Post on 04-Feb-2023
(Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Botany,
Zoology, Biotechnology)
Faculty of Science
SWAMI VIVEKANAND SUBHARTI UNIVERSITY, MEERUT
(Approved by the Academic Council)
Ordinance No. (V-72A)
Master of Science-M.Sc. (All Disciplines)
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 1 of 114
Ordinance No.- V (72A)
Ordinance relating to Master of Science (M.Sc.) Programme
Chapter-1
General
1. This ordinance may be called ‗Ordinance Relating to Master of Science (M.Sc.) courses. 2. It shall come into force with immediate effect.
3. This ordinance shall apply to all programmes leading to M.Sc. courses.
Chapter-2
Eligibility for Admission
4. An applicant who has passed Graduation Examination from any recognized University/Institute
with relevant subject will be eligible for admission in the first year of the M.Sc. courses.
5. The admission shall be based on the merit of Entrance examination and marks of qualifying
examination (Graduation or equivalent). An applicant must hold the degree from a recognized
University with minimum 45 % marks (40% for SC/ST).
Chapter-3
Teaching course
6. The M.Sc. courses shall be of two years duration, divided into four semesters.
7. The M.Sc. course is available in following streams:
a. M.Sc. (Physics)
b. M.Sc. (Chemistry)
c. M.Sc. (Mathematics)
d. M.Sc. (Botany)
e. M.Sc. (Zoology)
f. M.Sc. (Biotech)
8. The study and evaluation schemes of the M.Sc. Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Botany,
Zoology and Biotechnology courses are enclosed as an Annexure-I, II, III, IV, V and VI
respectively.
9. The Academic calendar shall be as follows
Ist and III
rd,semester : 1
st August to 30
th November,
Exam. : 1st to 15
th Dec.
IInd
, and IVth
semesters : 1st January to 30
th April,
Exam. : 1st to 15
th May
Chapter-4
Attendance
10. The students are expected to attend all the classes and should not have less than 75% attendance
in theory as well as in practical classes where held, to become eligible to appear for the university
examination. Shortfall in attendance can, however be condoned in deserving cases to the extent of
10% by the Principal. If the short fall is more than 10% but not more than 15% the Principal may
recommend deserving cases to the vice chancellor for condonation the order of the Hon’ble Vice-
Chancellor in this regard shall be final.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 2 of 114
Chapter-5
Examination
11. The distribution of marks for sessional, End semester theory papers, practical and seminar,
projects, industrial training shall be as indicated in Study and Evaluation Scheme.
12. The examination in each semester shall be conducted in two parts:-
A:- Internal assessment (IA) carrying 30 % of total marks. Internal marks of theory subjects,
practicals and projects shall be awarded as per the breakup of sessional marks given below.
(a) Theory Subject
(i) Midterm written test including in-between snap tests if any 70 % of IA marks
(ii) Teachers Assessment based on attendance, assignments etc. 30 % of IA marks
(b) Practical
(i) Midterm Viva-voce test including in-between snap tests if any 70 % of IA marks.
(ii) Teachers Assessment based on attendance, lab records etc. 30 % of IA marks
(c) Make up test may be held for those students who fail to appear in any of the midterm tests
for genuine unavoidable reasons, provided prior permission was taken from the
Principal/Dean.
(d) A maximum of 10 marks shall be awarded [Clause 12 A{a(ii)} & 12 A{b(ii)}] for attending
classes (theory / practical) as per the following norms:
85% or more attendance - 10 Marks
80% or more but less than 85% attendance - 9 Marks
75% or more but less than 80% attendance - 8 Marks
70% or more but less than 75% attendance - 7 Marks
65% or more but less than 70% attendance - 5 Marks
60% or more but less than 65% attendance - 3 Marks
51% or more but less than 60% attendance - 2 Marks
50% attendance - 1 Mark
Less than 50% attendance - 0 Mark
B:- University Examination carrying 70% of total marks.
13. The entire course has to be completed within a maximum of four (04) yrs. from the date of
original admission in the course.
Chapter–6
Paper setting, Evaluation & Results
14. The work of setting the End semester examination papers, conduct of the End semester and
Annual examinations, Evaluation and declaration of results shall be as per the laid down
Examination policies / latest University Notifications.
Chapter – 7
Power to Modify
15. In the event of any emergent situation, if any deviation is considered necessary, the Vice
Chancellor is authorised to modify the Ordinance. Subject to subsequent ratification by the
Executive Council.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Syllabus
Programme: M.Sc. PHYSICS
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 4 of 114
M.Sc. PHYSICS (II Semester)
Course Name: QUANTUM MECHANICS- II, Course Code: M.Sc-Phy-201
Unit 1. Time dependent Perturbation Theory : First order perturbation, Interaction of an atom with
electromagnetic field, Transition probabilities, Fermi Golden rule, Dipole approximation.
Unit 2. Induced and Spontaneous radiations: Einstein A and B coefficients, Induced and spontaneous
emissions of radiations, their applications in the construction of gas and solid lasers.
Unit 3. Quantum Theory of Radiation: Classical radiation field, Fourier decomposition and radiation
oscillators, Creation, annihilation and number operators, Photon states, Quantized radiation field, Basic
matrix elements for emission and absorption, Spontaneous emission in the dipole approximation,
Plank‘s radiation law.
Unit 4. Relativistic Equations: Klein-Gordon equation and its plane wave solution, Proximity density in
KG theory, Difficulties in KG equation, Dirac equation for a free electron, Dirac matrices and spinors,
Plane wave solutions, Charge and current densities, Existence of spin and magnetic moment from Dirac
equation of electron in an electromagnetic field.
Unit 5. Dirac Equation: Dirac equation for central field with spin orbit interaction, Energy levels of
Hydrogen atom from the solution of Dirac equation, Covariant form of Dirac equation.
Text and Reference Books:
Quantum Mechanics by L.I. Schiff
Modern Quantum Mechanics by J.J. Sakurai
A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics by P.M. Mathews and K.Venkatesan
Quantum Mechanics by A. P. Messiah
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 5 of 114
M.Sc. PHYSICS (II Semester)
Course Name: STATISTICAL MECHANICS, Course Code: M.Sc-Phy-202
Unit 1. Foundation of Statistical Mechanics & Ensembles: Phase space, concept of Ensemble, Ensemble
average, Liouville‘s theorem, equation of motion and Liouville‘s theorem, Canonical Ensemble,
Microcanonical Ensemble, Grand Canonical Ensemble, partition functions.
Unit 2. Statistical Quantities: Calculation of statistical quantities, Energy and density fluctuations,
Entropy of an ideal gas using microcanonical Ensemble, Gibb‘s paradox, SackurTetrode equation.
Unit 3. Postulates of quantum statistical mechanics, Density matrix, Statistics of indistinguishable
particles, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi- Dirac and Bose- Einstein Statistics, properties of ideal Bose and
Fermi gases, Bose- Einstein condensation.
Unit 4. Cluster expansion for a classical gas, virial equation of state, ising model, mean-field theories of
the ising model in three, two and one dimentions, Exact solutions in one-dimention. Landau theory of
phase transition, critical indices, scale transformation and dimentional analysis.
Unit 5. Fluctuations: Correlation of space-time dependent fluctuations, fluctuations and transport
phenomena, Brownian motion, Langevin theory, fluctuation dissipation theorem, The Fokker-Plank
equation.
Text and Reference Books :
Statistical and Thermal Physics by F. Reif
Statistical Mechanics by K. Huang
Statistical Mechanics by R. K. Pathria
Statistical Mechanics by R. Kubo
Statistical Physics by Landau and Lifshitz
Statistical Mechanics and properties of matter, theory and application by E.S.R. Gopal
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 6 of 114
M.Sc. PHYSICS (II Semester)
Course Name: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS, Course Code: M.Sc-Phy-203
Unit 1 . Quantum Mechanical Treatment of one-electron Atom, Spin-Orbit interaction and fine structure
of hydrogen atom, Spectra of alkali elements. Singlet and triplet States of Helium,
Unit 2 . Many electron atoms: Central field approximation, Thomas-Fermi field, Atomic wave function,
Hartree and Hartree –Flock approximations, Spectroscopic Terms: L S and J J coupling schemes for
many electron atoms, wavefunctions and energies of multiplets., Electric dipole and Electric
Quadrupole. Molecular Physics:
Unit 3. Born - Oppenheimer approximation, Heitler-London theory of H2, LACO treatment of H2 + and
H2 .Classification of Molecules, Types of Molecular Spectra and Molecular Energy States: Pure
Rotational Spectra, Vibrational-Rotational Spectra, Raman Scattering, Selection rules , Nuclear spin and
intensity alternation , Isotope effect, Classification of electronic states , Coupling of rotational and
electronic motions, Electronic spectra: Franck-Condon principle.
Unit 4. Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance , Chemical Shift, and Electron Spin Resonance (Introduction and their principles only).
Spectroscopic Techniques:
Unit 5. General description and working of infra-red Spectrophotometer, Photoelectron Spectrometer,
Simple Raman Spectrometer, NMR Spectrometer and ESR Spectrometer.
Text and Reference Books:
Introduction to atomic spectra by H.E. White
Spectra of diatomic molecules by Herzberg
Atoms and molecules by M. Weissbluth
Quantum theory of Atomic Structure Vol I by Slater
Quantum theory of molecules and Solids by Slater
Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy by C.B.Banwell
Introduction to molecular spectroscopy by G.M.Barrow
Molecular spectroscopy by Jeanne L.McHale
Molecular spectroscopy by J.M.Brown
Spectra of atoms and molecules by P.F. Bemath
Modern spectroscopy by J.M. Holias
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 7 of 114
M.Sc. PHYSICS (II Semester)
Course Name: ELECTRODYNAMICS & PLASMA PHYSICS, Course Code: M.Sc-Phy-204
Unit 1. Electrostatics: Electrostatic field E due to a charge distribution, Values of div E curl E, scalar
potential Φ, Poisson‘s and Laplace‘s equations, Electrostatic potential energy and energy density,
Dielectrics, displacement vector D , electrostatic energy in dielectric media, formal solution of boundary
value problems with Green function; Methods of images, point charge near an infinite conducting plane,
Point charge in the presence of grounded conducting sphere, Point charge in presence of charged
insulated sphere, Conducting sphere in uniform electric field.
Unit 2. Magnetic statics: Magnetic induction B due to current distribution, Equation of continuity, div B
and curl B , Vector potential A, Macroscopic equations, Magnetization M and magnetic field H.
Unit 3. Time- Varying Fields: Faraday‘s law of induction, Energy in the magnetic field, Maxwell‘s
displacement current, Maxwell‘s equations, Maxwell‘s equations in terms of vector and scalar
potentials, Poyntings theorem, Relativistic properties of E and H and covariance of Maxwell‘s
equations, Lienard- Wiechert potentials due to a point charge, Electric and magnetic fields produced by
a charged particle in uniform and arbitrary motion, Power radiated by an accelerated charge, Larmor‘s
formula and its relativistic generalization and angular distribution of radiation from a charged particle
with colinear velocity and acceleration, Synchrotron radiation.
Unit 4. Plane Electromagnetic Wave: Plane electromagnetic waves in a nonconducting medium, Linear
and circular polarization, Reflection, Refraction of electromagnetic waves at a plain interface between
dielectrics, Fresnel relation polarization by reflection and total internal reflection, Waves in a
conducting medium.
Unit 5. Plasma: Definition of plasma ,Concept of temperature, Debye shielding, Criteria for plasma,
Single-particle motions in E and B fields, Magnetic mirrors and plasma confinement, Plasma as fluid,
the fluid equation of motion , The stress tensor, Equation of continuity and equation of state, Waves in
plasmas, Plasma oscillations, Plasma frequency ωp,Electron plasma waves, ion waves, Electron and ion
oscillations perpendicular to B, Electromagnetic waves perpendicular to B and parallel to B, Cut offs
and resonances. Kinetic theory and plasma, Boltzmann equation, Derivation of the equation of
continuity and fluid equation of motion by taking moments of Boltzmann equation.
Text and Reference Books:
Classical Electrodynamics by J.D. Jackson
Foundations of Electromagnetic theory by J.R. Reitz, F.J.Milford and R.W.Christy
Introduction to Electromagnetics by David J. Griffiths
Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol-1: Plasma Physics by Francis F. Chen
Plasma Physics by S.N. Sen.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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M.Sc PHYSICS (IV SEMESTER)
Course Name: PHYSICS OF NONOMATERIALS, Course Code: M.Sc-Phy- 401
Unit 1 . Introduction to Nanostructure Materials: Nanoscience & nanotechnology , Size dependence of
properties, Moor‘s law, Surface energy and Melting point (quasi melting ) of nanoparticles,
Unit 2. Band structure of solids: Free electron theory ( qualitative idea ) and its features, Idea of band
structure, insulators, semiconductors and conductors, Energy band gaps of semiconductors, Effective
masses and Fermi surfaces, Localized particles, Donors, Acceptors and Deep traps, Mobility, Excitons,
Density of states, Variation of density of states with energy and Size of crystal.
Unit 3. Quantum Size Effect: Quantum confinement, Nanomaterials structures, Two dimensional
quantum system, Quantum well, Quantum wire and Quantum dot, Fabrication techniques.
Unit 4. Characterization techniques of Nanomaterials: Determination of particle size, XRD (Scherrer‘s
formula), Increase in width of XRD peaks of nanoparticles, Shift in absorption spectra peak of
nanoparticles, Shift in photoluminescence peaks, Electron Microscopy: Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM), Scanning
Tunnelling Electron Microscopy (STEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
Unit 5. Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Key issue in the synthesis of Nanomaterials, Different approaches
of synthesis, Top down and Bottom up approaches, Cluster beam evaporation, Ball Milling, Chemical
bath deposition with capping agent, Carbon nanotubes (CNT)- Synthesis, Properties and Applications.
Text and References Books:
Nanostructures & Nanomaterials, Synthesis, Properties & Applications by Guozhong Cao, Imperial
College Press.
Introduction to Nanotechnology, by Charles P. Poole, Jr. Frank J. Owens, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Publication.
Quantum Wells, Wires and Dots by Paul Harrison, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Quantum Dot Heterostructures, by D. Bimberg, M. Grundman, N.N. Ledenstov.
Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology by Hornyak G.L., Tibbals H.F., Dutta J., Moore J.J.,
CRC Press.
Carbon Nanotechnology by Liming Dai Carbon
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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M. Sc. PHYSICS ( IV Semester )
Course Name: SPECIAL PAPER-III (ELECTRONICS), Course Code: M.Sc-Phy- 402
Unit 1. Digital communication: Pulse – Modulation systems, sampling theorem – Low – Pass and Band
– Pass signals, PAM, Channel BW for a PAM signal . Natural sampling. Flat – top sampling. Signal
recovery through Holding, Quantization of signals, Quantization error, Differential PCM, Delta
Modulation, Adaptive Delta Modulation, CVSD . Digital Modulation techniques : BPSK, DPSK,
QPSK, PSK, QASK, BFSK, FSK, MSK
Unit 2. Mathematical representation of Noise: Sources of noise. Frequency domain representation of
noise, effect of filtering on the probability density of Gaussian noise, spectral component of noise, effect
of a filter on the power spectral density of noise. Superposition of noises. Mixing involving noise.
Linear filtering. Noise Bandwidth, Quadrature components of noise, Power spectral density of nc(t),
ns(t) and their time derivatives.
Unit 3. Data Transmission: Baseband signal receiver, probability of error . Optimum filter . White noise.
Matched filter and probability of error. Coherent reception. Correlation, PSK, FSK, Non- coherent
detection of FSK. Differential PSK, QPSK, calculation of error probability for BPSK, BFSK, and
QPSK.
Unit 4. Noise in pulse – code and Delta – modulation system: PCM Transmission, Calculation of
Quantization noise, Output – signal power, Effect of thermal noise in D M, Output signal – to – noise
ratio in PCM, DM, Quantization noise in DM, Effect of thermal noise in Delta modulation , Output
signal to noise ratio in DM .
Unit 5. Computer Communication Systems: Types of networks, Design features of a communication
network, examples TYMNET, ARPANET, ISDN, LAN. Mobile Radio and Satellites: Time division
multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA,
Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) Poisson distribution, Protocols, Cellular communications,
Mobile communication via Satellites, Bandwidth consideration in INTERNET
Text and Reference Books:
Principles of Communication Systems, second Edition by Taub and Schilling Communication Systems,
third edition, by Simon Haykin
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 10 of 114
M.Sc. Physics (IV- Semester)
Course Name: SPECIAL PAPER –IV (ELECTRONICS), Course Code: M.Sc-Phy- 403
Unit 1. Materials for Integrated Circuits Classification of IC, CMOS Process Overview , Electronic
grade silicon , Crystal growth ,Czeehralski and float zone crystal growing methods, Silicon shaping
lapping , Polishing and wafer preparation,
Unit 2. Hot Processes-I: Oxidation and Diffusion Oxidation of silicon, oxide deposition by thermal dry
oxidation and wet oxidation method Diffusion Process, Diffusion Coefficient, Fick‘s 1st and 2nd Laws
of Diffusion, Vacancy –Impurity interactions, Dopants and Dopant Sources , Doping by Diffusion, ion
implantation, Diffusion Process Control, Diffusion Systems, Implantation Technology, Selective
Implantation, Junction depth, Channelling, Lattice Damage, Annealing ,Dopant Diffusion and Related
Operations: Equipment for Diffusion and Related Operations.
Unit 3. Thin Films: Metals and Nonmetals Vacuum Science and Technology, Evaporation theory and
electron beam evaporation, evaporation system, idea of DC and R.F. sputtering system, Physical vapor
deposition methods, Design construction of vacuum coating units, Chemicals Vapor Deposition,
Reactors for Chemical Vapor Deposition, CVD Applications, Epitaxy methods for thin film deposition,
Vapor-Phase Epitaxy,
Unit 4. Photolithography, Photoresist Processing and Etching Wafer Cleaning methods, Wafer
Preparation method: Vapor HMDS Treatment for adhesion improvement of photoresist, photoresist
coating methods, soft backing of photo resist, post exposure backing of photo resist, Negative
photoresist, Positive photoresist, Contrast and sensitivity of photoresist, Chemical Modulus Transfer
Function (CMTF ) of Photoresist, Resist Exposure ( single, bi-layer and multi level photoresist exposure
) and Resist Development, Hard Baking and Resist curing, Photolithographic Process Control.
