Post on 08-Jan-2023
University of the Philippines – Manila
College of Arts and Sciences
Ermita, Manila
Balik-Riles
A Case Study of Bagumbong, Caloocan City Resettlement
under the North-South Railways Project (NSRP)
An Undergraduate Thesis submitted to the
Department of Social Sciences
College of Arts and Sciences
University of the Philippines – Manila
As a partial requirement of DS 199.2
BA Development Studies
Submitted by:
Kenneth Christopher S. Murillo
2013-45544
Submitted to:
Prof. Roland Simbulan
Thesis Adviser
May, 2017
College of Arts and Sciences
University of the Philippines-
Manila
Padre Faura, Ermita Manila
CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL
This thesis, Balik-Riles: A Case study of Bagumbong, Caloocan City
Resettlement under the Philippine North-South Railways Project (NSRP), was
conducted by Kenneth Christopher S. Murillo as a requirement for DS 199.2 of the
Development Studies program. As a certification of completion and fulfillment of this
requirement, this research is submitted for corrections and approval.
______________________________
Professor Roland Simbulan
Thesis Adviser
Department of Social Sciences
This research has been approved and submitted as a requirement in accomplishing
and graduating with a degree of Bachelor of Arts in Development Studies.
______________________________
Professor Jerome Ong
Department Chair
Department of Social Sciences
ABSTRACT
With the repeated failures of off-city relocation programs, the in-city relocation
programs are viewed as a better solution to maintain the access of the relocatees to different
public services. However, this research disproved such notion by analyzing the case of the
Northville II-B resettlement in Bagumbong, Caloocan City under the NSRP. The issues
faced by the relocatees in the said resettlement showed that the access to necessities and
opportunities does not improve or are not maintained in in-city relocation projects. The
problematic condition in the resettlement resulted to the relocatees abandoning the
resettlement and returning to their former communities to regain their lost access to their
necessities. This case study showed the failure of our government to develop a participatory
and mass-oriented relocation program, and consider and resolve the macro-level issues that
the relocatees also face.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to the people who contributed to the success
of this research. The efforts made by the people who were involved with and supported my
research are highly appreciated as it helped me in ensuring its quality.
First of all, I would like to thank my respondents, who were very accommodating
and welcoming. The respondents of this research greatly contributed as their accounts and
narratives are the foundation and backbone of this study. Even though some were busy
with their jobs and finishing household duties, they still reserved some time for the
interviews and discussions. I would also like to give appreciation that, despite of their busy
schedules, they showed interest and determination in supporting and taking action for the
development of not only their lives, but also for the community and their fellow relocatees.
The Barangay 171 officials and personnel in Bagumbong, Caloocan City also
provided the necessary documents for my thesis (e.g. barangay profile, etc) and also offered
some aid for my data gathering. The NHA Offices in Bagong Barrio and Bagumbong
(within the Northville II-B resettlement) also provided me with necessary documents such
as maps, the resettlement profile, etc. These documents helped in providing background
information regarding the housing program and the resettlement.
I would also like to express my gratitude to my key informants: Mrs. Estrella
Mamarin (Northville II-B Homeowners’ Association President), Mr. Paul Divina
(Northville 1 Homeowner’s Association President), Mrs. Marina Bozar (Northville 1
resident, headed the Northville I chapter of Gabriela, and a KADAMAY member), the
NHA Office in Bagumbong, and Professor Alan Mesina (Professor in the Development
Studies program in the University of the Philippines-Manila, and a licensed urban planner),
for allotting their time for my interviews and accommodating me for my thesis.
Prof. John Ponsaran’s lectures on housing and resettlements in DS 126
(Governance, Social Watch, and Development) also greatly contributed in providing
insights, and ideas that further inspired me in accomplishing this thesis. He also provided
the Gender Checklist of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) on resettlements as a reading
material in our DS 126, which also helped me in my analysis for this research. It also served
as a supplementary data to back up my gathered data.
I would also like to thank my family, my relatives, and the acquaintances of my
parents who lives along the railways. Mr. Ysmael Songco, my uncle, offered me
transportation services to reduce my expenses. The De Leon and Natividad family also
helped me in gathering respondents and also referred me to Mrs. Mamarin, as she, the
president of the Homeowners’ Association President in Northville II-B, receives and
handles the complaints of the residents, and forwards them to the NHA Office within the
resettlement and also to the Barangay 171 officials to take necessary actions.
The success of this research is also due to the motivation and support of my fellow
batchmates, college friends, thesis buddies, other professors and also my highschool
friends, who were my motivators in writing this thesis. Special mention also to Ms. Mary
Joe Arada who helped me in coordinating to Mr. Walter Villegas and referred me to Ms.
Alesandria Magno and Ms. Mariell Bernadette for my interview transcriptions.
Prof. Roland Simbulan, as my thesis adviser, provided critical insights and
constructive criticisms to improve my research. He also reminded us a lot of times
regarding the purpose of our research and to whom should we dedicate our researches, to
which I dedicate this research for the Filipino masses, especially to relocatees of not only
in urban areas, but also in rural communities, who are living under substandard housing,
tokenistic resettlement programs, and oppression under state and non-state actors.
Lastly, I would like to thank and commend the efforts of the Kalipunan ng
Damayang Mahihirap who, despite of their busy schedules due to conflicts and recent
issues such as their occupation in the idle or vacant houses in Pandi, Bulacan, the disputes
in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, and also the unjust arrest of their members in Tandang
Sora,Quezon City, managed to give me an interview schedule to one of their members in
Northville 1, Ms. Marina Bozar. The mass organization, under the Anak Pawis and in
partnership with other mass organizations, continue to fight for the rights of the Filipino
masses. This research supports their courageous efforts to struggle against oppression and
to achieve genuine national development for the Filipino masses.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification of Approval ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents vi
CHAPTER I: Introduction and Research Profile 1
Introduction and Statement of the Problem 1
Research Objectives 4
Hypothesis of the Study 5
Scopes and Limitations 5
Significance of the Study 6
Review of Related Literature 8
Theoretical Framework 10
Conceptual Framework 13
Methodology 14
Research Design 14
Research Population 14
Sampling 15
Instruments used for the Study 15
Data Gathering 15
Data Analysis 16
Definition of the Variables 16
CHAPTER II Background of the Study 18
Philippine National Railways 18
National Housing Authority 20
Resettlement Program Profile 23
Resettlement & the Railways 24
CHAPTER III Data Summary & Analysis 28
Data Summary 28
Data Analysis 41
CHAPTER IV Conclusion & Recommendations 61
Conclusion 61
Research Recommendations 71
BIBLIOGRAPHY viii
APPENDIX A Sample Thesis Questions ix
APPENDIX B Transcript of Interviews with the Key Informants xiii
Transcript of Interview with Ms. Estrella Mamarin xiii
Transcript of Interview with Paul Divina and Marina Bozar xxiv
Transcript of Interview with the NHA Office in Bagumbong xxxix
Transcript of Interview with Professor Allan Mesina xliv
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION & RESEARCH PROFILE
A. Introduction and Statement of the Problem
During 2015, the National Economic and Development Agency (NEDA) approved
the joint project, the North-South Railway Project (NSRP), of the Department of
Transportation and Communications (DOTC) and the Philippine National Railways
(PNR). The NSRP aims to connect, through railways, Metro Manila, National Capital
Region (NCR) and Legaspi City, Albay. The project was officially launched on July 2015,
which was the start of the bidding process, in which the winning bidder will design,
construct, finance and operate the railway project. The Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
Center listed San Miguel Holdings Corporation, Metro Pacific Investment Corp, AC
Infrastructure Holdings Corporation, IL&FS Transport Networks Limited, and Fluor
Daniel Pacific Inc. as the prospective bidders for the NSRP.
The NSRP, aside from providing a connection of transport from Manila to Legaspi
City, includes a total of approximately 653 km. of long haul passenger railway from
Tutuban, Manila to Legaspi City, Albay, with possible extension to Matnog, Sorsogon (117
km), another possible extension would be from Calamba City, Laguna to Batangas City
(58 km). The other component of the project would be the 56-kilometer railway that would
connect Tutuban and Calamba City. Through the assertion of the PNR’s right of way,
infrastructures (such as buildings and houses) within the scope of their project would have
to be cleared.
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It was boasted by the concerning agencies that the NSRP would promote economic
inclusivity with its objective to reach the underdeveloped Southern Luzon areas such as the
Legaspi, Albay. The PPP Center (n.d.) stated that the NSRP aims to improve the transport
and logistic services to the underdeveloped regions and to encourage more productive
activities. With the improvement of the transport, there would be an easier flow of good
and service. Not to mention, the revival of the railways would cover the unserved parts,
thus, bringing a promise of an easier flow of economic activity even in areas outside of
NCR.
In preparation for the NSRP, last 14 November 2008, around 100 families are
displaced from their communities, and as a relocation offer, a resettlement was established
in the 10-hectare Northville II-B in Barangay 171, Bagumbong, Caloocan City to house
the families affected by the said project. The resettlement program was headed by the
National Housing Authority (NHA) with the cooperation of local government units (LGUs)
involved. Former Caloocan City Mayor Enrico Echiverri (2008) mentioned that the
relocation site would be close to schools and marketplaces and with access to electricity
and potable water. In addition to this, an amount of food for 3 days and financial assistance
to start businesses were provided along with the houses, measuring 32 square meters
(average lot area) and 18 square meters (floor area) each, under the resettlement program.
(Philstar, 2008) With the Executive Order 03-09, a local inter-agency was established by
Echiverri with aims to provide skills training and alternative livelihood for the relocatees.
Echiverri seated as the chairperson of the committee, with city administrator Russel
Ramirez and National Housing Authority manager Ma. Teresa Oblipias as vice
chairpersons. The livelihood committee was established in response to the deprivation of
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access to their former sources of income and livelihood (as a consequence of their
relocation from their former communities). The deprivation of access to their former jobs
might render the housing project useless, as the relocatees would still return to their former
communities or even go to other urban areas for employment and livelihood. In this
process, the houses in the resettlement are abandoned or even sold by its beneficiaries.
(PhilStar, 2009)
There are push and pull factors as to why the relocatees leave their resettlements
and opt to live in other urban areas, especially near or within their former communities.
This is very evident in the case of the Bagumbong relocatees. Their former communities,
which were along the railways covered by the PNR, are still lively in terms of economic
and social activities. Several vendors of various products such as fruits, vegetables, meat,
seafood, and other merchandises like plastic containers or buckets, slippers, condiments,
clothes and etc. Some even took advantage of the railways and devised a form of
transportation, which were called trolleys, for the convenience of other marketgoers and
other residents near the area. A trolley typically looks like an open car or a wheeled bench
that could move or slide along the railways by an external force such as winds or physical
force exerted by the person managing or controlling the trolley. In some occasions like
birthdays, wedding or baptismal receptions, prayer vigil for the dead and such, people set
up tents or sheds where they can celebrate gatherings. Despite the efforts made by several
government agencies in establishing the Bagumbong resettlement, not all of the supposed-
relocatees left their former communities, hence, this research delved into the factors that
push the people to leave the resettlement and remain in their former communities or
transfer to other urban areas that are either near their former communities or similar to the
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conditions of their former communities. Aside from these factors, other considerations
were given attention to assess effectively the resettlement. Such factors are the accessibility
to food, electricity, clean, safe, and potable water, and other utilities and public services
like Education, Healthcare, Security, and etc, the housing program conducted by the NHA,
and also the right of the residents in owning both of the house given to them, as well as the
land occupied by the provided shelter. Aside from that, the research tackled problems in
connection to these factors and in relation to the resettlement program. After the
identification and analysis of the problems, it is a must to provide alternative solutions that
would prioritize the living conditions of the relocatees both in the short term and in the
long term. Preventive solutions were proposed to avoid the problems identified by the
relocatees, while the curative solutions were proposed according to the context of the
relocatees and the specific resettlement, the Northville II-B in Bagumbong, Caloocan City,
in which, it was aimed to provide a response to the problems faced in the specified
resettlement. The proposed curative solutions are well-adapted according to the context of
the relocatees, to be able to effectively resolve the identified issues.
B. Research Objectives
General Objective: To address the problems regarding the living conditions of the
relocatees in the Bagumbong Resettlement in Bulacan under the Philippine National
Railways (PNR) project and to propose solutions or alternatives as response to these
problems and issues.
Specific Objectives:
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-To assess the accessibility of education, livelihood and employment, transportation and
other public facilities within or near the resettlement
-To assess the transportation, in terms of its accessibility and convenience to the residents
within the resettlement
-To identify the threats to the health of the residents in the community
-To assess crime and disaster safety in the area
-To identify the issues in relation to the accessibility of food, safe and clean water and
other utilities like electricity within the community
-To elaborate the problems and issues regarding the shelter, housing project, including
the ownership of property by the residents of the Bagumbong resettlement
-To propose possible solutions and alternatives (and preventive actions) as response to
the addressed issues and problems
C. Hypothesis of the Study
The fulfillment of the objectives, which is to identify and analyze the issues faced
the relocatees of the Northville II-B resettlement and to propose solutions that are either to
resolve the issues in the community or to prevent the occurrence of these issues in the
future, disproved the common notion of a mere In-city resettlement as an answer to
resettlement problems. It is believed that resettling people within the city would provide
them equal access to opportunities and public services, unlike in Off-city resettlement,
people are relocated to areas outside of their city, often to rural areas where they receive
less access to different services and necessities. However, this research disproved such
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notion and pointed out that an in-city resettlement cannot guarantee the success of the
resettlement in providing the necessities and opportunities of the relocatees, and that there
are more factors that should be considered that may be disregarded in the resettlement
programs.
D. Scope and Limitations
This research covered the issues and problems faced by the people that are related
in the offered resettlement area in Bagumbong, Bulacan, under the PNR project. The
research only covered the Northville I resettlement in Valenzuela City to cite their
experiences, however, the focus of the research still remained in the context of the
Northville II-B resettlement. The interviews are aimed towards the assessment or
evaluation of the resettlement. The assessment was concentrated to the identification and
analysis of issues and is not necessarily meant to measure the satisfaction of the relocatees
for the resettlement. Cernea’s IRR model (as discussed in the theoretical and conceptual
framework) would serve as a pattern in presenting the research, by adopting the four
functions (Predictive, Diagnostic, Research and Problem-Resolution) and integrating it in
the research to organize the data gathered, its presentation, the analysis and the proposed
solutions, however, the researcher modified and narrowed down the criteria to the
Accessibility of basic social services, Housing, Crime risks, Access to Employment and
Livelihood, and Food and Water Security. The research also discussed the issues faced by
the Filipino society at the present, in relation to the living conditions of the relocatees and
also alternative solutions and prevention of these issues.
E. Significance of the Study
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Development works are highly praised by a lot of Filipinos, however, people are
blinded to the negative impacts it may cause. Indeed, the NSRP may ease the
transportation, or may even encourage economic activity, however, there is an issue
regarding the sustainability and sufficiency of the resettlement area. The cost of
infrastructure programs is, often, community displacement which may further lead to
poverty if the resettlement program would fail to satisfy the people. Poverty, due to the
deprivation of access to different resources and public services, is not only detrimental to
the living conditions of the relocatees, also to the community as a whole. Poverty, as
expressed by Merton’s Strain theory, may push people into committing crimes in pursuit
of socially-accepted goals (wealth or means of accessibility to their necessities), due to the
deprivation by different aspects inside the resettlement area. The Asian Development Bank
(ADB) (2003), in their released Gender Checklist for Resettlement Programs, expressed
that the pressure and stress (from the failures and insufficiencies of the resettlement
program) that burdens every member of the family affected, results to the occurrence of
domestic violence within the community; by men to women and mothers to their children.
Social and moral values are continually challenged by crimes due to deprivation and
poverty, and also by disputes within the area between relocatees from different
communities with different cultures. Thus, there is a threat of disorder and deviance within
the community, if the resettlement program cannot satisfy the needs of the people nor
resolve their problems.
While the Bagumbong resettlement project is an on-site or in-city relocation
program, it is not immune to issues such as lack of accessibility to public services and
facilities, and employment. The former communities are still lively with human activity
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from the relocatees who decided to remain or stay in their homes along the railways, instead
of living in the resettlement site. It is important to study about the problems faced in the
resettlement that pushes the relocatees to return to their former communities or to other
urban areas, or what pulls them away from the resettlement site. By bringing these issues
to light, we can delve in deeper to the context of the community in the resettlement area
and how the program itself affects the people.
Hence, this research featured these issues, as a voice of these displaced
communities, who hope for a new environment or a community that would continually
sustain their needs or improve their living conditions by gaining an easier access to public
services and other opportunities. This research gave emphasis in prioritizing the
convenience and the improvement of the living conditions of the relocatees, especially
those who are members of urban poor communities. This research also wanted to point out
that a mere in-city relocation is not enough to provide the necessities and to help in
improving the lives of the relocatees. This research encouraged to recognize and consider
the other factors in developing a resettlement, since an in-city resettlement cannot merely
provide access to necessities without giving considerations to other factors and giving light
to other issues. As a response to these problems, this research proposed solutions and
alternatives with the help of the people themselves and other key informants, whose
advocacies and actions are aimed towards the rights and empowerment of the Filipino
masses.
F. Review of Related Literature
Resettlements are often done to move the informal settlers from government and
public lands to developed areas, according to Ballesteros and Egana (2012). This internal
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migration is done not only as a response to the urgency to evacuate families from danger
zones but also as a consequence or social cost of priority infrastructure programs in urban
areas. According to Ballesteros and Egana (2012), during the period 2003-2011,
resettlement programs cover 85% of the National Housing Authority (NHA)’s budget, and
96% of those who benefited are from Metro Manila and the Greater Manila Area (GMA),
which consists of Bulacan, Pampanga, Laguna, Cavite, Rizal; the other 6% percent would
be those who live outside the GMA. A huge part of this budget would go to the Housing
Support which includes the Livelihood Assistance. The Livelihood Assistance ensures the
construction of tricycle and jeep terminals, and a market or a ‘talipapa’ center. Ballesteros
and Egana also included in their evaluation study that it is also important to consider linking
these communities to skills training, job placements, scholarship programs, livelihood-
based projects including credit or loan assistance of concerned agencies. The evaluation
study expressed that there is no criteria for accessibility of employment and of social
facilities, and one possible reason is that the resettlement program itself is designed to
address these lack or scarcity of these necessities. In the case of the Tacloban resettlement
that was established in response to the catastrophe brought by the typhoon Yolanda during
2015, according to Thomas (2015) in her study in the evaluation of the resettlement
program in Tacloban, the resettlement program was not well-accepted by its beneficiaries,
for most of these beneficiaries are poor fisherfolk that would prefer living along the shores
which is close to the sea, their boats, and to nearby city markets. Thomas also mentioned
that the No-building zone policy, along with the resettlement program, lacked risk mapping
to identify other possible problems that may arise and the community may experience. She
set the case of the municipality of Guiuan in Eastern Samar as an example, wherein, they
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received assistance from international agencies for multi-hazard mapping and found out
that there are actually very few portions in their area that is considered ‘safe’. Thomas also
included that there were problems in the selection for the resettlement area for the 25
hectares that are deemed to be suitable for residential. Some of the nearby government and
public lands were rejected due to other factors in terms of their location (e.g. near a local
dump), thus there is a need to use private lands, however, the Local Government Units
(LGUs) lacked sufficient funds to do so, considering the slow arrival of national recovery
funds. The resettlement areas were also remote from town centers, former livelihoods,
schools and social networks, it is, indeed, that the LGUs reassured that livelihood programs
would be provided with the assistance of the UN Development Programme and others,
however, the fact that there is physical isolation to existing livelihood opportunities
remains and the relocation is taking place without actual and sufficient livelihood
assistance. In the case of the ADB road improvement programs (2006), the disturbance to
livelihood programs was compensated with the zonal land value, however, no livelihood
programs, establishment and subsidy of transportation were mentioned, considering that
there were 608 marginally affected families or 8.3% of all project affected families (PAFs)
and 2,414 were those with trees and perennial crops affected by the project. There was no
reassurance of market access to farmers and fisherfolks displaced to Mulanay and Nazareth
resettlements, also, the water systems were also not fully functional for the Mulanay
resettlement. The lack of access to both market and livelihood also dwindles the access to
food and other necessities of the displaced families.
Social Networking is also a concern in Thomas (2015)’ study. The women in the
Tacloban resettlements were concerned of losing contacts not only to their long-term social
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networks, but also to members of their extended families. As the Oxfam survey in Thomas’
study pointed out, these social networks are necessary as support to these women in
childcare, so these women can seek out other forms of livelihood for more income. Thus,
for the relocation to be successful, there must be equivalent opportunities and the
resettlement must be as close as possible to the original community. In addition, Thomas
(2015) also pointed out that ‘settlements’ approach, which should not just be provisions of
shelter and services to individual beneficiaries for a sustainable and well-planned human
settlement, must be embraced rather than constructing resettlements on vacant plots of
land, disregarding the access of residents to their necessities and opportunities.
There is a need for new approaches to resolve these issues and to prevent the
continued malpractice of only looking at the availability of lands but not its suitability to
sustain displaced families. Gilles (2012)’ study aims to promote the humanization of
socialized housing, encouraging participatory management in the relocation sites, and
considering socio-cultural and economic factors. Gilles (2012) recommended that available
employments must be considered and that resettlements outside Manila should be given
closer attention, considering the concentration of economic activity towards Manila and
the National Capital Region (NCR), as a whole.
G. Theoretical Framework
Gerhard Lenski (1982) coined the Status Crystallization, or alternatively known as
Status Consistency, to refer to the condition where one would have similar levels of wealth,
prestige and power, or the levels of the Weberian stratification (Weber, 1922). Lenski
(1982) claimed that if an individual is inconsistent to these levels, meaning one or two
level(s) may be significantly lower or higher to the remaining level(s), one would most
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likely feel dissatisfaction. The dissatisfaction would lead to behavior and actions that
attempt to bring back the balance, or the more favorable ‘status quo’, or strive for the
improvement of their living conditions. These actions or behavior maybe destructive or
constructive in nature. In relation to this study, we considered the Impoverishment Risks,
Risk Management and Reconstruction Model of Michael Cernea (n.d.), wherein, the levels
to be considered would be Landlessness, Joblessness, Homelessness, Marginalization,
Food insecurity, Increased morbidity, Loss of access to common property resources and
Community disarticulation, however, the researcher would narrow down these categories
to: Accessibility of basic social services (education, transportation, healthcare), Housing
(which will include the security of tenure status in lands and in their homes), Housing
safety and geohazards (which may also be assessed with the presence of geohazard maps
in the area, as well as facilities and equipment, in case of disasters), Crime risks, Access to
Employment and Livelihood, and Food and Water security.
Since the research is designed as Participatory Action Research, the respondents or
the relocatees themselves would have direct involvement in the four functions as suggested
by Cernea’s model. First would be the Predictive function, which includes the risks and
problems the relocatees would think they experience judging with their experiences in
living in the resettlement. Second would be the Diagnostic function, in which the problems
would be explained and assessed by their impacts to the relocatees, and third would be the
Problem-Resolution function, which would aim to bring out alternatives and solutions to
the addressed problems, and lastly, the Research function. The last function would deal
with the linkages. In this study, the former communities and the resettlement are compared
to give light as to why some of the relocatees refuse to live in the resettlement and maintain
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their lives in their former communities. The comparison, along with the context within the
resettlement, showed a gap of opportunities between the two areas. This dissatisfaction in
the inconsistency of the levels of opportunities (which are the categories considered in this
study) represented the Status inconsistency of the resettlement area. Wealth is not limited
to the financial aspects of an individual or household, it may also include their access to
their necessities and opportunities. Power defines the security of their access to their
necessities and opportunities (for example, land ownership or tenured status in the
resettlement), and lastly, Prestige or social status which defines the position of an
individual or household in the community.
The research also considered the context of the resettlement as a part of a bigger
picture, the present Filipino Society. According to the Structuration theory by Anthony
Giddens, to understand and analyze a community, one must not rely on studying it in micro-
level or macro-level alone. The interplay of both micro and macro perspectives must be
used to effectively understand and explain the context of the Bagumbong resettlement. The
Bagumbong relocatees also experience the problems faced by Filipinos at the present, these
issues interplay with the issues brought by the relocation program. It is also a question of
what is development in the context of the modern Filipino society. Who benefits? What
actions should be done by our government? Who shall be served? and Development should
be for whom?
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H. Conceptual Framework
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study
As explained in the theoretical framework, this research have 4 functions patterned
to Cernea’s IRR model. In the Predictive function, the problems which are categorized to
Food and Water Security, Accessibility of Social Services, Housing, Crime and Disaster
Risks, and Employment and Livelihood were identified. The identification was predictive
in a sense that the respondents suggested future issues that their community would
experience if the status quo is maintained. The Diagnostic Function explained the identified
problems deeper, or how these issues impacted them, what other problems may arise, and
the opinion of the relocatees regarding the root cause of the problem. This function also
tackled the comparison between the resettlement and their former communities in terms of
the opportunities and accessibility of necessities. The gap of these opportunities due to the
insufficiencies were the status inconsistencies that causes dissatisfaction to the relocatees.
These first two functions were covered under the Data Analysis, which presented the
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narratives regarding the living conditions of the relocatees, and also featured the living
conditions on the railways to give comparisons on the accessibility of opportunities and
public services in both areas. The Problem-Resolution function suggested both long term
and short term solutions in response to these problems. It also covered ‘what should be
done’ to prevent the same issues from occurring again. The Research function is prevalent
throughout the functions as it keeps on connecting the concepts from the data gathered,
identifying the patterns and linkages, and contributing further insights which is done by
both of the researcher and the respondents. These latter two were covered in the Conclusion
which sewed the ideas together, incorporated the theories, and proposed alternative
solutions which are curative (according to the context and necessities of the Bagumbong
resettlement) and preventive (to be applied for future housing programs, to avoid problems
and insufficiencies in resettlement areas).
I. Methodology
a.Research Design
This research focused on the data gathered that are narratives from 2 areas (namely,
the resettlement and the former community), and used the case study design. The design
and approach of Participatory action research was utilized to ensure the reliability of the
primary data, as well as to ensure that the alternatives and resolutions provided would
follow the principle of bottom-up approach in terms of program planning and
policymaking, thus, also ensuring that the solutions suggested are formulated by the
respondents themselves as they would analyze their situation further. Meanwhile, the data
gathered in the Northville I resettlement in Valenzuela City only served as supplementary
data.
