Post on 26-Feb-2023
Rey Ty
Gerard Hendrik (Geert)
Hofstede’s Cultural
Dimensions Rey Ty
http://my.fit.edu/~gabrenya/cultural/bigshots/hofstede.jpg
Rey Ty
Problem•With so many different cultures around the world, how can we effectively negotiate with people in business, economy, politics, and international law?
Rey Ty
Objective•To understand one way of viewing cultures across countries so that we can use these tools to negotiate effectively with people in business, economy, politics, & international law.
Rey Ty
Webster’s Definition
1. CULTURE: the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time.
2. a particular society that has its own beliefs, ways of life, art, etc.
3. a way of thinking, behaving, or working that exists in a place or organization (such as a business).http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/culture
Rey Ty
HuntingtonClash of Civilizations?
http://orcnselcuk.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/clash_civilizations1.gif
Rey Tyhttp://moldovanpress.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/3map.gif
Rey Ty
Hofstede’s Definition
1.Culture: “This programming influences patterns of thinking which are reflected in the meaning people attach to various aspects of life and which become crystallised in the institutions of a society.”
2.Differences between individuals. 3.The law of the big numbers and social control. 4.Statements about one culture on the level of “values” do not describe “reality”; generalisations and are relative.
5.“Without comparison, a country score is meaningless.” Source: http://
geert-hofstede.com/countries.html
Rey Ty
Culture Compass™
•Go online: “Select a country in the dropdown menu above to see the values for the 6 dimensions. After a first country has been selected, a second and even a third country can be chosen to be able to see a comparison of their scores.”
SOURCE: http://geert-hofstede.com/countries.html
Rey Ty
Dimensions of National Culture1.Power Distance (PDI)2.Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV)
3.Masculinity versus Femininity (MAS)
4.Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI)5.1991 Long-Term Orientation (LTO)
6.2010 Indulgence vs. Restraint (IND)
SOURCE: http://geert-hofstede.com/dimensions.html
Rey Ty
Hofstede’s Cultural DimensionsIndividualism CollectivismMasculinity Femininity
High Uncertainty Avoidance
Low Uncertainty Avoidance
Lo Power Distance Hi Power DistanceShort-Term Orientation
Long-Term Orientation
Indulgence Restraint
SOURCE http://hofstede-cultural-dimensions-theory.wikia.com/wiki/Hofstede_cultural_dimensions_theory_Wiki :
SOURCE: http://geert-hofstede.com/national-culture.html
Rey Ty
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/understandingculturehofstedemktg2000sp14otc-140415113716-phpapp02/95/understanding-global-culture-hofstedes-indeces-overview-8-638.jpg?cb=1397579898
Rey Ty
Cultural Dimensions
Low Power DistanceCollectivismFemininityLow Uncertainty AvoidanceLong-Term OrientationRestraint
High Power DistanceIndividualismMasculinityHigh Uncertainty AvoidanceShortTerm OrientationIndulgence
Rey Tyhttp://laofutze.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/iri.png?w=700
Rey Ty
http://www.niklasblanke.com/uploads/1/0/2/6/10267120/8698444_orig.jpg
Rey Ty
INDIVIDUALISM. http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.targetmap.com/ThumbnailsReports/9826_THUMB_IPAD.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.targetmap.com/viewer.aspx?reportId%3D9826&h=640&w=1024&tbnid=BT6pnT3xrcs9mM:&zoom=1&docid=BFJhINkJksIvuM&ei=TLeeVNKDBo-QuASkh4H4CQ&tbm=isch
Rey Tyhttp://lehrerfortbildung-bw.de/bs/bsa/bgym/kompcult/culpat/cultural-patterns_7.jpg
Rey Ty
http://www.niklasblanke.com/uploads/1/0/2/6/10267120/2703569_orig.jpg
Rey Ty
http://www.searchenginepeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/clip_image012_thumb.jpg
Rey Ty
Uncertainty Avoidance
• https://www.targetmap.com/ThumbnailsReports/30152_THUMB_IPAD.jpg
Rey Tyhttp://lehrerfortbildung-bw.de/bs/bsa/bgym/wf/globalstudies/kompcult/culpat/cultural-patterns_5.jpg