Photolithography: An Overview, lithography, Raleigh criterion for resolution, Photolithography source,
Resolution and numerical aperture, Photolithographic methods: Contact, proximity and projection and
their resolution limit, Photo mask and mask Alignment, Limitations of optical lithography, Concept of
phase-shift mask, Idea of electron beam lithography, Electron optics, Idea of an X-ray lithography and
x-ray mask, Wet chemical dry etching for material removal, Reactive plasma etching, Ion milling, (17)
Unit 5. Interconnections and Contacts and Packaging and Yield Ohmic Contact Formation, Contact
Resistance, Electromigration, Diffused Interconnections, Polysilicon Interconnections, Buried Contacts,
Butted Contacts, Silicides, Multilayer Contacts, Liftoff Process, Multilevel Metallization. Testing, Die
Sepration, Die Attachment, Wire Bonding, Packages, Flip-Chip Process, Tape-Automated-Bonding
Process, Yield, Uniform and Nonuniform Defect Densities.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 11 of 114
Text and Reference Books:
Integrated Electronics- Milliman and Taub
Microelectronics –Milliman and Gros
Thin Film Phenomena- K.L. Chopra
Hand Book of Thin Film- Marshel and Glang
VLSI Technology- S.M. Sze.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 12 of 114
M.Sc. PHYS. (IV SEM.)
Course Name: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND PROGRAMMING,
Course Code: M.Sc-Phy- 404
Unit 1. Computational methods: Methods for determination of zeros of linear and nonlinear algebraic
equations and transcendental equations, Bisection method, Muller‘s method, Quotient-difference
method, Newton-Raphson method Solution of simultaneous linear equations, consistency of a system of
linear equation, Gaussian elimination, LU decomposition method, matrix inversion, Jacobi iterative
method, Gauss-Seidel method, convergence of Gauss-Seidel method
Unit 2. Diagonalization of matrices, Eigen values and eigenvectors of matrices, Power and Jacobi
method. Finite differences, Newton‘s formula for interpolation, Gauss, Stirling, Bessel‘s, Everett‘s
formulae, Divided differences, Newton‘s general interpolation formula, Lagrange‘s interpolation
formula.
Unit 3. Numerical differentiation, Numerical integration, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson 1/3 and 3/8 rules,
Boole‘s and waddles rules, Newton-Cote‘s formula, Euler- Maclaurin formula, Gauss quadrature
formula. Method of Least square curve fitting, straight line and quadratic equation fitting, curve fitting
of curves y =axb , y =aebx, xya = b and y = abx , curve fitting by sum of exponentials, data fitting with
cubic splines.
Unit 4. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, Euler, Picard and Runge Kutta methods,
Predictor and corrector method, elementary ideas of solutions of partial differential equations, solution
of Laplace equation
Unit 5. Programming: elementary information about digital computer principles, compilers, interpreters
and operating systems, Fortran programming, flow charts, integer and floating point, arithmetic
expressions, built in functions, executable and non executable statements, IF statements, GO TO
statements, DO loop and implied DO loop, simple computer programmes.
Text and References Books:
Introductory Methods of Numerical analysis by S.S. Shastri
Numerical Analysis by Rajaraman (19)
Numerical Methods by E. Balagurusamy
Fortran Programming by Rajaraman
Numerical methods for scientific & Eng. Computatioans by Jain, Iyenga
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Syllabus
Programme: M.Sc. Chemistry
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 14 of 114
M.Sc Chemistry- I Semester
Inorganic Chemistry
M.Sc. C-102 (A)/MSC-CHEM-101
Paper-I
Unit- I
Stereochemistry and Bonding in Main Group Compounds
VSEPR, Walsh diagrams( tri atomic molecules), dπ-Pπ bonds, Bent rule and energetic of hybridization,
some simple reaction of covalently bonded molecules.
Unit-II
Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Solution
Stepwise and overall formation constants and their interaction, trends in stepwise onstants, factors
affecting the stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of the metal ion and Ligand,
chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin, determination of binary formation constants by pH-metry
and spectrophotometry.
Unit-III
Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes
Energy profile of a reaction ,reactivity of metal complexes, inert and labile complexes, Kinetic
application of valence bond and crystal field theories, Kinetics of substitution reactions-acid hydrolysis,
factors affecting acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, conjugate base mechanism, direct and indirect
evidences in favour of conjugate mechanism. Anation rections, reaction without Metal-Ligand bond
cleavage. Substitution reactions in square planer complexes, the trans effect, mechanism of the
substitution reaction.
Unit-IV
Redox reactions(electron transfer reaction)- Mechanism of one electron transfer reactions [such as
Henry Taube‘s classical reaction of (NH3)Co3+
-Cr2+
, Inner sphere type reactions]. Outer sphere type
reaction (cross reaction) and Marcus-Hush theory (No mathematical treatment).
Unit- V
Metal Ligand Bonding
Adjusted CFT, Limitations of crystal field theory. Octahedral, tetrahedral and square planer complexes.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 15 of 114
M.Sc Chemistry- I Semester
Organic Chemistry
M.Sc. C-102 (B)/ MSC-CHEM-102
Paper-II
Unit- I
Nature of Bonding in Organic Molecules
Delocalized chemical bonding, conjugation, hyperconjugation, bonding in fullerenes, tautomerism.
Aromaticity in benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds, alternant and non alternant hydrocarbons,
Huckel‘s rule, energy level of n-molecular orbitals, annulenes, antiaromaticity, homo-aromaticity, PMO
approach. Bonds weaker than covalent-addition compounds.
Unit-II
Stereochemistry
Conformational analysis of cycloalkanes, decalins, effect of conformation on reactivity, conformation of
sugars, steric strain due to unavoidable crowding. Elements of symmetry, chirality, molecules with more
than one chiral centre, threo and erythro isomers, methods of resolution, optical purity. Enantiotopic and
distereotopic atoms, groups and faces. Stereospecific and stereoselective synthesis. Asymmetric
synthesis. Optical activity in absence of chiral corbon (biphenyls,allenes and spiranes), chirality due to
helical shape.
Unit-III
Reaction Mechanism : Structure and Reactivity
Types of mechanism, types of reactions, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements, kinetic and
thermodynamic control, Hammond‘s postulate, Curtin-Hammett principle. Potential energy diagrams,
transition states and intermediates, methods of determining mechanism, isotopes effects. Hard and soft
acids and bases .Generation, Structure, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals,
carbenes and nitrenes. Effect of structure on reactivity- resonance and field effect , steric-effect,
quantitative treatment.
Unit-IV
Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution
The SN2, SN1, mixed SN1 and SET mechanism. The neighbouring group mechanism, neighbouring
group participation by π and 𝜎 bonds, anchimeric assistance. Classical and non classical carbocations,
Phenonium ions, nonbornyl system, Common carbocations rearrangements.
The SNi mechanism, Nucleophilic substitution at an allylic, alipahatic trigonal and a vinylic carbon.
Reactivity effects of substrate structure, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and reaction medium.
Unit-V
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 16 of 114
Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution
Bimolecular mechanism- SE2 and SE
1.The SE
1 mechanism, electrophilic substitution accompanied by
double bond shifts. Effect of substrates, Leaving group and the solvent polarity on the reactivity.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 17 of 114
M.Sc Chemistry- I Semester
Physical Chemistry
M.Sc. C-102 (C)/ MSC-CHEM-103
Paper-III
Unit-I
Introduction to Exact Quantum Mechanical Results
The Schrodinger equation and postulates of quantum mechanics. Discussion of solution of the
Schrodinger equation to some model system viz., particle in a box, the harmonic oscillator, the rigid
rotor, the hydrogen atom.
Approximate methods The variation theorem, Linear variation principle. Perturbation theory (First
order and nondegenerate). Application of variation method and perturbation theory to the Helium atom.
Unit-II
Angular Momentum Ordinary angular momentum, generalized angular momentum, eigen functions
for angular momentum, eigen values of angular momentum, operator using ladder operators, addition of
angular momenta, spin, anti symmetry and Pauli‘s exclusion principle.
Electronic structure of atoms Electronic configuration, Russell- Saunders terms and coupling
schemes, Slater-Condon Parameters, Term separation energies of the pn configuration, term separation
energies for the dn configurations, magnetic effects spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting,
introduction to the methods of self- consistent field, the virial theorem.
Molecular Orbital Theory Huckle theory of conjugated systems, bond order and charge density
calculations. Applications to ethylene, budadiene, cycloproponyl radical, cyclobutadiene etc.
Introduction to extended Huckle theory.
Unit-III
Classical Thermodynamics Brief resume of concept of laws of thermodynamics, free energy, chemical
potential and entropies. Partial molar properties : partial molar free energy, partial molar volume and
partial molar heat content and their significances. Determination of these quantities. Concept of fugacity
and determination of fugacity.
Unit-IV
Statistical Thermodynamics Concept of distribution, thermodynamic probability and most probable
distribution. Ensemble averaging, postulates of ensemble averaging Canonical, grand canonical and
microcanonical ensembles, corresponding distribution laws (using LaGrange‘s method of undetermined
multipliers).
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 18 of 114
Partial functions- translational, rotational, vibrational and electronic partitional functions, calculation of
thermodynamic properties in terms of partition functions, Application of partition functions.
Heat capacity behaviour of solids- chemical equilibria and equilibrium constant in terms of partition
functions, Fermi-Dirac statistics, distribution law and applications to metal. Bose-Einstein statistics-
distribution law and application to helium.
Unit- V
Non Equilibrium Thermodynamics Thermodynamic criteria for non equilibrium states, entropy
production and entropy flow, entropy balance equations for different irreversible processes (e.g. heat
flow, chemical reaction etc.) transformation of the generalized fluxes and forces, non equilibrium
stationary states, phenomenological equations, microscopic reversibility.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 19 of 114
M.Sc Chemistry- I Semester
Biology for Chemists
M.Sc. C-102 (D)/ MSC-CHEM-104
Unit 1
Cell structure and Functions Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, intracellular organelles and
their functions, comparison to plant and animal cells. Overview of metabolic processes-catabolism and
anabolism. ATP- the biological energy currency.
Unit 2
Carbohydrates Conformation of monosaccharides, structure and functions of important derivatives of
monosaccharides like glycosides, deoxy sugars, myoinositol amino sugars, N-acetylmuramic acid, sialic
acid, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Structural polysacciandes-cellulose and chitin, storage
polysaccharides-starch and glycogen, Structure and biological functions of glycosaminoglycans or
mucopolysaccharides. Carbohydrates of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Role of sugars in biological
recognition, Ascorbic acid.
Carbohydrate metabolism-Krebs‘s cycle, glycolysis. Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.
Gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway.
Unit 3
Lipids Fatty acids, essential fatty acids, structure and functions of triacylglycerols,
glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids cholesterol, bile acids, prostaglandins, Lipoprotein‘s-composition
and function, role in atherosclerosis, Properties of lipid aggregates-micelles, bilayers, liposomas and
their possible biological functions. Biological membranes, Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure.
Lipid metabolism-𝛽-oxidation of fatty acids.
Unit 4
Amino –acids, peptides and proteins
Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins to peptides , secondary structure of proteins, forces
responsible for holding of secondary structures, α- helix, βsheets, super secondary structure, triple helix
structure of collagen. Tertiary structure of protein –folding and domain structure . Quintenary structure.
Amino acid metabolism-degradation and biosynthesis of amino acids. Sequence determination:
chemical/enzymatic/mass spectral, recrimination/detection.
Unit 5
Nucleic Acids
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Page 20 of 114
Purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids & and their base pairing via H-bonding. Structure of RNA
and DNA, double helix model of DNA and forces responsible for holding it. Chemical and enzymatic
hydrolysis of nucleic acids. The chemical bases of heredity, an overview of replication of DNA
transcription, translation, and genetic code. Chemical synthesis of mono and trinucleotide.
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M.Sc Chemistry- I Semester
Computer for Chemists
M.Sc. C-102 (E)/ MSC-CHEM-105
This is a theory –cum Laboratory course with more emphasis on laboratory work
Unit 1
Introduction to computer and computing: Basic structure and functioning of computers with a PC
as an illustrative example . Memory, I/O devices . Secondary storages . Computer languages. Operating
systems with DOS as an example . Introduction to UNIX and Windows. Data processing principles of
programming. Algorithms and flow- charts.
Unit 2
Computer Programming in FORTRAN/C/BASIC
The language feature are listed here with reference to FORTRAN, The instructor may choose another
language such as BASIC or C and feature may be replaced appropriately. Elements of the computer
language. Constants and variables Operations and symbols. Termination statements. Branching
statements such as IF or GO TO statement. LOGICAL variables, Double precision variables
subscripted variables and DIMENSIONS. DO statements FUNCTION and SUBROUINE. COMMON
and DATE statements. Decision control structure case4 control structure, functions, introduction to
arrays, programmes based on above.
Unit 3
Programming in chemistry
Development of small computer course involving simple formula in chemistry such as Vander Waal,s
equation, Ph titration, kinetics, radioactive decay, Evaluation of lattice energy and ionic radii from
experimental data. Linear simultaneous equation to solve secular equation with in the Huckel theory.
Elementary structural features such as bond lengths, bond angels, dihedral angels etc. of extracted from
a database such as Cambridge database.
Unit 4
Use of Computer Programmes
Execution of linear regression, X-V plot, Numerical integration and differentiation as well differential
equation solution programmes, monte-carlo and molecular dynamics.
Unit 5
Introduction to MS office (MS word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint) lab sessions based on MS office
package Introduction to Internet Explorer.
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M.Sc Chemistry- II Semester
Inorganic Chemistry
M.Sc. C-202 (A)/ MSC-CHEM-201
Paper-I
Unit-I
Electronic Spectra and Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes Spectroscopic ground
states, correlation, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (dl-d
9 states),
calculations of Dq, B and β parameters, charge transfer spectra, spectroscopic method of assignment of
absolute configuration In optically active metal chelates and their stereochemical information,
anomalous magnetic moments. magnetic exchange coupling and spin crossover.
Unit-II
Metal π Complexes
Metal carbonyls, structure and bonding. vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and
structural elucidation, important reactions of metal carbonyls; preparation, bonding.
Unit-III
Metal Nitrosyls and Phosphine Ligands
Structure and important reactions of transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes;
tertiary phosphine as Ligand
Unit- IV
Metal Clusters
Higher boranes, carboranes, metalloboranes and metallocarbene‘s. Metal carbony and halide clusters,
compounds with metal-metal multiple bonds.
Unit-V
Nuclear Chemistry
Radioactive decay & equilibrium. Nuclear Reactions, Q-value cross-sections, types reactions, Chemical
effects of nuclear transformations Fission & Fusion, Fission product & fission yields. Radioactive
techniques, tracer techniques.
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M.Sc Chemistry- II Semester
Organic Chemistry
M.Sc. C-202 (B)/ MSC-CHEM-202
Paper-II
UNIT- I
Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution
The arenium ion mechanism. orientation and reactivity, energy profile diagrams. The ortho/para ratio,
ipso attack, orientation in other ring systems. Quantitative treatment of reactivity in substrates and
electrophiles. Diazonium coupling, Vilsmeir reaction Gattermann-Koch reaction.
Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution
The SNAr. SN1. benzene and SRN 1 mechanisms. Reactivity - effect of substrate structure. leaving
group and attacking nucleophile. The von Richter. Somme let-Hauser and Smiles rearrangements.
UNIT-II
Free Radical Reactions
Types of free radical reactions, free radical substitution mechanism. mechanism at aromatic substrate,
neighbouring group assistance. Reactivity for aliphatic and aromatic substrates at a bridgehead.
Reactivity in the attacking radicals. The effect of solvent reactivity. Allylic halogenations (NBS),
oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids autooxidation, coupling of alkynes and arylation of aromatic
compounds by diazonium salts. Sandmeyer reaction, Hunsicker reaction.
Elimination Reactions
The E2. F.1 and El CB mechanisms and their spectrum. Orientation of the double bond Reactivity -
effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leaving group and the medium. Mechanism and
orientation in pyrolytic elimination.
UNIT-III
Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds
Mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles nucleophiles and
free radicals, Regio- and chemo selectivity, orientation and reactivity Addition to cyclopropane ring.
Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds, hydrogenation of aromatic rings. Hydroboration. Michael
reaction.
UNIT-IV
Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds
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Mechanism of metal hydride reduction of saturated and unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acids, esters
and nitriles. Addition of Grignard reagents, Wittig reaction Mechanism of condensation reactions
involving enolates–Aldol. Knoevenagel, Claisen, Mannich, Benzoin, Perkin reactions
UNIT-V
Pericyclic Reactions
Molecular orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethylene. 1,3- butadiene, 1,3,5- hexatriene and allyl
system. Classification of pericyclic reactions. Woodward—Hoffmann correlation diagrams. FMO and
PMO approach. Electrocyclic reactions- conrotatory and disrotatory motions, 4n, 4n+2 systems. Cyclo
additions antarafacially and suprafacial additions, 4n and 4n+2 systems, 2+2 addition of ketenes.
Sigmatropic rearrangements - suprafacial and antarafacial shifts of H.Sigmatropic shifts involving
carbon moieties, 3,3- and 5,5- Sigmatropic rearrangements. Claisen, Cope Rearrangement, Ene reaction.
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M.Sc Chemistry- II Semester
Physical Chemistry
M.Sc. C-202 (C)/ MSC-CHEM-203
Paper-III
Unit- I
Chemical Dynamics
Methods of determining rate laws, collision theory of reaction rates, activated complex theory,
Arrhenius equation and the activated complex theory: ionic reactions, kinetics salt effect, steady state
kinetic and thermodynamic control of reactions. Dynamic chain (hydrogen-bromine reaction. pyrolysis
of acetaldehyde, decomposition of ethane), photochemical (hydrogen-chlorine reactions) and treatment
oscillatory reactions (Belousova -Zabelinskaya reaction).
Dynamics of molecular motions, dynamics of unimolecular substrata reactions (Lindemann
Hinshelwood and Rice-Ramsperger - Kassel-Marcus [RRKM] Theories of unimolecular reactions).
Unit-II
Catalysis
Homogeneous catalysis, kinetics reaction of enzyme, general features of fast reactions, study of fast
reactions by flow method, relaxation method, flash photolysis and the nuclear magnetic resonance
method,
Unit-III
Surface Chemistry
Adsorption: Surface tension, capillary action, pressure difference across curved surface (Laplace
equation). vapour pressure of droplets (Kelvin equation), Gibbs adsorption isotherm, estimation of
surface area (BET equation).