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b. Research Population
The target respondents were both of the residents of the Bagumbong Resettlement, and
those who are either registered but refuse to live in the resettlement area, or those who
chose to reject the resettlement offer. To avoid sensitivity and consent issues in terms of
age, the target respondents were 18 years old or above.
c. Sampling
Random Sampling, together with Snowball sampling, was used in gathering respondents
for the study. This is in order to gather more qualified respondents without compromising
the validity of the data.
d. Instruments used for the study
Non-standardized interviews were used to gather narratives from the residents of
both the resettlement and the former communities. Key Informant Interviews (KII) were
used to gather statistics, and other data that would back up and testify the narratives, and
also to provide background information regarding the area. Focused group discussions
(FGD) were also essential in community-building and deepening the knowledge of the
issue by thoroughly discussing it and letting the members of the community raise opinions
that are relevant in identifying, explaining and resolving the addressed issues.
e. Data Gathering
To gather data from the respondents, interviews with the relocatees, focused group
discussions, key informants were conducted. The individual interviews, focused group
discussions and key informants are encouraged as the narratives of the respondents
17
themselves hold significant data that cannot be extracted by a detailed or planned
questionnaire. Furthermore, interviews and discussions opened more issues and problems
in relation with the resettlement that should be given attention.
f. Data Analysis
The case study was divided into two areas, one focused in the resettlement and the
other in their former communities which were situated along the railroads covered by the
said project and within Caloocan City. The responses of the respondents from each areas
were consolidated and summarized in a matrix to effectively represent the data collected.
The analysis of the data sorted and consolidated the responses into: Education, Livelihood,
Crime & Disaster Safety, Transportation, Health, Accessibility of Food, Potable and Safe
Water and Utilities, and Housing & Land Ownership, while the conclusion answered the
problems presented in the analysis with alternative solutions that can be preventive or
curative.
With the Cernea’s model, the Data Analysis (Chapter 3) is the Predictive function
(narratives about the identification of problems and future problems that may arise), and
the Diagnostic function (the analysis to the problems identified in the Predictive Function
which were categorized into: Food & Water Security, Accessibility of Social Services,
Housing, Crime and Disaster Risks, and Employment and Livelihood, and also the
utilization of matrix or tables to give comparisons between the Bagumbong resettlement
and the former communities) of the research. While Chapter 4, the Conclusion was the
Linkages or the Research function (consolidated and connected these issues in a bigger
picture and how these issues affects the relocatees), and the Problem-Resolutions Function
18
(the response against the presented issues, or the alternative solutions which were curative
or preventive).
J. Definition of the Variables
Bagumbong Resettlement Area – this is the finished housing project under the NSRP for
the displaced informal settlers along the railroads. This research used the terms Bagumbong
Resettlement Area and Northville II-B Resettlement Area interchangeably.
Food Security – According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, ND), under
the United Nations (UN), it is having physical, social and economic access to sufficient
and nutritious food that is necessary to the needs and preferences of the people to have an
active and healthy lifestyle.
Water Security – According to the UN-Water (2013), it is having a sustainable access to
safe, clean and potable water in adequate and sufficient amounts to satisfy the necessities
in terms of livelihoods, well-being and socio-economic development.
Accessibility of services – Similar to food security, it is having physical, social and
economic access to basic social services such as healthcare, transportation, and education.
This included the quality of the said services, and how convenient and useful the quality
of these services to the relocatees, or the impact of the scarce or lack of these services to
the relocatees.
Crime and Disaster risks safety – There must be a presence of committees or organizations
that would prioritize the security of the people such as the police force (in terms of crime)
and also rescue teams (in terms of disaster). These committees must have programs to
educate people in managing and protecting themselves during urgent times, as well as
19
having equipment such as handcuffs, lifeboats, and first aid kits, that may either be well-
accessible or the relocatees already own some of these equipment for their emergency use.
Housing – the design of the houses must be according to the lifestyle of the families who
would live in these houses. The design must allow enough space and good ventilation so
as not to compromise the health of the family. In terms of structure, the technique,
processes and materials utilized must be advanced enough to ensure the durability of the
houses. Cracks forming on walls and on the floor may also be a sign of weakening of the
structure of the house, thus, these must also be addressed properly.
Relocatees – these are the residents of the former communities who are affected in the
NSRP, thus, as an alternative to their former home that are demolished for the development
project, a housing project is done as a response to their displacement.
CHAPTER II
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RAILWAYS (PNR)
The PNR is one of the most important medium of transportation in Philippines.
Throughout the history, it also triggered economic activity as it served as carrier of products
to its different destinations from La Union to the Bicol region. Under the Presidential
Decree No. 741, the PNR is a corporation owned by the Philippine Government, and
currently PNR is under the supervision of the DOTC. The PNR Network is divided into
two lines, first is the 266-km North Line from Manila to San Fernando, La Union (with 55-
km branch line from Tarlac to Nueva Ecija). Second is the 478-km South Line from Manila
to Legaspi City, Albay (with 5-km branch line from San Pedro, Laguna to Carmona,
20
Cavite). However, not all parts of these lines are fully operational, as mentioned by
Anasarias (2003), 478-km from Manila to Legaspi City, 5-km branch line from Laguna to
Cavite and 6-km main line from Manila (Tayuman) to R-10, North Harbor Area are in
operation, the rest are unused because, in some part, the railways are already neglected or
are unfit, as some are too narrow to allow safe and efficient transport. The PNR has Long
distance Passenger Service which travels between Manila and Legaspi City, it has 4 trains
that fulfill the service daily (two trains travels from Manila to Legaspi City and the other
two travels from Legaspi City to Manila), 2 of these trains are air-conditioned and are using
second-hand passenger coaches donated by the East Japan Railway Company (JREast). 26
trips by commuter trains are operated daily, 4 of which are between Manila and Carmona,
20 trips between Manila and Alabang (which uses air-conditioned and second-hand
passenger coaches donated by the JREast. The PNR also offers limited cargo services that
can carry products and additional coaches for baggage brought by the passengers.
PNR declined in its quality service in 1979, when it lost 50 million pesos, according
to NEDA (n.d.). The following year, the expenses for PNR increased that its revenue can
no longer sustain its increased expenses. Despite the active funding from the government,
PNR decreased its services due to its continuing loss in revenues. The northern scope of
the railway network services was cut-down or limited to Tarlac, after the Dagupan terminal
was closed. The closing of terminals was most likely due to high operational costs but low
quality of maintenance, natural disasters and phenomena such as floods may also contribute
to the disintegration of railway structures and disruption to its services. NEDA also blames
the poor governance, neglect to maintenance and carelessness in the operation of the lines
between Manila and Dagupan, and Manila and Tarlac. Because of the low quality of
21
services, people prefer to use other forms of transportation such as buses, jeepneys, trucks,
etc.
According to Anasarias (2003), an effective railway system connects the rural areas
to urban, thus, products from rural areas reach and circulate within urban areas, allowing
the rural folks to earn income from their own products, or to access opportunities in urban
areas. To improve the services, maintenance, as well as improvements, must be done.
These are in form of railways extension, rebuilding the railways, improving the railways
technology and also providing new and faster trains for a more efficient transport. For
railroad extensions, the PNR owns real estates that can be utilized in extending and
widening the rail networks. However, these lands are now where informal settlers live and
start their livelihood.
NATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY (NHA)
NHA is mandated to provide housing especially to low-income families. It was
organized as a government-owned and-controlled corporation by virtue of Presidential
Decree No. 757. This was the second attempt of the government to integrate housing efforts
into one agency. P.D. 757 abolished other housing agencies that are established to respond
to separate and distinct housing requirements (Presidential Assistant on Housing and
Resettlement Agency (PAHRA), Tondo Foreshore Development Authority (TFDA),
Central Institute for the Training and Relocation of Urban Squatters (CITRUS),
Presidential Committee for Housing and Urban Resettlement (PRECHUR), Sapang Palay
Development Committee (SPDC), Inter-Agency task Force to Undertake the Relocation of
Families in Barrio Nabacaan, Villanueva, Misamis Oriental.) and the People’s Homesite
and Housing Corporation (PHHC), which resulted from the merging of two housing
22
agencies; the Philippine Homesite Corporation (PHC) and the National Housing
Commission (NHC). 3 years after the establishment of NHA, 1978, the Ministry for Human
Settlements was organized to adopt a wholistic approach to housing, thus, NHA is attached
to MHS. However, Executive Order No. 10 abolished MHS and placed NHA under the
supervision of the Office of the President. 17 December 1986, NHA was under the
supervision of Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC) which
is an umbrella agency dedicated to shelter and functions by coordinating with various
government housing agencies engaged in production, finance and regulation. Through the
mandate of the Executive Order 195, issued on December 31, 1999, the focus of NHA
would be on socialized housing and the implementation of a comprehensive and integrated
housing development and resettlement.
Mandate Issued Date Description
PD 757 July 31, 1975 The NHA must develop and implement a
comprehensive and integrated housing program
which includes:
-housing development and resettlement
-sources and schemes of financing
-delineation of government and private sector
participation
EO 90 December 17, 1986 As a sole national agency, the NHA must focus on
the housing needs of the lowest 30% of the urban
population
23
RA 7279 March 24, 1992 NHA must provide technical and other forms of
assistance to local government units (LGUs) in
implementing housing programs, this includes
identifying, acquiring and configuring potential
lands for socialized housing and to give aid or
support in relocating the families, in cooperation
with the LGUs
RA 7835 December 08, 1994 NHA must implement the National Shelter Program
-Resettlement Program
-Medium Rise Public and Private Housing
-Cost Recoverable Programs
-Local Housing Program
EO 195 December 31,1999 The NHA must focus on socialized housing and
must implement a comprehensive and integrated
housing development and resettlement.
-more efficient in determining and developing
government lands that are deemed suitable for
housing
-Improving collection efficiency to ensure the
sustainability of socialized housing funds
Table 1: The History of Mandates of the National Housing Authority (NHA)
As of 2017, the mission of NHA remains ‘to provide decent, adequate, and
affordable housing to low-income families, ensure the provision of community facilities,
24
utilities, and access to social services and economic opportunities’ and carrying a vision of
providing 50% of the housing needs of homeless low-income families, by 2019, especially
those living in waterways, danger zones and government infrastructure project sites. With
the NSRP Project, the NHA must establish a resettlement and provide housing to people
following their mission, mandate and their vision as part of their long term goal. In-city
relocation is viewed as a key to a more efficient resettlement program, due to the repeated
failures of off-city resettlement programs, which isolated the relocatees from accessing
their necessities. The idea of in-city resettlement is that, there is no significant change in
the access of an individual to their necessities, since they are still situated at the same city
they lived in. Adapting will not be hard too, since they are still in the same city, just in a
different area, or barangay. It is thought that in-city resettlement will not limit the access
of the relocatees from other public services and resources. However, this research
disproved such notions, by presenting the issues that the relocatees in Northville II-B
resettlement face. The efficiency of a resettlement program does not only rely on the
distance between the resettlement and the places of origin of the relocatees (These issues
were tackled deeper in Chapter 3 and 4, which presented the cases or accounts of the
relocatees and the analysis on their cases).
THE RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM PROFILE
The Northville II-B resettlement in Bagumbong covers former residents from
Samson Road, Sangandaan to Guido Street Boundary of Caloocan and Manila (21
Barangays and 5.3 km in length). In total, 2880 households are affected and 2187 of which
are qualified for the socialized housing. In 2187 households, 1959 were relocated within
the city (Northville II-B, Bagumbong, Caloocan City), 210 families were relocated outside
25
of the city (Northville 5A, Barangay Caysio, Sta. Maria, Bulacan) and 18 families chose to
avail the Balik-Probinsya Program. The Balik-Probinsya Program, according to the NHA
Office in Bagumbong, is in partnership with the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD), wherein, people are given tickets for transport to return to their
respective provinces. The LGUs may give financial assistance to people who chose to avail
the Balik-Probinsya Program. The relocation period in Northville II-B started on
November 11, 2008 until May 25, 2009.
The total land area for development is 108,644.06 sq. m., 60.43% of which is
allotted for residential purposes and the remaining is for the construction of public
facilities. The community development features concrete road networks with sidewalk
curbs and gutters for major roads, underground reinforced concrete culvert pipes with
drainage outfall, 88 shallow wells for water supply, power lines by Meralco (76 Meralco
posts and 359 private poles installed) and individual septic tanks. 2200 lots were generated
for the program, with an average lot size of 30 sq. m. and an average house area of 20 sq.
m. (4.00 m. x 5.00 m), both individual house and lot amounts to Php. 175,000. The land
was privately owned and developed by K-bon Construction Corp. and acquired by NHA
to be used for the resettlement program. The payment for the land was loaned from the
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), thus, the socialized housing was not provided for free
and must be paid to settle the loan. The housing interests and penalties, meanwhile, serve
as additional revenue to fund more housing projects.
THE NORTHVILLE II-B RESETTLEMENT PROFILE AND THE 10TH AVENUE
RAILWAYS
26
Bagumbong is the biggest barangay in Caloocan City with its total land area of
more or less 775 hectares and also an increasing population of 100,000 more or less. At its
North, lies Meycauayan, Bulacan and Phase 9 Bagong Silang, while Barangay 168 Deparo
defines the South border. Bignay and Valenzuela lies at the west part of Bagumbong and
Barangay 173 in Novaliches and 175 in Camarin occupies the right part. Since 2013,
Romeo I. Rivera seated as the chairperson or head of the barangay.
The area is well-developed with cemented roads and robust economic activity due
to different businesses in the area. In total, there are 104 subdivisions/villages/compounds
within the borders of the barangay. The Bagumbong Health Center have outreaches in 8
sites within the community. Aside from the barangay hall and health centers, other
available public and private facilities include churches, resorts, cemeteries, schools,
institutions (such as the Tahanang Mapagpala Center, a social adjustment center for street
children, and a Social Development Center for special protection for female children) and
a marketplace in Villa Crystal.
CHURCHES
St. Francis Sub-Parish (Shelterville)
Our Lady of Immaculate Conception
Sub-Parish (Bankerville)
Union Ville
Evergreen Executive Village
San Lorenzo Ruiz Sub-Parish (Rainbow
Ville 5 and in Kingstown)
RESORTS
Gubat sa Ciudad
Villa Celedonia
Don Antonio Union Ville
Villa Florentina
Kids Playland
Prado
Villa Antonia
27
Sta. Cruz Sub-Parish (Bagumbong Road)
Tierra Nova Main
CEMETERIES
Serenity Memorial Park
Philippine Memorial Park
SCHOOLS
St. Dominique Academy
Perpetual Help Academy
St. Benedict School of Novaliches
Mystic Rose Learning Center
Escuela De Sophia Inc.
Ridgewood Academy
Bagumbong High School
Bagumbong Elementary School
Bagumbong High School Annex
Bagumbong Elementary School Annex
Divine Love Day Care Center
Young Achiever School of Caloocan
Our Lord’s Angel School
Table 2: List of available public and private facilities within Barangay 171, as indicated by
the Barangay 171 Profile (retrieved on February, 2017)
A few kilometers from the barangay hall would be Northville II-B or one of the
resettlement areas established, under NHA, due to the displacement of communities along
the scope of the NSRP. According to the NHA Office in Bagumbong (2017), the land was
originally privately-owned and bought by the local government of Caloocan, in order to
fulfill the wishes of its people to be relocated within the city. The money used to buy the
28
then-private land was loaned from the BSP. The land was given to the LGU with only a
proper sewage system, but no available electricity or water services. The housing costs
Php. 175,000 and with the help of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating
Council (HUDCC) the housing costs was decreased to Php. 140,000. In total, two contracts
were given to the relocatees: one contract was for the housing and the other for the land or
occupied lot. Both contracts are Loan Agreements that serves as proofs of the legitimacy
of the relocatees as beneficiaries who are given rights to occupy and live inside the
resettlement area.
At the present, the Northville II-B in Barangay 171, Bagumbong, Caloocan City,
managed to get water services (through Maynilad but with a contracting company or
concessionaire, IWADCO), and electricity (through Meralco). Multipurpose areas, such as
the basketball court, can be used as alternative locations for daycare services, religious
activities, entertainment purposes, and also for community programs and seminars. People
set-up stores in front of their home to sell different products such as seafood, meat, dairy
products, fruits, and vegetables. Cooked foods are also sold as well as other products. There
are also computer shops with printing, photocopying and other services.
In 10th Avenue, Caloocan City, along the railways, the place is brimming with
economic activity all day long. The railways itself served as another marketplace or an
extension of the 10th Avenue market. Near the railways is a busy road and several tricycle
terminals that allows a very easy access for transportation. There are also numerous
nurseries and school near the railways, like the Caloocan Central Elementary School and
Caloocan High School. Colleges or universities are also near with the University of the
East (UE), University of Caloocan City (UCC), STI Caloocan, Emmanuel John Institute of
29
Science and Technology (EJIST) in Grace Park, Caloocan City which also offers TESDA
or Vocational courses. For churches, there are numerous chapels nearby such as the chapel
established in the basketball court in M. Hizon Street, and also the San Roque Parish and
the Our Lady of Grace Parish in Grace Park, Caloocan City. There are also malls nearby
such as Ever Supermarket Caloocan, Victory Mall, and North Mall and also food
establishments such as Jollibee, Mang Inasal, Mcdonalds, KFC, and other franchises or
small food shops, eateries or food stalls. For healthcare, there are several clinics and
laboratories nearby, such as the Primelab Inc and other private clinics and also the local
health centers in different barangays, such as in Barangay 63. President Diosdado
Macapagal Memorial Medical Center (PDMMMC), now called the Caloocan City Medical
Center, is a well-known public hospital among Caloocan 10th Avenue residents, although
the hospital is also known for its scarcity in equipment and dismal services. The name
change was due to the people calling it as ‘Diosdedo Macapatay-Tao Memorial Medical
Center’ which emphasizes the irony that the hospital ‘kills rather than cures’. From the
railways, once can reach the Caloocan City Hall with a single jeepney ride. The different
facilities can be easily reached because of the easy access to transportation. Even Police
officers are easy to contact with the Judicial Hall located beside the railways. The railways
is always brimming with economic and social activity, however, crimes, floods and other
health risks still pose as a threat to these communities. Fights between gangs or fraternities,
although rare, can still involve innocent civilians, train accidents still remain as a threat.
Additionally, there are health risks from stagnant water canals that might cause illnesses
and diseases, especially when children play along the canals without adult supervision.
30
CHAPTER III
DATA SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS
DATA SUMMARY
Responde
nt/Age/
Present
Work
Education Livelihoo
d
Crime and
Safety
Transportati
on
Health Accessibility to
Electricity,
Clean and
Potable Water
and Food
Housing Other Issues Proposed Solutions
Edna
Mayrina,
68
-
Beautician
in 10th
Avenue,
Caloocan
City
-Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Private
daycare
-No TESDA
programs
-No
livelihood
programs
-No job
fairs
-Murder,
Robbery
and Theft
-the police
and the
barangay
tanod
seldom
make
rounds in
the
community
-No
educational
programs
regarding
crime and
disaster
safety
within the
community-
No
casualties so
far in the
-easy to
travel and
find public
vehicles,
however
tricycle fare
is expensive
- nearby
tricycle
(walking
distance)
and jeepney
(reached
through
tricycle or
by taking a
walk)
terminals
-regular and
weekly
system of
garbage
disposal
-no nearby
public
hospitals
(only private-
Ambulance
can be
borrowed
from the
barangay with
a fast response
rate
-Nearby
health center
with
accessible
community
health
programs
-No problems
with the
accessibility to
potable water
and electricity
-No problems in
the payment for
these utilities,
-food is
accessible,
-Satisfied with
the size and
structure of the
house
- they have to
spend in order
to strengthen
and improve the
house
-30 years of
payment with
additional 100
per year.
-Php. 1,000 was
given as
compensation,
along with
grocery
-satisfied with
the housing
payment and the
compensation
-No land title,
since it will be
-NA- -Livelihood for the
people
-Livelihood was
promised in the
resettlement program
but it hasn’t been
fulfilled yet
-Access to credit and
loans in order to start
and fund small
businesses
31
past
typhoons
-no
evacuation
center
-no
emergency
equipment
- heatstroke
and heart
attack among
old people
given after
finishing the
whole payment
for the program
Teodora
Ermino,
42
-
housewife
, husband
is a
tricycle
driver in
10th
Avenue,
Caloocan
City
-Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Private
daycare
-No TESDA
programs
-No
livelihood
programs
-Unjust
death due to
the Oplan
Tokhang,
drug crimes
and rape
then
-The police
often make
rounds
-there are
crime and
disaster
safety
programs
(thru
barangay)
-Floods
occur near
the creek
-schools as
evacuation
centers
-no
emergency
equipment
-Tricycle
terminals
are easy to
access,
unlike
jeepneys
-
Satisfactory
pricing
system for
transportatio
n
-Satisfactory
Garbage
Disposal
system
-no nearby
public
hospitals
-Health center
with complete
equipment
--Health
programs such
as free
vaccines are
often accessed
through the
barangay
-Utilities have a
satisfactory
accessibility in
terms of quality,
and payment
-the size and
structure of the
house is
sufficient for the
family
- not strong
enough to
withstand
pressures
-land title is
given after 30
years of
payment
-NA- -there should be more
jobs to increase the
employment
-livelihood should be
promoted as a source
of income for the
people
Gwyneth
David, 52
-buy and
sale
vendor in
--Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
-no
livelihood
programs
- no
available
slots or
-No serious
crimes that
often
happen in
the
community
-Public
vehicles are
easy to
access with
satisfactory
and
-Satisfactory
Garbage
Disposal
system,
- minimum
payment for the
water services,
-failure to give
payment for a
month would
-The size and
structure of the
housing is
sufficient for the
family
Starvation due
to lack of source
of income or
work
People must be
provided with
livelihood or jobs,
because the without
any source of income,
deviance may occur
32
the
railways
distance and
within the
community)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
-No daycare
-Some
residents
already
registered in
TESDA
booths for
them in
the market
-nearby
factories
hire
workers
according
to their
skills
-Police and
barangay
tanods make
rounds
within the
community
-Crime and
Disaster
Safety
programs
(thru
barangay)
-Floods
occur near
the creek
-Schools as
evacuation
centers
-no
emergency
equipment
reasonable
fares
- nearby
transport
terminals
-No nearby
public
hospitals
- nearby
health center
(w/ active
personnel)
- dengue cases
-Public health
programs
(thru
barangay)
-health risks
during
summer
lead to the
disconnection of
the resident’s
water services
-No significant
problems
regarding
electricity and
other utilities
-there are mini-
markets within
the community
where food can
be accessed,
however, the
prices would be
a bit higher
since some
suppliers are far
from the
resettlement
area.
-the house is
strong enough
to withstand
pressures
-Land title still
not yet available
and can only be
availed after the
completion of
the payment
-Php. 1,000 is
given as
compensation
for the program
Lilia
Perlas, 49
-fish and
vegetable
vendor in
the
railways
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-Costly
daycare
expenses
-rental
fees in the
talipapa
(plus other
fees for
utilities).
-Theft and
Robbery
-Police and
barangay
tanods make
rounds,
however,
this doesn’t
guarantee
safety at all
times.
-Floods near
the creek
are usually
as deep as
half of the
house.
-transport is
easy to
access
-Tricycle
terminals
are a bit far ,
while
jeepney
terminals
are better to
be accessed
via tricycle
- Costly
fares
-No nearby
hospitals
-slower
response rate
for
ambulance,
-the health
center does
not have
complete
equipment
- often heat
strokes and
heart attacks
during
summer
-Satisfactory
Garbage
-Satisfactory
utility services
-Payment for
water services is
based on the
amount of
consumption
-the size and
structure of the
house is
sufficient for the
family
-the relocatees
strengthened the
raw house with
their own
resources
-People are
obligated to pay
for the housing
-the Php. 1,000
compensation is
not enough to
fulfill and
satisfy the
-Starvation, if a
person does not
have any work
or a relative that
can help.
- the continuous
borrowing of
money leaves
the person
buried and tied
with debt
-people must have
access to credit or
loans that can give
them sufficient capital
to start a business
-stalls in the market
must not be rented
33
-Evacuation
center is
still under
construction
-the
basketball
court and
schools can
also be used
as
evacuation
centers
-no
emergency
equipment
Disposal
system
necessities of
the people in the
long term.
-According to
some, others
have received
greater amount
of compensation
-Land title is not
yet available
and can only be
availed after
finishing the
payment.
Natividad
Makaran
with Lina
Lambino,
Unspecifi
ed Ages
-Natividad
works as a
dressmake
r in
Bagumbo
ng, She
was a
dressmake
r too
(before
being
relocated)
in Grace
Park (10th
Avenue)
and owns
a beauty
parlor (but
abandone
-Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
(K-12)
-college
students in
the area go
to
Novaliches
and other
cities.
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Nearby
private
daycare
-
livelihood
programs
are not
accessible
to
everyone
-Police and
barangay
tanods make
rounds in
the
community
-conflicts
and fights
against
neighbors
-No serious
crime that
often
happen in
the
community
-floods
occur near
the creek
-crime and
disaster
safety
programs
(thru
barangay)
-Nearby
terminals of
jeepneys
and tricycle
with
reasonable
prices/ fares
-Nearby
health center
-No nearby
Public
hospitals -
Children
mostly catch
common colds
while the
elderly
population are
vulnerable to
stroke and
high blood
-Children in
Natividad’s
family had
dengue cases
inside the
Bagumbong
resettlement
-disconnection
to different
utilities is quite
common, due to
the failure in
payments
- sometimes the
water appears to
be rusty or
unclear
- because of the
poor quality of
water at certain
times, some
residents opt to
buy mineral
water from
water stations
inside the
community
-The size and
structure of the
house is
sufficient for the
family (but not
for a big family)
-the house
cannot
withstand great
pressures
-Land titles are
still not yet
available for
those who are
not yet fully
paid in the
housing
program. The
payment also
increases due to
interests.
-applying for
jobs is a bit hard
for someone
with incomplete
job
requirements
-the completion
of required
documents for
job application
may cost Php.
1,000-3,000
-some remain
unemployed
since they gave
up in looking
for jobs
-the housing should
be provided for free
-more factories near
the resettlement
-job hiring as
sponsored or referred
by the barangay
34
d it after
being
relocated)
(pblic
daycare can
be accessed
in the
barangay)
-No TESDA
programs
-schools
serve as
evacuation
center
-emergency
equipment
(thru
barangay)
-Easy entry
of
ambulance
and
firetrucks
Erlinda
Natividad,
68
-
unemploy
ed,
sometimes
she return
to her
house in
Bagumbo
ng but she
also lives
with her
son in 10th
ave.
