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M. Rifqi Rokhman, M.Sc., Apt.

INTERVIEWING

and

ASSESSMENT

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Kasus nyata

Seorang dokter merujukpasien ke apoteker.Pasien telah dicobamenggunakan beberapa

obat antidiabet sesuaiguideline namun tidakada perubahansignifikan pada guladarahnya.

Aturan pakai obattersebut yaitu sebelummakan.

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Kasus nyata

Seorang wanita 23 tahun,didiagnosa kankerpayudara dan perlu

operasi pembedahan. 1tahun tidak datang untukoperasi, ternyatamelakukan pengobatanalternatif.

Setelah 1 tahun, ternyatakankernya berkembangpesat dan diharuskankemoterapi.

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Kasus sering

Pasien yang mendapat

antihipertensi

Furosemid, biasanya

aturan pakainya setiappagi.

Bagaimana jika ia

seorang satpam jagamalam?

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Dari mana kita mendapat

informasi penting tersebut?

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Interviewing and Assessment

Interviewing: need to obtain certaininformation from patients as a part ofassessment process.

Assessment:

Assess what the patient need to know Assess what the patient already knows Indentify information gap Assess the patients ability to learn Determine the best way to instruct the

patient

Determine the best time to instruct thepatient After instruction, assess whether

learning occured

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How the purpose canbe achieved?

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Questioning

Request for

information

The amount and

quality of

information received

may well be affected

by the questioning

style.

6 types questions

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Closed questions

Short factual, often one-word answer.

Selection question: choose one or morealternatives bapak lebih nyaman

menggunakan obat tablet atau kapsul? Yes/No question: pernahkan bapak

mengalami nyeri seperti ini sebelumnya?

Identification question: berapa umur putri

bapak?

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Open questions :

give a patient opportunity to give fullanswer. Use how, what, feel, think

Bagaimana cara ibu menggunakan obat

kontrasepsi ini? Apa yang ibu ketahui tentang fungsi obat

ini?

Apa yang bapak rasakan setelah

menggunakan obat ini?

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Leading/biased questions

Have an expectation attached to them.

Patient is led in the direction of certainanswer.

Sometimes should be avoided.Bapak tidak akan mengendarai kendaraan

setelahmenggunakan obat ini. Betul kan bapak?

Bagaimana kabar bapakhari ini? Cukup baikbukan?

Ibuakan mengikuti aturan pemakaianobatsepertiapa yang saya sampaikan. Betul kan ibu?

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Probing questions

Add-on questions or follow-up questionsused to build upon an initial response. Theymay be open, closed or leading in nature. The problem is that they may become

interrogative in nature if used too frequently. Avoid why question, its better to use what or

how type question.

Timing the question is important : allow patient tofinish answering current question beforeproceeding the next one.

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Prompting questions

If a patient fails to answer the originalquestion or gives an inadequate answer.

Q : Bagaimana bapak mengatur jadwal

penggunaan obat ini? A : Saya minumdua kali sehari

Q : J am berapa saja bapak meminumobattersebut?

A : J am 6 pagi dan jam 6 sore

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Multiple questions :

Not recommended.

Apakahbapak mengetahui cara pemakaianobat tersebut? Bisakah bapak jelaskan

kepada saya bagaimana caranya?

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P : Selamatsiang mbak, bagaimanambak, ada yang bisa kami bantu?

M : Saya butuh obatuntuk nyeri perut

P : Nyeri di perut?

M : Ya, sudah lebih dari seminggu

P : Apa yang mbak rasakan? Bagaimanagejalanya?

M : Nyeri dan diare

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P : Bagaimana awal mula gejala itu mulaiterasa mbak?

M : Gejala itu terasa setelah saya pulangdari liburan ke kampung

P :Selama liburan mbak sering jajansembarangan mungkin?

M : Tidak!!

P : Apakah mbak sudah meminumsuatu

obatatau pergi ke dokter sebelumnya?

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M : Ya P : Ok, apa yang dokter katakan tentang

sakitnya mbak?

M : Oh, saya tidak ke dokter, kemarin di

rumah ada neoenterostop dan sayameminumobat itu

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Component of an effectiveinterview

Listening

Stop talking

Get rid of distractions

Use good eye contact

React to ideas, not to the person

Read nonverbal messages

Listen to how something is said

Provide feedback to clarify any messages

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Probing : the use of question to ellicitneeded information or to help clarify theirproblems.

Open ended questions

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Interviewing as a process

Proper planning : type of approach dependson the type of information desired andenvironmental available for it

Starting interview :

greeting the patient sincerely introducing youself state the purpose of interview the outline what will happen during interview the amount of time needed

the subject to be covered the final outcome

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Ending the interview

Need short summary

Ask the patient to repeat key information

Use nonverbal cues

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