronchiolitis
Parainfluenza types 13Croup
Influenza A, BHigh fever; winter months
AdenovirusCan be severe; often occurs between January and April
MetapneumovirusSimilar to RSV
Uncommon
RhinovirusRhinorrhea
EnterovirusNeonates
Herpes simplexNeonates
CytomegalovirusInfants, immunosuppressed persons
MeaslesRash, coryza, conjunctivitis
VaricellaAdolescents
HantavirusSouthwestern United States, rodents
SARS agentAsia
Fungal
Histoplasma capsulatumGeographic region; bird, bat contact
Cryptococcus neoformansBird contact
Aspergillus speciesImmunosuppressed
MucormycosisImmunosuppressed
Coccidioides immitisGeographic region
Blastomyces dermatitidesGeographic region
Rickettsial
Coxiella burnetii[*]Q fever, animal (goat, sheep, cattle) exposure
Rickettsia rickettsiaeTick bite
Mycobacterial
Mycobacterium tuberculosisDeveloping countries
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulareImmunosuppressed persons
Parasitic
Pneumocystis cariniiImmunosuppressed, steroids
EosinophilicVarious parasites (e.g., Ascaris Strongyloides species)
From Kliegman RM, Greenbaum LA, Lye PS: Practical Strategies in Pediatric Diagnosis & Therapy, 2nd ed, Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2004, p. 29.*Atypical pneumonia syndrome; atypical in terms of extrapulmonary manifestations, low-grade fever, patchy diffuse infiltrates, poor response to penicillin-type antibiotics, and negative sputum Gram stain. SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome.
AGE GROUPFREQUENT PATHOGENS (IN ORDER OF FREQUENCY)
Neonates (