Caloocan
City
-Block
leader and
an ethics
committee
member
of their
cooperativ
e
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
(still haven’t
adopted the
K-12
program)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Nearby
private
daycare and
nursery
(kinder
grade is
already
available in
the public
-Training
programs
(under
NHA) are
only
conducted
in the past
And are
not
accessible
for
everyone
-Money,
for
capital, is
provided
by none
other than
the
residents,
themselve
s
- job fairs
in the past
are mostly
targeted
for the
-no
casualties
from past
typhoons
-cases of
drowning in
the creek
-unjust
killings due
to the Oplan
Tokhang
-Robbery
and rape
-the
barangay
tanods only
make
rounds until
12 midnight
-slow
response
rate from
the
barangay
-No crime
and disaster
security
programs
-access to
transport is
fairly easy
-satisfactory
garbage
disposal
-every
Wednesday, a
doctor is
available in
the health
center
-3
grandchildren
had dengue at
the same time
and was
followed by
another two
- some
hospitals
prioritizes
their locals
-public health
programs for
senior citizens
and children
-health
workers make
rounds in the
community in
-At first, they
only used
candles and
deepwells since
the community
lacks water and
electricity
services
-payment for
water services is
done by the
cooperative
-the minimum
payment for
water services is
Php 210 for 7
cubic. A
consumption of
8 and 9 cubic is
considered as 10
cubic with a
payment of Php
320 plus shared
capital plus
system loss
-the deep well,
back then,
produce
-in the past,
NHA prohibited
the selling or
renting out of
houses
-the design and
structure of the
housing is
sufficient for the
family (but not
for big families)
-the residents
are the ones
who fixed and
strengthened the
house
-Php. 1,000 was
given as
compensation
by the NHA
-30 years of
payment for the
housing
-land titles still
not yet available
-30 years to pay
- because of the
poor living
conditions in the
Bagumbong
resettlement
-conflicts
between people
with different
place of origin
-the barangay
hall is a bit far
from the
resettlement
area
-almost half of
the houses in
the area are
occupied by
registered
relocatees while
some already
sold or rented
out their houses
and returned to
their former
community
(along the
railways)
35
elementary
school)
-No TESDA
programs
unemploy
ed youth,.
-no nearby
talipapa
-the main
road is the
most
conducive
location
for selling
goods
- schools as
evacuation
centers
-emergency
equipment
(thru
barangay)
conducting
health
programs
yellowish and
oily water
-Satisfactory
service for
utilities
-at first, there
were only few
nearby stores or
food stalls
Maria
Evelyn
Resurrecci
on, 57
-Laundry
in 10th
Avenue,
Caloocan
city
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Nearby
daycare (but
no clue
regarding
the fees)
-No TESDA
programs
within the
community
-4Ps, as a
livelihood
program,
does not
cover all
the
residents
in the area
-No
available
slots in
the
talipapa
-
occasional
ly, NHA
posts job
hiring
-Unjust
killings due
to Oplan
Tokhang
-Police and
Barangay
tanods are
helpful in
resolving
issues and
often make
rounds in
the
community
-crime and
disaster
safety
programs
(thru
barangay)
-Floods
occur near
the creek
- schools as
evacuation
center
- emergency
equipment
(thru the
barangay)
-easy access
to
transportatio
n terminals
and fair
prices or
fares
-Satisfactory
Garbage
Disposal
system
-Common
colds are
common,
especially
during
summer
-free check-
ups and
medicines in
the nearby
health center
-No nearby
public
hospitals
(only private
ones)
-Ambulance
can be
accessed
through the
barangay but
with a slow
response rate
-No water and
electricity
services, at first
-Water is
through
NAWASA and
can be suitable
for drinking
-there’s a
minimum pay
for water
services
-usually
-eateries and
food stalls are
available in the
community,
with reasonable
prices of at least
Php. 15-20
-low roofing of
the house
cannot protect
the people from
intense heat (no
proper
insulation
either)
-size and
structure of the
house is
sufficient for the
family and can
be increased
with additional
payments
-the raw house
cannot
withstand great
pressures
-Land titles can
only be availed
after finishing
the payment for
the housing
-NA- -market within the
community
36
Mary Jane
Natividad,
28
-sells
foods
(snacks,
sandwiche
s and
meals) in
the
railways
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Private
daycare
-No TESDA
programs
-the
resettleme
nt area is
far from
people’s
jobs
-No
livelihood
programs
- no
available
slots in
the
talipapa
-no nearby
marketpla
ce
-drug
addiction,
rape and
murder
-some
crimes are
ignored
-overflow of
water in the
creek results
to floods
-
multipurpos
e hall within
the
community
serves as
evacuation
center
-Nearby
transport
terminals
but with
costly fares
-Nearby
health center
with complete
equipment
-Satisfactory
Garbage
Disposal
system
-Medical
missions that
are not
accessible for
some
- certain days
are allotted for
dental check-
ups, maternal
health and
vaccination
-Water,
sometimes,
appear to be
rusty
-Expensive
payments for
utilities
-disconnection
to electricity
services due to
failure to pay
within 2 months
-Php. 1,000
compensation in
the housing
program
-size and
structure of the
house is enough
for the family
-the raw house
cannot
withstand great
pressures
-Land titles are
still unavailable
-NA- -the residents must be
provided with
livelihood and more
jobs
Mary Joy
De Leon,
29
-sells
Avon
products
-also sells
spiders at
home
-only
rents
house in
Bagumbo
ng
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
(but some
services like
printing and
photocopyin
g have
-Lingap
and 4Ps as
livelihood
programs,
does not
cover all
the
residents
in the
communit
y
-nearby
factories
can be a
source of
income
-some
prefer to
put up
businesses
within the
-Tokhang,
Drug
Addiction,
Robbery
and Rape
-Slow
response
rate from
the
barangay
tanods (they
do not
make
rounds in
other parts
of the
community)
-Curfew
Time is
implemente
d but was
-Almost one
and half
hour travel
from Baesa
to
Bagumbong
due to
heavy traffic
-Tricycle
rides are
harder to
access
during
Monday
mornings
-some
tricycle
drivers set
higher fares
-medical
supplies,
sometimes,
run out in the
medical center
-slow
response rate
for ambulance
-floods occur
near the creak
-schools as
evacuation
center (10
minute walk
from their
house)
-common
colds during
summer
-Satisfactory
Garbage
-costly
payments for
utilities,
reconnection fee
for electricity
services is
around Php.
5,000
-Water appears
to be rusty
during mornings
-Buying mineral
water regularly
for drinking
because
drinking tap
water causes
diarrhea for
children
-size and
structure of the
house is
sufficient for the
family
-the house is not
strong enough
to withstand
great pressures
-disputes
between leasees
and leasors
-not enough
support form the
barangay and
LGU
-merging the
elementary and high
school would provide
an easier access for
everyone
-faster response rate
from the barangay
37
higher
prices)
-Private
daycare
-No TESDA
programs
within the
community
communit
y
withdrawn
later on
-No crime
and disaster
safety
programs
within the
community
(can only be
accessed in
the
barangay)
-no
emergency
equipment
Disposal
system
-no nearby
public
hospitals
-free vaccines
are mostly
limited in
schools
Miriam
Pelicio
Kaypulo,
34
-her
husband is
a sidecar
driver in
10th
avenue,
stays at
home in
(housewif
e)
-formerly
sells
fishes,
crabs and
other
seafoods
in 10th
avenue,
Caloocan
City
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
(already
adopted the
K-12
program)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Semi-
private
daycare
(around
Php. 7,000
per year)
-some
factories
discrimina
te by age
-numerous
requireme
nts for job
applicatio
n
-not
everyone
is not
covered
by 4Ps
-
livelihood
programs
sometimes
are not
accessed
by the
ideal
targets or
beneficiari
es
-Theft,
robbery,
rape
--Police and
Barangay
tanods do
not make
rounds in
the
community
-slow
response
rate for
barangay
tanods
compared to
police
-No crime
and disaster
safety
programs
-Floods
occur near
the creek
-Costly
transport
fares
-Tricycles
are harder to
access
during
Monday
mornings
-Problems
regarding
ethics and
doctor-patient
relationship
-common
colds
-Satisfactory
Garbage
Disposal
system
(except on
holidays
especially
Christmas and
New Year)
-No nearby
public
hospitals
-Medical
supplies and
services in the
health center
are sometimes
unavailable
-costly payment
to water
services, due to
overpressure
-strict payment
rules for water
services
-Water
sometimes
appear to be
whitish due to
chlorine, and
muddy
-to ensure
safety, they buy
mineral water to
nearby mineral
water stations
-Size and
structure of the
house is
sufficient for the
family
-the house
cannot
withstand great
pressures
-failure to pay
for the housing
has a penalty
-stress due to
lack of finance
-burdens of debt
-ineffective
information
dissemination
-the
resettlement
area is quite far
from different
establishments
-some houses
are sold or
rented out by
their owners
-the main road
is the most
conducive in
setting up stalls
- Starvation
-only receive
Php. 1,000
compensation
from NHA, but
-construction of
church inside the area
-local public official
must go house to
house to know what
the people really want
and need
-the housing must be
provided for free
-Assertion of rights to
remain in the house, if
the NHA would evict
them from their house
-the residents must be
given more jobs and
livelihood
38
(along the
railways)
-Costly
school
expenses
(programs
and other
school
activities,
school
uniform,
etc)
-TESDA
programs
within the
community
is very rare
-numerous
expenses
in setting
up a stall
in the
talipapa
or
maketplac
e (rental
fees,
utilities,
etc)
-schools as
evacuation
center and
the open
fields near
the
community
are safe
zones in
earthquake
drills
-Vaccines are
often limited
to schools
-Health center
is not
available 24/7
was expecting
Php. 10,000
-not finishing
the payment for
the housing for
30 years would
mean eviction
Nieves
Banos, 52
-sells eggs
along the
railways
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
(already
adopted the
K-12
program)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Nearby
private
daycare
(Php.
10,000 per
month)
-
Livelihoo
d
programs
are very
rare
-No
marketpla
ce or
talipapa
within the
communit
y, people
only set
up stalls at
the main
road or in
front of
their
houses
-Unjust
killing due
to Oplan
Tokhang,
and
Robbery
-the police
and
barangay
tanods are
helpful in
resolving
issues and
make
rounds in
the
community
-crime and
disaster risk
programs
(thru
barangay)
-floods
occur near
the creek
-easy access
to transport
vehicles and
terminals
with
reasonable
fares
-Satisfactory
Garbage
Disposal
system,
however some
still throw
their garbage
into the creek
-No nearby
public
hospitals
-Doctors in
the health
center are
only available
in certain days
-there are
accessible
public health
programs
within the
community
-
parasites/wor
ms, heat
-minimum pay
for water
services, for
those who
usually stay
outside the
community, the
Bukas-sara
system allows
them to pay for
what they
consume
-size and
structure of the
house is
sufficient for the
family (except
for large
families)
-the raw house
cannot
withstand great
pressures
-Land titles can
be availed after
finishing the
housing
payment
-Nieves doesn’t
know how to
speak or read in
English. She
doesn’t fully
understand the
contracts
-Only Php.
1,000 was
received for
compensation
-sari-sari stores
compete with
each other in the
resettlement
-more jobs, livelihood
and a nearby
marketplace
39
-No TESDA
programs
- costly
school
expenses
and
necessities
-schools and
basketball
court/gym
as
evacuation
center
-no
emergency
equipment
stroke and
asthma
especially to
very dusty
places
Rommel,
21
-member
of a dance
group
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Private
daycare
-Alternative
Learning
System is
available
near the
barangay
-no
livelihood
programs
-Robbery
and Drug
Addiction
-Police and
barangay
tanods are
helping in
resolving
issues and
regularly
make
rounds in
the
community
-Crime and
disaster
safety
programs
(thru
barangay)
-Floods
occur near
the creek
-emergency
equipment
(thru
barangay)
-access to
transport is
relatively
easy
-Satisfactory
Garbage
Disposal
system
-No nearby
public
hospitals
(only private
ones)
-Water
disruption
during 10 pm.
Connection is
often recovered
at 5 am
-size and
structure of the
house is
sufficient for the
family
-the house is
strong enough
to withstand
great pressures
-increased
number of
floors by
negotiation
-Land titles are
available
-Starvation
-Livelihood, more
jobs and other sources
of income
Rowena
Vargas,
45
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
-losing
their
former
jobs
-No serious
crimes at
the present
-Easy access
to transport
vehicles and
terminals
-Satisfactory
Garbage
Disposal
system
-failure to give
payments to
water services
within a month
-size and
structure of the
house is
-Conflicts
between
neighbors
-inclusivity in
development
40
-formerly
owns an
eatery in
10th ave.,
but
currently
unemploy
ed in
Bagumbo
ng
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Public
daycare
-No TESDA
programs
within the
community
-fewer
customers
inside the
resettlmen
t area
-
livelihood
programs
(Lingap,
4Ps, abot-
kamay)
are not
accessible
for
everyone,
and
sometimes
do not
accommo
date its
ideal
targets or
beneficiari
es
-No
nearby
marketpla
ce
-few
factories
nearby
-police and
barangay
tanods
seldom
make
rounds in
the
community
-No crime
and disaster
safety
programs,
disaster
drills are
often
limited to
schools
-floods
occur near
-schools as
evacuation
center
-No
emergency
equipment
with
reasonable
fares
-common
colds occur
often to
children
-No nearby
public
hospitals
would mean
disconnection
from the service
-Water appears
unclear during
rainy days
sufficient for the
family
-unsure of the
strength of the
house against
great pressures
-Land titles may
be available
upon finishing
the housing
payment
Thelma
Cuevas,
29
-
Unemploy
ed
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-training
programs
(like
haircuts
and hair
treatment)
-
Occasiona
lly, NHA
-Robbery
and theft
-Police and
barangay
tanods often
make
rounds in
the
community
-Easier
access to
transport
vehicles and
terminals,
however,
fares might
be too
-TB, might be
contagious
-her children
had primary
pneumonia
-Satisfactory
Garbage
Disposal
system
-Satisfactory
utilities services
-size and
structure of
house is
sufficient for the
family
-House is not
strong enough
against great
pressures
-Ineffective
information
dissemination
-Jobs in Caloocan to
prioritize Caloocan
residents who need
jobs
-People must assert
their rights for free
housing
41
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Public
daycare
-No TESDA
programs
within the
community
-Alternative
Learning
System in
high school
posts job
hiring and
seminars
-Some
factories
only pay
below
minimum
wage
--Seminars
about crime
and disaster
safety is
often
limited to
the
barangay
and schools
-emergency
equipment
may be
accessed
through the
barangay
costly for
some.
-Health center
only
accessible
during
Mondays to
Fridays
-No nearby
public
hospitals
-fast response
rate for
ambulance
-health
workers make
round in the
community
during public
health
programs
-land title may
be available
after 30 years of
payment for the
housing
-some
relocatees
received more
than Php. 1,000
as compensation
Ella
Mamarin,
53
-President
of the
Homeown
ers’
Associatio
n in
Northville
II-B,
Bagumbo
ng
-her
husband is
a jeepney
driver
- Nearby
public
elementary
and high
school
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Public
daycare
(under
DSWD)
within the
community
-
discrimina
tion in job
hiring,
some also
do not
meet
education
al
requireme
nts in job
applicatio
n
-below
minimum
wage in
some
factories
-No
nearby
marketpla
-at first,
fights
among
fraternities
and gangs
were
common
-Conflicts
against
neighbors
(due to
debts and
gossips)
-Barangay
tanods make
rounds in
the
community
until 12
midnight
-Easy access
to transport
vehicles and
terminals
with
reasonable
fares
-nearby health
center with
complete
equipment
-TB DOTS
-No nearby
public
hospitals
-Satisfactory
Garbage
Disposal
system
-TB, heart
attack and
high blood are
quite common
in the area
-free
medicines in
the health
center
-expensive
payments for
water services
-satisfactory
utilities services
-Some parents
live with their
sons and
daughters who
already have
families on their
own
-the raw house
is not durable or
strong enough
against great
pressures
-Land titles can
be availed after
finishing the
payment for the
housing.
However, the
process and fees
would be costly
-the housing
cannot be
provided for
free
-the Php. 1,000
compensation is
not enough in
the long term
-conflicts within
families due to
the stress from
poverty
-dialogues with NHA,
to remove penalties
and interests
-more jobs and
livelihood
-access to credit, to
start businesses and
assistance in the
completion of job
requirements
42
-No TESDA
programs
within the
community
- costly
school
expenses
ces or
talipapa
-No
livelihood
programs
at the
present
-the curfew
time was
implemente
d but was
lifted later
on
-there are
seminars
about
disaster risk
reduction
managemen
t and crime
safety
-schools as
evacuation
center
-no
emergency
equipment
-failure to pay
for the housing
would cost a
penalty,
however, this
further buries
the relocatees to
debt
Paul
Divina
(Living
conditions
in
Northville
1)
-President
of the
HOA in
Northville
1,
Punturin
With
Marina
Bozar
-Leader of
the
Northville
- Nearby
public
elementary
and
highschool
(walking
distance and
within the
community)
-nearby
private
college
-accessible
school
supplies
stores
within the
community
-Public
daycare
-
accessibbl
e
livelihood
programs
like
gardening
-below
minimum
wage in
other
factories
-
marketpla
ce inside
the
communit
y and
different
business
-Unjust
killings due
to Oplan
Tokhang,
Drug
Addiction
-People do
not trust the
police due
to a number
of cases of
unresolved
crimes
-gangfights
in the past
-easy access
to transport
vehicles and
terminals
-Medical
missions, with
the help of
LGUs
-nearby health
centers
–delays in the
response of
ambulance for
emergencies
-medicine
supplies
sometimes run
out whenever
there is a
delay in the
delivery of
supplies from
DOH to the
health centers
-Individual
meter for water
services, thus,
they pay what
they consume
-they were
given Php.
50,000 by NHA
to build a house,
unlike in
Bagumbong
where they are
given raw
houses
-penalty and
interests in the
payment for the
housing
-the people are
not allowed
anymore to
return to their
former
community
-conflicts
between people
of different
place of origin
-Chapter of mass
movements or
people’s organizations
within the area
(Gabriela in alliance
with KADAMAY)
-Removal of interests
and penalty in the
payment for housing
-dialogues and
negotiation with NHA
–the barangay is very
near to the
resettlement area
-Active engagement
of the HOA and
LGUs in developing
the community
-nearby fire and
police station
43
Table 3: Summary of Responses of the Respondents living in the areas of Northville II-B, Northville 1 and 10th Avenue, Caloocan City Railways
Prof. Allan Mesina (Licensed urban planner) NHA Office Bagumbong
Problems
-people return to their former communities because it is where they can earn income
-perfunctory, persuasion (people are only convinced or persuaded in consultation
meetings)
-Why do we have urban poor communities in the first place?? (reflection of
maldevelopment)
Problems
-as much as they want a holistic approach (in which livelihood is included), NHA has
limited funds for the programs
-private land, Dela Cruz (owner of Norca Homes)
-While NHA has a livelihood council, their mandate focuses on housing
-‘development’, in what aspect?
-due to the privatization of water by Maynilad, there are bulk selling schemes in
resettlement projects, in which, everyone has an individual meter but Maynilad will
only read the mother meter. Maynilad has a contract with the concessionaire who also
has a contract with the cooperative
-bulk selling allows higher payments for water services
Solutions/Alternatives
-Community Participation, (housing, facilities)
-What do the people prefer? Off-site? On-site?
-the selected location for the resettlement must have access to employment and must
fit to the needs and preferences of the people
-Church: culture of religiosity
-TESDA or other NGOs should cooperate by giving trainings and seminars, and also
livelihood
-Access to credit, marketing and Technology
-triggering economic development by boosting small industries and businesses within
the community (trainings, access to market, credit and capital)
Solutions/Alternatives
-livelihood programs and trainings
-in partnership with DSWD, vegetable gardening
-inter-agency efforts
-referral system from recruitment agencies
-in-city is preferable, however, if there are no available lands and must get out of the
city, people still should be close from their point of origin
-The Php. 35,000 subsidy from the HUDC is deducted to the total loan for the
program- The Balik-Probinsya program is in partnership with DSWD, in this program,
tickets are given (for bus rides and for other transport
-the compensation depends on the project
-Php. 1,000 compensation
Table 4: Summary of Responses of Professor Allan Mesina and the NHA Office within Northville II-B
I Chapter
of
Gabriela
-member
of
KADAM
AY
within the
community
-TESDA
programs
within the
community
- costly
school
expenses
(junkshop,
dress
shop, etc)
-trees reduce the heat
in the area
-gardening programs
44
DATA ANALYSIS
EDUCATION
The availability of accessible public elementary and high school is not an issue for
the community because annexes of the Bagumbong Elementary and High School was built
within the community. Both schools already adopted the K-12 program, but some aren’t
aware of it, this is because of some who do not stay long in Bagumbong like Erlina, or they
do not have children or relatives studying at the school annexes (either their children are
already finished in pursuing elementary and high school studies, or their children are
attending another school that is outside of the community). There are also nearby school
supplies stores and also computer shops that offers internet services, computer rents,
photocopying, printing, and other services. However, as Mary Joy said, the prices for some
services are higher than the usual pricing. In Bagumbong, photocopying is typically 2 pesos
per paper, whereas, in 10th avenue, the average price would be 1 peso per paper (and may
go lower to 50 or 75 centavos per paper). The more or less 1 peso difference matters for
them because, in the long run, the 1 peso difference can contribute to their expenses or to
their savings.
There are no nearby colleges or universities, and at the present, there are no
programs by TESDA within the community. According to Thelma, TESDA programs are
available outside the community, like in Evergreen subdivision, or it can be accessed
through the barangay as Ella have mentioned. As an alternative to this, the Alternative
Learning System or ALS is available in Bagumbong High School, however, not everyone
is aware of it. Additionally, according to Miriam’s experience, there was a fee, amounting
to 300 pesos, in availing a TESDA program in Camarin. As much as she want to study, for
45
her, it is much more practical to look for a job. Studying might be a hindrance in her duty
in watching over her children and guarding the house. Looking for a job is more preferable
for her as it would give them additional income, unlike studying which would be an
additional expense for the family. There are nearby daycare centers, however, it is very
evident in Table 3 that the responses given regarding the daycare centers are very different
to each other, some would claim that there are no nearby public daycare centers and one
would have to spend around Php. 7,000-10,000 to enroll their children. Ella and Thelma
mentioned that there is a public daycare in the court/multipurpose, however, most of the
respondents’ answers stated that there are only private daycare centers nearby. Mary Joy
mentioned that even nurseries would require a fee of 250 pesos per month, excluding other
expenses such as uniforms, bag, and other school equipment.
Some respondents have children studying outside the community. Since the
resettlement is a bit far from other areas like the barangay hall, the students and their
families are challenged by the costs and hardships in transportation. This would be
discussed later on in the Transportation section. Because of the distance of other schools,
some students who study outside the community must adjust their time, so they can still
have some time to study. This is also especially hard for college students, since there are
no existing colleges or universities within or near the resettlement. Tertiary Education
would be inaccessible, not only because of the distance of the community to public and
private universities, but also because of the burden of expenses (school expenses, tuition
fee, daily allowance, transportation and other expenses).
The access to Education is continually challenged in the resettlement because of
additional school expenses. The implementation of the K-12 program also provided more
46
years of school expenses to the students and their families. Despite of free tuition in public
elementary and high schools, expenses from school activities Miriam cited an experience
where she paid 500 pesos for a dance activity for her daughter, within a week, she has to
pay 1,500 pesos for a teambuilding activity. Her husband, who works as a sidecar driver,
only brings 150-200 pesos daily but they have no choice if such payments are required by
the school. Without a sufficient and stable source of income, Education remains to be
inaccessible.
LIVELIHOOD
4Ps, Lingap and Abot-kamay program from the national government is still present
for the residents, however, these programs are sometimes unable to reach their ideal and
target beneficiaries. Rowena mentioned that her family was not qualified, despite their
necessity to gain access, because these programs often look for families with more children.
Miriam also complained that sometimes families who are better off are the ones who
benefit in these programs. Ella mentioned that being qualified does not provide much help
because the money given by the program are easily used up by daily necessities and
expenses.
Training programs are conducted back then, examples of such were handicraft-
making, creating soap, dishwashing liquid, processed meat, etc. According to Erlinda, these
programs were not accessible for everyone and only selected ones can avail or access these
programs, this is also true for Miriam, as she mentioned that sometimes, those who are
only close to the higher-ups have easier access for opportunities. These programs might
have stopped because of a certain time when a beautician training program was reported
after it triggered allergic reactions to other participants. Another problem with training
47
programs is that the residents find it hard to apply what they learn because they have no
money or starting capital that they can use to start a business, nor do they have an easy
access for materials that they can use for the production. Unlike in the case of Northville
1, Paul mentioned that they have gardening programs, not only the people were taught, but
were also given seeds and other necessities. They even have a market inside the Northville
1, whereas, Northville II-B doesn’t have a market inside the community. The people only
set up stalls in front of their homes. Erlinda cited the experience of Mang Paking, he was
known for his handicraft products like bags. He spent his own money to start a business,
but due to few potential buyers, he closed his business. The most conducive area to get
more buyers is the main road, and selling in minor roads or far from the main road, will
not guarantee many customers, that is, unless you’re already known by the people and you
already have regular buyers, this is why Erlinda’s family carry their table from their house
(which is situated along the minor roads) to the main road, however, despite the main road
being conducive for selling goods, Erlinda stated that due to the emergence of new sellers,
her sales dropped significantly. This is one of the reasons why people choose to return to
the railways and continue their businesses there. As Professor Allan Mesina (2017)
mentioned, due to the lack of opportunities and lack of livelihood in the community, the
relocatees would return to where they find greater opportunities, which is in this case, along
the railways; because in the railways, they know that they have a hundred percent guarantee
of accessing necessities, besides, they are already used in the life along the railways. They
already mastered and adapted well in the railways environment and they believe that they
can thrive well in their former communities. In the railways, they already have regular
buyers and they are already known by many of the buyers. The railroads is also busy with
48
crowds too, because people go there because they already know that there is a market in
that area. Earning money is not that hard along the railways, as Lilia pointed out, even with
just assisting other vendors in the railways, you can already earn money to buy food and
other necessities. Miriam further illustrated the difference in the living conditions between
the Bagumbong resettlement and the railways, she mentioned that sardines, back in the
railways, were only eaten as snacks, but in the resettlement, it’s already treated as a meal.
Because of having enough income in the railways, she can afford to cook roasted chicken,
or pancit for her children, but in the resettlement, these foods are only eaten rarely. The
fish innards which were only treated as scraps by vendors in the railways and only given
to cats and dogs, is now something they eat regularly. She complained that what dogs and
cats eat at the railways are sometimes much better than what they eat in the resettlement.
The problem with the talipapa is that, not only it is far from the resettlement, but also, it is
already full now and if one managed to get a slot, they would be burdened with rental fees,
expenses for utilities such as electricity and water, and also payments to their suppliers.
