Atomic structure

24
S.MORRIS 2006

Transcript of Atomic structure

Page 1: Atomic structure

S.MORRIS 2006

Page 2: Atomic structure

CONCEPT MAP

Atom Particle(Partikel)

Atomic Nuclei (Inti Atom)

Shell(Kulit atom)

Proton

Neutron

Atomic Number(Nomor Atom)

Mass Number(Nomor Massa)

Electron Electronic Configuration

Atom Theory

• Dalton’s Theory• Thomson’s Theory• Rutherford’s Theory• Bohr’s Theory

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HISTORY OF THE ATOMDALTON’S ATOM THEORY

Bola pejal yang sangat kecil Partikel terkecil unsur (yang masih punya sifat unsur) Atom unsur sama mempunyai sifat & massa sama Atom unsur berbeda mempunyai sifat & massa beda Tak dapat diciptakan / dimusnahkan (bukan radioaktif / bukan

reaksi inti) Atom-atom berikatan dlam suatu senyawa dengan perbandingan

sederhana

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HISTORY OF THE ATOMTHOMSON’S ATOM THEORY

Kelemahantidak dapat menjelaskan susunan

muatan positif dan negatif dalam bola atom tersebut.

Membuktikan adanya partikel lain yang bermuatan negatif dalam atom yaitu ELECTRON

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HISTORY OF THE ATOMRUTHERFORD’S ATOM THEORY

Kelemahantidak dapat menjelaskan mengapa

elektron tidak jatuh ke dalam inti atom.

( Planet Bumi Mengelilingi Matahari )

atom tersusun dari inti atom dan elektron terus berputar mengelilingi inti atom

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HISTORY OF THE ATOMBOHR’S ATOM THEORY

Kelemahantidak dapat menjelaskan

spekrum warna dari atom berelektron banyak

Elektron berada dalam lintasannya dan setiap

lintasannya memiliki tingkat energi tertentu.

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ATOMIC STUCTURE

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ATOMIC STUCTURE

Sub Atom

Symbol Discoverer Charge Mass

Proton p / 1p1 Eugene Goldstein +1 1

Electron e / -1e0 JJ. Thomson -1 0

Neutron n / 0n1 James Chadwick 0 1

Satuannya sma

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STRUCTURE OF SEVERAL ATOMS

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ATOMIC NUMBER & MASS NUMBER

X = Symbol of ElementA = Mass NumberZ = Atomic Number

NEUTRAL ATOM

Z = proton = electronA = proton + neutron

proton neutron ?? p = Z = 24

n = A – Z = 28

XAZ

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Z = proton A = proton + neutron

electron = Z - charge

ION

XAZ

chargeneutral atom

Cation ( + )

Anion ( - )

loss electron

gain electron

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proton

electron??F9

-

p = Z = 9e = Z - charge = 9 – (-1) = 10

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MASS NUMBER (A) & RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (Ar)

Mass Number : menyatakan massa partikel dengan satuannya sma (satuan massa atom)

1 sma = 1/12 massa 1 atom C-12

1 sma = 1,66.10-24 gram

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MASS NUMBER (A) & RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (Ar)

Relative Atomic Mass :

perbandingan massa rata-rata dari 1 atom suatu unsur terhadap 1/12 dari massa 1 atom 12C

Ar unsur X = Massa 1 atom unsur X

1/12 massa 1 atom 12C

Ar unsur X = Massa 1 atom unsur X

1 sma

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Example

What is relative atomic mass (Ar) of magnesium (Mg), if mass of 1 magnesium atom of 4,037.10-23 gram? (1 sma = 1,66.10-24 gram)

Ar Mg = Massa 1 atom unsur Mg

1 sma

Ar Mg = 4,03710-23 gram

1,66.10-24 gram = 24,31

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Example

What is mass of 5 sodium (natrium, Na) atom in sma & gram, if relative atomic mass of 1 sodium of 23? (1 sma = 1,66.10-24 gram)

Ar Na = Massa 1 atom unsur Na

1 sma

Massa 1 atom unsur Na = Ar Na x 1 sma = 23 smaMassa 5 atom unsur Na = 5 x 23 sma = 115 sma = 115 sma x 1,66. 10-24 gram

= 1,91.10-22 gram

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Exercise

1. What is relative atomic mass (Ar) of oxygen (O), if mass of 1 oxygen atom of 2,657.10-23 gram?

2. Given relative atomic mass(Ar) of copper (Cu) = 63,5a. How mass of 2 copper atoms in sma?b. How mass of 1000 copper atoms in gram?

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ISOTOP, ISOBAR & ISOTON

N147 N15

7

ISOTOP

atoms that have the same number ofprotons and electrons but have different

number of neutrons

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ISOTOP, ISOTON & ISOBAR

N147 C13

6

ISOTON

atoms that have the same number of neutrons but have different number

of protons

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ISOTOP, ISOTON & ISOBAR

N157 O15

8

ISOBAR

atoms that have the same atomic mass but have different number

of protons and neutrons

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Determine Ar of Element from Isotopes

Example :

Klorin terdiri dari 75% isotop 35Cl dan 25% isotop 37Cl. Tentukanlah Ar dari Cl?

A r Unsur A = ( % x massa isotop A 1) + ( % x massa isotop A 2 ) 100

Ar Cl = ( % x massa isotop 35Cl ) + ( % x massa isotop 37Cl )

= { ( 75 x 35 ) + ( 25 x 37 ) } / 100 = 35,5

100

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Example :

Galium terdiri atas isotop 69Ga dan 71Ga, sedangkan massa atom relatif Ga = 69,8. Tentukanlah kelimpahan (%) masing-masing isotop galium itu ?

Misalkan :Kelimpahan isotop 69Ga = y % , maka kelimpahan isotop 71Ga = (100 - y)%.

( y .69) + ((100 – y).71) = 69,8

100

69 y + 7100 - 71y = 6980

-2y = -120 y = 60

Jadi, kelimpahan isotop 69Ga = 60% , isotop 71Ga = 40 %

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RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS (Mr)

AxByMolecular Formula

Mr = (x. Ar A) + (y. Ar B)

x dan y = index

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RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS (Mr)

Example :

Calculate Mr of KMnO4 if Ar K = 39 , Mn = 55 , O = 16

Mr of KMnO4 = (1 Ar K) + (1 Ar Mn) + (4 Ar O) = (1 x 39) + (1 x 55) + (4 x 16) = 158