Micelles: Surface active agents, classification of surface active agents, micellization, critical micellar
concentration (CMC), factors affecting the CMC of surfactants, thermodynamics of micellization.
Unit- IV
Macromolecules: Polymer - definition, types of polymers, kinetics of radical activity polymerization.
Mechanism of polymerization. Molecular mass, number and mass average molecular mass, molecular
mass determination Elementary treatment of Osmometry, Viscometry, Light scattering methods.
Unit-V
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Page 26 of 114
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry of solutions. Debye-Huckel - Onsager treatment and its extension, Debye-Huckel-
jerum mode, Lippmann equations (surface :bond Over Stern. excess). Guoyu -Chapman, Stern. Over
potentials, exchange current density, derivation of Butler -Volmer equation, Tafel plot. Quantization of
charge transfer, tunnelling. Semiconductor interfaces - theory of double layer at Semiconductor.
electrolyte solution interfaces, structure of double layer interfaces.
Electrocatalysis- influence of various parameters, Hydrogen electrode.
Bioelectrochemistry, Polarography theory, Lekovic equation, half wave potential and tones. its
significance.
Introduction to corrosion, forms of corrosion, corrosion monitoring and prevention methods.
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M.Sc Chemistry- II Semester
GROUP THEORY & SPECTROSCOPY
M.Sc. C-202 (D)/ MSC-CHEM-204
Paper-IV
Unit- I
Symmetry and Group Theory in Chemistry
Symmetry elements and symmetry operation, definitions of group, subgroup, relation between orders of
a finite group and its subgroup. Conjugacy relation and classes. Point symmetry group. Schon flies
symbols, representations of groups by matrices (representation for the Cn, Cnv, Cnh. Dnh etc. groups to
be worked out explicitly). Character of a representation. The Great orthogonality theorem (without
proof) and its importance. Character tables and their use; spectroscopy.
Unit-II
Unifying Principles
Electromagnetic radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter absorption. emission,
transmission, reflection, refraction, dispersion, polarisation and scattering. Uncertainty relation and
natural line width. and natural line broadening. transition probability, selection rules, Intensity of
spectral lines, Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
X-ray Diffraction
Bragg, condition, Miller indices, Laue method. Bragg method, Debye-Scherrer method of X-ray
structural analysis of crystals.
Unit-III
Vibrational Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy Review of linear harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of diatomic
molecules, zero point energy, force constant and bond strengths; anharmonicity, Morse potential energy
diagram, vibration-rotation spectroscopy, p,a.R branches. Breakdown of Oppenheimer approximation;
vibrations of poly atomic molecules. Selection rules, normal modes of vibration. group frequencies.
overtones, hot bands, factors affecting the band positions and intensities, far IR region, metal-ligand
vibrations, normal co-ordinate analysis.
Raman Spectroscopy Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect. Pure rotational, vibrational and
Vibrational-rotational Raman spectra, selection rules, mutual exclusion principle.
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Unit-IV
Electronic Spectroscopy
Atomic Spectroscopy Energies of atomic orbitals, vector representation of momenta and vector
coupling, spectra of hydrogen atom and alkali metal atoms.
Molecular Spectroscopy Energy levels, molecular orbitals. vibronic transitions. vibrational
progressions and geometry of the excited states, Franck-Condon principle, electronic spectra of
polyatomic molecules. Emission spectra; radiative and non-radiative decay, internal conversion, spectra
of transition metal complexes.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy Basic principles; photo-electric effect, ionization process. Koopman's
theorem. Photoelectron spectra of simple molecules, ESCA, chemical information from ESCA. Auger
electron spectroscopy - basic idea.
Unit-V
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Nuclear spin, nuclear resonance, saturation, shielding of
magnetic nuclei, chemical shift and its measurements, factors influencing chemical shift, deshielding,
spin-spin interactions, factors influencing coupling constant 'J'. Classification (ABX, AMX. ABC, A2B2
etc.), spin decoupling: basic ideas about instrument. NMR studies of nuclei other than proton - 13C.
Application of NMR.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Basic principles, zero field splitting and Kramer's degeneracy.
factors affecting the ‗g‘ value. Isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine coupling, constants.
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M.Sc. Chemistry-III Semester
Photochemistry
M.Sc. C-302 (A)/ MSC-CHEM-301
Paper-1
UNIT-I
Basic of Photochemistry
Absorption, excitation, photochemical laws, quantum yield, electronically excited states- life times-
measurements of the times. Flash photolysis, stopped Flow techniques, Energy dissipation by radiative
and non-radiative processes, absorption spectra, Franck-Condon principle, photochemical stages-
primary and secondary processes.
UNIT-II
Photochemical Reactions
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, types of excitations, fate of excited molecule,
quantum, yield, transfer of excitation energy, actinometry.
Properties of Excited States
Structure, dipole moment, acid-base strengths, reactivity. Photochemical kinetics-calculation of rates of
radiative processes. Bimolecular deactivation, quenching.
UNIT-III
Determination of Reaction Mechanism
Classification, rate constants and life times of reactive energy states determination of rate constants of
reactions. Effect of light intensity on the rate of photochemical reactions. Types of photochemical-
photo-dissociation, gas-phase photolysis.
UNIT-IV
Photochemistry of Alkenes
Intermolecular reactions of the olefinic bond-geometrical isomerism, cyclization reactions,
rearrangement of 1,4 and 1,5-dienes,
Photochemistry of Carbonyl compounds
Intramolecular reactions of carbonyl compounds-saturated, cyclic and acyclic, α and βunsaturated
unsaturated compounds, Cyclohexadiene‘s. Intermolecular Buchi Reaction
UNIT-V
Photochemistry of Aromatic Compounds
Isomerisation‘s, additions and substitutions.
Miscellaneous Photochemical Reactions
Photo-Fries reactions of anilides. Photo Fries rearrangement. Barton reaction. Singlet molecular oxygen
reactions. Photochemical formation of smog. Photo degradation of polymers, Photochemistry of vision.
M.Sc. Chemistry-III Semester
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Page 30 of 114
Spectroscopy
M.Sc. C- 302 (B)/ MSC-CHEM-302
Paper-II
UNIT-I
Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy
Various electronic transitions (185-800 nm), Beer-Lambert law, effect of solvent on electronic
transitions, ultraviolet bands for carbonyl compounds, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, dienes,
conjugated polyenes. Fieser-Woodward rules for conjugated dienes and carbonyl compounds ultraviolet
spectra of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds Steric effect in biphenyls, Application of UV-visible
spectroscopy.
UNIT-II
Infrared Spectroscopy
Characteristic vibrational frequencies of alkanes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers,
phenols and amines, Detailed study of Vibrational frequencies of carbonyl compounds (Ketones,
aldehydes, esters, amides, acids, anhydrides, lactones, lactams and conjugated carbonyl compounds),
Effect of hydrogen bonding and solvent effect on vibrational frequencies, Applications of IR
spectroscopy.
UNIT-III
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
General introduction and definition, chemical shift, spin-spin interaction, shielding mechanism,
mechanism, of measurement chemical shift values and correlation for protons bonded to carbon
(aliphatic, olefinic, aldehydic and aromatic) Intensity of NMR signals, chemical exchange, effect of
deuteration, virtual coupling, stereochemistry hindered rotation, nuclear magnetic double resonance,
contact shift reagents, solvent effects. Fourier transforms technique, Nuclear Over Hauser Effect (NOE)
Resonance of other nuclei-F, P. Application of NMR spectroscopy.
Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy
General Considerations, chemical shift, Introduction to 2 D NMR.
UNIT-IV
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
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Hyperfine coupling, spin-orbit coupling and significance of g-tensors, application to transition metal
complexes (having one unpaired electron) including biological systems and to inorganic free radicals
such as PH4, F2- and (BH3), Application of ESR spectroscopy.
UNIT-V
Mass Spectroscopy
Basic principles, theory, Instrumentation, mass spectrum, determination of molecular formula, Mc
Lafferty rearrangement, Metastable ions or peaks, nitrogen rule, General fragmentation modes of
important organic compounds.
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Page 32 of 114
M.Sc. Chemistry-III Semester
Analytical Chemistry
M.Sc. C- 302 (C) MSC-CHEM-303
Paper-IV
UNIT-I
Introduction
Classification of analytical methods-classical and instrumental, types of instrumental analysis, selecting
an analytical method.
Errors and Evaluation :
Definition of terms of mean and median, precision-standard deviation, relative standard deviation,
accuracy, absolute error. Types of error in experimental data-determination (systematic), intermediate
(random) and gross. Sources of errors and the effect upon the analytical results methods for reporting
analytical data. Statistical evaluation of data indeterminate errors. The use of statistics.
UNIT-II
Radiochemical methods :
Elementary working, Principles of Geiger Muller, Ionization, proportional and -ray counters. Neutron
radiation sources, radio tracer techniques. Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) : Principle, Techniques
and applications in preparation of some commonly used radioactive isotopes. Use of radioactive
isotopes in analytical and physiochemical problems, Isotopic Dilution Analysis (IDA), advantages and
limitations of IDA, comparison of IDA with NAA. Principle of Radiometric Titrations, Types,
Experimental techniques and its applications.
UNIT-III
Thermal methods of Analysis :
Introduction of different thermal methods, Thermogravimetry- TGA & DTA, static thermogravimetry,
quasithermogravimetry and dynamic thermogravimetry, Instrumental and balances, X-Y recorder,
thermogram, factors affecting thermograms. Application of thermogravimetry.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) : Introduction, instrumentation, DSC-curves, factors
affecting DSC curves and applications.
Thermometric Titrations : Introduction, Instrumentation, apparatus, theory and applications.
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UNIT-IV
Chromatographic Techniques :
Adsorption and Partition Chromatography, Paper Chromatography, Thin Layer chromatography lon
exchange and Gas chromatography, HPLC, Size Exclusion Chromatography, their principles,
techniques and important applications.
UNIT-V
Electroanalytical Techniques :
Voltammetry
General introduction, Principle, Instrumentation, types of Voltammetry Polarography (Principle &
Instrumentation), Cyclic Voltammetry, Pulse Methods. Stripping Technique : Anodic and Cathodic
Stripping Voltammetry and their applications in the trace determination of metal ions and biologically
important compounds.
B. Ion Selective Electrodes :
Electrical Properties of membrane, Glass electrode with special reference to H+, Na+, K+ ions,
operation of solid membrane electrode, operation of liquid membrane electrode, coated type ion
electrode. Applications of ion selective electrode in determination of some toxic metal and some anions
(F-, CI- Br, I- , and NO3-.
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M.Sc. Chemistry-III Semester
Bioinorganic Chemistry
M.Sc. C- 302 (D1)/ MSC-CHEM-304
Paper-III
Unit-I
Introduction
Chemistry of amino acids proteins and their derivatives; methods of isolation and identification;
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins; determination and biochemical
applications of the structures proteins; Nomenclature of nucleosides and nucleotides; Effects of acid and
alkali on hydrolysis of nucleic acids ; Structure of DNA and RNA ; prokaryotic versus eukaryotic
organisms.
Unit- II
Metal lons in Biological Systems
Essential and trace metals. Na+/K+ pump
Role of metals ions in biological processes.
Unit-III
Bioenergetics and ATP Cycle
Standard Gibbs energy change in biochemical reactions, exergonic and endergonic. Hydrolysis of ATP,
synthesis of ATP and ADP. DNA polymerization, glucose storage, metal complexes in transmission of
energy, chlorophylls, photo system I and photo system II in cleavage of water.
Unit-IV
Transport and Storage of Dioxygen
Heme proteins and oxygen uptake, structure and function of haemoglobin, myoglobin, hemocyanin‘s
and hemerythrin, model synthetic complexes of iron, cobalt and copper.
Unit-V
Electron Transfer in Biology Structure and function of metalloproteins in electron transport process
cytochromes and ion-sulphur proteins.
Nitrogenase
Biological nitrogen fixation, molybdenum nitrogenase.
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Page 35 of 114
M.Sc. Chemistry-III Semester
Bioorganic Chemistry
M.Sc. C- 302 (D2)/ MSC-CHEM-305
Paper IV
Unit-I
Introduction
Chemistry of amino acids proteins and their derivatives; methods of isolation and identification;
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins; determination and biochemical
applications of the structures proteins; Nomenclature of nucleosides and nucleotides; Effects of acid and
alkali on hydrolysis of nucleic acids ; Structure of DNA and RNA ; prokaryotic versus eukaryotic
organisms.
Unit-II
Enzymes
Introduction and historical perspective, Chemical and biological catalysis, remarkable properties of
enzymes like catalytic power, specificity and regulation. Nomenclature and classification, extraction and
purification. Fisher‘s lock and key and Koshland‘s induced fit hypothesis, concept and identification of
active site by the use of inhibitors, affinity labelling and enzyme modification by site-directed
mutagenesis. Enzyme kinetics, Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk Plots, reversible and
irreversible inhibition.
Unit-III
Mechanism of Enzyme Action
Transition-state theory, orientation and steric effect, acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis, strain or
distortion. Examples of some typical enzyme mechanisms for chymotrypsin, ribonuclease, lysozyme
and carboxypeptidase A.
Kinds of Reactions Catalysed by Enzymes
Nucleophilic displacement on a phosphorus atom, multiple displacement reactions and the coupling of
ATP cleavage to endergonic processes. Transfer of sulphate, addition and elimination reactions, enolic
intermediates, intermediates in isomerization reactions, cleavage and condensation, some isomerization
and rearrangement reactions. Enzyme catalyzed carboxylation and decarboxylation.
Unit-IV
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Page 36 of 114
Co-Enzyme Chemistry
Co-Factors as derived from vitamins, co-enzymes, prosthetic groups, apoenzymes. Structure and
biological functions of co-enzyme A, thiamine pyrophosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, NAD+, NADP+,
FMN, FAD, lipoic acid, vitamin B12 Mechanisms of reactions catalyzed by the above co-factors.
Enzyme Models
Host-guest chemistry, chiral recognition and catalysis, molecular recognition, molecular asymmetry and
prochirality. Biomimetic chemistry, crown ethers. Cryptates. Cyclodextrins, cyclodextrin-based enzyme
models, calixarenes, ionophores, micelles, synthetic enzyme of synzymes.
Unit-V
Biotechnological Applications of Enzymes
Large-scale production and purification of enzymes, techniques and methods of immobilization of
enzymes, effect of immobilization on enzyme activity, application of immobilized enzymes, use of
enzymes in food and drink industry-brewing and cheese-making, syrups from corn starch, enzymes as
targets for drug design. Clinical uses of enzymes, enzyme therapy. enzymes and recombinant DNA
technology. Application of enzymes in organic synthesis.
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Page 37 of 114
M.Sc. Chemistry-III Semester
Biophysical Chemistry
M.Sc. C- 302 (D3)/ MSC-CHEM-306
Unit-I
Introduction
Chemistry of amino acids proteins and their derivatives; methods of isolation and identification;
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins; determination and biochemical
applications of the structures of proteins; Nomenclature of nucleosides and nucleotides; Effects of acid
and alkali on hydrolysis of nucleic acids ; Structure of DNA and RNA ; prokaryotic versus eukaryotic
organisms.
Unit-II
Biological Cell and its’ Constituents
Biological cell, Structure and functions of proteins, enzymes, DNA and RNA in living systems. Helix
coil transition.
Bioenergetics
Standard Free energy change in biochemical reactions, exergonic, endergonic Hydrolysis of ATP,
synthesis of ATP from ADP.
Unit-III
Statistical Mechanism in Biopolymers
Chain configuration of macromolecules, statistical distribution end to end dimensions, calculation of
average dimensions for various chain structures. Polypeptide and protein structures, introduction to
protein folding problem.
Biopolymer interactions
Forces involved in biopolymer interactions. Electrostatic charges, and molecular expansion,
hydrophobic forces. Dispersion force interactions. Multiple equilibria and various types of binding
processes in biological systems. Hydrogen ion titration curves. DNA Protein Interaction.
Unit-IV
Thermodynamics of Biopolymer Solutions
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Page 38 of 114
Thermodynamics of biopolymer solutions, osmotic pressure, membrane equilibrium, muscular
contraction and energy generation in mechanochemical system.
Cell Membrane and Transport of Ions
Structure and functions of cell membrane, ion transport through cell membrane, irreversible
thermodynamic treatment of membrane transport, nerve conduction.
Unit-V
Biopolymers and their molecular Weights
Evaluation of size, shape molecular weight and extent of hydration of biopolymers by various
experimental techniques. Sedimentation equilibrium, hydrodynamic methods, diffusion. Sedimentation
velocity, viscosity, electrophoresis and rotational motions. Biological nitrogen fixation, molybdenum
nitrogenase, spectroscopic and other evidence, other nitrogenases model systems.
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Page 39 of 114
M.Sc. Chemistry-IV Semester
Environmental Chemistry
M.Sc. C- 402 (A)/ MSC-CHEM-401
Paper I
Unit I
Environment
Introduction. Composition of atmosphere, vertical temperature, heat budget of the earth atmospheric
system, vertical stability atmosphere. Biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, S and O. Biodistribution of
elements.
Unit II
Hydrosphere
Chemical composition of water bodies-lakes, streams, rivers and wet lands etc. Hydrological cycle.
Aquatic pollution - inorganic, organic, pesticide, agricultural, industrial and sewage, detergents, oil
spills and oil pollutants. Water quality parameters - dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand,
solids, metals, content of chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and micro-organisms. Water quality
standards. Analytical methods for measuring BOD, DO, COD, F, Oils, metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se
etc.), residual chloride and chlorine demand. Purification and treatment of water.
Unit III
Soils
Composition, micro and macro nutrients, Pollution - fertilizers, pesticides, plastics and metals.
Waste treatment.
Unit IV
Atmosphere
Chemical composition of atmosphere - particles, ions and radicals and their formation. Chemical
and photochemical reactions in atmosphere, smog formation, oxides of N, C, S, O and their effect,
pollution by chemicals, petroleum, minerals, chlorofluorohydrocarbons. Green house effect, acid
rain, air pollution controls and their chemistry. Analytical methods for measuring air pollutants.
Continuous monitoring instruments.
Unit V
Industrial Pollution
Cement, sugar, distillery, drug, paper and pulp, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, metallurgy.
Polymers, drugs etc. Radionuclide analysis. Disposal of wastes and their management.