Adding up all these expenses, they would be left with little to negative profit because the
competition in the marketplace. Unlike in the railways, as Lilia have said, 100 pesos is
enough to start a new business, since there are no rental fees in setting up a stall. Being
relocated also means that you will be most likely be separated from your former job. Maria
Evelyn is now living as a housewife, and as much as she want to start a business again, like
in her former job, which is managing an eatery or carinderia, she has no guarantee of
potential customers, since people in Bagumbong mostly cook for themselves and eat inside
their homes. Natividad also has to leave her beauty parlor in Grace Park, Caloocan after
being relocated to Bagumbong, she started sewing clothes again in Bagumbong as her
49
source of income. As much as NHA wanted to take a holistic approach in establishing
resettlements (and they have the Livelihood Council that may take action in supporting
people’s employment and livelihood), they lack funds to do so. Also, the mandate of NHA,
according to the NHA Office in Bagumbong, is too stiff and inflexible (only focusing in
socialized housing) compared to the power of LGUs which has more autonomy. They need
the help of LGUs and other government agencies to resolve other issues such as health,
employment, etc.
Rarely, NHA posts job hiring, but, it mostly targets the youth. Parents in the
resettlement prefer the youth to focus on their studies, rather than be distracted by jobs.
While there are nearby factories around the resettlement, completing the job requirements
is a hard task, it may be costly in terms of money, time and energy. Because public facilities
are far from the resettlement area, completing the job requirements would be costly because
of the transportation. Discrimination based on age or appearance is common too, Miriam
aims to apply in the Magic Sarap factory because it also accepts people of ages greater than
34. Ella also mentioned that some factories view people with tattoos or with alcoholic
history as undesirable, hence, they are immediately disqualified in the hiring process.
Failing the medical examination would also mean disqualification in the hiring process,
however, because of the poverty in the resettlement, it is no doubt that the relocatees would
be vulnerable to different diseases (this would be tackled deeper under the section of
Health).
If one is hired in a factory, there is no guarantee that they would be paid
accordingly, some factories pay their workers with salaries lower than the minimum wage
(around 300 pesos per month). Thelma was once hired in a food packaging factory where
50
they are paid with 11 pesos per 100 packs of chips, even her Social Security System (SSS)
was not properly funded by the company. This is why some are hesitant in applying to
factories, but working in establishments outside the community is not practical for them
too, since their salary would be consumed greatly by their daily allowance (especially by
transportation, since the resettlement is a bit far from other commercial establishments).
CRIME AND DISASTER SAFETY
Majority of the respondents approve of the Oplan Tokhang, especially after it
managed to scare the people from committing crimes. Some respondents do not approve at
this program, especially those with relatives who got killed. Erlinda’s daughter-in-law, who
was a drug user but not a pusher, was unjustly killed after several men barged in her house
and pulled the trigger on her head. Miriam also had an experience, when a man who was
chased by policemen, ran on the roofs of the houses. The thought of the roof breaking and
the man letting himself barge in their house and killing her family scared her. Robbery was
also common when the resettlement was first established. Thieves rob anything that is
outside of the people’s house (pots, hanged clothes, slippers, etc). At those times, Miriam
mentioned that she will not hesitate on killing if it means defending her family, since, some
thieves try to sneak in people’s houses so they can rob more goods and other properties.
People who work and return to their houses are also vulnerable to thieves and struggling
against them may risk their lives. For Gwyneth and Nieves, it is important to note that
people rob because of poverty and starvation. This is true, considering the Merton’s Strain
theory where people commit acts of deviance (in this case, robbery and theft) to fulfill
socially accepted goals (to be wealthy). Erlinda also mentioned a case where a young
woman was drugged and was raped by several men, and no one knows if the perpetrators
51
are caught and rightfully judged. A man raped his daughter and granddaughter but was not
caught or taken with legal action. This poses as a risk for the residents, especially to
women, this is why Miriam is willing to let her daughter spend more money on
transportation if it ensures her safety. This is also why a lot of parents approve in the
implementation of a curfew time, to ensure the security of the youth, however, the curfew
time was lifted by the LGUs, and thus, the barangays must comply and remove its
implementation.
There are police and barangay tanods or Bpat (Barangay patrol) who make rounds
within the community until 12 midnight. Some respondents answered otherwise, while
some answered that they do make rounds but mostly in the main road only. The Bpat,
according to the Ella Mamarin, the president of the Homeowners’ Association in Northville
II-B, are only volunteers who are not paid for their work. Most of the crimes happen at past
12 midnight, at a time when most of the Bpat are already unavailable or returned to their
respective houses, thus, they have a slower response rate during emergencies. Police
response is not reliable for the residents too, since there are no nearby police stations from
the resettlement area. When Erlinda’s daughter-in-law was unjustly killed, the police
response was late and they only managed to get police response from Bagong Silang,
Caloocan. Meanwhile, in Northville 1, a police station is established near the entrance of
the community, Northville 1 even has a fire station within the community. In the railways,
a judicial hall is stationed beside the railways, and there are also nearby barangay halls that
may send help in emergency cases.
There are also conflicts that may arise between people of different place of origin.
At first, fights between fraternities and gangs are quite common until it faded because of
52
the Oplan Tokhang, which scared away some from committing illegal acts. At the present,
conflicts arise because of the spread of rumors and gossips, and misunderstandings.
Conflicts between lenders and borrowers are common too, especially to some who are
already tied with a lot of debts and are unable to give payments. As Miriam have said,
lenders sometimes embarrass the borrowers who can’t pay, and from there the conflict may
worsen.
As for natural disasters, the respondents only pointed out that floods occur to areas
near the creek. So far, no house was destroyed by the past typhoons. Floods may also occur
due to the number of trash that clogs the flow of the creek. Cases of drowning, according
to Erlinda, also happen due to the rapid flow of the creek. During the typhoon Ondoy, the
houses near the creek was reached by the flood, but the residents of that area was not
evacuated and they only waited for the flood to subside. Some of them moved to higher
places for safety purposes. The court and the schools inside the resettlement area may
function as evacuation center, aside from these locations, there are no specialized
infrastructures that are solely for evacuation, but in case of earthquakes, the safest location
would be the open fields near the entrance of the resettlement. Most of the respondents
mentioned that there are no seminars or programs about crime and disaster safety, and
earthquake or fire drills are mostly limited to schools, however, according to Ella, the HOA
occasionally holds seminars about crime and disaster safety, if so, this is an issue of
information dissemination and the limited access of some residents (due to various reasons
such as their busy schedules). Emergency equipment is not available to individual houses
or even in the HOA but can be accessed through the barangay which is a bit far from the
resettlement area, so slower response rates are to be expected.
53
TRANSPORTATION
The tricycle terminal can be accessed through walking, while the jeepney terminal is
best accessed via tricycle, however, some would rather take long walks to save the 15-peso
fare from the tricycle area. While some respondents find both terminals to be quite easy to
access, for Miriam and Mary Joy, Monday Mornings are a hassle, there are a lot of people
who also ride the tricycle but the number of tricycles that can accommodate these people
is not enough. Some would even hit others with their elbows just to get inside the tricycle.
This is why Miriam lets her daughter ride the other tricycle terminal, where there is a
guarantee that her daughter can get a ride, although, the other tricycle terminal is a bit far
compared to the former. They have to adjust their time because she would have to walk a
longer distance to the latter, or she would have to wait so she could get a ride at the former.
Her daughter is also willing to spend more so she doesn’t have to ride a pooled tricycle, or
to ride with other students, because riding with other students would take up a huge part of
her time, since some students stop over at certain destinations to pick up their friends or
lovers. On the other hand, accessing a jeepney is not that hard to access since, you just
have to line-up at the jeepney terminal. Jeepneys travel regularly, and for the residents, the
number of jeepneys and drivers is enough to accommodate the people in the resettlement.
For most part, the fare system is reasonable, it’s just that, some tricycle drivers
charge higher fares than usual. Jeepney fares follow the minimum fare. Since the
resettlement area is a bit far from other public facilities, commercial establishments, etc,
people would have to spend more in transportation, for example, going to the Barangay
171 Hall would typically cost 60-70 pesos. Transportation also takes up huge part in the
daily expenses of students and workers. Erlinda’s grandchildren study at schools outside
54
of the resettlement area. Going to the La Consolacion College in Deparo would cost a 15-
peso tricycle ride to the jeepney terminal, 8-peso ride to Deparo and another tricycle ride
to the La Consolacion College. To access Best Link College, one must take a ride from
Fairview, as for Young Achievers’ School of Caloocan, it can be accessed with a 15-30
peso tricycle ride and an 8-peso jeepney ride. Transportation also remains to be one of the
reasons why people are hesitant in working outside the community, since it would take up
a huge part of their expenses.
HEALTH
There are no nearby public hospitals from the resettlement areas and only private
ones can be accessed. Public hospitals can only be reached through other cities such as
Tala (accessed by taking a tricycle ride from Bagong Silang) and Camarin. The new public
hospital in Camarin does not accept in-patient care at the present, since it still does not have
much equipment and personnel to accommodate people to such service. Some public
hospitals prioritize their locals first, hence, people from other cities who need medical
attention are casted aside; some hospitals also do not admit patients with wounds due to
knives or guns due to legal concerns.
The garbage disposal service and system are very satisfactory for the respondents
since, the garbage truck regularly comes 2-3 times per week (mostly Monday, Wednesday,
Friday) to collect the trashes. The regular collection of trash helps in the maintenance of
cleanliness within the communities and prevents the pile-up or accumulation of garbage in
people’s home. For Miriam, the only problem in the garbage collection are holidays,
particularly during Christmas and New Year, since, at those holidays people gather the
most garbage. Since both of which are declared as holidays, there are no workers who
55
would collect their garbage. Another problem would be the people who do not follow the
rules regarding garbage collection and only throw their garbage into the creek (which
causes the creek to get clogged and easily overflow). However, despite the cleanliness
within the resettlement area, there are still dengue cases, as compared to their former
community (along the railways), wherein Dengue cases aren’t very common for the other
railways residents. 3 of Erlinda’s grandchildren had dengue at the same time in the
resettlement and was followed by another two of her grandchildren, it was costly since the
children was admitted to San Lazaro, which is a private hospital, for immediate medical
attention.
Every summer, heat strokes, heart attacks and high blood pressure is common
among the elderly population in Bagumbong. This is because of the lack of trees in the
neighborhood that would lessen the exposure to heat. In the railways and even in Northville
1, there are trees that help in lessening the heat during summer. Trees, in the railways, are
almost directly beside the houses and the market stalls. Tuberculosis (TB) is also a common
case in Bagumbong because of the nutritional deficiency brought by poverty and starvation.
Poor health also restrains the people from getting accepted or hired in their job applications
because they fail in medical examinations. In times of emergencies, ambulance can be
borrowed from the barangay, however, it may have a slow response rate depending on the
situation. Thelma’s mother-in-law was fortunate that the ambulance came in a faster
response rate and she received an immediate medical attention. There are lots of
unfortunate cases such as with Otang, an acquaintance of Lilia, who died because of the
slow response rate of the ambulance and by the time they reached the hospital, she was
already dead. Miriam’s response according to this issue also paralleled with Lilia’s and
56
other respondents, calling and waiting for an ambulance, for them, is not a very reliable
action. For them, it is much better to rent a tricycle or a private vehicle and go to the nearest
hospital possible (however, only private hospitals are near the community, so either they
are forced to spend more in private hospitals or risk some time to reach public hospitals).
There is a health center within the resettlement, and also the main health center in
the barangay. The main health center is only open from Monday to Friday, and similarly
to the health center in the resettlement, they only have an available doctor during
Wednesdays. Sometimes, the medicine supply runs out whenever there is a delay in the
delivery of supplies and equipment from the Department of Health (DOH). Because of the
long lines and often running out on supplies, Miriam sometimes buy medicines in private
hospitals or to generic pharmacies whenever she goes to the 10th avenue to visit her
husband. Ethical concerns are also addressed, like harassment by medical personnel and
also the lack of private room, especially for women who are undergoing procedures such
as vaginal smearing. Due to lack of private rooms, some personnel or other clinic guests
witness private procedures and often give remarks that contribute to th feeling of insecurity
for the patient. This is why some are hesitant to go to the health center unless for emergency
or urgent purposes. The health center is not open 24/7 to cater to the medical needs of the
residents, some only endure stomach pains or go to other health facilities because the health
center is already closed. It also took a lot of time for the health center to be finished, the
people urged the authorities and the construction workers to finish the health center as soon
as possible because a lot of the residents are already getting sick or died without getting
proper medical attention.
57
Health programs such as vaccinations are common to schools, according to Ella,
they do have vaccination programs and other health programs within the community.
Health workers also make rounds in the community to successfully implement the health
programs, however, for some, these health programs remains to be inaccessible and for
others, they are not even aware of the existence of these health programs, this is due to
faulty information dissemination (which will be discussed further under the section of
‘Other Issues’). People even prefer to live in the railways because health programs are more
accessible in that area. Various organizations visit the railways to give medical services,
such as for eyesight, pregnant women, children, elderly, etc.
ACCESS TO FOOD, POTABLE AND SAFE WATER, AND OTHER PUBLIC
UTILITIES
At first, the residents only used candles and available deep wells for electricity and
water consumption. According to Edna, after their 3 months of stay, the resettlement
managed to avail electricity services from Meralco. The shallow deep wells are not reliable
for the water services, Erlinda mentioned that the deep wells sometimes release yellowish
and oily water, this is why the relocatees prefer to rely on water deliveries (30 pesos per
drum of water), since they do not trust the quality of the water from the deep wells, even
laundry is a bit hard with the water from the deep wells, since the yellowish oily water
stains their clothes.
At the present, the water services in the resettlement is now provided by Maynilad,
through a private concessionaire, Inpart Water Works and Development Corp. (IWADCO),
which is a known as a retail purified water business. While Maynilad has contracted with
the IWADCO, the private concessionaire also contracted with the local cooperative within
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the resettlement for the water services, in which the payment will be collectively given by
the cooperative. While they have individual meter installed at every house, the reading for
the consumption will be obtained from the bulk meter or the ‘mother’ meter. Erlinda, a
member of their Ethics Committee and a block leader in the resettlement, explained the
mechanics of their payment in the water services, wherein the minimum payment for water
services is 210 pesos for 7 cubic. A consumption of 8 and 9 cubic is considered as 10 cubic
with a payment of 320 for plus shared capital and system loss, this is why some of the
residents have a staggering amount of 800 pesos or more for their water consumption. This
is unlike in the railways, where each household was installed with an individual meter,
hence, they only pay for what they consume, which is significantly smaller in amount than
what they pay for water services in the resettlement. Miriam also mentioned that there is
overpressure, the water rushes out of the faucet twice than normal, which increases the
amount of the consumption, and in the same way, it increases the amount to be paid too.
The payment for water services is strict, if one fails to give their payment within a month,
their water service would be cut off. Miriam also recalled a certain time when she asked
for an extension for the payment (she wants to pay it at 5pm since she was waiting for her
husband to return with some money for the payment), however, the employee answered
her with ‘ang gawin mo na lang, mangutang ka, kung wala kang mauutangan umuwi ka,
magsahod ka ng mga drum bago maputulan’ (‘You should just borrow some money, if you
can’t, then go home, get a drum and save some water before your water services would be
cut off). This enraged Miriam since she was just asking politely for an extension but the
employee’s reply was rude and inappropriate for her.
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While the payment for electricity is significantly lower and more lax compared to
their payment for water services, a lot of families still get their electricity services cut off.
For reconnection, they must pay a reconnection fee plus another payment as penalty fee,
which costs around 5,000 pesos (according to Mary Joy’s case), this is why some endure
having no electricity service due to the costly reconnection process. This is the problem
with the privatization of utilities and public services, schemes such as bulk selling, high
reconnection fees and penalty fees are implemented in the name of profits.
For some, the quality of the water services is not satisfactory, in Rommel’s case,
the water services is disrupted every 10 pm and only returns at 5 am. In other cases, the
water appears unclear (due to chlorination of water), or muddy. To remedy this, the
residents let the unclear or muddy water flow from faucet until it becomes clear again,
while some, like Miriam, boil the water to ensure its safety. Exposure to chlorinated water,
according to the World Health Organization (2003), may trigger asthma, and even
dermatitis to some. In the same study by WHO, it was also reported that the exposure to
the consumption of chlorinated tap water is associated with the increased risk of bladder
cancer. While the long-term risks of the consumption and exposure of chlorinated water
remains to be debatable, some residents rely on mineral water stations for a potable and
clean water, like in the case of Mary Joy, she is willing to spend 25 pesos for a gallon of
mineral water after her children suffered from diarrhea from drinking tap water.
Despite having food stalls inside the community (people usually set-up stalls in
front of their houses) and also eateries or carinderias, food remains to be inaccessible to
several residents, and a lot of the residents undergo starvation due to lack of financial
resources to access food. With the community far from other commercial establishments,
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some food stalls charge higher prices since they pay extra costs from distant suppliers.
Eating out in other commercial establishments would be costly too because of the
transportation expenses. The residents, especially those who are worse-off, are forced to
make do with what they can access within the community.
HOUSING AND LAND OWNERSHIP
The respondents find the 30 sq. m. lot and the 20 sq. m. house sufficient for the size
of their family. However, some families are too big for the house, the extension or adding
the number of floors or storeys requires that the whole housing must be paid fully. Some
negotiate and pay certain amounts with HOA and NHA while some do not ask for
permission from any of the agencies/organizations and proceed on renovating the house so
their whole family can fit in. These families are usually ones with many children, live with
their grandparents or the children already have families but these children still live together
with their parents.
The durability of the house against great pressures like heavy winds and rain,
earthquakes (particularly milder ones) and other strong external forces is not reliable. What
the people received is a raw house with uncemented hollow blocks. The relocatees used
their own money and resources in strengthening and fortifying the house. Lina cited an
experience about their neighbor who was about to create a divider in his house, however,
upon striking the wall with his hammer, the wall took a considerable amount of damage.
While it is true that so far, none of the houses are destroyed by the past typhoons, it is
important to note that, the present durability of the house is due to hardwork and resources
of the residents. The house was provided without any insulation and was directly covered
with galvanized corrugated metal roofing, this leaves the residents vulnerable to extreme
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weather conditions, especially during summer as there is no insulation from the heat and
the heat radiates directly inside the house, leaving no protection against heat. The exposure
to extreme heat may affect one’s health, especially heat strokes and heart attacks to the
elderly population.
Only few of the relocatees don’t have much problems in terms of the payment for
the housing, as mentioned by Ella. Most of the relocatees are unable to pay and because of
the interests and penalties for each time they fail to pay, their existing balance for the
housing increases immensely that they can no longer afford to give payments for the
housing program. The housing program starts at 200 pesos per month, with 1% monthly
interest and 6% annual interest. The payment must be finished within 30 years, failure to
pay after 30 years would disqualify the relocatee in the ownership for the house and the lot
provided. Extensions may be given under negotiation. The housing costs 175,000 pesos,
originally, and because of the government subsidy, through the HUDCC, it was reduced to
140,000 pesos. Ella also mentioned that full payment in advance would be benefitted with
a 20,000-peso discount. As for the land title, as proof of ownership over the occupied land,
after the payment is fulfilled, a certificate of debt clearance will be given. The certificate
is not a strong proof of land ownership, so the awarded relocatee needs to process the
certificate, in order for it to be converted into a Transfer Certificate Title (TCT), the process
may cost more or less 5,000 pesos, according to Ella. This means that the fulfillment of
payment doesn’t have a 100% guarantee of ownership in the occupied land and one must
spend more in order to get a land title for legitimate ownership.
Other than the housing and the lot, the relocatees received 5 kilos of rice, canned
goods and 1,000 pesos as compensation fee. The 1,000 pesos, for the residents, is not
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sufficient compared to their daily expenses plus construction expenses since they were the
one who fixed and strengthened their houses. Some claimed that, originally, the offered
amount of compensation is 30,000 pesos, some would claim 10,000 pesos, regardless of
the exact amount, the offer attracted the relocatees since they can use it as a starting capital
to start a new business. When asked if this was indicated in the contract, the respondents
answered no or they were not sure, since some, like Nieves, is not well-versed with the
English language and only signed the contract. Her children, who were busy with work,
school and other family matters didn’t get to read the contract, thus, they have no clue of
what is stated in the contract. The NHA Office in Bagumbong stated that these contracts
are the Loan Agreements which doesn’t include the compensation fees. The Loan
Agreement only included the 140,000-peso payment, which is why they think that the
people thought that the 35,000-peso subsidy will be given in cash, but, this was deducted
from the actual 175,000-peso cost of the housing. Some respondents, like Thelma and Lilia,
claimed that some residents were given more compensation money, some were given 3,000
pesos, while some managed to receive 18,000 pesos. They are uncertain of why these
people are given more compensation money, NHA, on the other hand claimed that the
compensation money would differ according to the LGUs involved, the context or situation
in the community, and government project that would operate in the community.
The consultation meetings, pre-relocation phase, aren’t that engaging for the
people. They were not asked much at what they want for the resettlement program and only
followed the wishes of the people to be relocated within the city. For Mesina (2017), such
is called perfunctory, when the consultative meetings defeat its purpose of consulting the
people, to ask them what they want or what are the things they want to be considered in
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establishing the resettlement. The consultative meetings only aim to convince the people
to agree and cooperate with the relocation. The people are no longer asked what they
wanted and the meetings would only discuss what will happen as if it is inevitable or
already decided to happen. Miriam also expresses her doubt and distrust with NHA as she
pointed out the possibility of the NHA using scare tactics to force the people to relocate.
She recalls an event when gunshots are heard late at night near the houses of the people in
the railways who rejected the resettlement program. While the possibility of NHA not
being behind in this event still exists, this may make sense, considering the context of the
resettlement program. Edna, on the other hand, commends NHA and the LGUs in their
active cooperation during the relocation phase as people are helped in moving their
properties from their homes along the railways to the Bagumbong resettlement. Trucks
from NHA and LGUs were used during the relocation phase.
OTHER ISSUES
It is evident, in Table 3, that there is a problem with information dissemination in
the community. The range of responses of the respondents sometimes clash with each
other, like in the case of nearby daycares to which some claimed that there are no public
daycares within or near the community, while some would claim that they do have one,
and others would say that there is only a semi-private daycare nearby. There are also
differences in terms of availability public programs such as for health, crime and disaster
safety, and livelihood. Because of the faulty information dissemination, programs that
could have benefitted everyone become only accessible for some. Miriam recounted an
experience when the health center implemented a free teeth check-up. By the time the news
reach to her, the program already ended, she needed to avail to the program since she was
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suffering from toothache. Another hindrance to the accessibility of programs is the power
relations that favors only selected people that can access these programs and gain priority
through money, social networks and status, position, or role in the community.
Miriam also brought up the fact that the resettlement do not have any established
or built chapels, parishes or church. A church is essential to a community as sometimes,
churches implement public programs with the help of their social networks or connections
to other organizations outside of the community. A church also help in maintaining social
values with its culture of religiosity. Religion also provides hope to people and may give
them empowerment and motivation.
Livelihood and employment is especially scarce and quite inaccessible in the area,
because of this, Starvation due to poverty is quite common. Starvation and Poverty also
contributes to problems in social interaction. Miriam sometimes gets stressed and irritable
whenever they lack money. Ella also reported fights in families due to starvation, it goes
between verbal fights and physical fights or violence. There is also a culture of defeatism
to some residents living under poverty, Natividad pointed out that some do not even bother
themselves in looking for jobs and only stay at home to pursue their vices such as alcoholic
drinks, gambling or even drugs. One might say that they should just find a job, but for these
people, they see their situation as a hopeless case, thus, they engage in destructive behavior.
Miriam, due to extreme poverty, is known by the people as “Sinop” (Farsighted or
Provident), since she would always pick up 5, 10 and 25-centavo coins which are often
deemed as worthless by people because it cannot buy anything on its own. For example,
candies usually cost 1 peso each piece, and a single 5, 10 or 25-centavo coin cannot afford
even a single piece of candy, thus people end up throwing these coins away or not accepting
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them. But for Miriam, these coins are very valuable, because in the long-term, when she
already gathered more of these coins, it would have a worth. She can buy some snacks for
her children or for other expenses by using the accumulated amount of coins.
Money Lending businesses are also quite common in the community, due to lack
of money to afford necessities and services. People borrow money mostly because of
immediate and emergency expenses, like to buy food for their family, to pay for utilities,
school expenses and medical expenses. However, in most cases, people get buried by their
debts due to large interests that accumulate overtime, and since they lack a stable source of
income in the first place, it is most likely that they cannot pay back to their lenders. If they
would be pressured into paying their lenders, they resort to borrowing to other lenders,
thus, creating a cycle of debt. Other lenders are strict when it comes to payment and may
even humiliate the borrower, to exact authority over them or to pressure them into paying.
Conflicts may arise with the humiliation and may also affect how other people would
perceive both parties. When it comes to people’s perceptions. Gossips and rumors are quite
common in the community, that Ella often receive reports of conflict between people
because of a gossip that ruins the other party’s reputation. In a community of people from
different places of origin, misunderstanding and misperceptions are common, in which
gossips may originate. There is also discrimination due to the existing stereotypes
especially to people who came from Tondo Manila, since the place is known for rampant
crimes, hoodlums and violent fights. People who came from Tondo are often perceived as
perpetrators of crimes or troublesome people. Erlinda mentioned that in other blocks,
especially ones with more diversity in terms of people, are more frequent to have conflicts.
CHAPTER IV
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
Several studies, like the evaluation of the Tacloban resettlement by Thomas (2015),
showed the inefficiency of off-city relocation. Thus, in-city relocation is highly preferred
even by the NHA (see Table 4). However, the hypothesis of the study, which is, a mere in-
city relocation program is insufficient in providing necessities and opportunities to the
relocatees, was proven by the issues addressed by the gathered data.
From all the problems presented, the lack of stable source of income, detachment
or lack of engagement between the resettlement and the LGUs and the distance of the
resettlement from other public facilities, commercial establishments and other areas
interplays and greatly contributes to the inaccessibility of Education, Livelihood, Crime
and Disaster Safety, Healthcare, Food, Potable and Safe Water, Utilities, and Good and
Sustainable Housing. Other issues also include faulty information dissemination, lack of
ethics in services, etc.
