2. Unit Dan Dimensi

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Unit dan DimensiProgram Studi Teknologi PanganFakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya2015Anita Maya Sutedja, S.TP., M.Si1Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi A physical quantity must include:

Number + Unit2Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 2The International System of Units (SI) - Base UnitUnit of length (meter): The meter (m) is the length equal to 1,650,763.73 wavelengths in vacuum of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the levels 2p 10 and 5d 5 of the krypton-86 atom.Unit of mass (kilogram): The kilogram (kg) is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram. (The international prototype of the kilogram is a particular cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy, which is preserved in a vault at Svres, France, by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.)Unit of time (second): The second (s) is the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfi ne levels of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom.3Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 3The International System of Units (SI)Unit of electric current (ampere): The ampere (A) is the constant current that, if maintained in two straight parallel conductorsof infi nite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 m apart in vacuum, would produce between those conductors a force equal to 2 10 7 newton per meter length.Unit of thermodynamic temperature (Kelvin): The Kelvin (K) is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.Unit of amount of substance (mole): The mole (mol) is the amount of substance of a system that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon 12.Unit of luminous intensity (candela): The candela (cd) is the luminous intensity, in the perpendicular direction, of a surface of 1/600,000 m 2 of a blackbody at the temperature of freezing platinum under a pressure of 101,325 newton/m2 .4Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 4Metric System

5Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 5Derived UnitsNewton (N): The newton is the force that gives to a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m/s2.Joule (J): The joule is the work done when due to force of 1 N the point of application is displaced by a distance of 1 m in the direction of the force.Watt (W): The watt is the power that gives rise to the production of energy at the rate of 1 J/s.Volt (V): The volt is the difference of electric potential between two points of a conducting wire carrying a constant current of 1 A, when the power dissipated between these points is equal to 1 W.Ohm ( ): The ohm is the electric resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential of 1 V, applied between theses two points, produces in this conductor a current of 1 A, when this conductor is not being the source of any electromotive force.6Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 6Derived UnitsCoulomb (C): The coulomb is the quantity of electricity transported in 1 s by a current of 1 A.Farad (F): The farad is the capacitance of a capacitor, between the plates of which there appears a difference of potential of 1 V when it is charged by a quantity of electricity equal to 1 C.Henry (H): The henry is the inductance of a closed circuit in which an electromotive force of 1 V is produced when the electric current in the circuit varies uniformly at a rate of 1 A/s.Weber (Wb): The weber is the magnetic flux that, linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an electromotive force of 1 V as it is reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 s.Lumen (lm): The lumen is the luminous flux emitted in a point solid angle of 1 steradian by a uniform point source having an intensity of 1 cd.7Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 7Derived UnitDerived UnitMeasuresDerivationFormal Definitionhertz(Hz)frequency/ss-1newton(N)forcekg(m/s2)kgms-2pascal(Pa)pressureN/m2kgm-1s-2joule(J)energy or workNmkgm2s-2watt(W)powerJ/skgm2s-3coulomb(C)electric chargeAsAsvolt(V)electric potentialW/Akgm2s-3A-1farad(F)electric capacitanceC/Vkg-1m-2s4A2ohm(omega)electric resistanceV/Akgm2s-3A-2siemens(S)electric conductanceA/Vkg-1m-2s3A2weber(Wb)magnetic fluxVskgm2s-2A-1tesla(T)magnetic flux densityWb/m2kgs-2A-1henry(H)inductanceWb/Akgm2s-2A-2degree Celsius(C)temperatureK - 273.15Kradian(rad)plane anglemm-18Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 8Supplementary UnitsUnit of plane angle (radian): The radian (rad) is the plane angle between two radii of a circle that cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radiusUnit of solid angle (steradian): The steradian (sr) is the solid angle that, having its vertex in the center of a sphere, cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere.9Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 9SI Prefix Conversionsmega-M106deci-d10-1centi-c10-2 milli-m10-3PrefixSymbolFactormicro-10-6nano-n10-9pico-p10-12kilo-k103move leftmove rightBASE UNIT---10010Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 10

Selected Prefixes Used in Metric System11Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 11SI Prefix Conversions1.Find the difference between the exponents of the two prefixes.2.Move the decimal that many places.To the leftor right?

12Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 12

=SI Prefix ConversionsNUMBERUNITNUMBERUNIT532 m = _______ km0.53213Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 13U. S. Customary System (USCS) Fundamental Dimensions: Length = ft Force = lbf Time = sDerived Dimensions: Mass = slug = lbf*s2/ft = 32.174 lbmEnergy = ft*lbm Power = ft*lbf/s

14Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 14Dimensional AnalysisSteps:1. Identify starting & ending units.2. Line up conversion factors so units cancel.3. Multiply all top numbers & divide by each bottom number.4. Check units & answer.

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Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 15Dimensional Analysis: Line Mole Method Process to convert from one unit to anotherHow many milliliters are in 1.00 quart of milk?

How many liters of water would fill a container that measures 75.0 in3?

1.00 qt1 L1.057 qt= 946 mLqtmL1000 mL1 L75.0 in3(2.54 cm)3(1 in)3= 1.23 Lin3L1 L1000 cm316Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 16Water Tower Problem Your home town is growing so rapidly that another water tower is necessary to meet the needs of the community. Civil and environmental engineers predict that the water tower will need to hold 1.00 x 10.06 kilograms of water. The engineers also estimate the density of the water to be 999 kilograms per cubic meter. If this tower is 50.0 meters high and spherical, what volume (gal) of water will the tower hold and what will the diameter (ft) of the tower have to be?

14 17Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 17

Diagram: mass of water = 1.00 x 106 kg density of water = 999 kg/m3 tower height = 50.0 m volume of water (L) ? diameter (ft) ?Theory: 4 Volume of a sphere r33 diameter 2 r 23 3 V www.algonquin.org/pw.htm 4 Assumptions: tower is spherical 15 18Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 18

Solution: 1.00 x106 kg 1 m3 1000 L volume of water = = 1.00 x 106 L 999 kg 1 m3 4 Volume of a sphere r3 diameter 2 r 23 3 V 3 4 1.00 x 106 L 0.035315 ft3 volume of water = = 3.53 x 104 ft3 1 L 3.53 x 104 ft3 diameter 2 r 23 3 40.7 ft 4 16 19Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 19Conversion Degrees Fahrenheit to or from Degrees CelsiusTo convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit:

To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius

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Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 20Temperature Conversion

21Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 21Comparison of Temperature Scales

22Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiK : C : F = 5 : 5 : 9Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 22Pressurebe expressed as force per unit areaSI system the units are N/m2 = pascal (named after Blaise Pascal 1) Since the pascal unit is small in magnitude used: bar1 bar = 105 Pa = 0.1MPa = 100 kPaZero pressure characterizes absolute vacuum. absolute pressure = pressure is measured relative to absolute vacuumpressure measuring device such as a pressure gauge, it is usually calibrated to read zero at one atmospheric pressuregauge pressure = pressure measured by a gauge

23Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 23Relationships between the terms used to defi ne pressure

24Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 24Density= mass per unit volumeSI unit for density = kg/m3an indication of how matter is composed in a body. more compact molecular arrangements have higher densitiesDensity of a given substance may be divided by density of water at the same temperature specific gravitythree types of densities for foods: solid densityparticle density = the presence of internal pores in the food particles= a ratio of the actual mass of a particle to its actual volume25Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 25Densitybulk density = the mass of particles occupied by a unit volume of bedaccounts for the void space between the particles. The void space in food materials can be described by determining the porosityThe values depend on how the pore spaces present in a food material are considered

26Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 26Moisture Contentthe amount of water present in a moist sampleTwo bases are widely used to express moisture content:Moisture content wet basis (MC wb) is the amount of water per unit mass of moist (or wet) sample

Moisture content dry basis (MC db) is the amount of water per unit mass of dry solids (bone dry) present in the sample

27Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 27Moisture Contentrelationship between MC wb and MC db

28Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 28Terima Kasih 29Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit dan DimensiMateri Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan 1 - Satuan dan Dimensi 29







2. Unit Dan Dimensi

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