Environmental Toxicology
Chemical solutions to environmental problems, biodegradability, principles of decomposition, better
industrial processes. Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, Sewal D and Minamata
disasters.
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Page 40 of 114
M.Sc. Chemistry-IV Semester
Organic Synthesis
M.Sc. C- 402 (B)/ MSC-CHEM-402
Paper II
Unit I
Organometallic Reagents:
Principle, preparations, properties and applications of the following in organic synthesis with
mechanistic details:
Group I & II metal organic compounds
Li, Mg, Hg, Zn and Ce Compounds
Transition metals
Cu, Pd, Ni, Fe, Co, Rh, Cr and Ti Compounds.
Unit II
Oxidation
Introduction. Different oxidative processes. Hydrocarbons- alkenes, aromatic rings, saturated C-H
groups (activated and unactivated). Alcohols, diols, aldehydes, ketones, ketals and carboxylic acids.
Amines, Hydrazines and sulphides. Oxidation with ruthenium tetraoxide, iodobenzene diacetate and
thallium (III) nitrate.
Unit III
Reduction
Introduction. Different reductive processes. Hydrocarbons- alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic
rings. Carbonyl Compounds- aldehydes, ketones, acids and their derivatives. Epoxides, nitro, nitroso,
azo and oxime groups.
Unit IV
Rearrangements
General mechanistic considerations- nature of migration, migratory aptitude, memory effects. A
detailed study of the following rearrangements:Pinacol-Pinnacolone, Wagner-Meerwin, Favorskii,
Arndt-Eistern synthesis, Neber, Beckmann, Hoffman, Curtius, Schmidt, BaeyerVilliger, Shaprio
reaction, Barton, Chichibaben, Hoffman-Lofler Freytag reaction, Wittig reaction.
Unit V
Metallocenes, Nonbenzenoid Aromatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
General considerations, synthesis and reactions of Ferrocene, Chrysene, Azulene.
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M.Sc IV Semester
Polymers
M.Sc. C-402 (C)/ MSC-CHEM-403
Unit – I
Basics
Importance of polymers .Basic concepts: Monomers, repeat unit, degree of polymerization. Linear,
branched and network polymers. Classification of polymers. Polymerization: condensation, addition,
radical chain, ionic, co-ordination and copolymerization. Polymerization conditions and polymer
reaction .Polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
Unit - II
Polymer characterization
Polydispersion-average molecular weight concept. Number, weight and viscosity average molecular
weight. Polydispersity and molecular weight distribution. The practical significance of molecular
weight. Measurement of molecular weight. End group, viscosity light scattering, osmotic and
ultracentrifugation methods. Analysis and testing of polymers and chemical analysis of polymers
spectroscopic methods, physical testing – tensile strength, fatigue, impact, Tear resistance, hardness and
abraision resistance.
Unit – III
Structure and properties
Morphology and order in crystalline polymers-configuration of polymer chains. Crystal structures of
polymers. Morphology of crystalline polymers, strain-induced morphology, crystallization and melting.
Polymer structure and physical properties-crystalline melting point. Tm-melting points of homogeneous
series, effect of chain flexibility and other steric factors, entropy and heat of fusion. The glass transition
temperature. Relationship between Tm & Tg, effects of molecular weight, diluents, chemical structure,
chain topology, branching and cross linking. Property requirements and polymer utilization.
Unit –IV
Polymer processing
Plastics, elastomers and fibers. Compounding, processing techniques: Calendering ,die casting,
rotational casting, film casting, injection moulding, blow moulding, extrusion moulding,
thermoforming, foaming, reinforcing and fiber spinning.
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Unit – V
Properties of commercial polymers
Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyesters, phenolic resins, epoxy resins and silicon
polymers. Functional polymers- fire retarding polymers and electrically conducting polymers.
Biomedical polymers- dental polymers and artificial skin.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 43 of 114
M.Sc. Chemistry-IV Semester
Chemistry of Natural Products
M.Sc. C- 402 (D)/ MSC-CHEM-404
Unit I
Terpenoids and Carotenoids
Classification, nomenclature, occurrence, isolation, general methods of structure, determination,
isoprene rule, Structure determination, stereochemistry biosynthesis and synthesis of the following
representative molecules : Citral, Geraniol,α termpeneol Menthol, Farnesol, Zingiberen.
Unit II
Alkaloids
Definition, nomenclature and physiological action, occurrence, isolation, general methods or structure
elucidation, degradation, classification based on nitrogen heterocyclic rings, role of alkaloids in plants,
Structure, stereochemistry, synthesis and biosynthesis of the following: Ephedrine, (+) Coniline,
Nicoline, Atropine, Quinine and Morphine.
Unit III
Steroids
Occurrence, nomenclature, basic skeleton, Diel‘s hydrocarbon and stereochemistry, Isolation, Structure
determination and synthesis of Cholestrol, Bile acids, Androsterone, Testosterone, Estrone, Progestrone,
Aldosterone, Biosynthesis of steroids.
Unit IV
Plant Pigments
Occurrence, nomenclature and general methods of structure determination, Isolation and synthesis of
Apigenin, Luteolin, Quercetin, mytcelin, Quercetin-3-glucoside, Vitexin, Diadzein, Butein, Aureusin,
Cyanidin -7- arabinoside, Cyanidin, Hirsutidin. Biosynthesis of flavonoids: Acetate pathway and
Shikimic acid pathway.
Unit V
Prophyrins
Structure and synthesis of Haemoglobin and Chlorophyll.
Prostaglandins
Occurrence, biogenesis and physiological effects Synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2a.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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M.Sc. Chemistry-IV Semester
Medicinal Chemistry
M.Sc. C- 402 (E)/ MSC-CHEM-405
Paper III
Unit I
Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
Introduction to important functional groups in medicinal chemistry, a century of drug research.
Drug design
Strategies for drug research including various targets, lead generation/ sources for drugs, receptor and
drug receptor interactions; enzymes and design of inhibitors; concept of Prodrugs, hard and soft
drugs.
Unit II
Combinatorial Chemistry
Introduction; solid support and linkers; combinatorial synthesis of compounds on solid phase, split and
mix method, premix method, spatially addressable parallel chemical synthesis, multiple synthesis;
Identification of active compounds from combinatorial libraries; Analytical methods for characterization
of combinatorial libraries; Application of combinatorial libraries using solid phase chemistry.
Computational approaches
Structure activity relationship, concept of QSAR, physicochemical parameterslipopilicity, partition
coefficient, electronic-ionization constants, H-bonding, steric parameters, Hammett equation. Isosterism,
bioisosterism.
Unit III
Biodisposition and implications
Pharmacokinetics; concepts including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug,
pharmacokinetic parameters; drug metabolism including phase I and phase II biotransformatins;
mention of the uses of pharmacokinetics in drug development process. Molecular toxicology, avoidance
of toxic intermediates,
Unit IV
Neuroactive agents
The chemotherapy of the mind: Introduction, neurotransmitters, CNS depressant, General anaesthetics,
mode of action of hypnotics, sedatives, antianxiety agents, bezodiazepines, buspirone, neurochemistry
of mental diseases. Antipsychotic drugsthe neuroleptics, antidepressants, butyrophenone, serendipity
and drug development, stereochemical aspects of neuroactive drugs. Synthesis of Diazepam,
Oxazepam, Chlorazepam, barbiturates.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 45 of 114
Cardiovascular agents
Introduction , cardiovascular diseases, drug inhibitors of theperipheral sympathetic function, central
intervention of the cardiovascular output, direct acting arteriolar dilators, synthesis of amyl nitrate,
sorbitrate, diltiazam, quinidine, verapamil, methyldopa, atenolol, oxeprenolol.
Unit V
Antineoplastic agents
Introduction, cancer chemotherapy, role of alkylating agents and antimetabolites in the treatement of
cancer. Mention of carcinolytic antibiotics and mitotic inhibitors; synthesis of mechlorethamine,
cyclophosphamide, melphalan, uracil, mustards, 6- mercaptopurine. Recent development in cancer
chemotherapy, the hormones and natural products.
Local anti-infective drugs
Introduction and general mode of action, synthesis of sulphonamide, furazolidone, naxilidic acid,
eiprofloxacin, dapsone, aminosalicylic acid, isoniazid, ethionamide, ethambutol, fluconazole,
econozole, gresiofulvin, chloroquin, primaquin.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Syllabus
Programme: M.Sc. Mathematics
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 47 of 114
SEMESTER II
Paper Name: METRIC SPACES
Paper Code: MSc-Math-201
Unit I
Metric on a set, pseudo-metrics and metrics Distance between two sets. Equivalent metrics. Limit points
and closure: closed sets, Derived set of a set. Adherent points and closure of a set, Dense subsets,
Interior of a set and its properties, Subspaces, Product spaces, Structure of Open balls in a product
space. Closures and interiors in a product space, Finite product of metric spaces.
Unit II
Convergent séquences. Cauchy séquences. Characterization of adherent points and limit points in terms
of convergent sequences. Convergence in products. Convergence in Euclidean spaces. Cluster points of
a sequence. Subsequence‘s. Cluster points and convergent subsequence‘s. Algebra of convergent real
sequences. Spaces of sequences.
Unit III
Continuity at a point. Continuity over a space. Continuity of composite, graph and projection maps.
Algebra of real valued continuous functions in a metric space. Homeomorphisms. Isometries. Relation
between isometries and Homeomorphism. Uniform continuity.
Unit IV
Complete metric spaces. Completeness and Continuous mappings. Completeness and subspaces.
Cantor‘s Intersection Theorem. Contraction Mapping Principle. Connectedness: Connected metric
spaces. Connected sets. Characterization of connected subsets of the real line. Properties of
Connectedness
Unit V
Compact spaces and Compact subsets. Compact subsets of the real line. Sequential compactness and its
characterization. Countable compactness, Bolzano-Weierstrass property. Sequential characterization of
BWP. Equivalence of BWP and sequential compactness. Covering characterization of the BWP.
Bolzano-Weierstrass Property and Total boundedness. Bolzano-Weierstrass Property and compactness.
Lebesgue covering lemma. Compactness and completeness, Compactness and uniform continuity.
Boundedness of continuous real-valued functions on compact metric spaces.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 48 of 114
Paper Name: COMPLEX ANALYSIS
Paper Code: MSc-Math-202
Unit I
Complex integration. Cauchy-Goursat Theorem. Cauchy‘s integral formula. Higher order derivatives.
Morera‘s Theorem. Cauchy‘s inequality and Liouville‘s theorem The fundamental theorem of algebra.
Taylor‘s theorem. Maximum modulus principle. Schwarz lemma.
Unit II
Bilinear transformations, their properties and classifications. Definitions and examples of conformal
mappings Meromorphic functions. The argument principle. Rouche‘s theorem. Inverse function
theorem.(Statement only).
Unit III
Laurent‘s series. Isolated singularities. Residues. Cauchy‘s residue theorem. Evaluation of integrals.
Branches of many valued functions with special reference to ARG z, log z and za .
Unit IV
Weierstrass‘ factorization theorem. Gamma function and its properties. Riemann zeta function.
Riemann‘s functional equation. Runge‘s theorem. Mittag-Leffler‘s theorem. Analytic continuation.
Uniqueness of direct analytic continuation. Uniqueness of analytic continuation along a curve. Power
series method of analytic continuation.
Unit V
Canonical products. Jensen‘s formula. Poisson-Jensen formula. Hadamard‘s three circles theorem. Order
of an entire function. Exponent of Convergence. Borel‘s theorem. Hadamard‘s factorization theorem.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 49 of 114
Paper Name: MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS
Paper Code: MSc-Math-203
Unit I
Probability: Set theoretic approach, Baye‘s theorem, Geometric probability, Random experiments,
Sample spaces, Random variables, Distribution functions, Joint probability distribution function,
Conditional distribution function, Transformation of one and two dimensional Random variables,
Mathematical expectation : Covariance, Variance of variables, Chebysheff‘s inequality.
Unit II
Moment generating function, Cumulant generating function and cumulants, Applications and why they
are used, Discrete distributions: Geometric, Binomial, Poisson and uniform distributions, Continuous
distributions: Normal, Exponential, Gamma, Chi-square ,t , F, Beta , and uniform on an interval.
Unit III
Central limit theorem and applications (1) for a sequence of independent, identically distributed random
variables (2) to establish normal approximations to other distributions, and to calculate probabilities,
Statistical inference and sampling distribution.
Unit IV
Correlation and regression: Partial and multiple correlations, Correlation coefficients, rank correlation,
Regression lines and its properties.
Unit V
Test of significance: (1) Null and alternative hypotheses, Simple and composite hypotheses, Errors, Test
statistic. (2) Large sample tests for proportion and mean, Small sample test based on t, F and Chi-square
statistics.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 50 of 114
Paper Name: OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Paper Code: MSc-Math-204
Unit I
Operations research and its scope, Necessity of operations research in industry. Linear programming
problems. Convex sets, Simplex method, Theory of simplex method. Duality theory and sensitivity
analysis. Dual simplex method.
Unit II
Transportation and Assignment problems of linear programming. Sequencing theory and Travelling
salesperson‘s problem.
Unit III
Replacement: Replacement of items that deteriorate. Problems of choosing between two machines,
Replacement of items that fail completely, Problems in mortality and staffing. Inventory problems,
Simple deterministic and stochastic models of inventory control.
Unit IV
Network analysis: Shortest-path problem, Minimum spanning tree problem, Maximum flow problem,
Minimum cost flow problem, Network simplex method. Project planning and control with PERT/CPM.
Unit V
Queuing theory: Steady state solution of Markovian queuing models: M/M/1, M/M/1 with limited
waiting space. Game theory: Two person zero-sum games, Games with mixed strategies, Graphical
solutions, Solutions by linear programming.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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SEMESTER IV
Paper Name: FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Paper Code: MSc-Math-401
Unit I
Normed linear spaces, Banach spaces, Examples and counter examples, Quotient space of normed linear
spaces and its completeness. Equivalent norms,
Unit II
Reisz Lemma, Basic properties of finite dimensional normed linear spaces, Bounded linear
transformations and normed linear spaces of bounded linear transformations, Uniform boundedness
theorem and some of its applications.
Unit III
Dual spaces, weak convergence, open mapping and closed graph theorems, Hahn Banch theorem for
real and complex linear spaces.
Unit IV
Inner product spaces, Hilbert spaces – Orthonormal sects, Bessel‘s inequality, complete orthonormal
sets and Perseval‘s identity.
Unit V
Structure of Hilbert spaces, Projection theorem, Riesz representation theorem, Adjoint of an operator on
Hilbert space, Self-adjoint operators, Normal and Unitary operators. Projections
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 52 of 114
Paper Name: NUMBER THEORY
Paper Code: MSc-Math-402
Unit I
The Division Algorithm, the gcd, The Euclidean Algorithm, Diophantine equation ax + by = c. The
fundamental theorem of arithmetic. The Sieve of Eratosthenes. The Goldbach conjecture.
Unit II
Theory of Congruences – Basic properties of Consequence, Linear Congruences, Chinese remainder
theorem, Fermat‘s Theorem, Wilson‘s Theorem. Statement of Prime number theorem. Some primality
testing.
Unit III
Number-Theoretic Functions – The functions T and Sigma. The mobius inversion formula, The Greatest
integer function, Euler‘s Phi function – Euler Theorem, Properties of the Phi-function, Applications to
Cryptography.
Unit IV
The order of an integer modulo n, Primitive roots for primes, The theory of indices, Euler‘s criterion,
Legendre‘s symbol and its properties, Quadratic reciprocity, Quadratic congruences with composite
moduli.
Unit V
Perfect Numbers, Representation of integers as sum of two squares and sum of more than two squares.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 53 of 114
Paper Name: FUZZY SETS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Paper Code: MSc-Math-403
Unit I
Basic definitions, á -level sets, comparison with classical (crisp) sets, Types of fuzzy sets, extension
principle.
Unit II
Fuzzy complement, t-norms, t-conorms, combination of operations, aggregation operations. Fuzzy
numbers, linguistic variables, arithmetic operations on intervals, arithmetic operations on fuzzy
numbers, lattice of fuzzy numbers, fuzzy equations.
Unit III
Crisp versus fuzzy relation, projections and cylindric extensions, binary fuzzy relations, binary relations
on a single set, fuzzy equivalence relations, fuzzy compatibility and fuzzy ordering relations.
Fuzzy measures, evidence theory, possibility theory, fuzzy sets and possibility theory.
Unit IV
An overview of classical logic, multivalued logic, fuzzy propositions, fuzzy quantifiers, linguistic
hedges, Inference from conditional fuzzy propositions, Inference from conditional and qualified
propositions.
Information and uncertainty, non-specificity of crisp and fuzzy sets, fuzziness of fuzzy sets.
Unit V
Individual, multiperson, multicriteria decision making, fuzzy ranking method, fuzzy linear
programming. Methods of defuzzification.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 54 of 114
Paper Name: MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING
Paper Code: MSc-Math-405
Unit I
Convex sets, convex functions, pseudo-convex functions, quasi-convex, explicit quasi-convex, quasi-
monotonic functions and their properties from the point of view of mathematical programming. Kuhn-
Tucker conditions of optimality.
Unit II
Theory of revised simplex algorithm. Duality theory of linear programming. Sensitivity analysis.
Unit III
Parametric linear programming. Integer programming and linear goal programming.
Unit IV
Quadratic programming: (i) Wolfe‘s algorithm (ii) Beale‘s algorithm (iii) Theil and Vande-Panne
algorithm.
Unit V
Duality theory of quadratic and convex programming, separable programming, sequential unconstrained
minimization.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Syllabus
Programme: M.Sc. Botany
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 56 of 114
II Semester
Paper: 1. DIVERSITY OF ALGAE, LICHENS AND BRYOPHYTES
Paper code: M.Sc. Bot 101
Unit – I 10h
Algae: salient features (pigments, food reserves, flagellation, thallus organisation, reproduction and life
cycle) and classification of different class. Lichens: Introduction, classification and Structures.
Economic importance of algae and lichens.
Unit – II 10h
Comparative study of classes of Chlorophyceae, Xanthophyceae and Bacillariophyceae, with reference
to: Range of structure of plant body including ultrastructure, Methods of reproduction and Variation in
life cycles.
Unit – III 10h
Comparative study of Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae with reference to: Range of structure of plant
body. Range of mode of reproduction. Variation in life cycles.