There is a need to establish public colleges and universities near the resettlement
area. TESDA programs need to be accessible in the community, it is less likely that people
would avail to TESDA programs if it is only available outside of the resettlement, since
people would prefer to work outside than to study outside, as working outside would bring
in income than studying outside which would mean more expenses and no return of income
or money for the short. It is important to note that while accessing vocational training is
beneficial in the long term, it is important for the people to have a livelihood or stable
source of income that would sustain their daily necessities. This is why putting a TESDA
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program inside the community reduces time, energy and financial cost for the people and
it would encourage them to avail the program. Acquisition of available unused and
unproductive private lands can be used in introducing livelihood programs such as
gardening which was also implemented in Northville 1, however, people in Northville 1
do not plant on fields, but on pots. While the ALS remains to be an alternative, the
relocatees are not aware of its availability within the community. Scholarship programs are
helpful too, but the Caloocan City Hall or the Barangay 171 Hall that may sponsor
scholarship programs are far from the resettlement.
Public Hospitals should also be built near the resettlement with complete equipment
and facilities. To prevent delays in medical supplies in health centers by DOH, the health
center must have a secure connection and engagement with PGH. Increases to health
personnel and facilities such as rooms are also suggested to accommodate more patients
and to ensure privacy in medical operations. Public Health research is highly encouraged
so the health center is aware of what health programs are relevant and are needed by the
relocatees. It may also help the health center on what equipment would they need to help
treat the people. This is also to take preventive measures against common diseases in the
resettlement. With the presence of an active health center and nearby public hospitals,
ambulance response rate is not much of a problem. There must be Health programs that are
accessible, an increase to health personnel that can make rounds and administer the health
programs may also provide an easier access. The LGUs, DOH, Barangay 171 and the
Northville II-B HOA must cooperate with each to make these programs successful.
The railways community in 10th Aveue, Caloocan is situated near the judicial hall
which a lot of police were stationed, while the Northville 1 community has a police station
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situated near the entrance of the resettlement, however, in Northville II-B, Bagumbong,
there are no nearby police stations. The Bpat are not available 24/7 and are not able to
patrol some parts in the resettlement (as expressed by some responses in Table 4, in
contrary to some who responded that the Bpat patrols on a daily basis). Crimes are urgent
cases, and a nearby police station that can easily respond to resolve these and other
community issues is a must to ensure the crime safety of the respondents. There should be
a Disaster Safety committee established by the barangay, the Caloocan local government
and the Northville II-B HOA. The Disaster Safety Committee in partnership with other
organizations, and the LGU may conduct Disaster Safety Programs and seminars to
increase the awareness of the people and their readiness or preparedness against disasters.
This may also be further strengthened by integrating researches about dangers and hazards
in the community and hazard maps. The seminars must also introduce and provide an easy
access to tools and emergency equipment. For example, rape whistles and/or sample pepper
sprays to be introduced and given to families. Other emergency equipment can be made
available through the Northville II-B HOA, such as stretchers, emergency kits, lifeboats,
vehicles that can be used as ambulance, etc. Nearby evacuation centers must also be
established and the NHA must situate the ones they relocated near the creek to safer spaces.
The fact that they relocated these people to another danger zone (which is near the creek
that overflows and causes floods) means failure of the NHA to provide safer homes for the
people.
In the Northville 1 resettlement, the people expressed their opposition against the
bulk selling schemes of Maynilad and other private water institutions, and as a result, they
were installed with individual meters and only pay what they consume. The relocatees in
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Northville II-B must follow the former’s example and assert their rights in accessing
potable and safe water, and quality water services. They must be supported by the HOA,
LGU and Barangay 171 officials for their requests. Better quality services shall fix the
issues or overpressure, and muddy or unclear water.
With the substandard housing design and structure, the community, led by the HOA
must initiate planting activities, especially trees, to reduce the impact of heat to the
community. The NHA also needs to remove penalty fees and other interests or give the
housing for free with the support of government subsidy to lighten the burden of the people,
since only few relocatees can afford to pay for the housing, while the others are already
buried with penalties and other interests that they can no longer afford the house, also
considering the remaining years of payment and their living conditions. This defeats the
vision, as well as the mission of NHA to provide homes for the homeless Filipinos.
Livelihood and the lack of stable source of income is the biggest issue in the
community. Because people do not have any source of income, they resort to crimes which
threaten their fellow relocatees, they cannot pay for school expenses, do not have any
money to afford food, healthcare transportation fares or to give payments to water and
electricity services, especially to the housing program. Inter-agency efforts must be
strengthened to cater to the needs of the relocatees, such as training and vocational
programs by the TESDA which was mentioned earlier. Issues in the sector of workers must
also be addressed, especially contractualization, discrimination (in terms of age, ethnicity,
appearance, etc) and harassment in the workplace, and also other issues as well. A market
must also be situated within or near the community and the market should also be
accessible to passersby and to nearby communities so the vendors would have greater
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income. Small industries such as hair salons, handicraft stores can be established near the
market. The market must trigger a productive economic activity for the relocatees, since
the relocatees go back to the railways (thus, abandoning, selling or renting-out their houses)
because the railways has a good economic activity compared to the resettlement where
there are only few potential buyers and no existing market that is also known by nearby
communities. In order to have a good start in the business, the relocatees also need to have
a good access to credit or be given with a starting capital. Other industries such as
handicraft-making, or sewing, also needs to be updated with sufficient machines or modern
technology so they can have a more efficient production. All of these would provide the
relocatees and easier access to marketing and a more stable source of income that would
improve their living conditions.
Faulty information dissemination also hinders the accessibility of opportunities, in
the railways, the news spread easily because of active interaction and social networks and
also with the efforts of other nearby barangays in handing out fliers, announcing through
megaphone and loudspeakers, and letting its personnel make rounds to spread information
or to administer the programs. The HOA, in cooperation with the Barangay 171 and the
Caloocan City Government may adopt this technique. Just like in Northville 1, the
engagement and involvement of the Northville 1 resettlement, its barangay, and the
Valenzuela City Government is commendable. Of course there are still areas of
improvement, but within the resettlement, fire stations, multiple health centers, public
daycare, chapel, market and other facilities are already built. There are also gardening
programs through government agencies, the LGU, barangay and other organizations within
the community which helped boosted the economic activity inside the community. It is
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important that the people have strong ties with the LGU and their barangay to keep the
community strong and productive for its residents. It is important too to recognize the
involvement of church or religion in the community-building process, since churches often
initiate outreach programs, educational programs and even health programs. Churches also
widen and maintains the social network of the residents, especially the more traditional,
religious, and conservative elderly population who participates actively to bible study
sessions and other religious activities. Religion, used in a right way, may also give
empowerment to people and may help in getting rid of destructive behavior brought by
defeatism and hopelessness. It may also help and serve as a social control to keep people
from doing crimes by emphasizing and instilling moral and religious values to the people.
The Northville II-B resettlement needs to take into consideration these aspects for the
development of their community.
Besides the curative solutions suggested, it is important to take preventive measures
to avoid the problems and issues faced by the Northville II-B resettlement and other issues
that are faced by other resettlements. Gilles (2012) in her study pointed out that the
selection of resettlement relies mostly on what is available, rather than on what is suitable.
This is true for the Northville II-B resettlement that are almost isolated from opportunities
and do not have any easy access to public facilities. Ballesteros and Egana (2012) also
mentioned that NHA does not have any criteria to the accessibility of employment and to
social facilities. The lack of criteria only promotes the disregard to people’s necessities and
the continuous conduction of perfunctory consultative meetings with the relocatees. It
should be mandatory that in the selection process, in-depth studies in candidate areas must
be conducted. It might be a long process of investigation, research and study, but it must
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be strictly followed to prioritize the rights of the relocatees to have their access to public
services and to have safe homes. These studies and researches must be people-oriented and
has a direct involvement and participation of the people. Because, people themselves are
the ones who understand best their own context and issues, the people know what they
want and what they need. The government agencies and units must not detach themselves
from each other and must cooperate and coordinate with the people through inter-agency
efforts to effectively provide accessible public services to the people. Checklists, must also
be formulated by people’s organizations, as these checklists will serve as a criteria in the
selection of resettlements. These checklists should be based on multitudes of people-
oriented studies and researches on human resettlements in both rural and urban areas. It is
also encouraged for people’s organizations to form chapters in these resettlements, so
people would not hesitate on speaking up and expressing their concerns. The NHA must
also provide proper and free housing that is subsidized by the national government, unlike
the raw houses that were given that has substandard design and structure, new and efficient
technologies and techniques must be applied in the housing. The housing must also be
flexible in extensions, since big families are common in the Filipino society, such as
extended families. Some who already have families live with their parents for various
reasons like caring for their parents or clinging for economic and social privileges and
opportunities. If NHA wants to stay true to its mission and attain its vision, it must function
as a people-oriented housing agency, because failing in fulfilling the needs of the relocatees
would only cause the abandonment of their resettlement home and reconcentrating to urban
poor areas and be relocated again. The cycle of poverty, homelessness and relocation
ensues at each failed attempt of NHA in serving the people. It is important to note that a
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safe home with access to quality public services is the right of the people, and it is NHA’s
job to fulfill the needs of the homeless and those who lives in danger zones and government
project sites. A mere housing program that only propagates poverty cannot sustain the
needs of their target and ideal beneficiaries.
It is also a question of whom NHA and other government agencies really serve in
the macro or national level. We recall, in the Chapter 2, that NHA’s mandate and vision
are geared towards safe and low-cost housing. However, the case of the Northville II-B
resettlement showed otherwise. While the housing is substandard, the housing payments
are problematic for the relocatees. From a danger-zone (the railways), some are relocated
near to another danger-zone (near the creek). Even the accessibility to public services is
not ensured by the agency. This is why the Kalipunan ng Damayang Mahihirap
(KADAMAY) continues its protests and activities to voice out the complaints and
necessities of the Filipino masses, particularly the sector of the urban poor. Marina Bozar,
a leader of the Northville I Chapter of Gabriela and a member of KADAMAY, pointed out
that the housing must be free, or at least, the interest rates and penalties must be removed,
to ease the payment system for the relocatees. The KADAMAY emphasizes that the
Filipino masses have the right for a free, sustainable, and humane housing. The settlements
approach of Gilles (2012) may contribute in developing the relocation program. It is
important to make the processes in the relocation program participatory and people-
oriented, unlike in the usual processes, wherein, the consultations (which is perfunctory) is
the only stage/phase that involves the relocatees. The relocatees must be in involved in the
area selection, designing of houses and the community, and other activities. The housing
program is meaningless if it is not for free and would only push the relocatees further into
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Poverty. The relocatees are mostly members of the urban poor community and they are,
most likely, unable to fulfill the housing payments and are forced to take on debts or even
not pay at all. The government must subsidize the housing programs as part of its role to
deliver basic social services and fulfilling the rights of its people.
The data also proves Status Consistency (or Inconsistency, the lack of). As
mentioned in the theoretical framework, Wealth, aside from its financial dimension, can
also be interpreted as access to opportunities, while Power is the security of one’s access.
Prestige is the social status of the people, wherein, from informal settlers, they are now
relocatees, which are ideally legitimate settlers in the relocation area, under the housing
program of the NHA. Unlike being an informal settler, a relocatee enjoys better
opportunities by having a legal and legitimate ownership of their properties, under the
relocation and housing program. However, in this case, the relocatees are subjected to
worse conditions with very limited access to their necessities and opportunities. It is worse
compared to their past conditions in their former communities, since they have scarce
resources for livelihood and limited access to employment. Their economic conditions
restrains them to gain access to other services such as transportation. Along with the poor
economic conditions, public services are also scarce and substandard, unlike in their former
communities, where they have more options due to the strategic location of the railways to
other establishments and facilities. There is no security to the access of resources, due to
the isolation of the area that led to only scarce resources (facilities and services) that can
be accessed. As mentioned earlier, the relocatees, themselves, find the land ownership
(after the required payments are finished) under the relocation and housing program to be
uncertain. They were not sure if they can legitimately or legally own their properties, and
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also the process for the TCT is costly and time-consuming. While they do not also have a
certainty for ownership of their properties in the railways, the resources they can access is
abundant as compared to the Northville II-B resettlement. Because of the Status
Inconsistency, as represented by the differences in access to necessities and opportunities
in both areas, the relocatees leave the resettlement and return to their former communities,
where they know that they can regain their lost access to their necessities and opportunities.
The inconsistency in the Wealth (limited access), Power (no security in access, e.g. no
certainty in land ownership and limited public resources that can be accessed with
convenience) and Prestige (from informal settler to relocatee or a beneficiary of the housing
program) leads to a behavior, wherein, the relocatees return to their former communities to
regain the status quo (their better access to their necessities and opportunities). These
inconsistencies represent the failures of NHA and other concerned agencies in providing a
pro-people and pro-poor relocation and housing program.
The context of the resettlement is, of course, affected to other issues in our society
in the macro-level. In the Chapter 3, some of the issues presented are experienced generally
by the Filipino masses, examples of these are contractualization, below minimum-wage
pay, extrajudicial killings through the Oplan Tokhang, privatization of public services such
as water, electricity, communications, education and healthcare, and other issues as well.
The fact that these national and sectoral issues also interplay with the issues in the
resettlement proves the Structuration Theory of Giddens. To understand the context of the
resettlement by only micro perspectives is insufficient. It is important to address the macro-
level issues that are also present in the lives of the relocatees, as the macro-level also
influences the micro-level. The contractualization in factories cannot offer stable jobs with
76
sufficient wages to the relocatees, thus, contributing to Poverty. The issues experienced by
the Filipino masses is also evident in different communities and it affects their accessibility
to opportunities and to their rights. The lack of public hospitals near Northville II-B is also
an issue to other communities as our healthcare system is dominated by private hospitals
and our public hospitals are scarce with proper equipment and facilities to accommodate
patients, this is also true with our education system, our public schools lack facilities and
equipment such as books and other educational materials. As Mesina (2017) have pointed
out, why do we even have urban poor communities in the first place? Why do people live
in government project sites (such as railways) or in danger zones (e.g. creeks, and other
vulnerable areas)? This is where the rural context comes in, due to lack of opportunities
and access to public services, development aggression, militarization, landgrabbing and
other issues in the rural context, the rural folks migrate to urban areas because of the
promise of opportunities and wealth by these urban areas. Living in the urban communities
is not easy too, because of contractualization and job insecurity. This phenomenon is
known as the rural push (what pushes the people to migrate from the rural areas) and the
urban pull (what attracts or pulls the people to migrate to urban areas). At the same time
we are dealing with the micro-level, we should also be addressing what is happening in the
macro-level. If rural development is promoted with the Agrarian Reform and National
Industrialization with the protection of the Independent Foreign Policy, no more will the
rural folks need to migrate to urban areas to access opportunities. While we are solving
these issues at the micro-level, we must also remember to attack the very roots of these
issues.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
77
Case studies to other resettlements will further widen the scope of the discussion
about the living conditions in resettlements. As for the Bagumbong resettlement, in-depth
researches that focuses in one or two aspect/s would also contribute more information about
the area. Examples of these are public health researches that would dig in deeper on the
common sicknesses in the area in relation to the living conditions and the environment of
the relocatees. Researches on the architectural design of the house in relation to the typical
Filipino household or even to the architectural design and structure of the community in
relation to the lifestyle of the relocatees will help in determining how a resettlement should
be constructed and what are the key locations that should be used for economic activities,
public services and residential areas. Policy reviews for the Urban Development and
Housing Act of 1992 and the mandate of NHA for socialized housing would explore the
legal basis of the housing programs and possible amendments and recommendations to
further improve the housing program and services of NHA. This research is also open for
duplication to further update the context of the data from the changes in the resettlement
or the lack of significant change in the resettlement.
viii
BIBLIOGRAPHY
NEWS
Amejolar D. (2015), Government to build new commuter rail service using PNR right-of-
way, InterAksyon, retrieved on 25 February 2017 from
http://interaksyon.com/business/105256/government-to-build-new-commuter-rail-
service-using-pnr-right-of-way
Dela Paz (2016), Duterte gov't calls off auction for South Line of North-South Railway,
Rappler, retrieved on 26 February 2017, from
http://www.rappler.com/business/152682-south-line-north-south-railway-neda
De Vera B., Camus M. (2016) Gov’t readies P1-T railway projects, Inquirer.net, retrieved
on 25 February 2017, from https://business.inquirer.net/214682/govt-readies-p1-t-
railway-projects
Melican N. (2013), Time for name change: ‘Diosdedo Macapatay Tao’ hospital,
Inquirer.net, retrieved on 25 February, 2017, from
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/478349/time-for-name-change-diosdedo-macapatay-tao-
hospital
NEDA (n.d.) Neda Board approves Six Transport Infra Projects: Projects seen to improve
Connectivity in Luzon, Mindanao, retrieved on 26 February 2017, from
http://www.neda.gov.ph/2015/02/16/neda-board-approves-six-transport-infra-projects-
projects-seen-improve-connectivity-luzon-mindanao/
Philstar Global (2009), Caloocan creates body to help displaced railway squatters, Philstar,
retrieved on 25 February 2017, from http://www.philstar.com/metro/479242/caloocan-
creates-body-help-displaced-railway-squatters
BOOKS
Anasarias K (n.d.) A Primer on Internal Displacement, BALAY Rehabilitation Center,
Diliman Quezon City
Anasarias C. (n.d.), Buhay Riles: Karapatang Pantao ng mga Apektado ng PNR
Rehabilitation Project, BALAY Rehabilitation Center, Diliman Quezon City
Pyakuryal K. (ND), Weberian Model of Social Stratification –A Viewpoint-, Occasional
Papers pp. 15-25
Turner J. (1986), The Theory of Structuration, American Journal of Sociology, Volume 91,
Issue 4 (Jan.,1986), 969-977
RESEARCHES & JOURNALS
Ballesteros M., Egana J. (2013), Efficiency and Effectiveness Review of the National
Housing Authority Resettlement Program, Philippine Institute for Development Studies
ix
Cernea M. (ND), Impoverishment Risks, Risk Management, and Reconstruction: A Model
of Population Displacement and Resettlement, Anthropology and International Affairs
George Washington University Washington, DC., USA
Gilles S. (2012), Humanizing Socialized Resettlement Housing Programs: A Challenge
Towards Sustainability Practices In Urban And Rural Communities, College of
Architecture, University of the Philippines
Kolkma W. (2006), Asian Development Bank’s Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards
Project Case Studies in the Philippines, Asian Development Bank
World Health Organization (2003) Chlorine in Drinking-water, Background document
for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (retrieved on 24 Mar
2017, from http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chlorine.pdf)
ONLINE SOURCES
Asian Development Bank (n.d.), North–South Railway Project South Line Project Brief
for the Opportunity to Design, Build, Finance, Operate, and Maintain a Landmark
Commuter and Long–Haul Rail Asset in the Republic of the Philippines, retrieved on
25 February 2017, from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/page/82619/nsrp-
teaser.pdf
DILG, HUDCC (n.d.) Implementing Rules and Regulations to ensure the Observance of
Proper and Humane Relocation and Resettlement Procedures mandated by the Urban
Development and Housing Act of 1992, retrieved on 25 February 2017, from
http://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/websitecms/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1328_rev.pdf
Food security: Concepts and measurement. (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2016, from
http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4671e/y4671e06.htm
PPP Center (n.d.), North-South Railway Project- South Line, retrieved on 25 February
2017, from https://ppp.gov.ph/?ppp_projects=north-south-commuter-rail-south-line
Railway-Technology (n.d.) North-South Railway Project, Philippines, retrieved on 25
February 2017, from http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/north-south-
railway-project/
INTERVIEWS
A. Mesina (personal communication, February 23, 2017)
E.Mamarin (personal communication, February 24, 2017)
M. Bozar (personal communication, March 10, 2017)
NHA Bagumbong Office (personal communication, February 24, 2017)
P. Divina (personal communication, March 10, 2017)
x
APPENDIX A
SAMPLE THESIS QUESTIONS
The following questions were expressed in Filipino language, to avoid language barriers
and other obstacles that would unnecessarily put a distance between the respondents and
the researcher. While the interview is unstructured and informal, to allow the respondents
in stating their opinions freely, the following questions served as the backbone of the
interview or outline of necessary data to be gathered. The structure or flow of the
questions may change according to how the respondents would answer in the interview.
Pangalan/edad
Hanapbuhay
Edukasyon: (Madali ho bang magpaaral sa loob ng komunidad? Ano ang mga hamon o
problema na inyong nararanasan sa pagpapaaral/pag-aaral ngayong lumapit kayo sa
komunidad na ito?)
Ilan ang paaralan na malapit sa lugar? Pribado o pampubliko? Magkano ang tuition fee
(estimated)?
Gaano kalayo? (maaaring sukat na kilometro o ilang sakay at anong sasakyan)
Hanggang anong antas ang mga malalapit na eskwelahan? K-12 na rin ba?
May mapagbibilhan ba ng kagamitan sa eskwelahan?
May mga pampublikong nursery o daycare ba sa lugar? May mga programa ba tulad ng
Vocational education ng TESDA na malapit sa lugar?
Hanapbuhay: (Paano nakaapekto ang inyong paglipat sa inyong kabuhayan?)
Gaano kalayo ang tinatahak mo papuntang trabaho?
May livelihood programs bas a loob ng komunidad?
May malapit ba na palengke? At mga job fair?
Dati ka bang nagtitinda sa nasasakupan ng PNR? Ano na ang iyong trabaho ngayon?
(if the respondent answered that they are still working as vendors in the marketplace)
Saan ka nagtitinda ngayon? Bumabalik-balik ka ba noong mga nakaraang araw sa riles
upang makapagtinda?
xi
Kasama ka ba sa nabigyan ng puwesto sa palengke na itatayo na malapit sa sinasakupan
ng PNR sa Kalookan?
Kung oo, may renta ba na sinabi na babayaran ninyo? Ano ang rate ng renta na ito?
Nakita mo na ba ng magiging puwesto mo sa itatayong palengke? Gaano kalaki ito
kumpara sa puwesto mo dati sa may riles?
Seguridad: (Ano ang mga nakikita niyong banta ng krimen o sakuna sa inyong lugar?)
May kapulisan o tanod ba sa loob ng lugar?
Anong mga kadalasang krimen na nagaganap sa loob at malapit sa lugar?
Naaksyunan ba ito ng awtoridad? Paano?
May mga programa bang para sa seguridad sa loob ng lugar tulad ng pagtuturo ng mga
first-aid treatment?
Lapitin ba sa sakuna ang lugar? Madali bang bumaha?
May mga malapit bang evacuation center? Gaano kalayo?
May mga emergency equipment ba sa loob ng resettlement? Madali ba itong maakses?
Transportasyon: (Gaano kadali o kahirap ang pagbiyahe mula sa inyong komunidad
patungong ibang erya tulad ng palengke, lugar ng hanapbuhay at paaralan?
Madali bang maakses ang transportasyon sa lugar? May malapit ba na mga terminal ng
dyip, traysikel, bus o iba pang transportasyon?
Mga magkano ang nagagastos nyo sa araw-araw para dito?
Kalusugan: (Ano ang nagiging banta sa kalusugan sa loob ng komunidad? Paano
nakaapekto ang inyong paglipat sa inyong kalusugan?)
Saan nyo itinatapon ang mga naiimbak ninyong basura? May mga trak ba o mga basurero
na kinokolekta ang mga basura sa loob ng komunidad?
May malapit ba na pampublikong ospital o klinika? May mga programang
pangkalusugan ba sa loob ng lugar?
Ano ang madalas na sakit na nakukuha ng mga mamamayan? Ano sa tingin mo ang
dahilan dito?
Pagkain at tubig, at Kuryente: (Kumusta ang pinagkukunan ng kuryente, tubig, at pagkain
ng komunidad? Ano sa tingin mo ang mga isyu o banta ukol dito?)
De-gripo ba ang tubig dito?
xii
May linya ng tubig?
May linya ng kuryente?
Malalapit na palengke?
Bahay (Ano ang mga nakikita mong isyu sa istruktura at pagmamayari sa inyong bahay at
lupa?)
Sapat ba laki ng bahay sa laki ng pamilya?
Sa tingin ba nila ay ligtas ito sa sakuna?
Maaring problema o isyu sa bahay at sa puwesto nito
May titulo ba sila sa lupa?
Policy Recommendations
Alternatibo:
Pangkalahatang solusyon sa:
Edukasyon
Hanapbuhay
Seguridad
Transportasyon
Kalusugan
Pagkain, Tubig at Kuryente
Bahay
Ano sa tingin mo ang nararapat gawin ng pamahalaan para mabawasan ang mga
problemang nararanasan sa loob ng mga resettlement?
KII Questions:
Basic profile:
Pangalan at edad
Organisasyon at Posisyon sa organisasyon
Hanapbuhay
xiii
Paano ang proseso ng seleksyon sa magiging erya ng resettlement? Bakit isa ang
Bagumbong sa napili?
Paano ang proseso ng preparasyon sa mismong resettlement at ang pagpapalipat ng mga
tao dito?
Partikular sa Bagumbong, ano ang mga nakikita niyong isyu o banta sa:
-Edukasyon
-Hanapbuhay
-Seguridad
-Transportasyon
-Kalusugan
-Pagkain, Tubig at Kuryente
-Bahay
Ano ang mga maaaring solusyon sa mga problemang ito? Ano rin ang maaaring gawin
para maiwasan ito?
APPENDIX B
TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEWS WITH THE KEY INFORMANTS
TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEW WITH MS. ESTRELLA MAMARIN
Estrella ‘Ella’ Mamarin (President of Northville II-B Homeowners’ Association)
Researcher: Una po, ano pong pangalan niyo po tsaka edad po?
Estrella Mamarin: Estrella Mamarin, 53 years old.
R: Ano pong hanapbuhay niyo po nga’yon?
E: Sa HOA lang, Home Owners’ president ako ng Home Owners’ Association. Wala, tinaon ko
na ‘yong sarili ko sa paglilingkod sa komunidad.
R: Sa tingin niyo po ba, dito po sa lugar niyo po, madali po ba ang pagpapaaral po ng estudyante
po lalo na (inaudible).
E: Oo madali lang ‘yong mga ano, kagaya ng mga elementary tsaka high school kasi nandi’yan
lang, malapit. Dito rin mismo sa loob ng subdivision.
R: May mga ano po ba dito, day care po?
xiv
E: Day care, oo, meron. Dito rin sa dulo. Mayroong tabing multi-purpose doon na day care ang
ano, ang nilagay.
R: Pampubliko rin po ba siya?
E: Ha?
R: Pampubliko rin po ba siya?
E: Oo, public din ‘yon eh. Under sila ng DSWD.
R: Meron po bang ano dito, TESDA po?
E: TESDA? Sa barangay. Doon mismo sa barangay.
R: Ano po ‘yong madalas na inirereklamo po ng mga tao po tungkol po sa pagpapaaral po?
E: Siguro ‘yong mga baon lang, sa mga project kasi ‘di ba karamihan dito ano, mga walang
hanapbuhay ‘yong pamilya.
R: Sa tingin niyo po ay bakit po kaya mahirap po makapaghanap po ng hanapbuhay?
