Post on 06-Feb-2023
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 1
Laboratory of Thermal Turbomachines
National Technical University of Athens
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a
Geared Turbofan with Active Core
Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 2
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
o Engine Performance
o Aircraft Performance
o NOx Emissions
o Noise
RESULTS
o Engine Performance
o Aircraft Performance & NOx Emissions
o Noise
o Sensitivity Analysis
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Contents
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 3
ACARE Targets for Year 2020
The engine contribution towards ACARE goals are:
80% NOx emissions reduction relative to CAEP/2 ICAO
LTO cycle limits
20% reduction in fuel consumption (and hence CO2
emissions) per passenger-kilometre
10 dB noise reduction per certification point compared to
a year 2000 in service engine (e.g. CFM56, Trent 700).
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 4
Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
(GTAC)
A c tiv e C o o lin g
A ir C o o lin g
G e a rb o x
A c t iv e
S u rg e
C o n tro l
A c t iv e C le a ra n c e
C o n tro l
F a nL P C
L P TH P C
H P T
C C H
High BPR → High Propulsive Efficiency, Low Jet Noise
Gear → optimum speed for LP components in terms of
efficiency, stage loading, stage count and noise
PERM or LDI combustor → low NOx formation
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 5
Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
(GTAC)
A c tiv e C o o lin g
A ir C o o lin g
G e a rb o x
A c t iv e
S u rg e
C o n tro l
A c t iv e C le a ra n c e
C o n tro l
F a nL P C
L P TH P C
H P T
C C H
Active Systems
→ engine adjusted for optimum performance and/or safety
at component or engine level according to its actual
operating conditions or component/engine health status
→ increases flexibility during the design phase since it is no
longer required to base the design on a worst case scenario.
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 6
Paper Objectives
Develop an integrated approach by coupling together
different simulation codes in order to determine the fuel
consumption, noise and NOx emissions of any aircraft-
engine combination and aircraft mission
Implement this approach for:
a short range mission (1000 km) using a 140 kN T/O
SLS thrust version of the GTAC engine
a long range mission (5500 km) using a 325 kN T/O
SLS thrust version of the GTAC engine
Compare the results with corresponding ones for
year-2000 in service engines of similar thrust ratings
(baseline engines).
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 7
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
o Engine Performance
o Aircraft Performance
o NOx Emissions
o Noise
RESULTS
o Engine Performance
o Aircraft Performance & NOx Emissions
o Noise
o Sensitivity Analysis
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Contents
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 8
Module Interaction Diagram
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 9
Engine Performance (PROOSIS)
PROOSIS
Simulation
Environment
PROOSIS
generated
executable
deck
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 10
Aircraft Performance (CAMACM)
CAMACM
Graphical User
Interface
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 11
NOx Emissions (CAMACM)
5.0
GTAC,3BASE,3
GTAC,3GTAC,3
GTAC,3BASE,xGTAC,x)T(P
)T(P)T(EINOEINO
345
1471T8.137.0
3
4x
3
e267985.30
PT0075492.0EINO
Eq. 1
36.0
3
68.0
3
32.1185
3T
x%PPPFARe104.0EINO
NOx emissions calculated using the Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2
Since there are no ICAO data for GTAC engines then:
Approach 1: Assume same combustor technology as
Baseline engines and a modified P3T3 method:
Approach 2: Use publicly available correlations for new
technology combustors such as:
or
Eq. 2
Eq. 3
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 12
Noise (AERONOISE)
Engine
Performance &
Geometry Data
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 13
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
o Engine Performance
o Aircraft Performance
o NOx Emissions
o Noise
RESULTS
o Engine Performance
o Aircraft Performance & NOx Emissions
o Noise
o Sensitivity Analysis
