01_Mine Geotechnics - Supandi - Introduction
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Transcript of 01_Mine Geotechnics - Supandi - Introduction
SUPANDI, ST, [email protected]
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL (STTNAS) YOGYAKARTA.SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL (STTNAS) YOGYAKARTA.
September 2011
INTRODUCTION
MINE GEOTECHNICAL
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
Slide 2
GEOTEKNIK TAMBANG
Jurusan : Teknik GeologiProdi : Teknik Pertambangan Strata 1.Kode : AS7446PMata Kuliah : Geoteknik TambangSKS : 2 SKSSemester : VIIWaktu Perkuliahan : 2 x 50 menitDosen Pengampu : Supandi – ST. MTSistem Perkuliahan : Penilaian : a. Tugas, presentasi dan Diskusi, Quiz,
20% b. Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS)
30% c. Ujian akhir semester (UAS) 50%
Range Nilai : 0-20,9 = E ; 21-44 = D ; 45-60.9 = C ; 61 – 80 = B ; 81 – 100 = A
Contact Person : [email protected]
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
Slide 3
Textbook1. John Read and Peter Stacey, 2009, Guidelines fr Open
Pit Slope Design, CRC Press.2. William A Hustrulid, Michael K.McCarter and Dirk J.A Van
Zyl, 2000, Slope Stability in Surface Mining, Society for Mining Mettalurgy and Exploration Inc.
3. Ducan C Wyllie & Christopher W Mah, 2007-4th Edition, Rock Slope Engineering, Spon Press.
4. Charles A Kliche, 1999, Rock Slope Stability, Society for Mining Mettalurgy and Exploration Inc.
5. E. Hoek & J.W Bray, 1994, Rock Slope Engineering, Institute of Mining and Metalurgy.
6. Roy E. Hunt, 2007, Geotechnical Investigation Methods, CRC Press.
7. Roy E Hunt, 2007, Geologic Hazards, CRC Press.
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Sept- 2011
Slide 4
Textbook1. John Read and Peter Stacey, 2009, Guidelines fr Open
Pit Slope Design, CRC Press.2. William A Hustrulid, Michael K.McCarter and Dirk J.A Van
Zyl, 2000, Slope Stability in Surface Mining, Society for Mining Mettalurgy and Exploration Inc.
3. Ducan C Wyllie & Christopher W Mah, 2007-4th Edition, Rock Slope Engineering, Spon Press.
4. Charles A Kliche, 1999, Rock Slope Stability, Society for Mining Mettalurgy and Exploration Inc.
5. E. Hoek & J.W Bray, 1994, Rock Slope Engineering, Institute of Mining and Metalurgy.
6. Roy E. Hunt, 2007, Geotechnical Investigation Methods, CRC Press.
7. Roy E Hunt, 2007, Geologic Hazards, CRC Press.
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
Slide 5
MINE GEOTECHNICAL
INTRODUCTION
SUPANDI. ST. MT
STTNAS YOGYAKARTA
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
Slide 6
Outline of this Lecture1. Cover these main themes
What is Mining Geotechnics Geotechnical Investigation & Knowledge Knowledge & Risk
2. Mining Geotechnics3. Impact of uncertainty & percentage sampling4. Impact of Mine Scale5. Approach to Investigation & Design6. Stages of project development & Geotechnical input7. Levels of accuracy8. Objectives, coast and knowledge
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
Slide 7
Geotechnical Engineering and Mine Slope Design
Multitude of Generic TermRock Mechanics, Soil Mechanics, Geomechanics,
Geotechnical Engineering, Geotechnology, Engineering Geology, Hydrolgeology, Groundwater, Geological
Engineering, Slope Stabilityetc
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
Slide 8
Geotechnical Engineering and Mine Slope Design
• Application of scientific methods and engineering principles to the materials of the earth’s crust for the solution of engineering problems.
• Geologically based science.• Fundamental corner stone of all mine slope design is
geology.• Success with mine design depends on the ability to
understand the geology.• In particular, the pattern, subtleties and variations
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
Slide 9
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN MINE SLOPE
DESIGN
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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TRADITIONALLY SURFACE MINE
1. TWO GERENARL SUBSIVISIONS Hardrock Softrock
2. “….all geotechnical materials are part of one continuous spectrum”
3. “…one continuous sciences extending from soft soil to hardrock. All geotechnical material behave according to the sama engineering principles, with obvious differences a function of degree rather than fundamental nature (Johnson 1991).
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Applicability in Surface Mine
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Uncertainty and Percentage Sampling
1. “ Uncertainty will always be the essence of Geology”2. Ideal Words – 100% exposure of the fresh rock covering
the whole mine.3. In Practice
Good outcrops are rare Deep weathering in common. Surficial cover of younger soil/rocks ; alluvium,
colluviums, glacial deposits and sedimentary rock. Mountainous terrain and difficult process. Extensive vegetation cover.
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Uncertainty and Percentage SamplingThe Reality
1. Mining geotechnics for slope design• Percentage sampling <1%.• Smaller than probably any other facet of mine design.
2. Mine Design targets• Overall slope angles about 1 – 3 degree.
3. Only possible to meet these targets with good geological model
4. What constitutes a good geological model“Vision is concerned with making observation such as :
measurements, observations of from and pattern, Vision is perception; an awareness of the significance of the observation and insight or intuition. We live and work with limited vision.
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
Slide 14
Geotechnical and Geological Complexity
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Impact of Complexity on Risk and Ability to Define Geotechnical and Geological Conditions Adequately
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Faulting at Inpit Crusher
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Ulan Coal Mine – Simple Geology
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Impact Mine Scale
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Impact of Mine Scale on Geological Complexity Risk and Geological Model
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Muswellbrook Coal Mine
Hunter Valley
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Tom Price Iron Mine WA
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Bougainville Copper MineSolomon Insland
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Woodlawn Lead Zinc Mine NSW
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Small Gold Mine WA
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Impact of Mine Scale1. As mine scale increases, either in term of area covered of
volume of material to be excavated the geological complexity usually increases.
2. As scale and geological complexity increase; Geotechnical conditions may or not worsen But number of factors to be addressed or considered
usually increases significantly.3. Mine Scale affected both The reliance that must be placed on the geological model. The scale of the geotechnical investigations4. Small Scale Few specific geotechnical boreholes will often suffice5. Medium to Large scale Not economically or practically feasible to investigate to
the same level. Therefore must rely on the geological model.
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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Impact of Mine Depth
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
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CONCLUSION Mining Geotechnics – Geological Based sciences. Geology is the cornerstone. Geotechnical investigations for Mining.
o Uncertainty and percentage sampling.o Geology complexityo Impact of mine scale – depth and areal extento Stages of Mine Development.
STAGES OF MINE DEVLOPMENT AND LEVELOF ACCURACY
STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010
Slide 28
ANY QUESTION