E: ‘yong mga ano, sa trabaho nila, syempre ‘yong iba alam mo na, walang pinag-aralan. Syempre
‘pag nag-apply ka hinahanap ‘yong college level ka man lang, e ‘yong iba mga lasenggo pa.
Syempre ‘yong pagkatao tinitignan doon ‘pag nag-apply ka ng trabaho.
R: Ano po ba ‘yong mga pabrika po na malapit po?
E: Public na?
R: Pabrika po.
E: Ay, pabrika. Oo meron dito. Sa pabrika naman ang inaano 18 to 35 years old lang, e. Marami
dito nagtatrabaho mga binata, mga kadalagahan na hindi na nag-aaral. Doon nagtatrabaho sa may
Magic Sarap, sa may cornick, marami dito.
R: Bukod po sa may age limit po, maayos po ba ‘yong pagpapasweldo po nila doon?
E: Parang hindi minimum. Hindi minimum ang sahod nila.
R: Bale ang kakulangan po ay ‘yong trabaho?
E: ‘yong trabaho, pagkakakitaan.
R: Sa talipapa po ba, meron po bang taga-dito po na nagtitinda po sa talipapa po?
E: Sa talipapa? Wala. Sa mga gilid-gilig lang ng mga harapan nila, ng bahay sila nagtitinda.
R: Maayos naman po ba ‘yong sa, pag nagbebenta po?
E: ‘yong paninda nila? Maayos ba? Kasi ‘pag hapon wala na e, madaling araw namimili sila sa
ba’yan, tas para itinda nila. Marami na ring nagtitinda sa mga harapan ng bahay nila, dahil dito
gagawin pa lang ‘yong talipapa sa dulo kaya ‘di pa sila nakakapuwesto
R: May mga ano po ba dito, kunwari mga livelihood programs po?
xv
E: Wala. Dati mayroon kaso, medyo ‘di na nagging productive.
R: Ano po kaya ‘yong nagging problema po kung bakit hindi siya nag---
E: Hindi ko alam, sabi nila walang puhunan.
R: Nung nagkaroon po dito ng livelihood program, lahat po ba ay naabutan po?
E: Pero ‘yong di naman livelihood na pera na pinapahiram, marami rin kaming ginawa ka-partner
ang NHGU, kagaya nung tinuruan ang mga nanay ng pagmamanicure, pedicure, tapos gupit.
‘yon, naging under ng livelihood ‘yan. Marami na dito, tapos ‘yong nagmamassage, namamasahe,
marami na rin may trabaho dito sa pagmamasahe.
R: Sa tingin niyo po, ano po ‘yong madalas po na nangyayari dito na krimen?
E: Krimen? Nung last na nagshare, may mga ano naman ‘yon, talagang alam naming na iligal ang
gawain ng mga natotokhang. Sa nga’yon ‘di na ganoon ka ano, kasi ano kami dito lumipat 2008,
November 2008, 2008 hanggang sa 2010, magulo kasi syempre lahat mga taga-riles e. Nag-
aanuhan ng tapang, kung sino ang matira ‘yon ang matapang. Pero nung umupo na ako ng 2009,
December kasi ang eleksi’yon naming nung 2009, nung 2010, ‘yon medyo nahirapankami nung
una kasi rambulan talaga, batuhan dito batuhan doon.
R: Parang may mga fraternity po?
E: Oo, fraternity.
R: Nag-aaway po sila sa teritoryo.
E: Iba-ibang fraternity ang may ano dito noon pero nung dumating na ang 2011, nagtatag kami
ng BPAT, Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team, tapos makikipag-ugna’yan kami sa barangay ,
sa mga kapulisan. Medyo nabawasan na ang mga siga-siga dito napakulong na namin. Hanggang
nga’yon nasa kulungan pa rin. Nabibilin naman sa magulang e, kasi kagawad ako dati doon sa
Barangay 17. Sabihin mo kako kay Kagawad Ella salamat kasi kung hindi napakulong, patay na
rin daw sila nga’yon. Ang iba namatay na e, mga namatay na ‘yong mga kalaban nila, ‘yong mga
founder founder.
R: Bale lahat po ‘yon ay mga taga-dito na po?
E: Dito na, galling sa riles. Awa ng Diyos nga’yon away na lang ng mga babae, ‘yong
nagbabarangay. Dati kasi wala akong pahinga e, pagging ko alas singko pa lang may gulo na e,
nakakatulog ako alas dose na ng gabi, may away pa rin. Pero nga’yon awa ng Diyos bihira na
lang, pinag-aawa’yan na lang dito nga’yon ‘yong mga tungkol sa utang, tungkol sa mga mag-
asawa, ‘yong mga ganun na lang. Wala nang ganun kabigat.
R: ‘yong mga fatality na po ba na ‘yon ay sa mga nakawan po?
E: Oo dati, sa nakawan. Oo nakawan dito, pero nga’yon takot na yatang magnakaw. Wala na, sa
awa ng Diyos wala nang nagrereport sa amin na may nagnakaw.
R: Madalas naman pong nagtatanod po ‘yong mga pulis po?
xvi
E: BPAT. ‘yong ano barangay, ang ano ko dito, BPAT na tinatawag, Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team. Bale ano kami nga’yon, 70, 70 kada gabi 10. Sa loob ng pitong araw, isang lingo,
araw-araw may duty sila.
R: May shift po?
E: Kaya natakot na rin sila, kasi ang Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team under ‘yon ng PNP,
konektado kami sa PNP, kinikilala kaya medyo na (inaudible) na rin siguro.
R: Mga hanggang anong oras po ‘yon?
E: Alas dose, kasi ano naman ‘yon eh, volunteer lang walang sahod. Oo. Dati mayroon kaming
ano, ‘yong curfew. Pinatupad ng city noon ang curfew, pinatupad din namin dito. Simula noon,
nabawasan na ‘yong mga ganun, mga bata na gala-gala, mga batang nagsisinghot ng ano, mga
bata pa naninigarilyo na. A’yon, paghalimbawa naabutan namin sa kalsada ng mga alas dyis, mga
9:30, nagpapa-ano na ako ni’yan, may signal kami, megaphone, may parang signal na ibig sabihin
nun pumasok na ‘yong mga bata sa bahay, umuwi na. Pag alas dyis, pagbalik namin ng alas dyis,
lagpas ng alas dyis, dadamputin na namin lahat ng kabataan na nasa kalsada. Tapos ‘yong
ginagawa namin ‘pag may nahuhuli kami pinagseservice, community service, pinagwawalis
namin. Kaya ang mga nanay natuwa noon, natuwa sila. E hininto naman ng city kaya hininto
namin. Mamaya, may malabag kami na ano sabihin ng city---
R: Bakit po kaya hininto po ng---
E: Di ko nga alam kung bakit.
R: Nakakatulong naman po.
E: ‘yon nga, malaking tulong nga, ang mga nanay nga Es ibalik niyo ‘yong sa curfew, sabi ko
wala pang memo na binababa. Kaya kung halimbawa may mag-ano uli, ‘yon gagawin uli namin
‘yon. a’yon, medyo naglipana na naman d’yan ang mga kabataan ng wala sa oras. Pero kung
nakikita namin, pinapauwi namin. Binabalaan din namin na ‘pag nakita namin ulit kayo,
dadamputin. Alam naman na nila ‘yon.
R: ‘yong mga programa po rito na kunwari po ay tinuturuan ‘yong mga tao po kung paano po
mag-first aid, kung paano po maging handa po sa mga sakuna po, o kaya po---
E: A, oo. May seminar, nag-seminar ni’yan dito para sa mga disaster. Ano ba ‘yong sa batangay,
DRRM? DRRC ata ‘yon, nag-ano dito ‘yan, nag-ano kami sa mga sakuna kagaya ‘yong sunog,
‘yong mga bagyo. Tinuro sa amin ‘yan, nagseminar ‘yan.
R: Meron po ba dito ‘yong kunwari po e, mga madaling bahain po na parte po?
E: ‘yong bahain dito?
R: Opo.
E: Wala na, kasi dati ‘yong creek nung nag-Ondoy, inabot ‘yong mga dalawang lote namin kasi
may naka--- ang tulay doon kasi may tulay doon, may creek pag dinirediretso, may tulay doon,
‘yong tulay nay un ay hindi (inaudible) ang ano, ‘yong i-style, mayroon pang mga harang-harang
xvii
na ganun kaya nasala ang basura, umapaw ang tubig. E ang ginawa ko nung pagkatapos ng
Ondoy, pinagiba namin ‘yon. Nga’yon wala na, malakas man ‘yong bagyo, walang baha dito.
‘yon ang nangyari.
R: Ate ‘yong sa creek naman po, malaki po ba ‘yong inabot po nung sa baha po?
E: Oo, puno ‘yong creek tapos inabot ‘yong dalawang bloke, ‘yong dalawang bloke na ano---
R: Mga hanggang saan po kaya ‘yong baha po sa kanila?
E: Mga hanggang dito. Naanod ang mga gamit nila, pero saglit lang ‘yon, pagkatapos lang ng
Ondoy. Pinagiba ko na ‘yong tulay kaya di na ano---
R: May ano po ba, mga parang malapit po na evacuation center po?
E: Meron, nung nagkaroon nga ng Ondoy, kahit umuulan nag-aarea kami mga sama ko ‘yong
mga BPAT, mga opisyales, mga WARD. ‘yong mga kabataan nilipat namin sa may elementary
school, dito lang o, nilikas namin sila.
R: A, bale isang lakaran lang po ‘yong elementary school?
E: Eto lang. (inaudible part) Dito ‘yong high school. Malapit lang.
R: mayroon po bang mga emergency equipment po, halimbawa mga stretcher po pag may inatake
po?
E: Ano naman, kasi may ano kami dito sa loob e, may health center. Oo.
R: Kamusta naman po doon po sa health center?
E: May ano di’yan, may doctor, nars, may dentista. Kumpleto. Kumpleto, kaya hindi kami hirap
sa mga ganung--- Parang kami lang kasi dito ‘yong subdivision na mayroon ganun, para magpa
(inaudible) din yata ‘yong mga (inaudible).
R: A, ano po ba, gaano niyo sila madadrama po sila po
E: Oo, ‘yong sa DOTS, ‘yong sa TB, lahat. Kung ano ‘yong ginagawa ng ano sa center.
Kompleto na di’yan e, naghahanap sila ng lote pa nga na pagtatayuan ng lying-in, magtatayo raw
dito ng paaanakan.
R: Pwede rin po sa kanila po ‘yong magpapa-confine po?
E: A hindi siguro. Halimbawa kugn, ang ginagawa siguro ni Doc ‘psg kinakailangang i-confine,
inaano nirerefer.
R: May malapit naman po na pampublikong po na ospital po?
E: ‘yon, ‘yong sa Camarin. Malapit din, bago dumating ng Meralco. Tsaka ‘yong Diosdado,
malayo. Sa Diosdado pa, malayo-layo rin. Tapos Tala malayo-layo na rin ang tala nasa Camarin,
R: Bale ang mga malalapit lang po rito, pribado po na ospital?
xviii
E: ‘yong San Lorenzo lang lagi, ‘yan private naman ‘yan. First aid din lang, ‘pag halimbawa
‘yong mga mabibigat na, ‘di nila ano di’yan, tinatanggap. Halimbawa ‘yong mga nasaksak kaya
minsan panget din ‘yong ospital na ‘yan e pag halimbawa ‘yong nasaksak di nila tatangapin,
paparefer nila sa Tala e ang layo layo ng Tala kaya ‘di na umaabot ‘yong ano. Dapat ang
ginagawa nila ‘di ba ospital sila, binibig’yan nila ng first aid.
R: Bakit po kaya ‘di po nila tinatanggap po ‘yong mga ganun kaso po?
E: Kasi ang ano nil lalo na pag nasaksak, nabaril, parang hindi sila ano doon e, sa mga ganun na
magbibigay ng medico-legal para sa mga kaso-kaso ganun. Siyempre alam nila ikakaso ‘yon eh,
dadaan sa kaso, irerefer nila sa Tala. E pagdating sa Tala doon na dahil napakalayo.
R: Sa ano naman po, sa basura po wala naman pong---
E: Wala namang problema, kasi twice a week dito ang koleksi’yon ng basura.
R: A, sa tingin niyo po, ano pong madalas po na sakit po na nakukuha po ng mga tao po dito?
E: Sakit? ‘Di ko alam, sakit sa puso, high blood dahil sa init din siguro. Sa init ng ano dito dahil
mga wala pang mga ano, puhunan e. ‘yon siguro. ‘yong iba naman may TB kasi, may problema
‘yong ibang tao sa TB dahil kulang sa pagkain, nagpupuyat dahil ‘yong iba nagsusugal. Doon
naman nakukuha ang TB sa ano, sa kakulangan sa ano tapos naninigarilyo kaya siguro. Gutom na
nga sila tapos nagsusugal pa tapos naninigarilyo pa kaya TB ang inaabot. Pero may ano naman,
may gamot sila na binibigay.
R: Libre naman po ‘yong mga gamot po doon po sa---
E: Oo, libre.
R: Ano po ba, sa linya po ng tubig tsaka sa kuryente po, nagkakaproblema po ba? Kunwari sa
agos po ng tubig po, o kaya po ‘yong may kulay po ‘yong---
E: A, wala naman kasi ‘yong tubig dito pina-examine ‘yan sa ano, dahil ano rin kami, direkta ng
Maynilad. ‘yon nga lang may bulk meter lang pero Maynilad pa rin ‘yong tubig. Ano ng
Maynilad, ubod ng Maynilad. Wala naming problema. Maliban na lang kung halimbawa
sasabihin nh Maynilad na may aayusin kami na koneksi’yon sa dito Deparo, mawawalan ng
tubig, ‘yon lang, nawawalan ng tubig.
R: Sa bayaran naman po, maayos naman po?
E: Sa bayaran, medyo mataas kaysa Maynilad sa direct, kasi ano pa lang kami dito, bulk meter pa
lang dito e. Ano naman, kasi 7 cubic P223 lang e, 7 cubic. ‘yong iba nga ‘di nauubos ‘yong 7
cubic e. Kami, kagaya namin, 6 kami sa pamilya, ano lang, nagbabayad lang kami ng P447.
Sagana talaga dahil ang mga halaman pa, maglalaba pa. Ano naman kaysa dati. Nung unang
dating namin dito, ‘yong truck na inaano sa drum. Sa bawat na malaki P30, i-times mo ‘yon sa
araw-araw P30, edi 900. Medyo maano rin naman sa nga’yon.
R: A, bale Ate nagkapunto po na wala pong---
xix
E: Wala pa, walang tubig tsaka kuryente. Pero ‘yong kuryente madali naming nailakad kasi ang
kurynte, ang NHA pa rin ‘yon, ang pagpapakabit, ‘yong developers. Contractor siguro ang ano,
pero ‘yong tubig talaga wala, as in. Uso na mabaho, ang baho-baho, parang pang ano lang sa
halaman, pambuhos sa CR. Hanggang sa makipag-usap kai doon sa mga trak kung pwede pasukin
‘yong lugar namin ‘yon nga lang P30. ‘yong inumin bibili ng mineral.
R: Sa ano po ba, ‘yong sa (inaudible) bahay po mga residente po sapat naman po sa pamilya po
nila po?
E: Hindi. Kung tutuusin halimbawa kasi may mga pamilya dito na, mga nag-asawa na ‘yong anak
sama-sama pa rin sila. Masikip para sa kanila. Masikip. Masikip kasi 20 m2 lang e. Maliit sa
kanila, siyempre lumalaki ‘yong mga anak nila. Kung 2009 lumipat dito, siyempre mga naglaki
na ‘yon, ‘yong iba nagsipag-asawa na, masikip talaga.
R: Sa tingin niyo po ba e, matibay naman po ‘yong mga bahay po na binigay po ng NHA po?
E: ‘Di ganun katibay, kasi parang ano lang e, walang poste. Walang poste ‘yong ano, tama lang
‘yan, ginanun na lang, pala-pala, ano lang---
R: Hollow blocks lang po?
E: Oo, pero ‘yong, ang ginawa namin kagaya nito, kami na ang nag-ano nito, kami na ang
nagpatibay, kami na ang nagbarikada. Nung sa ano talaga, magaspang. Kami ang nagpagawa,
nagbarikada.
R: Sariling pera niyo na po ‘yon?
E: Oo, sarli na namin.
R: May binibigay po ba na titulo sa lupa po?
E: Kapag ano na, nagbibigay ng titulo kapag nabayaran mo na. ‘Di ba hulugan ito galing NHA,
‘pag nabayaran mo na, bibig’yan ka ng NHA ng ceritification na (inaudible). Nga’yon, ‘pag
nabig’yan ka na ni’yan pupunta ka na doon sa Deans of the Measure sa Quezon City. Ikaw na ang
maglalakd doon para mabig’yan ka ng titulo. Ikaw pa rin ang gagastos.
R: Ay may gastos po siya?
E: Oo.
R: Mga magkano po---
E: Sabi nung ano mahigit P5, 000 yata ang nagastos niya. Siguro kasama na doon ‘yong mga
gastos niya sa paglakad. May binabayaran daw doon.
R: Magkano po kaya ‘yong mismong bahay po, magkano po ‘yong binabayad po doon?
E: Dati ano, ‘yong total talaga nito na lupa’t bahay, P175, 000. Nga’yon, may ano ‘yong parang
nagloan ay ibig sabihin na may tulong ang gobyerno, sabihin na nating tulong ng gobyerno ‘yon
na P25, 000 tsaka P10, 000. ‘Di magkano na lang ‘yon, P140, 000. Nga’yon ‘yong P140, 000
kung mag-full payment ka, halimbawa i-cacash mo, may discount ‘yon na P20, 000, di P120, 000
xx
na lang babayaran mo. E kung halimbawa kaya ng iba na hinuhulugan lang, ‘yong iba nga hindi
pa nakakahulog kasi wala ngang panghulog, tinutubuan ng NHA. May tubo ‘yon, ano ‘yon every
1 year 6 %, 6% per annum na tinatawag. Kung halimbawa sa isang buwan ‘di ka makahulog, kasi
nung umpisa 1 year to 5 years P200 lang, 6 years to 10 years P 400. Nga’yon P400 na, kasi 2009
pa kami dito e, mag-e-eight years na kami dito. O ‘di ba matagal na. Nga’yon kung halimbawa ‘di
ka makahulog sa isang buwan, tutubuuan din ‘yon, 1% ‘yon, ganun kaano kaya ‘yong mga imbis
na ang utang mo P140, 000 ang, kung tubuan ka ng tubuan ‘di nabaon ka rin. Ganun ang
kahirapan dito, kaya ‘yon ang, minsan nakikipag-dialogue kami sa NHA, sa Kongreso na alisin
‘yong tubo kasi kung tubuan ng tubuan, sabihin na natin na ako makakahulog ako, makabayad
ako sa tamanga no, paano na lang ‘yong mas mahirap pa sa akin. Kung mahirap ako, may mas
mahirap pa sa akin. Paano na lang ‘yong ganung kalaga’yan ng mga tao, kawawa ‘di ba?
R: Pwede po kaya na libreng ipamahagi na lang po ng NHA ‘yong sa bahay po?
E: Sa pagda-dialogue namin sa kanila, ‘di raw ganun ang ano kasi ng gobyerno kaya
pinapahulugan ng mura. Para kunwari ‘yong ibinabayad namin, ma-project din nila sa ibang mga
tao na nangangailan. E tayo naman, ‘di naman tayo ano sa, naiintindihan natin ‘yong ganun. Ang
inaano lang natin alisin ‘yong tubo, ‘yong tutubuan nila. Nagpapayag na nga doon sa dapat sa
gobyerno ibigay ‘yon kung talagang, e kaya nga tinatawag na “award” , ang award dapat wala
nang ano, wala nang bayad pero pinaghuhulog pa rin. Dapat ang ano na lang doon alisin ‘yong
tubo. Naihihirapan ‘yong mga tao.
R: Bukod po sa bahay po, ano pa po ‘yong binigay po ng NHA po?
E: Wala, ‘yon lang.
R: Nung lumipat po ‘yong mga tao po?
E: Ano, P1, 000? P1, 000 lang galing sa local government yata ‘yon na paunang pangkain,
pagkatapos na nun wala na.
R: Ano po ba ‘yon, ‘yong sa (inaudible) na po na ‘yon ay kasama po kayo kontrata po na
pinirmahan?
E: Hindi, parang wala naman. May pinirmahan kami na nagbigay ng P1, 000.
R: A, ‘yon din po ‘yong nakalagay po sa kontrata?
E: Hindi, wala naming kontrata na ganun pero man lang na na-receive namin ‘yong P1, 000.
Parang tulong lang siguro nila ‘yon sa paunang araw ng pangkain ng pamilya.
R:
E: A, meron, may agreement, mayroong agreement. ‘yong agreement, para sa hiniram namin na
mga ano dito na mailipat ito, P100, 000 sa bangko yata o sa (inaudible). ‘di ko lang alam, ‘di ako
sigurado kung saan basta may ni-loan kami na tag-P100, 000 kasi ‘di ba karaniwan na ni-
rerelocate ay NHA ang may kagustuhan. Halimbawa kagaya namin noon , sabi ng NHA sa may
ano kami, Tower Bell, pero umapela ang mga tao na kung maaari MCP. A’yon, tunulong si
Mayor Ricom mismo, kasi siya pa ang nakaupo noon e, si Mayor Ricom. Nga’yon, sabi ni Mayor
Ricom, ayaw ko na lumabas ang mga taga-Caloocan sa Caloocan kaya naghanap ng lugar dito na
xxi
sakop pa rin ng Caloocan. Kaya itong lupa dito, private ito. Private ‘to e, na lupa, kay ano, kay
Daez. ‘Di ko lang ano kung ano ang tunay na pangalan basta Mr. Daez ang may-ari. 10 hectares
ito e. nga’yon para makuha ito, nagloan ng tig-P100, 000 ang mga tao para ibayad dito sa lupa.
Ganoon ang nangyari, kaya nagging MCP kami, tinawag kami na MCP Relocation.
R: Paano po, babayaran po ba ng local government ‘yong ni-loan nyo?
E: Hindi local government ang magbabayad nun. ‘yong hinuhulog namin ‘yon ang
pinangbabayad doon.
R: A, ‘yong pinangbabayad po sa bahay po?
E: Ganun ‘yong ano, hiwalay kasi ‘yong lupa tsaka ‘yong bahay. ‘yong bahay, ano ng NHA ‘yon
pero ‘yong ni-loan namin para pambayad dito sa lupa, inano ‘yon, ni-loan. Kaya nga mayroon
kaming loan agreement e, P100, 000.
R: Mayroon po bang ano, bago po ilipat ‘yong mga tao, nagkaroon po ba ng konsultas’yon po na
kunwari po dito po kayo ilalagay?
E: Oo, mahabang konsultas’yon ‘yon kasi unang-una, inano muna nila, sinurvey muna nila kung
sino ‘yong mga naninirahan sa riles mula 2001 bago ilikas (inaudible) nag-survey muna sila kung
sino ‘yong mga naninirahan sa riles, na totoong naninirahan tapos pinagsubmit ng requirements,
family pictures, mga katuna’yan na ikaw ‘yong nakatira doon mula ng ganitong tao. Mahabang
proseso rin e kaya nga nailikas kami mga November 2008 nag-unpisa e hanggang sa 2009. ‘yong
last na likas dito 2009.
R: ‘yong pagpapataas po ng bahay po?
E: Bawal pa ‘yon hangga’t ‘di ka nakabayad.
R: Akala ko
E: Bayaran mo muna ng buo bago ka magpataas. Pero ‘yong iba dito ‘di mo maiwasan dahil
kagaya ni’yan, may pamilya na mga anak niya. Sinisita ng NHA ‘yon dahil ‘yon nga naman ang
patakaran pero minsan may lumalabag pa rin. Ganun naman talaga ang Pilipino kung ano ang
bawal ‘yong ang ginagawa.
R: Sa tingin niyo po, ano po ‘yong pinaka problema po ng (inaudible)
E: Hanapbuhay. Hanapbuhay talaga kasi kung may hanapbuhay sila, kahit papaano may
pambayad sila ng bahay, nakakakain sila ng tama. Kaya nga ang hirap dahil ‘yong iba
nagkakasakit, dahil sa guom din.
R: Ano po sa tingin niyo po ang pwede pong maitulong ng pamahalaan po, ng otoridad po, o
kaya ng mga (inaudible) po na tao ?
E: Unang una dapat ‘yong sa ano, ‘yong mabig’yan ng mga puhunan ‘yong mga ano dahil
mayroon naman dito gusto maghanapbuhay pero wala na nga silang puhunan. Tsaka trabaho ‘di
ba, kahit papaano ma-eendorse. Nagkaroon nga kami ng pa-training doon sa ano, sa mag-aapply.
Ang dami-dami naman ni’yan nga’yon e, doon pa lang sa requirements pa lang wala na silang
xxii
panlakad kaya paano sila makapagtrabaho? ’Di ba? Dapat ‘yong mga ganitong area, matatwag
talaga natin itong indigent talaga, dahil sa 100 person dito ang giginhawa lang dito mga 30 e,
30%. Minsan nga may nagpupunta dito nag-aaway ang pamilya dahil lang pala doon sa walang
makain, gaya nung nanganagalakal lang ang iba dito.
R: (inaudible)
E: Walang makain, totoo ‘yon. Minsan nag-area ako kasi inaantay namin ‘yong asawa niya ‘di pa
umuwi gabing-gabi na, ‘di pa kumakain, kasi ang inaasahan lang nila ay ‘yong tatay. E ‘yong
tatay naman minsan, driver lang. Alam mo naman ‘yong driver, ang kinikita nun magkano lang?
Kulang, tulungan mo man kulang din. Kasi ang kailangan nila di’yan, abi nga ay hindi lagi
big’yan mo ng isda, kailangan turuan mo mangisda e. ‘Di ba? E ‘yon ang ano, big’yan ng
puhunan kahit man lang magtinda-tinda ng gulay sa kariton, ‘di ba? Mabubuhay sila kaso ang
kailangan puhunan.
R: Sa tingin niyo po, kasi sa iba po, covered naman po sila ng 4Ps---
E: Natawa nga ako sa 4Ps e, kukunin pa lang nila ‘yong sahod nila ubos na, nakakapangutan na
sila sa tindahan. Pagdating ng 4Ps ano na, wala na, kulang pa sa--- P500 lang yata ang ano sa 4Ps
bawat pamilya, tapos ‘yong bata na nag-aaral P300 yata ‘yon.
R: Kada ano po siya
E: 1 month, pero ‘di yata every month nag-wwithdraw, every 3 months yata. ‘Di ko masyado
pang naklaro.