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Contents
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 14
PARAMETER BASESR BASELR
Altitude (m) 10668 11500
Mach Number 0.78 0.82
FN (kN) 21.0 47.4
SFC (gr/kN∙s) 17.5 17.0
W1 (kg/s) 134 306
BPR 5.2 5.2
OPR 26.6 32.4
P A R A M E T E R B A S E S R B A S E L R
B P R 5 5
O P R 2 9 3 6
W 1 (k g /s ) 3 6 0 9 2 0
F N (k N ) 1 2 0 3 1 5
S F C (g r /k N ?s ) 1 0 .4 1 0 .1
Baseline Engines Performance
Main Cycle Parameters
for Baseline Engines
at T/O SLS
Predicted Main Cycle Parameters
for Baseline Engines
at Mid-Cruise (ISA, installed)
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 15
8
10
12
14
0 20 40 60 80 100
% max Thrust SLS
SF
C (
gr/
(kN
.s))
BASESR Engine Model
BASELR Engine Model
SFC-FN variation of Baseline Engines at SLS
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 16
FAN
LPC
HPC HPT
LPT
CCH
HEX
GBX
ATM
INL
NBP
NCO
DLP
DHP
DBP DHX
D30
RBP
HPS
LPS
D51
FAN
LPC
HPC HPT
LPT
CCH
HEX
GBX
ATM
INL
NBP
NCO
DLP
DHP
DBP DHX
D30
RBP
HPS
LPS
D51
GTAC Performance Model & Data
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 17
-2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
% Difference from Specifications
FN
SFC
OPR
W31
Take-off
Top-of-Climb
Mid-Cruise
ICAO SLS 100% FN
ICAO SLS 85% FN
ICAO SLS 30% FN
ICAO SLS 7% FN
Comparison of Model Predictions and NEWAC
Specifications for GTACSR
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 18
Aircraft Performance
Aircraft Characteristics
Main Mission Parameters
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 19
Overall Mission Results for Baseline Engines
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 20
Comparison of GTAC with BASE Engines
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 21
Variation of SFC and NOx with Mission Time for LR
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 22
LTO Cycle NOx Emissions
Short
Range
Long
Range
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 23
ICAO-LTO Cycle NOx Emissions Predictions
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 24
Noise Results
Effect of -1 EPNdB per source on total noise
Short Range Long Range
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 25
Fuel Burn and NOx Variation for 1% Increase of
Selected Core Design Parameters
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 26
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
o Engine Performance
o Aircraft Performance
o NOx Emissions
o Noise
RESULTS
o Engine Performance
o Aircraft Performance & NOx Emissions
o Noise
o Weight
o Sensitivity Analysis
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Contents
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 27
Summary & Conclusions (I)
An integrated approach is used to assess the potential benefits of the
GTAC concept in terms of fuel burned, NOx emissions generated and
noise produced, over equivalent thrust engines of Year 2000 technology
during typical short and long range aircraft missions.
According to the performance expected by the manufacturer for this
engine, the modelling methods used and the assumptions made the
following conclusions are drawn:
The GTAC engines burn ~25% less fuel than their corresponding
baseline engines for the same mission.
For the same combustor design, the GTAC engines produce more
NOx emissions during the whole mission. For the LTO cycle, the LR
version of the engine generates less NOx compared to its baseline.
The corresponding Dp/Foo values are lower than those of the baseline
ones.
Short and Long Range Mission Analysis for a Geared Turbofan with Active Core Technologies
A. Alexiou, N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, K. Mathioudakis 28
Summary & Conclusions (II)
Assuming new technology combustor designs, significant
reductions in NOx are achieved at mission and LTO cycle as
well as Dp/Foo values.
The combination of high BPR, low fan speed and fan pressure
ratio and smaller core of GTAC engines result in noise
reduction at all three noise certification points.
From the above, it appears that the GTAC concept has the
potential to meet current targets for reducing fuel consumption,
NOx emissions and community noise.
A sensitivity analysis has shown that even further improvements
are possible by optimising the most influential engine design
parameters.