Unit – IV 10h
Bryophytes: salient features, distribution in India and Classification. Range of thallus structure (plant
body) and anatomy in Bryophytes (with suitable examples) a general account of Marchantiales,
Jungermanniales, Anthocerotales, Sphagnales, Funariales and Polytrichales.
Unit – V 10h
Evolutionary tendencies in sporophytes of Bryophytes (Progressive sterilization of sporogenous
tissue): Reproduction, life history, Inter-relationship, affinities of various groups of Bryophytes.
Ecology and economic importance of Bryophytes.
Practicals:
1. Laboratory equipments and techniques
2. Preparation of permanent slides of algae.
3. Preparation of culture media to isolate algae.
4. Isolation and culture of algae.
5. Study of vegetative and reproductive parts of Riccia, Marchantia, Funaria and Anthoceros.
6. Study of vegetative and reproductive parts of Sphagnum, Polytrichum, Pellia, Porella
7. Industrial visit
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 57 of 114
Paper: 2. DIVERSITY OF MICROBES AND PLANT PATHOLOGY
Paper code: M.Sc. Bot 102
Unit-I 10h
Bacteria: History and Classification, archaeobacteria and eubacteria: Characters, Ultrastructure,
nutrition, reproduction, Cyanobacteria: salient features and biological importance in agriculture.
Bacterial disease in crops, vegetables and fruits. Economic importance.
Unit – II 10h
Virus: History and classification, nature, characteristics and ultrastructure of virus, replication and
transmission. Viral disease in crops, vegetables and fruits. Phytoplasma, spiroplasma, viroids and
prions: General characteristics, structure, reproduction and role in causing plant diseases.
Unit – III 10h
Fungi: History and classification Range of Thallus organization, reproduction, Differentiation in fungi:
control of i) dimorphism. ii) conidiation. iii) mating (with the help of Sex hormones). Heterothallism,
Heterokaryosis, parasexuality and physiological specialization in Fungi. Economic importance.
Sterilization techniques, culture media, isolation, identification, preservation and enrichment
techniques.
Unit – IV 10h
Special reference to following divisions: Structure and reproduction of Mastgomycotina,
Zygomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina; fungal disease in crops, vegetables and fruits.
Unit – V 10h
Plant pathology: History, Parasitism and disease development, Genetics of plant diseases, weapons of
plant pathogens, Défense mechanism of plants, epidemiology. Host parasite interaction. Management
of phytopathogens: plant quarantine, seed certification. Integrated disease management: cultural,
chemical and biological control measures.
Practicals:
1. Preparation of culture media, isolation, identification and culture of fungi and bacteria.
2. To study about Plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and virus of various crops mention in the syllabus.
3. Preparation of permanent slides of various plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
4. To study about enzymatic activities of fungi.
5. Identification and characterization of Plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 58 of 114
6. Counting of fungal and bacterial population by the use of counting chamber and
spectrophotometer.
7. Preparation of modal of TMV and Bacteriophage.
8. Gram staining.
9. To isolate plasmid DNA from bacteria.
10. Serological techniques.
11. Industrial visit.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 59 of 114
Paper: 3. CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Paper code: M.Sc Bot 103
Unit-I 10h
Dynamic cell: structural organization of plant cell, cell membrane, nucleus, chromosomes; cell division:
cell cycle, differences between mitosis and meiosis.
Unit-II 10h
Cell organelles: ribosomes, dictyosomes, lysosomes, er, golgi bodies, mitochondria, chloroplast,
microbodies and plasmodesmata.
Unit-III 10h
Genetic material: DNA and RNA as genetic material (experimental evidences), structure of DNA and
RNA, DNA replication, DNA damage and repair, genetic code.
Unit-IV 10h
Protein synthesis: basics, mechanism of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, transcription,
RNA processing, reverse transcription, translation and regulation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes
(structural, regulatory genes and operon model).
Unit-V 10h
Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level: Regulation of gene expression in
phages, viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, role of chromatin in regulating gene expression and gene
silencing.
Practicals:
1. Study of Generalized plant cell.
2. Study of cell organelles
3. To study the stages of cell division.
4. Extraction of nucleic acid from molds and plant leaves.
5. Quantitative determination of nucleic acid by spectrophotometric method.
6. To perform RAPD amplification of specific target sequence from genomic DNA.
7. Study of PCR techniques.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 60 of 114
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. The world of cell: W.M.Backer Pearson education
2. Molecular cell Biology Lodish Baltimore, W.H. freeman & Co.
3. Essential of Cytology: C.B. Powar Himalaya Publications
4. Cytology:V.B. rastogi, Kedarnath and Ramnath, Meerut.
5. Cell Biology, genetics, Molecular Biology, Ecology and Evolution:verma and Aggarwal, S. Chand
& Co.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 61 of 114
Paper 4: BIODIVERSITY OF PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS AND
PALAEOBOTANY
Paper code: M.Sc. Bot 104
Unit – I 10h
Pteridophytes: Classification, characters of important classes. Comparative organography, systematics,
reproduction and Phylogeny of the following: Rhynia, Psilotum Isoetes, Calamites, Ophioglossum,
Botrychium.
Unit – II 10h
Structure and reproduction : Angiopteris, Osmunda, Dryopteris, Pteridium, Marsilea, Salvinia, Azolla
and Indian Fossils. Telome concept. Stelar system, Heterospory and seed habit, Apogamy, apospory,
parthenogenesis. Soral evolution. Alternation of generations.
Unit – III 10h
Gymnosperms: Classification and distribution . morphology, structure and life history:
Lyginopteridaceae (Lyginopteris), Medullosaceae (Medullosa), Glossopteridaceae and Caytoniaceae.
Cycadales: Cycads.
Unit – IV 10h
morphology, structure and life history: Ginkgoales: Ginkgo. Coniferales: Abies, Cedrus, Cryptomeria,
Cupressus. Podocarpus, Cephalotaxus and Araucaria. Ephedrales, Welwitschiales and Gnetales:
Taxales: A general account. Economic importance of Gymnosperms.
Unit – V 10h
Paleobotany: geological time scale. Types of fossils, process of fossilization and fossil preservation
methods. Techniques of study of fossils. Distribution of fossils in India
Practicals:
1. Study of the stele in Pteridophytes.
2. Study of vegetative and reproductive parts of Selaginella, Equisetum and Azolla.
3. Study of vegetative and reproductive parts of Cedrus, Cupressus, Podocarpus, Araucaria
4. Study of Cycas coralloid root, leaflet, male and female cone.
5. Study of Pinus needle, male and female cone.
6. Study of Ginkgo and Gnetum.
7. Fossil study of gymnospermic plants.
a. Educational visit of Botanical Gardens and Palaeobotany institutes and survey and collection of
Bryophytes and Pteridophytes through educational visit.
II Semester
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Paper 5: TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS AND ECONOMIC BOTANY
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 201
UNIT I 11h
Plant systematics: The Components of systematic, Major objectives of systematics; Botanical
Nomenclature: ICBN, Phylogenetics: The nature of phylogeny. Importance and characters of
homology. The role of field studies; the role of the herbarium in Botanical gardens, herbarium of
botanical technique, chemotaxonomy, molecular taxonomy, numerical taxonomy and serotaxonomy .
UNIT II 10h
Classification: Natural, Artificial and Phylogenetic systems of classification: Hutchinson, Cronquist,
Takhtajan and Dahlgren. Basic knowledge of phylocode and A P G system.
UNIT III 10h
Dicotyledon: Rannanculaceae, nymphyaceae, nelumbonaceae, papaversceae, Brassiaceae,
caryophyllaceae, Malvaceae, teliaceae, Rootaceae, Meleiaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceace, myrtaceae,
cucurbitaceae and apiaceae
Unit IV 9h
Monocotyledons: Zingiberaceae, Araceae, Amaryllidaceae, Palmaceae and orchidaceae
Unit V 10h
Botanical names, families, characteristics, cultivation and utilization of the important plants belonging
to the following categories: Fiber plants, Spices and condiments, Beverages, Medicinal plants; Non-
wood plant products (NWPs): rubber, dyes, resin, gums.
Practical:
1. Study of locally available plant families of dicots and monocots mention in the syllabus.
2. Preparation of herbarium of locally available wild plants.
3. Educational visit to NBRI, BSI, FRI and Botanical Gardens.
4. To study about the plants of economic importance (mention in the syllabus).
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Paper6: ANATOMY AND REPRODUCTION IN ANGIOSPERMS
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 202
Unit-I 10h
Plant Anatomy:
Shoot development: shoot apical meristem (SAM), Cytological and molecular analysis, Leaf
(Marginal meristem). Root development: root apical meristem (RAM), Cell fates and lineage
differentiation of vascular tissue, regulation of root growth.
Unit – II 10h
Epidermal structures, ontogeny and classification of stomata, trichomes and secretory glands.
Phloem: Structure and development. Xylem: Structure and development. Vascular cambium.
Nodal Anatomy: evolution of nodal vasculature. floral development.
Unit – III 10h
Embryology:
Morphology and structure of flower, Megasporogensis. Structure and development; Female
gametophyte; ultra structure of ovule and embryo sac. Microsporogenesis; pollen development,
pollen germination, development of male gametophyte, palynology and its applications.
Unit – IV 10h
Pollen-Pistil interactions, Pollination mechanism and vectors, double fertilization. Sexual
Incompatibility: its genetic basis, molecular aspects, physiology and biochemistry. Barriers to
fertilization, Polyembryony and Endosperm structure and types.
Unit – V 10h
Embryogenesis; development of dicot and monocot embryos. Fruit growth and development. Seed
development, parthenocarpy, apomixis
Practicals:
1. Study of dicot and monocot stems, roots and leaves.
2. Study the anamolous growth of dicot root and stem.
3. Study the reproductive parts of the flower.
4. Study the different types of ovules.
5. Study about embryo of the plant.
6. Study of germination of pollen grains.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Paper7: GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 203
Unit I 10h
Mendel‘s Laws of inheritance and modified ratios. Allelic and non allelic interaction of genes. Multiple
alleles: alleles, coat colour in rodents, blood groups in Humans, self incompatibility.
Unit – II 10 h
Linkage and crossing over: chromosome mapping, linkage groups, mechanism of chromosome pairing
and synaptonemal complex. Sex determination in man, Drosophila and plants. Maternal effects and
Extra- nuclear inheritance.
Unit – III 10 h
Biochemical genetics, concept of gene. Structural changes in chromosomes, Numerical changes in
chromosomes, Apomixis .
Unit – IV 10 h
Mutation: Types of mutations, Physical and chemical mutagens, gene mutations, induction and
detection of mutation, mutation by transposons. Concept of gene: gene structure and expression; gene
fine structure, cis-trans test, Biochemical genetics, introns.
Unit – V 10 h
Plant breeding: Methods of plant breeding. Genetic basis of inbreeding, hybridization and heterosis,
exploitation of hybrid vigour. Plant breeding work done in India with special reference to potato, maize,
rice, wheat, sugarcane and cotton.
Practicals:
1. Study of Mendal‘s law.
2. Study of Gene interaction.
3. Study of Chromosome.
4. Study of emasculation.
5. Improvement of crop by selection methods.
6. To study self pollinated, cross pollinated and clonal propagated crops.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Concept of genetics V II Edition William s. Klug, Pearson Education
2. Genetics; P.K. Gupta, Rastogi Publications
3. Genetics-A molecular approach : T. A. Brown , Chapman & Hall
4. Gadener principles of Genetics –Snustad &Simmons
5. Genetics from gene to genome –Hartwell McGraw Hill
6. Principles of genetics; R.H. Tamarin, Tata McGraw Hill
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Paper: 8, Plant Ecology and Phytogeography
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 204
Unit – I 10h
Ecological factors (light, air, water, topographic, edaphic, biotic), Genecology and Ecological niche.
Population Ecology, Community Ecology.
Unit II 10h
Ecological succession: Process concept and trends, Ecosystem. Pollution: Kinds of pollution (Air,
Water, Soil and Noise) and green house gases, Ozone hole, and global warming. Biogeochemical
cycles (C, N, P, S and Hydrological cycle).
Unit – III 10h
Biodiversity: types and its Conservation i. e. In situ and Ex-situ conservation, endangered species. Soil
erosion and conservation, rainwater harvesting, chipko movement, van mahotsava, Afforestation and
reforestation.
Unit – IV 10h
Phytogeography: Principles, vegetation and regions of India. Remote sensing: Concepts, principles,
processes, tools, techniques in acquisition of R.S. data. Ecosystem Stability: Concept (resistance and
resilience), Ecological Perturbations, Plant Invasion.
Unit V 10h
International Biological Programme (IBP), Man and Biosphere Programme(MAB). Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA), Ecosystem Restoration. Energy resources– Renewable and Non-
renewable. Environmental Auditing. Ecological Management: Concepts, Sustainable Development,
Remote sensing and GIS as Tools for Resources Management. Phytoremediation: Prevention and
Control, Methods of reducing Environmental impacts.
Practicals:
1. To determine the minimum size of quadrate.
2. To determine the frequency, density and abundance of various sps. in a given area.
3. Study of soil texture and soil profile of a given area.
4. To measure the soil Temp, pH and moisture.
5. To determine water holding capacity.
6. To determine the BOD and COD.
7. Educational visit of National Park, Sanctuaries and Wild Life Institutes.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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II Year, Semester III
Paper 9: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 301
Unit I 10h
Water relations: Colligative properties of water. symplast and apoplast; ascent of sap, transpiration,
anti transpirants, guttation, and hydroponics.
Unit II 10h
Macro and micro nutrients: roles of essential elements; mineral deficiency symptoms; ion antagonism
and toxicity. Transport of ions across cell membranes, passive and active absorption, Donnan‘s
equilibrium, role of cell membrane, proton pump and ion flux.
Unit III 10h
Photosynthesis: mechanism of photosynthetic processes, photosynthetic quantum yield, and
photorespiration. Respiration: mechanism, electron transport system and ATP synthesis, oxidative
phosphorylation, glyoxylate cycle. Factors effecting photosynthesis and respiration.
Unit IV 10h
Plant growth regulators: Structure, types, biosynthesis, physiological effects (Auxin, GA, Cytokinin,
ABA and Ethylene).
Unit V 10h
Flowering: role of light, photoperiodism –long day, short day and day neutral plants; vernalization,
florigen concept. Phytochromes.
Practicals:
1. Demonstration of transpiration and guttation.
2. Starch test in chloroplast.
3. Estimation of chlorophyll and carotenoid content of plant tissue.
4. Demonstration of plasmolysis.
5. Demonstration of osmosis and diffusion.
6. Separation of plant pigment by chromatography.
7. RQ value of different seeds.
8. Demonstration of geotropism and phototropism.
9. Demonstration of ascent of sap through xylum.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 67 of 114
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Ainsworth C (2006) Flowering and its Manipulation, Annual Plant Reviews, Vol. 20. Blackwell
Publishing, Oxford, U.K.
2. Brown TA. (2002) Genomes, BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd, Oxford, UK.
4. Davies P J. (2004) Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action. 3rd Edition,Kluwer
Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
5. Jordan BR. (2006) The Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Flowering, 2nd Edition,CAB
International, Oxfordshire, U.K.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Paper 10: BIOCHEMISTRY
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 302
Unit I 10h
Introduction: Water; structure and physical properties, pH, Buffers, atoms and chemical bonds.
Unit II 10h
Biomolecules: Classification, structures and properties of Carbohydrates; monosaccharides,
disaccharides and oligosaccharides, lipids, proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary, amino
acids, and enzymes.
Unit III 10h
Bioenergetics: metabolic concept, bioenergetics, glycolysis, glucogenesis and gluconeogenesis, Krebs
cycle, ETC, oxidative phosphorylation, biosynthesis of lipids (phospholipids, long chain fatty acids,
unsaturated fatty acids and triglycerides) and oxidation of fatty acids (α and β oxidation, ketogenesis).
Unit IV 10h
Amino acids (general overview, nitrogen metabolism, regulation and biosynthesis) and nucleotides
(two biosynthetic pathways; de novo and salvage). Degredation and clinical disorders of nucleotides;
pyrimidine and purine.
Unit V 10h
Elements of nutrition: components of an adequate diet, vitamins; History, occurrence, general
characteristics, classification, structure, properties, metabolism and deficiency of fat soluble and water
soluble vitamins.
Practicals:
1. Preparation of buffers of different pH value.
2. Qualitative test for sugar, proteins and fat.
3. Demonstration of in vivo and in vitro amylase activity.
4. Paper chromatography of amino acid.
5. Electrophoretic separation of proteins.
6. Extraction and isolation of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
7. Use of dialysis for the separation of micro-molecules from macromolecules.
8. Anaerobic respiration of yeast.
9. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 69 of 114
1. Principles of Biochemistry: A.L. Lehninger, Nelson and cox, McMillan worth Publishers.
2. Biochemistry: Christopher K. Mathews Von Holde & Ahern Pearson Education.
3. Biochemistry: Voet and Voet, John wiley and Sous, Inc. USA.
4. Harpes‘s review of Biochemistry: R.K. Muray et al, Prentice- Hall international Inc.
5. Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Cohnand stumf
6. Biochemistry: Zubey WCB Place Dabuque.
7. Understanding enzymes: T. Palmer. Pub. Toward Chichester England
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Paper 11: INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 303
Unit I 10h
Industrially important microorganisms. Isolation from water, air, rotted food and identification,
Culture; auxenic and synchronous. Microbial growth in controlled environment, aseptic conditions.
Medium development and scale up. Growth curve.
Unit II 10h
Fermentation and its types, fermenter; types and design, computer control of fermentation process.
Upstream and downstream processing.
Unit III 10h
Microbial production of food; meats and meat products, milk and dairy products, alcoholic beverages,
malt beverages, oriental foods and Single Cell Proteins.
Unit IV 10h
Food contamination and spoilage (cereals, vegetables, egg and poultry, meat and meat products,
alcoholic and malt beverages, milk and milk products, tin products).
Unit V 10h
Microbial production of: organic acids, enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics, principles of food preservation.
Food preservation by high & low temperature, radiation, cryopreservation.
Practical:
1. Isolation of microorganisms from air, water and rotted vegetables.
2. Culturing and preservation of isolated microorganisms.
3. Role of yeast in bread making.
4. Production of wine from cane sugar and grapes and estimation of alcohol.
5. Production of vinegar and estimation of acetic acid.
6. Production of sauerkraut and estimation of lactic acid.
7. Production of antibiotics.
8. Study about a fermented.
9. Industrial visit.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Prescott L, Harley J, Klein D (2005) Microbiology, 6th edition, Mc Graw-Hill.