R: Bale P500 po ‘yong pagkakasyahin namin---
E: Sa pamilya, halimbawa ako ang magulang P500 sa akin, may anak akong dalawa tig-P300 edi
P600. Kung nag-aaral pero kung hindi nag-aaral, hindi binibg’yan.
R: Bakit po kaya ‘yong iba po na taga-dito po pero lumilipat sila sa ibang area po?
E: Parang binebenta. Marami na ritong nagbentaha, kasi a’yon nga sabihin may bahay ka naman
pero gutom ka. Ganoon ang mga rason nila. ‘yong iba naoospital, ang ano nila ibebenta na lang
nila tapos babalik pa rin doon. Dahil naisip nila mas madali doong dumiskarte ng pera kaysa dito.
Kasi doon ka magtinda-tinda ka lang sa ano, mayroon ka nang pangkain. Kaya a’yon marami na
dito ng nagbebenta. ‘yong ang problema, walang makain, malayo sa trabaho, tapos siyempre ‘pag
magtrabaho ka may pamasahe. ‘yong iba dito nattanggal sa trabaho dahil nalelate, nalelate sila sa
trabaho kaya natanggal sila. Kaya ‘yong iba, ang ginagawa nila, binebenta na lang nila ‘yong
bahay tapos nangungupahan sila doon sa mas malapit sa trabaho nila.
R: Ano po ‘yong hanapbuhay niyo po dati po doon?
E: Ano kami, may jeep kaming pampasada doon sa may 10th Avenue. ‘yong mister ko ang
nagmamaneho. Ako, talaga ako, community service talaga ako. Kagawad ako doon sa Barangay
17. Alam mo ‘yong 17?
R: Opo.
xxiii
E: Sa may likod ng judicial? Eskwelahan dito na central, dito ‘yong sa amin.
R: Ah, sa central.
E: Patliling?
R: Malapit lang po ‘yon sa central.
E: Oo.
R: Mayroon po ba ka’yong parang profile po ng lugar po? Kung ganno karami po ‘yong nakatira
po?
E: Residente namin 11, 000 mahigit na. Dati 10, 950, e nga’yong itong bago 11, 000
R: Mga gaano kalawak po ‘yong lugar po?
E: Lugar dito?
R: Opo.
E: 10 hectares lang. Kasi dapat 14 hectares ‘yong private , ‘di ba nakita mo ‘yong arko, ‘yon ang
pagitan namin dahil dapat hanggang doon. E hindi na binenta ng may-ari ‘yong lupa---
R: A, sa kaniya pa po ‘yong sa labas---
E: Oo ‘yong, sakop sana ‘yon kaso hindi na binenta ng may-ari kaya nag-arko lang hanggang
doon sa dulo. Na-arehan mo na ito?
R: Oo
E: May covered court kami doon, nadudoon ‘yong day care. Nakikita mo ‘yong multipurpose
doon, ‘yon ang day care. Eto ditong multipurpose ‘yon ang pinagdadausan ng mga activity, ng
mga religious, pag may mga ano kami---
R: A, parang doon na rin po ‘yong simbahan po?
E: Pansamantala kasi gagawa pa dito ng chapel.
R: May ano po ba kayo, parang Papa po? Papa po ng komunidad po?
E: Mayroon kaso, may nagpunta na rin dito noon kaso wala na ako sa gobyerno. Mayroon e kaso,
tignan niyo na lang sa NHA. May tao naman doon e sa guard.
R: Tatanong ko lang din po, bukod po dito sa Home Owners’ Association po, ano pa po ‘yong
mga organisas’yon po dito po?
E: Senior citizen, may organization ang senior citizens. ‘yong kooperatiba, kasi ang phase 1, ito,
tsaka ang phase 2, kooperatiba ang tubig nila di’yan, tubig nila kooperatiba. Kami kasi private na
‘yong ano namin, private na ang pagpapatubig, niabayad niya ay 1, 200. Sa phase 1 and 2 ano
siya, (inaudible)
R: Paano po ‘yon pag may private po, ‘di po siya kabit po sa Maynilad po?
xxiv
E: Ano ng Maynilad, ano ng Maynilad kaya lang may bulk meter. Ang nirireading na lang ng
Maynilad ‘yong bulk meter, pero pagdating sa ano sa, sa ano sa mga tao, sa resibo ‘yong mga
ganun, kooperatiba ang nagkikilos. Ang nirireading lang ng Maynila ‘yong kino-consume ng
loob, miyemro ng kooperatiba ‘yong bulk meter lang. Ganun ang ginagawa dito, ganun din dito
sa (inaudible), may bulk meter din .
R: Pero ang (inaudible), nakakabit naman po sa Maynilad po?
E: Nakakabit naman, may bulk meter. ‘yon ang nilalakad ng mayor na magkaroon kami ng
direkta na sa Maynilad.
R: May mga ano po ba, sa loob ng organisas’yon, may ano po ba na parang butaw po na kino-
contribute ang mga---
E: Oo, dapat meron ang home owners, mayroon dapat ‘yon P20 pero mula nung nakaupo ako
hindi ako nangulit. Kasi iniisip ko kokolektahan namin e hirap na nga ng buhay dito. Imbis na
makadagdag pa doon sa pamilya, ‘yon ang rason doon. Kaya nga sabi ko, kung hindi na ako
‘yong president doon, bahala na sila kung maningil sila. Basta ako, hangga’t ako ang nakaupo
ayokong mangolekta.
R: Bale ‘yong mga dinadagdag po na imprastraktura po e sa inyo po dumadaan?
E: Oo, tapos sa NHA. Ano lang a, ‘pag halimbawa na may katabi dito na, nagdadaan sa
(inaudible) covered court, gawa ng city ‘yan. Tapos gaya ng mga multipurpose, gawa ng
barangay, ganun. Ano naman sila, doon sa may (inaudible) sa may creek, NHA ang nagpagawa
nun. May multipurpose kami dito na nilag’yan namin ng day care, NHA ang may gawa nun.
Naisip ko para saan ‘yong P20 na sisingilin, ‘di ba? Pwede naman makahingi sa mga local
government, iba-ibang agency, pagkat paphirapan pa ang mga residente. Tapos magiging isyu pa
‘yan, P20 lang binigay sa’yo tapos sasabihin na (inaudible). ‘Di joke lang. Pagdating sa pera,
‘yon talaga.
TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEW WITH PAUL DIVINA AND MARINA BOZAR
Paul Divina (Northville I Resettlement Homeowners’ Association President)
Marina Bozar (Northville I Resettlement resident, Northville I Chapter of
GABRIELA President, and KADAMAY member)
Researcher: Ah, una po, ano pong pangalan nyo? Paul Divina: Paul Divina po. Marina Bozar: Siya yung ano, ah, chairperson, vice, ay - president ng HOA. Sa tingin nyo po, dito po sa North (inaudible), hindi naman po mahirap po yung pagpapaaral po
ng mga estudyante? P: Pagpaaaral po? Ah pero dito kasi merong mga out of school youth pero may (inaudible) kami
dito sa barangay eh. Un, nakatutulong un. R: May mga ano po ba dito, ah, malapit po na paaralan po na elementary po high school
xxv
P: Ah dito po sa amin kompleto po, ano eh. Meron kaming elementary, may - B: may high school P: -may high school kami. Meron kami rito. R: ah ano po, mga kolehiyo po?
P: Ah kolehiyo, nasa kabilang barangay: dito lang sa may St. Gregory college. B: Ah ano, naman private yun. P: private yun. Pero yung public namin, pamantasang lungsod ng Valenzuela, nasa Malinta. B: nasa Malinta. R: malapit lang din po un? P: ah siguro po ah - B: dalawang sakay. P: Dalawang sakay po, 20 pesos yan sa estudyante mga 16 pesos lang ang pamasahe. Back and
forth 50 pesos - ay mga 32 siguro. R: Ay hindi naman po pala magastos po. P: Tsaka ngayon kasi yung plb namin libre na po ang tuition fee. B: inano sya ni Win Gatchalian P: na si Mayor Gatchalian R: Sa ano naman, meron po ba dito yung mga parang TESDA P: TESDA po ay minsan may mga umiikot po rito at tsaka ang ating punong lungsod po ay
mayroon silang ano e may mga pag-aaral po sila ng mga isda P: nc2 po ba ang tawag roon? B: nc2 may… P: na pwedeng magkatrabaho po pag naka-graduate na sila. Meron po. R: Ah bale nagpapa-training po sila P: Opo, opo, Meron po. Meron po sila R: Ano po ba, ah, mga livelihood programs naman po.. P: Ahh livelihood programs ho, kaka-withdraw lang namin ni kasamang Linda nung last week ho B: mag-uumpisa pa lang sya P: Ah meron po kaming ano, kasi may budget kaming nasa bangko. Meron po kami para sa
livelihood program. R: Sa ano po ba, sa mga training programs po ng TESDA tsaka dito po sa livelihood programs e
naabutan naman po lahat po B: oo P: Ah dito po, nagbibigay po, nagseseminar po sila dito. Madalas po kasi dito yung mga maski po
pagtatanim po natin B: Ngayon CVLA, ngayon iaano kita, iikot tayo nag-aano ng HA ngayon P: kita mo sila, makita mo sila. Ngayon po sila nag-start ng paggawa R: Ano po yung CVLA po? P: ah di ko masyadong, nakalimutan ko ung, meaning ng CVLA eh B: ano po yun ng NHA P: tsaka ng DSWD B: second batch na yun eh R: meron po bang ano dito, parang job fair po? P: Chapter? B: Mga organization? P: meron po dito, tulad ng Gabriela, kay sister - Gabriela yan e. Meron din tayong mga chapter
dito. Mga chapter-chapter po meron R: (inaudible) P: maski po yung mga youth po natin meron R: yung gabriela po, tsaka po yung KADAMAY po, B: eto po, hindi po ako
xxvi
P: eto po si Mr (inaudible) B: ah yung sa Gabriela kasi, ang Gabriela ngayon, dahil ngayon nasa urban poor ang hahawak ay
KADAMAY P: ah ganoon ba? B: opo P: KADAMAY na ngayon? B: kaya nga mas maganda nandito ako dahil kailangan talaga namin mag-assembly, magkaroon
kami ng general assembly ang inaano nga namin ngayong 19 P: dito lang sa atin ka (inaudible) B: Opo, ngayon, di, ang ano ko sa KADAMAY, makausap ang kapitana at tsaka hoa, kayo nga
po. P: Hmm, siguro maging bisita natin si kapitana kung talagang - B: Ayun po P: Sa General Assembly ano B: Ayun talaga ang ano ko, ang inaalok ko sa KADAMAY. Ay nagkaroon ng high blood, hindi
kami nakapang- P: Sinong nagkaroon ng high blood? B: Yung ano, yung ano ng KADAMAY. Yung kakausap sa inyo at tsaka sa kay kapitana kaya
ngayon pa lang papasok ang KADAMAY kung kapag nakapag-assembly pero nag-umpisa na po
kami dahil ako nga po ang ano ng KADAMAY, nasa KADAMAY na kasi ako, nailipat - naipasa
na ako. Ayun, balik, opo, Bagumbong at tsaka dito sa Bignay, ako ang may hawak. Kaya yun po
ang inaano o na, makausap kayo para alam na may papasok kasi ang ano naman po, Gabriela din
po ang nasa taas. Ngayon, bale nakaano lang po ang alliance, oo - naka-umbrella, ang
KADAMAY kaya hindi naman masasabing wala nang Gabriela. Andyan pa rin sya. Ngayon kasi
nasa urban poor housing relocation - hahawakan ng KADAMAY. Ayun opo. R: May nasabi na po ba yung KADAMAY po na gusto po nilang maging proyekto ito po? B: Ang, nag-ano talaga kami, kasi nasa housing na kami, nasa relocation, hahawakan talaga ng
KADAMAY. Ngayon, nag-ano naman kami, nagmi-meeting naman kami. Ngayon nga lang,
kailangan ko talaga, magpa-assembly na para alam ng mga nakatira dito, ng mga dito sa North
Ville, na may papasok na ano pero ano Gabriela pa rin sya. Hindi naman mawawala ang Gabriela
kung kami Gabriela, Gabriela pa rin: nakapaloob lang ang KADAMAY. P: Naka-alyado, naka-umbrella. B: Alliance, ganoon. R: Ano po ba dito, ah, nauso po ba dito yung bentahan po sa posisyon po sa lupa? P: Paano po ang tanong nyo, Sir? R: Yung ano po, bentahan po. P: Yung bentahan kasi, di talaga naiiwasan dito. Kasi nga po hindi pare-parehas ang kapasidad sa
pinansiyal na pangangailangan na ano, syempre po, pag yon pong naninirahan na pamilya rito e
walang trabaho, tapos e napipilitan po silang magbenta ng kanilang rights po. B: Ng rights. Ng pabahay. P: Bagamat ayaw naman po naming mangyari kasi nga sayang. Mahirap ang walang bahay, eh.
Kaya nga lang dahil nga po sa mga nagigipit. Napakahirap po ng mga - kasi nga di po namin
nabibigay ang pangangailangan, napipilitan pong umuwi ng probinsiya R: Ah, ano pong sakop po ng proyeto ng gobyerno po ito? P: Ah ito kasi, project ito ng NHA. R: Ano po ba sya, ah, saan po yung dati pong mga komunidad na mga tao po? B: Sa Malinta, galing riles. P: Marulas hanggang Malanday. R: Bale, pano po yung diba po may palengke na po: ano po sa tingin nyo yung ah, parang naging
stratehiya po o kaya po yung proseso po kung paano po napayaman po ng tao po yung komunidad
po?
xxvii
P: Ah, ibig nyo pong sabihin, paano po napagyaman ang lugar ano po? Ang totoo po nyan, dahil
nga sa tulong po ng LGU eh yung proyekto ay isa sa nagiging pag-unlad ng lugar. Yung mga
medical mission, at nagbibigay nga ng livelihood program. SM… B: SM, ano ba yang SM.. P: SM Foundation. Tumutulong po iyan sa ano dito. Sa pagpapaunlad po ng pamayanan sa North
Ville R: Ah bale may mga ano naman po, sa labas po eh, madali naman pong makahanap po ng mga
available na trabaho po P: Ang totoo po nito, yung mga kalapit-barangay po namin, marami pong pabrika dito sa amin
eh. B: Sa Punturin, Lawang Bato, Panumay, Meycauayan, kaya yun ang napapasukan ng mga
nakatira rito. Yun nga lang, ang sa minimum wage, doon nagkakaano kasi mayroong mga
sumasahod lang ng 250 isang araw, minsan wala pa yatang 250. Basta ang ano kasi dito, basta
may mapasukan sila, or ano, inaano na nila. Tinatanggap kesa naman nakatambay lang sila. P: Underpayment Sir, underpayment yung marami rito mga manggagawa - mga underpayment sa
sweldo R: Meron pong mga taga dito po na umalis po sa bahay nila tas bumalik po sa riles? P: Eh kasi sa riles po alam ko hindi na po pwedeng bumalik e. Bawal na po. R: Ah, bawal na po. P: Binakuran na po iyon e, ano. B: May gagawin. P: Kasi dapat po talaga, nakaplano po yung riles na yun na piang-alisan po namin, lalagyan po ng
bullet train po mula Subic hanggang dito po sa Metro Manila. B: Hindi na. Parang nakalagay dun yung “audit commission”. Yung building. R: Hindi na po sila mag-aano po ng extension ng riles po dun po sa ano po? B: Sa may inalisan ng ano? Diba tatayuan sya dapat ng riles, ng bullet train, kung naka-ano
naman na raw yung - kung tatayuan ng building. Parang audit commission lang yung nandun. P: COA? Commission on Audit? Kasi kung COA, building lang to. Maaring di na sa riles. Kasi
kung building lang to, sa isang gilid lang siguro. Kasi yung lupa ho Sir eh mahaba po ito: diretso
ho hanggang Subic po ito kaya mapakahaba nito. Kaya kung building lang ang itatayo, e kasya
naman siguro sa mga 500 square meters un. O 1000 square meters, maluwang na po yan. Maaring
yung area na tatayuan ng - di ko alam. Kasi ang maganda kasing project dyan talaga, e train
talaga. Mas mailis na ang transportation. Kasi bullet train mabilis, baka wala pang isang oras nasa
Subic ka na. Yun po ang plano R: Bale tuloy po naman po yung plano… P: Ah hindi ko po alam sa kasalukuyan po kung ano yung magiging pagpaplano, pero dati po
yung-- R: Ano po sa tingin nyo po ang pinakaproblema po sa loob ng komunidad? P: Ang pinakaunang problema po natin ay yung mga kabataan po natin, nalulong po sila sa droga.
Bagamat ngayon ay medyo kontrolado na - konti lang naman - kasi nga yung Tokhang. Yun po
ang unang problema po rito. R: Pero hindi naman po nagiigng problema po rito, kunyari po, yung access po sa pagdating po sa
iba pa pong serbisyo po ng public services - kunwari po health care po? B: hindi. P: Ah, dito po kasi may mga clinic. B: May center. P: Tsaka yung mga basic needs po, ay narito po sa amin yan. Tubig, kuryente, nandito po. R: kasi po, yung pagpasok ko pa lang po ay parang nakita ko na po na parang malaki po yung
pagkakaiba nya sa Bagumbong P: Bakit, ano ang pagkakaiba sa Bagumbong?
xxviii
B: Ang Bagumbong kasi, diba, wala silang palengke? Wala silang palengke talaga. Kailangan pa
nilang lumabas sa highway. Tsaka ang bahay nila rowhouse. Dito kasi sa atin, kanya kanyang
gawa: lupa lang at tsaka nagbigay ng pang-materials. P: 40,000. B: 50,000 para sa materyales. Kaya ganon. Eh doon, talagang paglipat nila, may bahay na sila.
Kagaya yan sa kabila ano, northville 1b. Kasi kuya ko nadoon e. Yun ang area ko, sa Bagumbong
at tsaka rito. Bignay. P: Ganoon ba. Tapos makakasama na buong Bagumbong. B: Oo. Caloocan ang kasama ko. R: Ano po dito, nagkakaproblema po ba dito sa bayaran po dito po sa lupa? B: ah yun ang malaking problema dito sa amin. Ah, ang ano kasi samin, yung mabigat lang kasi
samin, yung interes. Yun talaga ang pinaglalaban namin sa NHA. Yung 1% per month, 6% per
annum. Yun po ang kelangan na pinaglalaban. Na mawala ang interes na yun. Kasi pag
halimbawa, mawala yung mga interes na yan, hindi na mahihirapan magbayad yung mga nasa
komunidad. yun lang talaga ang problema dito. R: May nasabi na po ang NHA tungkol po dito sa interes? Sa pagtanggal po ng interes? B: oo, nag-aano kami samin. yun talaga. Nadadayalogo talaga kami sa NHA sa Quezon City.
kasama rin namin ang mga taga-KADAMAY. tutuloy pa rin ang negosasyon. K: May ano po ba, may nasabi na po ba ang NHA tungkol diyan, kung may balak po ba sila po B: yun ang inaantay namin kasi wala pa talaga. Ang ano kasi, ang pinaka ano ngayon, kelangan
suportahan, yung Bulacan. Sa Pandi, sa Balagtas, basta San Jose Del Monte, Pandi, Tungko.
Yung mga ano kasi doon, yung mga AFP, mga naka tiwangwang lang na bahay na hindi
natitirhan, ngayon i-o-occupy ng mga nakatira sa - yung mga nagrerenta, yung mga sharer at
tsaka renter. Bale nagtagumpay sila: occupied na. Pero di pa lahat. Di pa lahat occupied sa
Bulacan. Pero yung inaano namin na 1% per month, 6% per annum, yun ang hinihintay namin
kung papaano. Kung maano talaga ng ano. R: bale ang 1% po, ano po ba sya, may penalty po ba pag di nakabayad? B: oo. R: Magkano po ang penalty? B: Kasi halimbawa, yung lupa, kung malaki ang ano mo, babyaran mo, kahit nagbabayad ka, nasa
interes pa rin. Interes lang ang babayaran mo. Pero yung prinicipal, hindi mo pa nababayaran.
yan. R: Bale gaano, ilang porsyento po ba yung penalty po? B: 6%? P: Ang penalty po ay - (inaudible). Ngayon pag inabot po kayo ng isang taon, merong 6% yun. B: 6% per annum tapos 1% per month. Kaya yun ang pinakamabigat na problema ng mga ano
rito. R: Paano po ba napagkasunduan po na dito po papatayo yung sa resettlement? P: Kasi po nirequest po ng mga tagariles po na kung maari po e maging in city, hindi off city.
Kasi nga po mas gusto nila sa Valenzuela. At ito naman po ay pinagbigayan po ng ating
(inaudible) at tsaka ng NHA. Kaya nga po andito pa rin kami sa Valenzuela K: Ano po ba ito, halos dulo po ng Valenzuela? P: Dulo po. Boundary po natin ang Bagumbong B: Bagumbong, yung ano… R: malapit lang po ba dito yung barnagay po. B: oo, dyan lang sa 3s yan. Pag-akyat mo P: meron po kaming ano dyan, Disiplina village. Bago po iyan 3858 families po ang nailipat po
diyan, kung saan galing po ang mga inilipat diyan sa mga - B: Malinta rin P: - vulnerable area, sa mga danger zone po. Tabing creek, tabing ilog, ilalim ng tuloy, diyan po
dadalhin iyon.
xxix
B: iba iba naman, may Quezon City P: ah pwera Quezon City B: may Malabon P: ah pwera rin po ang Malabon. Buong Valenzuela lang po. B: ah kaya P: project po ni mayor yan. Maganda po yung barangay namin, may service po dyan. R: Bukod po sa 50,000 po na binigay po sa inyo na pang-materyales, ano pa po yung binigay po
sa inyo po? P: merong 10,000 na ano (inaudible) Pambayad ng.. R: bale halos 60,000 P: ay hindi po, sa pagkakaalam ko po, 40,000 yung materyales, 10 000 yung sa labor B: bale, basta ang alam ko, 50. P: yung 10,000, para po sa labor iyon. Pampagawa R: ano po kaya sa tingin niyo yung pinagkaiba, kung bakit po dito, madali pong napaunlad yung
komunidad. Sa Bagumbong po na sobrang hirap? P: kasi nga po, sa pakikipagtulungan po ng local government, nina mayor, kapitana, mga nasa
gobyerno, ayon medyo nagging maayos naman yung ano. Naibigay agad sa amin yung kuryente
tubig ayan dahil iyon ang pangunahing pangangailangan talaga ng tao. Nagkaroon ng streetlight.
Naibigay nila agad. R: Kasi po, sa Bagumbong po, P: malaki ang diperensiya B: ah ang tubig nila ah, (inaudible), Mahal ang tubig nila. Maynilad. P: Individual meter to. Lahat kami meron. R: individual na po? P: lahat kami merong kuntador. Kaya nga po kung dati po may pinapalano po, may mga tumutol
po na grupo kasi nga mataas yung magiging gastusin po ng mga tao. Kasi po kung sa individual
kung dati po e bumibili kasmi sa sa mga nagdedeliver po rito, ako po nag tubig ko po e 60 pesos e
- isang araw po un. B: oo, kasi yung buwan namin, 600 eh. P: kaya naman ako 60 pesos e nagtitinda ng isda, malakas sa tubig, 6x3 halos 1800 ang
binabayaran ko sang buwan. Samantalang ngayon ang binabayaran ko lang, 116. Pag di ako
napasara, 105, ganon. Napakalaki po ng katipiran ko dahil po sa B: kesa po sa ano, anlaki ng binabayaran ninla, inaabot ng 800. R: Yung mga iba po napuputulan po B: oo napuputulan sila, pag hindi sila nagbayad putol R: pero nung dinatnan nyo po, ano po yung.. B: may mga nagdedeliver tsaka may mga poso P: pano po? R: nung pagdating nyo po dito, pano po yung..? P: ah dati po nung unang dating namin ay may nagdedeliver pa po ng tubig. Tapos may isa pa
pong NGO na tumulong samin kung saan po e binigyan po tayo ng pampagawa po ng mga poso.
Pnasa,antala hanggang sa nag-apply po tayo sa aynilad na malagyan po tayo ng individual R: yung sa poso po nagkaproblema po ba, kunwari po yung sa agos po ng ubig P: ah sa poso po may mga lugar po na medyo mababaw. Yun po nag problema na nawawalan po
ng tubig. Per may lugar naman na di nawawalan. Yun lang naman po ang problema. Ang tubig
naman po ay malinis dahil kinukuhanan naman po ng sample yan. R: di naman po nagkukulay dilaw? P: ah sa ilalim, parang kalawang po? B: parang kalawang. Kaya hindi naiinuman ang tubig nila. Kaya panlaba R: yung mga ano, po, yung mga relocatees po dito ay nanggaling lang po ba sa iisang komunidad
po?
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P: ah hindi po, iba-iba. Kaya nga po medyo mahirap pangasiwaan pamunuan. Kasi po galing po
sa bicol, bisaya, mindanao, luzon: parang ganon po . kaya eto eto yung mga nanirahan sa riles na
dayo, kaya pagdating dito, medyo ano medyo nagkakaproblema. Nagkakaway-away. Pero ngayon
po e okay na po. Medyo magkakabarkada na po. Tsaka syempre, may kahirapan: yung uri nga ng
tao ano. Ako nga bilang pangulo ang problema ko rito kahit sa mga opisyales ko, yung ugali ba.
Kung 15 kami, 14 ang kasama ko, 14 rin ang pakikisamahan ko. Bukod pa sa mga myembrong
minsan di naiintindihan yung kalagayan ko bilang pangulo. 24 oras po ang serbisyo ko po di lang
po naiintindihan. Pero di nila nalalaman yung responsibilidad natin. Mahirap, maano, magaan
yung tabaho, pero may mga kritiko pa rin. Di nawawala e. Talagang lahat ng tao talaga may
kritiko. Sa kabila nyun wala naman tayong sweldo, dun pa rin yung pamumuno. Di na nga
tumutulong. Sabi ko, pag-pray nyo na nga lang kami para makapaglingkod kami nang maayos.
Kesa kami pulaan ninyo, andaling magturo ng problema eh pero… B: hirap R: ang mga nandito po hindi lamang po mga relocatees mula po sa riles po? P: ah meron pong mga nagre-rent po dito e. Meron pong mga nagpaparenta po ng bahay. Meron
po. Sir ano po, kami po dito ang lehitiminong nakatira dito ay 1,300. 1,290 yan nang magkaroon
kami ng round table discussion sa NHA. Ah ang populasyon po natin dito ay more or less 11, 000
po. Kaya po kung iangat sa isang barangay, dalawang barangay po - pwede po tayong maging 2
barangay sa dami po. B: oo. Eh lalo na ngayon, dumadami na ngayon. P: kaya nga sana maintindihan ako ng mga myembro na hindi basta basta ang mamuno. 2
barangay po ang populasyon natin kaya sabi ko di nila ako naiintindihan. Pagdating nyo nga ilang
tao na ang lumapit sakin. Marami na, ilan na po yung nagtungo.Pero di naiintihdn ng mga myebro
ano? Sabi ko nga sa inyo kung makikipagtulungan ang mga committee natin e walang probelam.
