6_BasicRulesofEngineeringDesign8Feb2013
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Transcript of 6_BasicRulesofEngineeringDesign8Feb2013
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Interrelationship Between the Safety Levels
Kerusakan lingkungandan sistem teknis
Ancaman terhadap pekerjadan sistem teknis
Bahaya dalamlingkungan operasional
sistem teknis itu sendirimaupun lingkungansekitarnya
Kehandalan dipengaruhi langsung dari desain 2
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Safety / Keamanan
Adalah suatu kondisi di mana resiko yang terjadi lebih kecildibanding batas resiko
Risk limit/Batas resiko
Batasan yang paling besar yang bisa diterima system secara
specific berkenaan dengan pengolahan secara teknis atau situasi
tertentu
Protection /Perlindungan
adalah mengurangi resiko dengan alat bantu untuk mengurangi
frekwensi dari kejadian atau tingkat kerusakan atau kedua-duanya
Definition: Safety
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Aspects of Safety Technology I
Self-protection: product liabili ty- EC machinery directive : DIN EN 292;
VDE 100; VDI 2244
- CE-Certification: declaration of conformity
- ISO 9001: document management;modification management; version
management
- SII-Standar Industri Indonesia
- K3 (Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja)5
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Aspects of Safety Technology II
Keberterimaan Pasar:
- Keselamatan dan produk-produk yang ramah lingkunganditerima lebih baik oleh pasar
- Pelanggan dipersiapkan untuk membayar lebih banyakuntuk kebutuhan produk yang aman dan ramahlingkungan
Unsur Keselamatan mengarahkan hal positif terhadapmerek dagang:
Mercedes, BMW, Volvo, Saab, Kijang, Panther, etc
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Direct Safety/Keamanan langsungMemilih solusi yang aman sejak dari awal (padaumumnya selalu diupayakan)
Indirect Safety/Keamanan tidak langsungBahayanya diisolasi melalui perancangan sistempelindung khusus dan pengaturanpelindung/pengaman
Warning/PeringatanKemungkinan bahayanya ditunjukan dandijelaskan (untuk digunakan sebagai ukuran
tambahan)
Safe Embodiment Design
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Direct Safety Principles
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Safe - Life
Langkah-langkah Penting: Over-dimensi pada bagian tertentu
J elas dan sederhana perwujudan desainnya
Area uji yang jelas untuk menentukan bebanyang sebenarnya
Adanya tim interdisipliner berpengalaman untukproses pengembangan
Didokumentasikan jaminan kualitas dan siklushidup produk secara lengkap
Pemeriksaan / pemeliharaan
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Example: Fail-Safe
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Control of a Safety Fence
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Aspects of Warning Safety
Technology
Lowest level of safety technologysupplementary to other measures
minimummeasure when no other safety
principle is applicable
consider aspects of noticability and ergonomics
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Aspects Concerning Safety Data
Sheets
safety data sheets describe the danger potentialof materials and substances
the danger potential of materials and substances
must be considered over the complete life cycleof a product: - production - commissioning
- operation
safety data sheets are a part of the productdocumentation
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Material Aspect of Safety
Technology
The safety of a product can be increasedby choosing a material that suits theoperating conditions of the product
Determining the operating conditions iscrucial for the choice of materials:
- corrosion resistant materials
- fatigue resistant materials
- materials that have a good adhesion to
lubricants15
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Selecting Material Designed for
Safety
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Self-Protecting: Crack Formation
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The Nature of Principles of
Embodiment Design
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Aim of Principles of Embodiment
Design
The application of principles of embodi-
ment design leads to products that areoptimally designed regarding therequirements taken into account!
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Direct and Short Force
Transmission Path
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Direct and Short Force
Transmission
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Direct and short force
transmission
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Direct and Short Force
Transmission
Flowlines of force must always be closed
Force transmission must be as short as
possible
Avoid:
deflection of forces discontinuous change of cross-section
change of density of force flowlines23
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Direct and short force
transmission
Idea of force transmission
Definition:The basic idea and illustration of force and moment transmissionis taken from the field of fluid mechanicsSource:
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Direct and short force
transmissionFundamentals:
The flowlines of force shouldalways be closed. (Inertial forcesare not taken in to consideration)
The stresses and strains changewith in circular flowlinesof force.
The flowlinesof force searches theshortest path
The flowlinesof force come closer
in narrow cross sectional areas.-On the other hand, they expand in
broad cross sectional areas
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Direct, Short Force
Transmission: Welding
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Direct Force Transmission:
Bearing Pedestal
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Direct Force Transmission:
Relief Notches
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Matched Deformation:
Shaft-Hub Connection
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S b ilf t l ti
DOKUMEN PATEN
AUTOMATIC FLOOD GATE
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