2. Singh VP and Stapleton RD (Eds.) (2002) Biotransformations: Bioremediation Technology for
Health and Environmental Protection. ―Progress in Industrial Microbiology Vol. 36‖, Elsevier
Science.
3. Subba Rao NS (1982) Advances in Agriculture Microbiology, Butterworth-Heinemann.
4. Subba Rao NS and Dommergues YR (Eds.) (2001) Microbial Interactions in Agriculture and
Forestry Vol. 2, Science Pub. Inc.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Paper 12: GENETIC ENGINEERING AND GENETIC RESOURCE
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 304
Unit I 10h
Genetic Engineering: - Definition and explanation, scope of GE, Concept and importance of GE, RDT
in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Restriction enzymes, DNA Fingerprinting.
Unit II 10h
Cloning and expression vectors:-Plasmid, Phage, M13, Phagemid, BAC, YAC, Expression vectors, Use
of Promoters, Expression through Strong and Regulatable Promoters, binary and shuttle vectors.
Unit III 10h
Libraries and molecular probes: - Construction and Screening of genomic and cDNA libraries, BAC
libraries and assembly of BACs. Molecular probes and their preparation, labeling and applications,
Southern, Northern, Western blotting.
Unit IV 10h
Polymerase Chain Reaction: - Basic principles and its modifications, designing of primers, Different
schemes of PCR, application of PCR, RACEs, Electronic PCR (e-PCR), RT- PCR, Real-Time PCR,
Gene Sequencing: - Different methods of gene isolation, techniques for sequencing (Maxam & Gilbert
degradation method, Sanger‘s Dideoxy method).
Unit V 10h
IPR, Biopiracy: Introduction, types (patent, copy right, geographical indications, trade mark and trade
secrets), PVP & FR. GATT, TRIPS and terminator technology. Applications of nanotechnology in
various fields. Biosafty and bioethics.
Practical:
1. To perform RAPD amplification of specific target sequence from plant genomic DNA.
2. Isolation of plant proteins from seeds.
3. Isolation of plant proteins from plant leaves.
4. Isolation and culture of plant protoplast.
5. Isolation of total plant RNA from rice plant and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
6. To grow individual cells on a nutrient medium using various method.
7. To demonstration the transformation of Agro bacterium.
8. To demonstrate the Agro bacterium –mediated transformation of tobacco.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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SEMESTER IV
Paper: 13: INSTRUMENTATION and BIO-ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 401
Unit I 10h
Microscopy: principles, Resolving power and application of light microscopy electron microscopy
(team & sem).
Unit II 10h
Centrifugation ; brief history type of centrifugation , theory of centrifugation types of centrifuge.
Unit III 10h
Electrophoresis; history principles application and factor affection of electrophoresis with detail
reference to Agarose PAGE, PAGE Capillary electrophoresis continuous 2D – PAGE IEF
Unit IV 10h
Spectroscopy: theory and principles of NMR , Mass- spectroscopy UV and visible spectroscopy
Unit-V 10h
Chromatography: General principles and techniques of HPLC LPLC GLC, Adsorption, affinity
chromatography
Practical:
1. To perform Gel Electrophoresis .
2. Quantitative determination of DNA and RNA by Spectrophotometric method.
3. To study the working of PCR.
4. To perform PCR amplification of specific target sequence from genomic DNA.
5. To study southern hybridization.
6. Extraction of nucleic acids and their detection by using centrifuge.
7. To determine the concentration of given salt solution by using spectrophotometer.
8. To perform DNA sequencing and determine the DNA sequencing by reading an
9. Autoradiogram obtained from sequencing gel.
10. pH analysis
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Instrumental method of chemical analysis Chatwal and Anand Himalay publishing
2. Sharma ;V.K. Techniques in microscopy and cell biology Tata Mc Graw Hill
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 73 of 114
Paper14: BIOINFORMATICS and BIOSTATISTICS
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 402
Unit I 10h
Bioinformatics: Databases - NCBI, EMBL, DDBJ, Genbank, Pubmed, Patent databases, TAIR, PDB,
ATIDB). Online tools -BLAST, ORF finder, Primer3, protein motif and structure prediction tools;
Vector NTI, DNA STAR.Bioinformatics in genome sequencing and annotation.
Unit II 10 h
Presentation of Data: Frequency distributions, graphical presentation of data by histogram,
frequency polygon, frequency curve and cumulative frequency curve.
Unit-III 10h
Measures of central tendency and dispersion: - Mean, Median, Mode and their simple properties
(without derivations), and calculation of median by graphs, range, mean derivation, standard deviation,
coefficient of variation.
Unit-IV 10 h
Test of Significance: - Sampling distribution of mean and standard error, large scale sample tests(tests
for an assumed mean and equality of two population means with known S.D.), small sample tests(t-tests
for an assumed mean and equality of means of two populations when sample observations are
independent, paired and unpaired t- test, t- test for correlation and regression coefficients), t-test for
comparison of variances of two populations, chi-square test for independent of attributes, goodness of fit
and homogeneity of samples.
Unit-V 10 h
Experimental Designs: Principles of experimental designs, completely randomized, randomized block
and Latin square designs, simple factorial experiments (mathematical derivation not required), analysis
of variance (ANOVA) and its uses.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1.Attwood TK and Parry-Smith DJ (2004) Introduction to Bioinformatics, Pearson Education
(Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.
2. David Edwards (Ed.) (2007) Plant Bioinformatics: Methods and Protocols, Humana Press, New
Jersey, USA.
3. Kulas JT (2008) SPSS Essential: Managing and Analyzing Social Science Data. John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
4. Pagano M, Gauvreau K (2007) Principles of Biostatistics. Thomson India Edition, New Delhi.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 74 of 114
5. Randal Schwartz, Tom Phoenix and Brian d Foy (2005) Learning Perl (4th edition), O‘Reilly &
Associates, ISBN: 0-596-10105-8.
6. Rex A. Dwyer (2004) Genomic Perl: From Bioinformatics Basics to Working Code, Cambridge
University Press, and 1st South Asian Edition.
7. Rosenkrantz WA (2009) Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Science, Engineering and
Finance. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 75 of 114
ELECTIVE PAPERS:
Paper 1: ADVANCE MICROBIOLOGY
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 403A
Unit I 10h
Air microbiology: History of Aeromicrobiology, Aeromicroflora of different places, characteristics of
phylloplane microflora; morphological and physiological characters, nutrition, radiation, RH,
temperature. Aeroallergence and aeroallergy.
Unit II 10h
Water microbiology: Microbes in different environment; marine and fresh water. Microbial analysis of
water: sanitary test for coliforms. Purification of water; sedimentation, filtration, disinfection.
Unit III 10h
Soil microbiology: Physico-chemical properties, rhizosphere and rhizoplane microorganisms, factor
affecting microbial communities in soil, organic matter decomposition, factor affecting organic matter
decomposition, index of soil fertility, biogeochemical cycles.
Unit IV 10h
Environmental microbiology: organic compost, vermicomposting, biogas, treatment of industrial
effluents and municipal waste, biodegradation, biodeterioration of useful products bioaccumulation,
biomineralization, microbial plastic environmental laws.
Unit V 10h
Agriculture microbiology: role of microorganism in the soil formation, texture and soil profile;
interaction among soil microorganism, Integrated pest management(IPM), Biofertilizers
(BGA,rhizobia,mycorrhiza) Biopesticides.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Paper 2: ADVANCE PLANT PATHOLOGY
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 403B
Unit I 10h
History of plant pathology, aspects of plant pathology, parasitism and disease development, effects of
plant pathogens on plant physiological functions. Genetics of plant diseases, epidemiology.
Unit II 10h
Chemical weapons of pathogens, defense mechanism, Control measures; physical, cultural, chemical,
biological, by using transgenic plants, plant quarantine.
Unit III 10h
Plant diseases caused by fungi: diseases caused by fungal like organisms, ascomycetes,
basidiomycetes, deuteromycetes.
Unit IV 10h
Plant diseases caused by algae, bacteria and mollicutes: red rust, bacterial spots, blights, vascular wilts,
soft rot, gall, canker, scabs, phytoplasmal and spiroplasmal diseases.
Unit IV 10h
Plant diseases caused by viruses and nematodes: rigid rod shaped, filamentous, potyviridae,
closteroviridae, luteoviridae, cucumoviruses and geminiviruses, root knot and cyst nematodes.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 77 of 114
Paper 3: PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Paper code: M.Sc. BOT 403C
Unit I 10h
Plant tissue culture: History, concepts of cell differentiation and totipotency; pathways for in vitro
regeneration: organogenesis, somatic and gametic embryogenesis; protoplast isolation, culture and
regeneration; somatic hybridization. Applications: Haploid production, micropropagation in
horticultural and agricultural crops and forestry, meristem culture, somaclonal variations,
cryopreservation and germplasm storage.
Unit II 10h
Principles, methods and applications of genetic transformation: Agrobacterium interactions; Direct gene
transfer methods, marker and reporter genes; case studies of transgenic traits in plants; marker-free
transgenics; transgene silencing; environmental, social and legal issues.
Unit III 10h
Genetic resource: exploration and germplasm collection, introduction and exchange of PGR , Different
kinds of PGR, Taxonomical Classification of PGR, Basic, derived and molecular, core collections,
principles of germplasm characterization, evaluation, maintenance and regeneration, Plant quarantine
aspects- Sanitary and Phytosanitary Systems (SPS). Utilization of GR,World centres of primary
diversity and secondary centers of cultivated plants; crop domestication genes.
Unit IV 10h
Transgenic Plants in dicots and monocots: - Utility of Transgenic in basic studies and in crop
improvement (resistance for herbicides, viruses, insects and abiotic stresses, Barnase and Barstar for
hybrid seed production), Biosafety issues including risks associated with transgenic crops.
Unit V 10h
Molecular Farming: - Expression of nutritional value substrates in plants like seed storage proteins e.g.
Glycinin, Conglycinin, Legumin, Phytohaemaglutinin, Phaseolin, Prolamins, Albumins and Designer-
proteins, edible vaccines, Engineering for vitamins and Iron-Deficiency.
Books Recommended
Applied plant biotechnology-Ignacimuthu, Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi.
An introduction to plant tissue culture: M .K. Razdan Elsevier publication
Plant tissue culture: S .S Bhojwani and M.k. Razdan Elsevier publication
DESERTATION AND VIVA VOICE
Paper Code: M.Sc. BOT 451
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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Syllabus
Programme: M.Sc. Zoology
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 79 of 114
SEMESTER-I
PAPER I
ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY AND ANIMAL TAXONOMY
MSC Z 105 – A/ MSc-Zoo-101
UNIT-1
a. Science of taxonomy- Definition, concepts, history, scope and applications of biosystematics.
b. Principles of Zoological Classification- Theories of biological classification and their history,
hierarchies of categories and the higher taxa 08 hrs.
UNIT-2
a. Concept of species- Species category, different concepts and intraspecific categories.
b. Modern trends in taxonomy. Behavioural taxonomy- chemotaxonomy. Cytotaxonomy and molecular
taxonomy. 08 hrs
UNIT-3
a. Procedures in taxonomy- Taxonomic collections, Process of identification procedure of classifying,
description and publication.
b. Principals and application of zoological nomenclature- origin of code, Rules of zoological
nomenclature (ICZN), interpretation of rules of nomenclature. 08 hrs
UNIT-4
a. Animal as food – Fish products, dairy products, piggery, pearl, leather and wool industry.
Domestic animals- Popultry, cattle and Pisciculture 08 hrs
Unit- 5
a. Economic insects- Apiculture, sericulture, insect pests and integrated pest management.
b. Biological control and biological indicators. 08 hrs
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 80 of 114
PAPER -II
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
MSC Z -105 B/ MSc-Zoo-102
UNIT -1
a. Origin of Life including aspects of pre-biotic environment, Abiotic and Biotic Evolution,
Theories of Organic Evolution, Emergence of Evolutionary Thoughts.
b. Origin and evolution of economically important microbes and animals (Horse & Elephant)
08 hrs.
UNIT - 2
a. Distribution of Animals: Distribution with Space, Distribution with time.
b. Dispersal of Animals: Means, Barriers, Migration. 08 hrs
UNIT - 3
a. Concepts of Evolution: Micro Evolution, Macro Evolution, Phylogenetic Gradualism.
b. Molecular Evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and molecular clock;
molecular tools in phylogeny: origin of new genes and proteins : gene duplication and
divergence.
UNIT- 4 08 hrs
a. Mechanism of Evolution: Isolating Mechanism, Speciation, Alopatricity and Sympatricity:
Convergent Evolution: Sexual Selection: Co-evolution, Natural Selection,
b. Adaptation- Introduction, Adaptive Radiation and Modifications, Coloration & Mimicry.
UNIT-5 08 hrs
a. Evidences in favour of organic evolution.
b. Evolution of Horse. Elephant and Man.
08 hrs
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 81 of 114
PAPER -III
NON-CHORDATA
MSC Z 105 -C/ MSc-Zoo-103
UNIT-1
a. Protozoa: General characters, outline classification, organelles in protozoa locomotion in
protozoa and reproduction in protozoa.
b. Porifera: Important features, outline classification, structural peculiarities, skeleton and
regeneration in sponges. 08 hrs
UNIT- 2
a. Cnideria: Important features, outline classification, Polymorphism in cnidarians coelenterates,
gradation of mutagenesis, skeleton in coelenterates and coral reefs.
b. Ctenophora: Important features, outline classification, general organization and affinities.
c. Helminths: Important features, outline classification platyelminths and nemathelminthes.
UNIT- 3 08 hrs
a. Annelid: Important features, outline classification, segmentation and coelome, excretory system
and regeneration.
b. Arthropoda: Important features, outlilne classification, Integumentary system, respiratory
system and larval forms in crustacean.
c. Onychphora: Important features, outline classification, general organization and affinities.
UNIT-4 08 hrs
a. Mollusca: Important features, outline classification, shell, foot and its modification torsion and
detorsion in gastropoda.
b. Echinodermata: Important features, outline classification, body wall and skeleton, laraval forms
and regeneration. 08 hrs
UNIT- 5
a. Minor non coelomata phyla: General organization, classification, and affinities of phvlum
rotifer and acanthocephalan.
b. Minor coelomate phyla: General organization, classification and affinities of phylum
chaetognatha, pogonophora, Phoroida and brachiopoda.
c. Hcmichordata: General organization classification and affinities.
08 hrs
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 82 of 114
PAPER –IV
CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
MSC Z – 105 D MSc-Zoo-104
UNIT -1
a. Introduction to the cell –Cell theory ,Ultrastructure of the cell, Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells
, organization of eukaryotic cells , cell cycle , cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) cell cycle and
cancer .
b. Cell membrane – Models of the fine structure of biomembrane including detailed fluid mosauc
model,organization of lipids& proteins. Specific membrane proteins . functions of plasma
membrane transport ,diffusion ,active transport pumps uniports ,symports and antiports ) . 08 hrs
UNIT –2
a. Cytoskeleton –Structutr and dynamics of microtubules, actin filaments ( microfilaments)
,intermediate filaments , cilia & flagella
b. Cell organelles -.origin ,structure and functions of mitochondria , ribosome golgi complex
endoplasmic reticulum lysosome centrosome endosome peroxysome
c. The nucleus –Nuclear envelope , nucleolus, Chromosome type structure , chemical
compositionand functions of chromosomes . 08 hrs
UNIT -3
a. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome – Fine structure of DNA , DNA Replication ,
Biosynthesis of DNA , Protein synthesis ( Transcription , translation and regulation of gene
regulation Genetic code) 08 hrs
UNIT -4
a. Cell communication – Cell-cell signaling , cell surface receptors, Second messenger system ,
Kinase pathways, signaling from plasma membrane to nucleus ( signal transduction) .
b. Cell adhesion & cell junctions - Cellular affinity, Cell adhesion molecules (CAMS) .Ca++
dependent cell –cell adhesion. Ca++ independent cell-cell adhesion, cadherins, selectins
integrins, cell junctions . 08 hrs
UNIT -5
a. Cell division – Mitotic cell division ,Cell death – Necrotic cell death , Programmed cell
death(apoptosis) and their mechanisms.
b. Cell commitment –Specification of cell fate by progressive cell cell interaction . 08 hrs
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 83 of 114
PRACTICALS MSC Z 155 /MSc-Zoo-151
Economic Zoology
1. Study of Life cycle of Bombyx mori
2. Study of Life cycle of Apis
3. Study of Life cycle of Odontotermis
4. Study of Life cycle of Lacca
Evolution
5.Study of evolution of Horse through various models
6.Adaptive modification of feet and claws in birds
7. Adaptive modification in mouth parts of insects
8.Study of evolution through homologous and analogous organ
Nonchordates
9.Study of museum Specimens and slides of Non chordates
10. Study of museum Specimens slides of Proto chordates
Cell and Molecular Biology
11. To examine the phenomenon of cell permeability using hypotonic ,isotonic and hypertonic
solution.
12. Study of cell organelles with the aid of slides
13. Preparation of slides of bacteria from curd ,milk , and tartar for study of prokaryotic cells.
14. Preparation of buccal epithelium cells slide by using suitable staining technique for study of
eukaryotic cell.
15. Buccal smear preparation for localization of mitochondria by using Janus green stain.
16. Study of Mycoplasma , E. Coli ,Bluegreen algae
17. preparation of chromosomes from onion root tips for study of mitosis by squash method
18.DNA extraction from onion
19. DNA extraction from banana
20. DNA extraction from human cheek cells
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 84 of 114
SEMESTER-II
PAPER -I
BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOINFORMATICS
MSC Z 205-A/MSc-Zoo-201
UNIT-1
a. Biostatistics- Basic concept, Fundamentals of measurements, Qualitative & quantitative
Variables Collection, Classification, Tabulation & Presentation of data.
b. Measures of Central Tendency- Objectives of Averages, Various Measures of Central
Tendency (Mean, Median, Mode) and their merits & Demerits, Choice of suitable Averages.