Rey Ty
POWER DISTANCE: http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.targetmap.com/ThumbnailsReports/6648_THUMB_IPAD.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.targetmap.com/viewer.aspx?reportId%3D6648&h=640&w=1024&tbnid=r8DFW0UTkK--JM:&zoom=1&docid=57eoOzB82wil-M&ei=TLeeVNKDBo-QuASkh4H4CQ&tbm=isch
Rey Tyhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N7aHBTj3L1E/T_GbJcKTBtI/AAAAAAAAARc/ma4x0qY1iMY/s1600/5%20key%20differences%20between%20short%20term%20and%20long%20term%20orientation%20societies.png
Rey Ty
http://www.niklasblanke.com/uploads/1/0/2/6/10267120/5669852_orig.jpg
Rey Ty
http://www.searchenginepeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/clip_image014_thumb.jpg
Rey Ty
http://gbr.pepperdine.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/lto.gif
Rey Ty
http://www.equipaje.fr/sites/default/files/images/orientation%20long%20terme.jpg
Rey Ty
Long-Term Orientation
•SOURCE: http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.targetmap.com/ThumbnailsReports/19697_THUMB_IPAD.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.targetmap.com/viewer.aspx?reportId%3D19697&h=640&w=1024&tbnid=JQs1jnQOUek0YM:&zoom=1&docid=eeFOfSc9A4gSKM&ei=TLeeVNKDBo-QuASkh4H4CQ&tbm=isch
Rey Ty
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/7-140813102147-phpapp01/95/72-cultural-modeling-15-638.jpg?cb=1408574792
Rey Tyhttp://image.slidesharecdn.com/culturaldimensionsitaly-elsalvador-140808183630-phpapp01/95/cultural-dimensions-italy-el-salvador-7-638.jpg?cb=1407541094
Rey Ty
SOURCE: http://www.communicaid.com/cross-cultural-training/blog/indulgence-vs-restraint-6th-dimension/#.VJ6nBCq89
Indulgence vs. Restrai
nt
Rey Tyhttp://sidlaurea.com/2014/01/31/culture-service-design/
Rey Tyhttp://hoangminhtho.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/new-picture-3.png
Rey Ty
http://compliance.saiglobal.com/community/images/Meacham%20Blog.png
Rey Ty
http://www.parinaz-e.com/images/infodesign/markets.png
Rey Ty
Organizational Culture1.Process-Oriented vs. Results-Oriented
2.Employee-Oriented vs. Job-Oriented3.Parochial vs. Professional4.Open System vs. Closed System5.Loose Control vs. Tight Control6.Pragmatic vs. Normative
Rey Ty
Individualism -
Collectivism
Masculinity -
Femininity
Uncertainty
Avoidance
Power Distance
Short- & Long-Term Orientatio
n
Indulgence -Restraint
Summary of National Culture
Rey Ty
Summary of Organizational Culture
Process & Result-Oriented
Employee & Job-
Oriented
Parochial &
Professional
Open & Closed System
Loose & Tight Control
Pragmatic &
Normative
Rey Ty
International Applications
Understanding
Expectations
Different Customs &
LawsCommunicati
on
Negotiation Trade Management Administration
Marketing Customer Service Politics etc.
Rey Ty
Critique
National CultureOrganization
al Culture
*Group culture?
*Missing Individual Culture?
Rey Ty
Critique SamplingLevel of AnalysisSynchronic onlyStatic, immutableMasculinity StereotypeGender?Binary caricature
Rey Ty
Critique1.Pioneering: Great contribution!2.Sampling: Limited to IBM; later improved; but still not representative sampling; elite; women?
3.Ecological Fallacy: Level of Analysis4.Later improvements: + 2 Dimensions5.But synchronic only; can be diachronic6.Static, immutable7.“Masculinity” & “Femininity” stereotypes8.What about gender?9. Binary carricatures only10. Is the economy not a good variable to include? (Inglehart included it).
Rey Ty
Fair Use In good faith, this work contains fair use of copyrighted and non-copyrighted images from the public domain & the web for non-commercial & nonprofit educational purposes.
This work is distributed free of charge. The author has neither monetized this work nor sought any profit from its distribution.
Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976: Allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
This work contains original work of commentary and critical analysis.
Quotations are attributed to the original authors and sources.