08 hrs
UNIT- 2
a. Measures of Dispersion-Objective of measuring variability, properties of good measure of
dispersion, Types of measure of dispersion. Merit & Demerits of standard Deviation.
b. Correlation Analysis- Importance of correlation Analysis, Types of Correlation. Measures
of Correlation, Regression Analysis, Difference between Correlation & Regression,
Regression of Y on X and X on Y.
c. Test of Significance- Testing of Hypothesis, Errors in Hypothesis Testing, Level of
significance, Chi-square test, ‗Z‘ test & ‗T‘ test, Analysis of variance, Probability
Distribution (Poisson, Binomial & Normal) 08 hrs
UNIT- 3
a. Bioinformatics- Introduction, Components of Computer, Number System, Logic Gates,
Flow Chart, Comprehension of C & its Programming.
b. Basics for operating system (windows) , Ms.-word, Power Point, Introduction of Data Base
Management System (DBMS).
c. Internet- Basics for Biologists Electronic mail, Electronic Mail Servers, Downloading files
with anonymous File Transfer Protocol, Gopher. www.Mosaic . 08 hrs
UNIT - 4
Primary Database, Secondary Database, Sequence Databases (European Molecular Biology
Laboratory, Gen Bank, DNA Data Base of Japan (DDBJ) SWISS-PORT Protein information
Resource. TREMBL), Protein Family/Domain Databases (Prosite, Pfam & Prints),
Submitting sequence to Database and information retrieval through ENTERZ
08 hrs
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UNIT -5
Sequence Database – Collecting & storing sequences , local alignment, Global Alingment
,BLAST( BLASTP, BLASTN ,BLASTX,TBLASTX) 08 hrs
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PAPER -II
GENETICS
MSC Z 205-B/MSc-Zoo-202
UNIT- 1
a. Mendelian principles – Dominance, segregation, independent assortment, deviations from
mendelian inheritance.
b. Methods of gene Transfer- Transformation, Conjugation, transduction, bacteriophages-
types, structure and morphology of T4 Phage. 08 hrs
UNIT- 2
a. Chromosomes- Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes, Molecular anatomy of
cukaryotic, heterochromatin and euchromatin, giant chromosomes, polytene and lambrush
chromosomes, sex chromosomes.
b. Gene-Maping-Concept of recombination, linkage map, cytogenetic map, physical maps,
molecular maps, levels of genome mapping significance of genome mapping. 08 hrs
UNIT 3
a. Population genetics- Gene pool and gene frequencies, Hardy-weinberg law of genetic
equilibrium and changes in gene frequencies.
b. Somatic cell genetics- cell fusion and hybrids-agents and mechanism of fusion,
heterokaryon 08 hrs
UNIT-4
a. Genetic Techniques- Cloning, PCR, DNA, sequencing FISH, GISH, DNA- fingerprinting,
chromosome walking and application of genetic engineering.
b. Genetic code- Properties of genetic code, codon assignment, chain initiation and
termination, mutations and the genetic code. 08 hrs
UNIT 5
a. Genetic disorders- chromosomal disorders. Inbora errors of metabolism. Tay-sachs diease,
albinism, phenyketonuria. Lesch-nvhan syndrome.
b. Organization of genetic material- Packaging of DNA as nucleosomes in eukaryotes.
Repetitive and unique DNA sequence, split genes. Overlapping genes and psedogenes.
08 hrs
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PAPER –III
MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY
MSC Z 205 -C/MSc-Zoo-203
UNIT I
a. Blood and circulation -Blood corpuscles haemopoiesis plasma function blood volume ,blood
volume regulation , blood groups ,haemoglobins
b. Cardiovascular system – anatomy of heart ,myogenic heart ECG –its principle and
significance, cardiac cycle , blood pressure , Neural and chemical regulation of all above . 08 hrs
UNIT -2
a. Nervous System – Neurons action potential gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord,
central and peripheral nervous system , neural control of muscle tone and posture .
b. Sense organ –Vision , hearing and tactile receptors 08 hrs
UNIT -3
a. Respiratory system –Comparison of respiration in different species ,Transport of gases,
exchange of gases ,Waste elimination ,Neural and chemical regulation of respiration
b. Excretory system – Structure of kidney ,Urine formatin , Urine concentration , Waste
elimination ,Micturiton regulation of water balance, blood volume , blood pressure , electrolyte
balance , acid base balance .
c. Digestive System – Digestion , absorption energy balance .BMR 08 hrs
UNIT -4
a. Thermoregulation-Comfort zone , body temperature – Physical , chemical ,neural regulation
acclimatization
b. Stress adaptation 08 hrs
UNIT-5
Endocrinology and reproduction- Endocrine glands basic mechanism of hormone action ,
hormone and diseases , reproductive processes ,neuro endocrine regulation 08 hrs
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PAPER IV
BIOCHEMISTRY
MSC Z -205 –D/MSc-Zoo-204
UNIT- 1
a. Structure of atoms , molecules and chemical bonds
b. Composition Structure and function of biomolecules ( carbohydrates , lipids, proteins nucleic
acids vitamins ) 08 hrs
UNIT -2
a. Stabilizing interaction (Van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic
interaction, etc.)
08 hrs
UNIT -3
a. Conformation of proteins ( Ramachandran plot , Secondary , tertiary and quaternary structure .
domains , motif and folds ) 08 hrs
UNIT -4
Metabolism of Carbohydrates, lipids amino acids nucleotides and vitamins 08 hrs
UNIT -5
a. Principle of catalysis ,Enzymes , and enzyme kinetics , enzyme regulation , mechanism of
enzyme catalysis , isozymes
b. Bionergetics , glycolysis , oxidative phosphorylation , coupled reaction , group transfer ,
biological energy transducers. 08 hrs
PRACTICALS M SC. Z 255/MSc-Zoo-251
Genetics
1. Study of Human and Allium Karyotype (normal abnormal)
2. Genetic exercises based on monohybrid and dihybrid cross
3. Genetic exercises based on independent assortment
Biochemistry
Qualitative techniques :
1. Qualitative analysis of functional group in the given solution of Carbohydrates .
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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2. Qualitative analysis of function group in given solution of proteins. Quantative techniques
3. Calorimetric estimation of glucose in the given solution .
a. Calorimetric estimation of total protein in given solution.Enzymology:
4. Effect of pH on the action of salivary amylase .
5. Effects of temperature on the action of Salivary amylase.
6. Effect of inhibitor on the action of salivary amylase .
7. Study the activity of Trypsin using fresh tissue extract
Physiology
1. To identify the components of food.
2. To observe the action of salivary amylase on starch .
3. Estimation of hemoglobin percentage by haemoglobinometer.
4. To enumerate the total number of RBC
5. To enumerate the total number of WBC
6. Determination of ABO blood groups
7. Rh factor.
8. Measurement of blood pressure
9. To determine bleeding time
10. To determine the clotting time of blood.
11. To prepare the haemin crystal of blood
12. Estimation of haematocrit value in blood sample of human.
13. Detection of abnormal constituent of human urine
14. Detection of normal constituent of human urine
15. Study of location of endocrine glands by model diagram of Rat.
16. Study of permanent slides –
a. L.S. of Pituitary gland of rat
b. T..S. of thyroid gland
c. T .S. of parathyroid gland
d. T .S .adrenal gland
e. T .S. of testis
f. T .S. of ovary
g. T .S. of pancreas
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Page 90 of 114
THIRD SEMESTER
PAPER -I
CHORDATA
MSC Z -305 A/MSc-Zoo-301
UNIT-1
a. Protochordata : Origin & Evolution of Chordate, General Organization & Affinities of
Larvacea. Thalicacea and Cephalochordate.
b. Vertebrate Ancestry : Introduction, Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates.
c. General and Comparative Account of Integumantary system and urinogential System.
08 hrs
UNIT-2
a. Fish: General Character, Special Characters, General Organization and affinities of
Obstracoderm &
Coelacnthiformes
b. Amphiba: General Characters, Special Characters, Parental Care, Neoteny
08 hrs
UNIT -3
a. Birds: General Character, Special Characters, Flight Adaption Migration and territorial
Behaviour. 08 hrs
UNIT-4
a. Mammals; General and special Characters of Mammals, Organizaton & Affinities of Prototheria.
b. Mammals: General Organization and Affinities of Marsupialia
c. Mammals: Aquatic Mammals with Reference to Cetaceae.
08 hrs
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Page 91 of 114
PAPER- II
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
MSC Z -305 B/MSc-Zoo-302
UNIT-1
a. Introduction- History background and theories of development, theory of preformation,
epigenetic theory, theory of pengenesis, recapitulation theory, gemplasm theory, mosaic theory,
regulated theory, gradient theory and theory of organizers.
b. Parthenogenesis- Natural Parthenogenesis, arrhenotoky, thelyoky, accidental parthenogenesis,
rudimentary parthenogenesisd, artificial Parthenogenesis Parthenogenesis in human being,
genogenesis, androgenesis and significance of Parthenogenesis.
c. Basic concepts of development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction competence.
Determination and differentiation: morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem
cells: genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants; imprinting: mutants and
transgenics in analysis of development. 08 hrs
UNIT-2
a. Gameters and fertilization- Spermatogenesis, oogenesis and fertilization.
b. Early development- Cleavage and blastula, Pattern of cleavage, Laws of cleavage, types of
cleavage, effect of yolk on cleavage. Physiology of cleavage morula and blastula. 08 hrs
UNIT-3
a. Gastrulation- Process of gastrulation invegination, involution, infiltration, delamination and
mechanisms. Accessory processes of gastrulation concrescence and convergence. 08 hrs
UNIT-4
a. Metamorphosis- metamorphosis in insects and amphibians, biochemical and morphological
meramophic changes and hormonal control of metamorphosis.
b. Regeneration- Regenerative potentials in different animal groups, mechanism of regeneration in
amphibian and planeria. 08 hrs
UNIT- 5
a. Aging- introduction, consequences of aging causes of aging, control of aging through genes and
aging of cells in vitro Carrel‘s immortal cells.
b. Abnormal development
i. Teratology- Causes of abnormal development, therapeutic drugs as teratogens, drug testing
experimental teratology.
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ii. Neoplasia- Etiology, growth and differentiation of tumor cells cell growth and
oncogenesis,loss of homeostatic control, growth and invasiveness of placenta. 08 hrs
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Page 93 of 114
PAPER- III
ENVIORNMENTAL BIOLOGY
MSC Z -305 C/MSc-Zoo-303
UNIT-1
a. The Environment: Physical environment: biotic environment; biotic and biotic interactions.
b. Habital and niche: Concept of Habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and
realized niche; resource partitioning character displacement.
c. Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes, theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones
of India. 08 hrs
UNIT-2
a. Population ecology: Characteristics of a population: Population growth curves; population
regulation: life history strategies (r. and k selection) concept of metapopulation- demes and
dispersal. Interdemic extinctions. Age structured population. 08 hrs
UNIT-3
a. Ecosystem: Structure and function: energy flow and mineral cycling (CNP) primary production
and decomposition structure and function of some Indian ecosystems; terrestrial (forest,
grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, eustarine)
b. Ecological succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax.
08 hrs
UNIT-4
a. Applied ecology: Environmental pollution: global environmental change biodiversity status
monitoring and documentation; major drivers of biodiversity change biodiversity management
approaches. 08 hrs
UNIT-5
a. Conservation biology: Principles of conservation, major approaches to management Indian case
studies on conservation/management strategy (Project Tiger, Biosphere reserves)
08 hrs
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Page 94 of 114
PAPER-IV
ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
MSC Z-305D/MSc-Zoo-304
UNIT-1
a. Stereotyped behavior- Taxes, reflexes, instinct and motivation.
b. Individual behavior patterns- Conflict behavior. 08 hrs
UNIT-2
a. Learning and memory- Definition, forms, development and mechanism of learning, neural
basis of learning, memory in animals.
b. Communication- Study of communication, messages and their meaning, the forms of signals,
communication in animals as language. 08 hrs
UNIT 3
a. Environmental perceptions- Mechanical, electrical, chemical, olfactory, auditory and visual.
b. Biological rhythms- Circadian and circannual rhythms, migration, biologic clocks, orientation
and navigation. 08 hrs
UNIT 4
a. Neural and hormonal control of behaviour- Neural structure, general pattern of nervous
system in animals, hormones in relation to different behavioural patterns.
b. Pheromones and behaviour- Introduction, definition, classification and role of hormones
behavioural patterns.
c. Neuroendocrine control of behaviour- Endocrine secretions, neuroendocrine control
mechanism in certain behavioural patterns. 08 hrs
UNIT 5
a. Social behaviour- Social structure, social dominance, domestication, advantages of grouping,
developments, social organization in insects and primates.
PRACTICALS M SC Z 355/MSc-Zoo-351
Chordates
1. Study of museum specimens of fishes amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammal
2. Study of histological slides of fishes ,amphibia reptiles, birds mammal
3. Study of extinct reptiles: Dinosaurs : Models
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
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4. Study of wonder vertebrate Animals
5. General methods of microscopic preparation-Killing and narcotization, Fixing, washing, staining
a. Destaining, dehydration, de-alcoholization, mounting Labelling
6. Microtomy – General Principle
Developmental Biology
1. Study of spermatogenesis by model diagram
2. Study of oogenesis by model diagram
3. Study of fertilization by model diagram
4. cleavage pattern by model diagram
5. Study of slides T.S. passing through testis of mammal
6. Study of slides T.S. passing through ovary of mammal
Ecology
1. To determine the texture of given soil sample.
2. To determine the moisture present in the given soil sample.
3. To determine the Ph of given soil sample.
4. To determine the temporary hardness of a given sample of water.
5. To determine the amount of dissolved oxygen in the given sample of pond water.
6. Study of grassland communities by quadrat Method by working out frequency density, and
abundance of organism
7. Study biotic component of a pond by collection and identification of plants and animals.
8. Study of conflict behaviour ,FAP behaviour predation pressure
9. Territorial behaviour in Birds
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FOURTH SEMESTER
PAPER-I
PARASITOLOGY
BIOLOGY OF PARASITE-I
MSC Z -405 A/MSc-Zoo-401
UNIT-1
a. Animal Association and Categories: Introduction, Basis principal & concepts, Symbiosis,
Parasitism, Commensalism, Types of parasites.
b. Parasitic adaptation: Evolution of parasitism, Fate of parasite, Adaptation to parasitism.
08hrs.
UNIT-2
a. Host Parasite relationship: Host specificity [(Ectoparasit:. i. Laraval stages parasitic & adult
free living, ii. Adult parasitic & laraval stages free living, iii. Both larva & adult parasitic).
(Endoparasite: i. Laraval stages parasitic & adult free living, ii. Adult parasitic & laraval stages
free living)]. Action of parasite upon their hosts (Effects of parasites upon invertebrates, Effects
of parasites upon vertebrates).
08hrs.
UNIT-3
Parasitic Protozoa: Introduction, General classification, Trypanosoma gambiense, Leishmania
donovani. 08hrs.
UNIT-4
a. Termatoda: Introduction, General classification, types of termatodes, Larval forms.
b. Termatoda: Paragonimus westeramani.
Termatoda: Blood flukes (Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni & S. japonicum) 08hrs.
UNIT- 5
a. Cestoda: Introduction, General classification.
b. Cestoda: Larval forms.
Cestoda: Echinococcus granulosus, Hymenolepis nana & H. diminuta. 08hrs.
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Page 97 of 114
PAPER-II
BIOLOGY PARASITE-II
MSC Z -405 B/MSc-Zoo-402
UNIT-1
a. General organization, classification & general pattern of life cycle of Nematodes (animal, plant
parasitic & Entomopathogenic), Parasitic adaptation
Introductive Nematology: Introduction, General Morphology, Economic importance, Types of
plant nematodes, Host range, Biology 08hrs.
b.
UNIT-2
a. Family-Strongyloidae: Strongyloides stercorales
b. Family-Ancylostomatidae: Ancylostoma duodenale.
Famil-Filaridae: Wuchereria bancrofti. 08hrs.
UNIT-3
a. Techniques in Nematology: Methods of sampling (Soil & plant samples), Methods of
extracting nematodes from soil & plant samples, Methods of processing nematodes for
observation.
Plant nematode relationship: Host parasite relationship, Mechanism involved in injury &
histopathology of infected tissue, Interaction with other microorganism, Brief structure, life
cycle, epidemiology, pathogenecity and control of root knot & cyst Nematodes.
08hrs.
UNIT-4
Acanthocephala- General organization & classification. 08hrs.
UNIT-5
a. Medically important insects: Arthropods and vectors of human diseases (mosquitoes, lice, flies
& ticks); Mode of transmission of pathogen by vectors, chemical, biological and environmental
control of arthropoid vectors.
Insects carrying vesication, Urtrication and Venomenization. 08hrs.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 98 of 114
PAPER – III
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHMISTRY AND IMMUNOLOGY OF PARASITE
MSC Z -405 C/MSc-Zoo-403
UNIT-1
a. Nutrition: Uptake and digestion in protozoa, trematoda, cestoda and nematode. Metabolism,
Carbohydrate.
b. Parasitic reproduction: Asexual, sexual reproduction, synchronization of parasite with host
reproduction, in vitro cultivation of parasite.
c. Egg shell: Formation in helminthes, chemistry of egg shell formation, role of Mehli‘s glands.
08 hrs.
UNIT-2
a. Excretion: Nitrogen excretion and water and ionic regulation in parasites.
Nervous system and sense organs: Morphology of nervous system and sense organs, nervous
transmission and behavioural coordination. 08 hrs.
UNIT-3
a. Parasite transmission: Mechanism of host selection and its consequence, penetration and
circadian rhythm.
b. Ecology of Parasitism: Niche biology, population dynamics, negative interaction, problems of
escape and dispersal, problem of mate finding.
Growth and establishment of parasite: Hatching, establishment, site selection, migration.
08 hrs.
UNIT-4
a. Cells of immune system: Lymphoid cells (T-lymphocyts, B-lymphocyts), null cells,
mononuclear cells, granulocytic cells, mast cells, basophils, dendritic cells, MHC molecules and
compliments.
a. Immunoglobulin: Basic structure of immunoglobulin, fine structure of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE,
Monoclonal antibodies, parasite antigen.
Antigen antibody interaction: Strength of antigen-antibody interaction, cross reactivity,
precipitation reaction, agglutination reaction. 08 hrs.
UNIT-5
a. Immunobiology of Protozoans: Host response against Plasmodium infection during Malaria.
b. Immunobiology of Termatodes: Immunological response against termatode, Schistosoma
infection, immunodiagnosis of termatodes.
c. Immunology of cestodes: Immunity of larval and adult cestodes, immunodiagnosis of cestodes.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 99 of 114
Vaccines: Passive immunization, active immunization, designing of vaccines for active
immunization, whole organism vaccines, recombinant vactor vaccines. DNA vaccines, synthetic
vaccines. 08 hrs.
PRACTICALS M SC Z 455/MSc-Zoo-451
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Page 100 of 114
Syllabus
Programme: M.Sc. Biotechnology
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 101 of 114
Semester I
PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS [MSC BT 106 (A)/ MSc-BT-101]
Unit-I
Introduction: History of Genetics, its scope and significance, Mendel‘s experiments, Principles of
Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment, Lethality and Interaction of genes. 06
Unit-II
Linkage and crossing over: Linkage in higher eukaryotes, Coupling and Repulsion Hypothesis,
measurement of Linkage, Detection of linkage, Breakdown of Linkage, Four- strand crossing over,
Three-Point Test cross, cytological basis of crossing over, Interference and Coincidence, Crossing over
and Chisma formation, Factor affecting recombination frequencies. 08
Unit-III
Genetics of Sex Determination and Differentiation: Sex-linked, Sex- limited and Sex- influenced traits
in Drosophila and Human beings, Theories of Sex-determination- Chromosomal theory, environmental
theory and genic balance theory, Sex- determination in dioeciously plants, Sex reversal and
Gynandromorphs, Human sex anomalies (Klinefelter‘s Syndrome and Turner‘s Syndrome). Benzer‘s
work on rII locus in T4 phases. 10
Unit-IV
Mutation and Mutagenic Agents: Brief history of mutation, physical and chemical Mutagens, Detection
of mutation in Drosophila (CIB method, Muller-5 method), Detection of mutation in plants and their
practical application in crop improvement. 06
Unit-V
Multiple Alleles: Concepts of multiple alleles, self incompatibility alleles in Nicotiana, coat color in
rodents, Blood group in Humans, antigen-antibody interaction in inheritance of A, B, AB and O blood
groups, H-antigens, MNS system, Rh Factor, Epitasis and multiple allelism (Bombay blood group)
10
Books recommended:
1. Concept of genetics V II Edition William s. Klug, Pearson Education
2. Genetics; P.K. Gupta, Rastogi Publications
3. Genetics-A molecular approach : T A Brown , Chapman & Hall
4. Gadener principles of Genetics –Snustad &Simmons
5. Genetics from gene to genome –Hartwell McGraw Hill
6. Principles of genetics; R.H. Tamarin, Tata McGraw Hill
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 102 of 114
CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY [MSC BT 106 (B) /MSc-BT-102]
Unit-I
Cell Division: Cell Cycle, differences between mitosis and meiosis, mechanism of chromosome
moment, reduction division and equational division, double reduction. 08
Unit-II
Chromosome mutation and diseases: Translocation, inversion, trisomy, tetrasomy, monosomy,
nullisomy: Classification, methods of production, role in evolution. 08
Unit-III
Genetic Material: DNA and RNA as genetic material (experimental evidences), structure of DNA
(including Z-DNA and 5- hasisekharan‘s RL model), super coiling of DNA (base stacking,
orientations). 06
Unit-IV
Lemda T4 Phage genome: Lysogeny, lytic phase. Regulation of gene action and control mechanism (cI,
cII,cIII genes). 08
Unit-V
Organization of Genetic Material: Chromosome ultra structure and nucleosome concept, packing of
DNA as nucleosomes in eukaryotes, techniques used for discovery of nucleosome, structure and
assembly of nucleosomes, solenoid, phasing of nucleosomes, DNA concept and C-value paradox,
repetitive and unique sequences, overlapping, pseudo, split gene. 10
Books Recommended
1. The world of cell: W.M.Backer Pearson education
2. Molecular cell Biology Lodish Baltimore, W.H. freeman & Co.
3. Essential of Cytology: C.B. Powar Himalaya Publications
4. Cytology:V.B. rastogi, Kedarnath and Ramnath, Meerut.
5. Cell Biology, genetics, Molecular Biology, Ecology and Evolution:verma and Aggarwal, S. Chand
& Co.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 103 of 114
BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOINFORMATICS [MSC BT 106 (C) /MSc-BT-103]
Unit-I
Presentation of Data: Frequency distributions, graphical presentation of data by histogram,
frequency polygon, frequency curve and cumulative frequency curve. 06
Unit-II
Measures of central tendency and dispersion: - Mean, Median, Mode and their simple properties
(without derivations), and calculation of median by graphs, range, mean derivation, standard deviation,
coefficient of variation. 08
Unit-III
Test of Significance: - Sampling distribution of mean and standard error, large scale sample tests(tests
for an assumed mean and equality of two population means with known S.D.), small sample tests(t-tests
for an assumed mean and equality of means of two populations when sample observations are
independent, paired and unpaired t- test, t- test for correlation and regression coefficients), t-test for
comparison of variances of two populations, chi-square test for independent of attributes, goodness of fit
and homogeneity of samples. 10
Unit-IV
Experimental Designs: Principles of experimental designs, completely randomized, randomized block
and Latin square designs, simple factorial experiments (mathematical derivation not required), analysis
of variance (ANOVA) and its uses. 06
Unit-V
Bioinformatics: Introduction, scope and application. Bioinformatics databases (NCBI, DDBJ, Gene-
Bank), BLAST, PSI-BLAST, FASTA. Phylogenetic analysis. 10
Books recommended
1. Fundamentals of computer: P.K. Sinha, New Delhi EPB Publication.
2. Introduction to bioinformatics: T.K. Attwood, Pearson Education.
3. Statistical methods: S.P. Gupta S. Chand & Company, New Delhi.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 104 of 114
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY [MSC BT 106 (D) /MSc-BT-104]
Unit I
Microscopy: Principles, Resolving Power and applications of Light Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy (TEM & SEM). 08
Unit II
Centrifugation: Brief history, type of centrifugation, theory of centrifugation, types of centrifuge.
08
Unit III
Electrophoresis: - History, Principles, Application and factor affecting of electrophoresis with detail
reference to Agarose, PAGE, PFGE, Capillary electrophoresis, continuous, 2D-PAGE, IEF
08
Unit-IV
Spectroscopy: - Theory and principles of NMR, Mass-spectroscopy, UV and visible spectroscopy.
06
Unit-V
Chromatography: - General principles and techniques of HPLC, LPLC, GLC, Adsorption,
affinity chromatography. 10
Books Recommended
1. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis: Chatwal and Anand, Himalaya Publishing house
2. Sharma, V .K.: Techniques in microscopy and cell biology Tata Mc Graw Hill .
3. Biochemical Techniques: Theory & Practice J.F.Robyt & B.J.White Waveland press Ins .
4. Amold L .Demain & Julian E .Davies :Manual of Industrial microbio .& Biotech second edition
PRACTICAL I– MSC BT 156//MSc-BT-151
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 105 of 114
Semester II
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS [MSC BT 206 (A) /MSc-BT-201]
Unit I
Structural and Biochemical Organization: - Amino Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Fatty Acids and
Nucleotides. 08
Unit II
Enzymology: - Enzymes, Elementary Kinetics, Mechanism of enzymes action, assay types, reaction
rates, Extremozymes engineering, enzyme activity and substrate specificity, isoenzymes, co-enzymes,
Vitamins. 08
Unit III
Protein as base unit: - Structure and function, Protein folding and structural complexity, Protein
sequencing. Post-translational modifications of proteins. 08
Unit IV
Major intermediary metabolic pathways: biosynthesis and catabolism of saturated and
Unsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides. 08
Unit V
Glucose Metabolism: Glycolysis, Kreb‘s cycle, ETS of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation
substrate level phosphorylation, anaplerotic pathway. 08
Books recommended
1. Principles of Biochemistry: A.L. Lehninger, Nelson and cox, McMillan worth Publishers.
2. Biochemistry: Christopher K. Mathews Von Holde & Ahern Pearson Education.
3. Biochemistry: Voet and Voet, John wiley and Sous, Inc. USA.
4. Harpes‘s review of Biochemistry: R.K. Muray et al, Prentice- Hall international Inc.
5. Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Cohnand stumf
6. Molecular Biophysics- Structure in Motion
7. Michel Daune, Oxford University press.
8. Basic Biophysics: R. Narayana, New age Publisher
9. Biophysical Chemistry I,II,&III Cantur and Schimmid, Freeman.
10. Biochemistry: Zubey WCB Place Dabuque.
11. Understanding enzymes: T. Palmer. Pub. Toward Chichester England.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 106 of 114
GENETIC RESOURCES AND IPR [MSC BT 206 (B) /MSc-BT-202]
Unit I
Biological species and Diversity: Alpha, Beta and Gamma diversity. Evolution of crop plants (wheat,
maize, rice). 06
Unit II
Biodiversity vs. Genetic Resources: - Biodiversity and rate of loss of biodiversity, causes for the loss
of biodiversity, uses of biodiversity, extent of biodiversity in plants and animals, exploration and
germplasm collection, introduction and exchange of PGR, Red Data Books and Endangered species.
08
Unit III
Plant Genetic Resources: - Different kinds of PGR, Taxonomical Classification of PGR, Basic,
derived and molecular, core collections, principles of germplasm characterization, evaluation,
maintenance and regeneration, Plant quarantine aspects- Sanitary and Phytosanitary Systems (SPS).
08
Unit IV
Techniques for conservation of germplasm: - In-situ and Ex-situ methods of conservation,
cryopreservation of genetic material. Role of IPGRI, NBPGR, FAO, CGIAR in conservation of
germplasm. 08
Unit V
IPR and Biopiracy: Introduction, types (patent, copy right, geographical indications, trade mark and
trade secrets), PVP & FR. GATT, TRIPS and terminator technology. 10
Books Recommended
1. Biotechnology, U.Satyanarayan. Books and Allied Pvt. Ltd
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 107 of 114
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY [MSC BT 206 (C) /MSc-BT-203]
Unit-I
Plant organ, tissue and cell culture: - Somaclonal variation and its use in crop improvement, embryo
culture and its utility in hybridization programmes, Anther culture, haploid production and their uses,
micro propagation in horticultural crops and forestry and its uses, artificial seeds, techniques of
protoplast culture, regeneration and somatic cell hybridization, achievements, limitations.
08
Unit II
Methods of Gene Transfer in Plants: Agarobacterium mediated gene transfer, direct DNA,
microinjection, particle gun, electroporation. 08
Unit III
Transgenic Plants in dicots and monocots: - Utility of Transgenic in basic studies and in crop
improvement (resistance for herbicides, viruses, insects and abiotic stresses, Barnase and Barstar for
hybrid seed production), Biosafety issues including risks associated with transgenic crops, biosafety
regulations. 08
Unit IV
Molecular Farming: - Expression of nutritional value substrates in plants like seed storage proteins e.g.
Glycinin, Conglycinin, Legumin, Phytohaemaglutinin, Phaseolin, Prolamins, Albumins and Designer-
proteins, antibodies, Engineering for vitamins and Iron-Deficiency, Engineering Traits related to hybrid
seed 08
Unit V
Plant genome Programs: - Impact of genetically modified crops and genomics research in agriculture
and biology, Evaluation of Transgenic plants as to their commercial value, Efficacy and Environmental
concerns, Legislation for Transgenic plants, Economic viability of transgenic plants
08
Books Recommended
1. Applied plant biotechnology-Ignacimuthu, Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi.
2. An introduction to plant tissue culture: M .K. Razdan Elsevier publication
3. Plant tissue culture: S .S Bhojwani and M.k. Razdan Elsevier publication
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 108 of 114
GENETIC ENGINEERING [MSC BT 206 (D) /MSc-BT-204]
Unit I
Genetic Engineering: - Definition and explanation, scope of GE, Concept and importance of GE, RDT
in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Restriction enzymes, modifying enzymes, Isoschizomers and cloning
into mutagenesis, DNA Fingerprinting. 08
Unit II
Cloning and expression vectors:-Plasmid, Phage, M13, Phagemid, BAC, YAC, MAC, Expression
vectors, Use of Promoters, Expression through Strong and Regulatable Promoters, binary and shuttle
vectors 08
Unit III
Libraries and molecular probes: - Construction and Screening of genomic and cDNA libraries, BAC
libraries and assembly of BACs into contigs, Molecular probes and their preparation, labelling and
applications, Southern, Northern, Western blotting, Chromosome walking. 08
Unit IV
Polymerase Chain Reaction: - Basic principles and its modifications, designing of primers, Different
schemes of PCR, application of PCR, RACEs, Electronic PCR (e-PCR), RT- PCR, Real-Time PCR
10
Unit V
Gene Sequencing: - Different methods of gene isolation, techniques for sequencing (Maxam & Gilbert
degradation method, Sanger‘s Dideoxy method). 06
Books recommended
1. An introduction to gene technology –from genes to clones: Winnacker.
2. Principle of gene manipulation: Old and primrose.
3. Genetic Engineering: Science and ethics on new frontier: Michael Boyl Peason Education.
PRACTICAL II – MSC BT 256/MSc-BT-251
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 109 of 114
MICROBIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
MSC BT 306 (A) /MSc-BT-301
Unit I
Introduction: - Growth curve, sterilization techniques, Isolation and Characterization. Definition,
classification, sources of useful microbes and classification. 06
Unit II
Use of Microbes in food and dairy, single cell proteins, physiological aspects SCP from CO2,
waste materials and renewable resources, improvement in single cell protein production,
probiotic foods. 08
Unit III
Industrial source of enzymes: Cellulases, Xylanases, Pectinases. Amylase, Lipase and proteases:
production and applications. Commercial production of important antibiotics, amino acids,
insulin, steroids, Fermentation and production of ethanol, acetone. Butanol, glycerol, vitamins
and alkaloids. 10
Unit IV
Pollution: - Types, causes, Prevention and Control, methods of reducing environmental impacts of
chemicals, weedicides, Pesticides and fertilizers, Biotechnological advances in pollution
control through GEMs, Sewage treatment, Newer approaches to sewage treatment, treatment
of solid waste, Energy production-Bio fuels Bioremediation and pollution control through
microbes and plants 10
Unit V
Biotechnology of fermentation: Methods and types of fermentation, dual/multiple fermentation,
continuous fermentation and late nutrient addition, growth kinetics of microorganisms,
fermenter system. 06
Books Recommended
1. Biotechnology and Genomics, P. K. Gupta, Rastogi Publication, Meerut
2. Biotechnology, U.Satyanarayan. Books and Allied Pvt. Ltd.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 110 of 114
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY [MSC BT 306 (B) /MSc-BT-302]
Unit I
Introduction: - Animal Tissue and Organ Culture, Plasma clot method, Raft method, Agar-gel method,
Grid method, cyclic exposure to medium and Gas phase, advantages, limitations and application,
artificial skin 08
Unit II
Cell Culture: - Substrate and suspension culture, Culture Media, natural and artificial, initiation of cell
culture, sub-cultures, Evaluation and Maintenance of cell culture lines, Large scale culture of cell lines,
Monolayer, Suspension culture, Immobilized cultures, Somatic cell fusion, mechanism and applications,
cell culture products and their applications, Interferon‘s. 12
Unit III
Cloning: - Animal cloning, Ethical and Social Issues relating to Human cloning, Transgenic and their
applications. 06
Unit IV
IVF and Embryo Transfer: Introduction and application. Surrogacy, artificial insemination
06
Unit V
MHC and organ transplant: Graft rejection and necrosis. Stem cell preservation. 08
Books Recommended
1. Animal biotechnology -M.Ranga
2. Animal cell culture: R .I. Freshney, Wiley -Liss
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 111 of 114
IMMUNOLOGY [MSC BT 306 (C) /MSc-BT-303]
Unit I
Introduction: History, concept and scope of immunology 06
Unit II
Immunity: - Innate and Acquired immunity, Passive and Active Immunity, Lymph and organs,
Humoral and Cell Mediated immunity, Specificity and Memory, Transplantation immunity, Major
Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and Complements. 08
Unit III
Interactions: - Antigen-Antibody reactions, Antigen type-hapten, Immunoglobulin‘s (fine structure of
IGg and diversity), serological reactions, Agglutination, Precipitation, Immuno-electrophoresis, ELISA,
RIA, Immuno-electromicroscopy. 10
Unit IV
Hybridoma Technology: - Monoclonal antibody production, myeloma cell lines, Fusion of myeloma
cells without antibody producing B-cells, selection and screening methods for positive hybrids,
production, purification and characterization of monoclonal antibodies. 08
Unit V
Diseases and Vaccines: - T-cell cloning, mechanism of antigen recognition by T-and B-lymphocytes,
Genetic control of immune response, autoimmune diseases, immunodiagnosis, AIDS, types of vaccines,
strategies for the development of vaccines, infectious diseases. 08
Books recommended
1. Immunology 4th
ED: J. Kuby, W.H. Freeman.
2. Immunology: Nandini Shetty, New Age Publishers.
3. An introduction to Immunology: I.R. Tizzard.
M.Sc. all Disciplines Ordinance with Syllabus, Faculty of Science, SVSU, Meerut
Page 112 of 114
GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS [MSC BT 306 (D) /MSc-BT-304]
Unit I
Origin and Evolution of genomics: - Origin of genomics, the first DNA genomes, microcollinearity
and lack of it, DNA based phylogenetic trees, genomes and human evolution, evolution of nuclear and
organellar (mitochondrial and Chloroplast genome) 06
Unit II
Molecular maps of genomes and comparative genomics: - Genetic maps, physical maps, EST and
transcript maps, functional maps, comparative genomics and collinearity/synteny in maps.
Whole Genome sequencing: - Whole genome shotgun sequencing, clone-by-clone or ‗hiererchical
stotgun‘ sequencing. In silico methods, insertion mutagenesis (T-DNA and transport insertion),
TILLING, DNA chips and microarrays 10
Unit III
Pharmacogenomics: - Use in biomedicine involving diagnosis and treatment of diseases, genomics in
medical practice, personalized medicine, DNA polymorphism and treatment of diseases, use of SNP in
pharmacogenomics. 08
Unit IV
Quantitative and Qualitative proteome analysis technique: - Separation technique- 2D-PAGE, 2-DE
(BN-PAGE), image analysis, X-Ray crystallography, Mass- spectrometery, MALDI and SALDI,
chromatography techniques 10
Unit V
Protein interaction and Protein complex: yeast two hybrid system, protein chips and antibody
microarray 06
Books Recommended
1. Biotechnology and Genomics, P. K. Gupta, Rastogi Publication, Meerut
2. Biotechnology, U.Satyanarayan. Books and Allied Pvt. Ltd.
PRACTICAL III – [MSC BT 356 (A) /MSc-BT-351]