E kita mo ano bang naging ibang function ng committee? Eh wala, wala talaga e. Ako ang
naglalakad ng acilities natin kasi nga hindi kumikilos ang mga committee. Kasi ang iniisip nung
iba, okay lang, si pangulo naman ang sisisihin ng mga tao. Ganoon ang nagiging balik sakin. R: sobrang lawak po yata ng saop po ng north ville yan. B: bale tatlo sya, 2.8, 2.1, 4.6 P: ano po phase 1 ph 2 ph 3 po B: yun po ang hinawahawakan nya P: kaya nga po sabi ko sa inyo kung populasyon po ang paguusapan, 2 barangay po kami rito kasi
po yung dinatnan po naming barangay rito nung sila’y nahandito may boto lang na 200 panalo ka
na. 1000 lang sila e. Eh ngayon po mmore or less nga 11000 kami rito. Kaya ang politiko, pag
eleksiyon, nandito sa amin. Dahil malaki. R: lahat po ay sakop po ng Valenzuela po? B: oo. (inaudible) B: kaya malaki area ng Valenzuela. 34 barangays. P: de ano, 33 ata. B: yung canumay east at west, naging 33. Pero kung aanuhin mo, 34 barangays. R: meron po ba ditong malalapit po na pampublikong ospital? B: dun din sa Malinta. P: dalandanan, meron. B: Sa karuhatan P: kaya lang po sa mga hinarahap na pagpapalano po, eh dapat po kasi, kung hindi lang namatay
yung kapitan dyan sa punturin, dapat may ospital na pong malaki riyan. B: ngayon ginagawa nang iglesia P: may narinig po kami minsan na di ko alam kung gagawin bang sementeryo o ospital, basta
ganon. Parang ganon. Di ko po masyadong sigurado sa plano.
xxxi
P: apartment sya na may bubong. Meron namang nagsasabing gagawing ospital yung sa likod, di
ako sigurado doon e. R: malalapit po ba yung mga pambulikong ospital po? B: malayo. P: medyo malayo po sir, e. B: 2 sakay din. R: nagiging problema po ba, kunwari po sa pagpapadala po ng ambulansya po? P: problema po. Sa dami po ng tao e. Ang totoo po nyan e lima po ambulansya namin sa
barangay. Lima na po ngayon. May darating pa atang 3. kasi nga po yung darating po dyan na tao
ng 850, kung lima lang po di po kaya un. Aya may naka-schedule po na darating po. Minsan
nadedelay ang dating ng ambulansya. R: may ano po ba dito, health center po? B: meron P: marami po kami. Bawat ano meron po kami. Ano rin iyon… B: sa bignay meron din. R: kumusta naman po yung sa mga health cente rpo? B: okay naman. R: wala naman po ba yung kunwari po, halos wala pong tao? P: ang alam ko, MWF ay may doktor naman. B: kahapon wala, kasi nagpaano ako. Kinagat ako ng pusa. Kahit hapon na pumunta ako ng
Malinta, nagpa-injection ako. R: gamot po, kompleto naman po? B: kung halimbawa, may ano ang DOH, may gamot talaga dito. Minsan naman nawawalan kasi
nga, syempre yung padala, nadedelay din. Pag meron naman, talagang lahat ng nagpapa-checkup,
o kagaya ng mga senior citizen, may mga gamot naman sila R: wala naman po ba dito yung kaso po, kunwari po yung sa Bagumbong po, parang medyo,
nakakabastos po yung dentista? Kasi yung mga iba po ayaw po nilang pumunta sa health center P: kasi nga… nababastos. B: ano kasi, meron kasing nagtatanong, kahit nga dito, may nagtatanong na hindi dapat ikwento.
Yung iba kasi, halimbawa, nagpapa-pap smear, isa lang ang titingin: pero nagtitinginan ang mga
ano. P: e diba dapat may tagong lugar to, may lugar na pap smear-an. Dapat di ganoon. B: kaya nga ako, sabi ko kahit ako di ako magpapa-ano dyan kung ganyan ang ginagawa nila.
Kasi private yan e. Yun ang no, meron talaga.pero ngayon nasa mobile. Yung truck. parang doon
na ginagawa. Pero hindi ko lang alam kung ano, kasi dati, mismong sa loob ng center. Yung mga
ano dyan, nakiki-usyoso. Ganoon ang nagyayari sa Caloocan. Bagumbong. May naaano ako kasi
nagkkwento din. Ayaw nila ng ganon. P: mali naman talaga un. Dapat may privacy. B: kahit nga noon, kasi noon di pa uso yung mobile, yung mga singit daw ang iitim. P: dapat may privacy. B: yun ang ano dati. R: ah sa tingin nyo po, ano po yung kinaibahan po ng dati nyo pong komunidad kompara po dito
po? P: ay malaki po ang kaibahan. Kasi dun po sa pinanggalingan po namin bagamat po matagal po,
kasi nga taga-bulacan ako e, nakpaag-asawa nga ako ng taga-riyan. Malaki po ang kaibahan kasi
po dun sa pinanggalingan namin dyan, malapit sa creek. Kay konting ulan lang po baha na kaagad
yan. Ang diperensiya po rito eh maayos ang lugar namin di kapares sa pinanggalingan. B: pero kung sa ano naman, sa trabaho, mas malapit sa palengke.yun naman ang ano doon.
Ospital, pamilihan, nandyan lang. Kesa dito, byahe ka pa. Yun ang ano. Kaibahan. R: madali lang naman po bumyahe rito? B: maraming sasakyan.
xxxii
R: yung sa presyuhan naman po? P: sa pamasahe po? Minimum po. Sumusunod po sila sa fare, kung magkano ang ano sa
gobyerno. R: bale di naman po medyo mabigat sa ano po, o medyo ano rin po sa pamasahe? B: kung sa ano, sa pamasahe, mabigat. Kasi napakalayo. Pero kung nandyan lang naman, 8.
Ganoon din naman sa ano. Ang ano nga lang dito, dalawang sakay. (inaudible) R: May simbahan po ba rito? B: mayroon dito. P: may sarili kaming chapel R: May mga daycare po ba dito? B: meron. P: Meron po. B: yung nadaanan natin sa court. R: public po ba sya? B: oo. P: request nga po natin na madagdagan ang daycare natin e. B: yung ano dyan, yung bakante. P: nung last year pinatawag kami ni mayor e. B: akala ko gagawin nang school. P: kung tutupad nga sila sa pag-uusap namin, talagang madadagdagan ng isa. Yung isa palauran
ng bata. Sana tumupad, kasi pag tumupad sila, yung court, mangyayari. Tapos nung isang araw
finollow up ko yung bakod ng creek sa likod, doon sa lugar na un. Sinukat na namin yung bakod
kasama ang engineer. Sana tumupad nga, kasi nga matagal na rin ang pagpaplaano na nagagawa
riyan eh. Noong panahon pa ng dati naming ano. Basta yung mga ano dyan. Ang plano nga,
hugutin yung mga poste at doon ilagay ang mga bakod. Requeest natin kay Mayor na ang city
engineers, palagyan natin ng steel matting kasi delikado sa mga bata baka malaglag. Pinipilit
natin na sa panahon natin e magawa iyan. Kami nga ibang beses kong tinutukan sa city hall yan.
Kaya ako nga may direkta akokay mayor kasi pag doon lang ako sa city engineer, oo lang nang
oo. B: puro ano, oo lang. P: e kaya ako nakikipag-ugnayan mismo kay mayor kahit walang appointment, sinasabi kong
may project akong ire-report kay mayor. Okay naman. Mga outpost natin wala pang pintura,
pinababakuran ko ito. Ito talaga pinagsisikapan kong may-ari kasi noong araw maliit lang sya,
may yero dahil nasa camachile. Yung paligid puro anay. Ngayon, pinadagdagan ko ng 2 meters.
Pinalagyan ko ng kubeta, ng lababo. At tsaka yung ni-request ko sa clean and green yung
camachile. Eh kasi yung nagiging dahilan ng… B: puputulin sya. P: pinaputol ko na. Wala na yung camachile roon. Kasi yan ang dahilan ng pagkasira ng yero.
Putol na po yan. Di na nga nakita ng iba yung ginagawa natin, kasi di ko naman sinasabing
lalakad tayo sa ganoon. (inaudible) P: ..sa daycare center na request ng mga taga-block 1, tapos na po un. Yari na po un. Kaso
sinasaraduhan e. Ang sabi ko sa mga nasa taas, magreklamo kayo sa NHA. Kasi ni-request nyo sa
amin, yari na, tapos na po iyan. Kasi ang mga teacher at tsaka mga magulang, nag-request sa akin
na maraanan ang alley road doon. B: kasi nangyari na sa akin na natamaan ako ng bola sa ulo. P: ang sabi ko nga sa mga ano, sa NHA na kayo mag-request, kasi yung responsibilidad ko na
magawa iyan, nagawa naman na e. Kasi baka isipin na ako lang ang may gusto. Dapat sila
mismong mga residente… B: tsaka yung mga nanay ng estudyante P: matatamaan nga. Yun ang problema. Kaya sabi ko, kayo naman sana. Yung responsiblidad ko
bilang pangulo, pinagawa ko na - tapos na yan. Kaya lang doon na dumadaan sa creek, bumababa
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doon. Di ko na problema yon kasi pinabakuran ko na yyung daanang sirang pader e. E dumadaan
pa rin doon, e di ko na problema pag naaksidente sila diba. B: yun nga. Gaya sa amin, bumababa talaga sila sa creek. P: pero di nakita ng mga myembro natin yun - yung ginagawa nating pagisiskap. Minsan
nakukulangan pa samantalang naisip mong patay na wala pang balita. Napakabigat. Pero di ko na
pinapansin, di tayo makakapagtrabaho kapag pinansin natin yung kritiko e. Okay lang. R: ano po ba yung ano po, yung madalas po na sakit ng mga tao po. Kunwari po yan, lalo na po’t
tag-init po. B: high blood. P: number one sakit po bulsa. Joke lang. High blood po. B: at tsaka yung inaatake sa puso. Yun ang una. Karamihan dito high blood. R: may mga kaso po na kunwari po, mabagal po dumating ang ambulansya po, tapos yun po e
inatake na po… B: kung anuman, yung pagdating ng ambulansya, yun nga - kulang. Kasi di lang naman isa ang
ano, maraming nangangailangan. Kaya minsan nawawala yung ano. P: di naman masyadong matagal sir. Kasi nga po, kahit wala ang barangay natin, madali pong
tumawag sa rescue. May medic pong kasama. R: marami naman pong natatawagan po? P: marami po. Kung di po pwede rito, meron po sa kabila. B: sa Lawang Bato, pwede silang mag-rescue. P: pwede po silang mag-rescue kaya wala pong problema. B: halimbawa pag wala talaga. Minsan naman, napipilitan yung iba. Umaano na lang ng
sasakyan. R: Ay buti pa po pala dito, mas… B: hirap kasi ni malapitan e.. P: um-attend ako ng 5-year development plan sa NHA. mas malaki yung kaibahan natin sa ibang
lugar. Yung Bagumbong, parang wala silang palengke. B: wala. Problema. P: problema yung drains, problema palengke. Problema streetlight. Wala sila nyun e. Di ko alam
kung dun yun. B: san kayo nag-ano ng discussion? P: sa main ng NHA. Mga February. B: housing summit, nandoon si Duterte. February 8. P: nabasa ko yung ano, na February 8 si duterte andoon. Kinabukasan naman kami. Kagagaling
nga lang daw ni duterte noong nakaraang araw. Tama, tama. B: andaming mga ano, tao doon. Di nga lang ako nakapasok doon sa rami ng - nahuli akong
dumating. Dapat papasok din ako sa loob ng NHA, e traffic. Nakapasok pa sila 12:30. 12 nandito
poa ako sa NHA, nag-aano pa ako ng training ng dishwashing. R: bale ano po, meron pong malapit po na NHA dito po? B: NHA, sa amin. Pero ang NHA dito, may office dito. Local. P: tabi lang namin. Baba ng opisina namin. B: doon. Gusto mo makausap? R: okay lang po, may nakausap po ako na sa Bagumbong po e. B: ah sa Bagumbong, iba naman. Iba ang ano nila doon problema. *nagkakasabay ang tatlong boses* B: ang bignay kasi, dalawa ang north ville. 1 dito, 1b sa Bagumbong. Dito ang una - bignay. R: Kailan po kayo pinalipat dito po? B: 2004? R: ah, mas maaga. B: di pare-parehas. May 2004, 5, 6. Di nagkasabay-sabay. Siguro yung mga nakapagpagawa agad
ng kubo, yun agad ang lumipat. Basta ang alam ko 2004 2005, ganoon.
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R: ano pong masasabi po nyo sa koneksyon po ng relocaton site mga LGUs po? B: wala naman ong problema. P: wala po. B: wala tayong problema sa LGU e. P: maski sa local government, kasi matulungin sila. B: tumutulong talaga. P: siguro kung makikita nyo ang lugar namin sa bandang labas e, magandang city hall, daan,
lahat ng multipurpose, covered court - magaganda po. Baka gusto nyo pong pumasyal dyan, sa
village namin. May sarili kaming bumbero. R: Ah may sarili pong bumbero po? Aba, maganda po. P: may ambulansya, bumbero. B: may station - ayan, sa harap. P: meron kaming mga volunteer, may mga tanod po kaming nagroronda sa gabi. Kaya lang ata
minsan sa gabi, mga tinatamad minsan. B: matatanda na e. P: kasi mga volunteer nga e. R: ano po yung mga madalas po na krimen dito po? B: away ng mga kabataan, lasing, away kabataan. Mga trip trip, ganoon. Yun lang naman ata. Di
na kagaya dati. P: ngayon magkakabarkada na sila. R: ah nagkaroon po ba dito ng mga sariling negosyo po yung mga tao po? B: ah, sariling negosyo? Meron naman mga sarili. Yung mga ano, tindahan sa talipapa, sari-sari.
May junk shop. P: kahit bawal sa residential, may tinapahan. B: may ano rin dito, may tahian. R: malapit lang po ba dito yung city hall po? B: dalawang sakay. Pero kung sa toll gate ka dadaan, 3 sakay tayo e. Pero kung dito sa
Meycauayan, 2 lang. R: ano po ba, matagal po ba yung 2 sakay na un? B: dalawang sakay, siguro aabutin din ng.. Kung ma-traffic, minsan aabutin ng halos isang oras.
Ganoon. Kung matrapik. Pero kung may motor ka, may sasakyan ka, mabilis. P: ay oo, wala pang 30 minutes. Siguro mga 20 minutes. R: traffic lang po talaga. B: traffic lang po ang problema. P: 15 minutes, 20 minutes, nandoon ka na. R: iniisip ko po kasi kung baka ang kaibahan po, dito po mas malapit po sa city hall po kaya mas
madali pong napapaabutan po. P: di naman, dulo din naman kami. B: hindi, dulo. Ito yung pinakadulo. Sa Bagumbong, dulo din naman sya. R: pero di po sya mapaabutan ng ano - P: pero suporta ng ano - B: ang ano kasi sa Bagumbong, magta-tricycle ka pa papasok. E dito, pagbaba mo, pwede mo na
lakarin. Doon kasi, magta-tricycle ka pa ng - halimbawa, ikaw lang: 15. Pag 2 kayo, 10. R: e mas mura po dito po. B: Oo, kasi di ka na ano e. Nasasayo naman kung sasakay ka. Halimbawa yung mga napagod na.
Ayun, mga napagod, doon lang naman sumasakay. Pero kung tutuusin, kung lalakarin mo, okay
lang. Kasi pagbaba mo eto na. Doon sa Bagumbong, pagbaba mo, sasakay ka pa ng tricycle. R: nakapagpatanim po ba dito ng mga puno po para di po masyadong maaraw po? P: meron po, may mga tanim po kami. B: may mga tanim. Bago pa lamang ata rito may mga nagtatanim na ano? P: dyan sa chapel, may mga puno riyan.
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R: bago po nagawa po… B: Basta, yung, nagtanim ata mga sundalo. P: mga army. B: yung ginagawa rito. R: ba’t po army po? B: Ay, ayun ang dito noon. P: dati po kasi, army talaga. B: ang unang-una kasi, sila ang nag-develop. P: sa drainage po, sila po ang nagpasimuno. B: kaya sila nagtanim-tanim ng mga ano rito. P: Yung mga malalaking puno. Mga dati na po un, yung iba. Di na po pinutol kasi bawal na po
ng DENR. R: medyo nabawasan din po? P: dati po marami pong puno dito, kaya lang tinayuan na ng bahay. R: mainam din po kasi kung may puno po para malamig. B: sa Bagumbong kasi walang puno. P: naku walang-wala talaga. R: puro bahay po. B: dito Northville 1B, wala ring puno. Ganoon na ganoon ang style sa Bagumbong. R: ano rin po ba dun, medyo mahirap din po ang… B: parehas. Kung dito sa Northville 1B, malapit na ang punturin palengke diba? R: opo. Ah, malapit na po? B: pag-akyat nila, lalakad lang sila nang onti, ayan na ang palengke. Meron mang talipapa doon,
iilan lang. R: so kumbaga po sa, ang minalas po talaga, e… B: Bagumbong. R: nasa tubig. B: kasi sa Northville 1B, may tubig na rin dyan. NAWASA nga sila e. P: nalagyan na rin yan. B: halos magkasunod lang e. Magkasunod lang ang project. R: bilang panghuling tanong po, ano po sa tingin nyo ang pinakaproblema po dito sa loob po ng
komunidad po? P: ang problema po dito syempre ay trabaho rin. Kasi nga dahil hindi naman lahat e nakapagtapos
ng pag-aaral, syempre medyo nahihirapan silang mamasukan. Pangalawa po, droga. Ayyun po
medyo nako-control na po di katulad dati ano talaga. Kahit naman saang lugar e. Matindi sa mga
probinsya. B: matindi sa Bagumbong. P: kaya nga, totoo. Alam ko naman. B: nakita ko. Doon mismo sa loob ng bahay. P: buong pilipinas naman yan ang problema natin ngayon e. B: oo. Sinusugpo ang droga. P: buong pilipinas yan. Ngayon, medyo nako-control-control nang konti. Natigil na nga. R: at tsaka dyan lang po kasi halos po ang pulis po e. P: e ang pulis e… B: hindi rin. P: sa totoo lang sir e, di ka rin pwede magtiwala sa pulis. B: hindi. R: bakit po? B: kasi yung nangyari dito nung nakaraan lang, pinkawalan e. P: dahil bata nila. Asset nila. B: asset nila.
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P: abusado. B: grabe, hindi tama un. P: e ako nga nilapitan nila, makikipagtulungan raw pero yun pala… B: pero pinuntahan na raw. P: unang-una may mga armas. E wala naman akong mga bodyguard, may pamilya ako, kaya..
.(inaudible) B: pero kinausap na raw, e. P: at hindi ko konsinti yan. Tandaan mo yan, maniwala ka. B: grabe kasi. P: pinagalitan daw yung mga pulis B: oo. P: Kaya sabi ko, ako walang kakahayang ano kasi nga, may pamilya ako. B: ang ingay ni Emi nung nasa ospital kami e. P: sana’y maintindihan nila ang kalagayan ko bilang pangulo. (inaudible) Sinaway ko.. Baka
lasing sa droga, sinaway ko, binaril ako. Sabihin “napakatanga ni pangulo, di man nya trabaho”..
Kasi police matter e. Diba? Trabaho ng pulis. Pangalawa kako magdala ako ng baril dyan, nabaril
ko yung magnanakaw, (inaudible) di mo naman trabaho pinasok.. Yan ang pinaliwanag ko sa
kanila. Kaya sana po, wag nyong iano sa akin ang mga ganyang problema. Kasi una po, di ko
naman trabaho. Pwede kong tulungan nang hindi sa ganyang bagay. Mga pasikreto lang ba,
ganoon. Kasi may pamilya ako na pangangalagaan ko rin naman. Wag basta-basta…
(inaudible).na malagay sa alanganin. Sabi ko e, ang problema dito pulis. Konsintidor sila. Minsan
yung ano… R: yung ano, madali lang pong napapakawalan po yung mga.. P: siguro alam mo naman dito sa buong Pilipinas yan ang sakit ng mga kapulisan diba. Pati nga
ang tokhang natin naabuso, dahil nga yung pinatay na koreano, diba. Abuso yun diba. Kinikidnap
nila. B: Sila mismo. P: Paano ka magtitiwala ngayon sa… B: di mo talaga pwedeng pagkatiwalaan. P: tinawagan ako ni chief… (inaudible) baka pwedeng tulungan mo ako. Baka pwede mong ituro
yung mga ano.. Sabi ko, “Sir, pag yang mga AFP ituturo ko, pagpasensyahan nyo po… unang-
una meron kayong (inaudible), pangalawa meron kayong intelligence fund, ba’t ako gagamitin
nyo? Dahil ba naghahanap kayo ng maibabala? Anong magagawa ko samantalang kayo nga alam
nyo yan e? B: Alam nila yan e. P: kaya sabi ko ba’t ako ang gagamitin ng mga loko na to? Di na bumalik. May pamilya ako,
ayokong madamay. Di bale kung ako na lang e. Wag lang mga anak ko. Dahil baka pag mga anak
ko nadali, ibang usapan na un. Di ako pwedeng ganoon, kaya nag-iingat akong mapasubo e. R: ano po kaya yyun pag mga krimen po, tapos di naman po mapapagkatiwalaan po ang pulis
kapag naaresto po? P: (inaudible) Last month, sa chief of police ng Valenzuela, sabi e. (inaudible) Kung saan
humihingi sila ng tulong sa pamayanan, at sa pamunuan, na itawag lang ninyo. Wag nyong
sabihin ang pangalan ninyo. Itext lang ninyo at kami ang aaksyon. Sabi ng hepe namin sa
Valenzuela. Kaya sabi ko sa mga nagrereklamo sa akin, ako naman nakikipagtulungan naman
ako. Di nyo lang alam un. Di ko na lang talaga ma-pinpoint, kasi sabi ko may paimlya ako e.
Dapat yun ang protektahan ko, yung pamilya ko. Kaya sana maintindihan nila ako. Yung bunso
kong binata. May isa nga e isang tingga lang - pasensya ka na. Ayokong mangyari sa anak ko
yung nag-aaway po sila. Yung iba hindi ako naiintindihan e. Na ako, ibabala ako ng… Kung
medyo makitid ang utak ko e papasukin ko yung mga ganoong bagay. E, hindi ako magtatagal.
Sabi ko, kung kinakailangan kong lumayo sa sitwasyon.. Yung tungkol sa pulis e kahit saang
lugar ganoon na. Diba? Kaya Sir, nasa UP po kayo.. Noong araw kasama ko ang UP. Member po
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ako ng LFS, ng League of Filipino Students kung saan po e, ang pangulo po namin ay si
Nathaniel Santiago. Ewan ko kung ang istorya ng UP, alam mo siguro Sir - si Lean Alejandro,
inabutan ko po iyon. 14 years old pa lamang po ako, street parliament lang po ako nung araw e.
Kasama ko po yung mga aktibista sa UP. 14 anyos kasi president ako ng student council e. Kaya
po noong mga panahon nina Chino Roces, nina Salonga, e ako po’y nasa lansangan na nung
araw. At member din po ako dati ng mga FFWW, ng Kilusang Mayo Uno, ng AMBA, ng KMP -
member po ako niyan. Marami pong di nakakaalam na ako po’y aktibista noong araw. Marami
pong di nakakaalam rito kaya ako e myembro ng mga ganyang organization po. Lalo noong
kabataan ko e ako po’y sila Nathaniel Santiago tsaka si Lean ano, siguro i-research mo rin sila… B: kilala ko yang mga yan. P: sila Bobbie Tanada, tanungin nyo sa mga nakatatanda kung sino tong mga to. Kasama po ako
noon sa EDSA. Nasa purefoods na po ako noon, kaya nagpadala kami dyan ng tulong noong
araw. Kasi nga po si Zobel po e sinuportahan po ng aming amo. Maraming di nakakaalam na
nung kabataan ko e mahaba yung naging pakikibaka ko. Mga taga-UP kasama ko, mga aktibista
po ng UP. Mga madre kasama ko nung araw, sila yung bumabakod sa amin. Binabakuran kami
ng mga madre. Pero maraming di nakakakaalam na iyon ang buhay ko noong araw. Ang
nakakaalam e sa bahay lang, (inaudible) di alam nila sister yun.. Kaya sabi ko… B: dito naman kasi, halimbawa, pag sinabi nila na may rally, mag-aano lang daw sa lansangan. P: mahalaga yan. B: di nila alam na mahalaga yun. Lahat naman na hindi mo naman talaga pangsarili lang ang
inaano mo. Panglahatan un. Pag nagtagumpay, lahat tayo magtatagumpay. Kaya yun ang iba rito
kasi mas - meron talagang hindi nakakaintindi. Kahit leaders, hindi pa rin nakakaintindi. Pero
kung talagang aaralin mo, kailangan mo talagang… R: Para sa boses po. B: kailangan talaga natin ng boses. P: Sir, dyan kayo sa loob ng PGH? R: Po? P: Dyan po kayo pumapasok? R: opo, sa harap po ng PGH. P: dapat ngayong umaga nandoon ako - kasi misis at anak ko nandoon e. B: ay nandoon sya? Doon magpapa-checkup? P: dapat kasama na ako, kaya lang may ano ako kay kapitana ngayon. May pakikipag-usap ako
kay kapitana. Kaya pinauna ko yung mga mag-iina ko roon e. Sa Padre Faura. B: gusto ko rin kausapin si kapitana. Sabi nila ikaw na ang kumausap. P: mas maganda, ano: ipaalam mo kay kapitana yung sa KADAMAY a. B: Oo, yun talaga. Ayoko yung sasabihin na.. Kasi ang mga tao dito, pag di nakakaintindi,
bypass. Yun ang talagang iniiwasan ko. Kaya nagtatawag ako doon sa mga ano. P: meron dito, yung ano, barama ba un? Nag-ano sila, di ko alam.. B: Teka - yung pagtatanim ng gardening? P: di ko laam yan noh, kaya nga nung nakipagpulong ako sa NHA tsaka sa DSWD tinag ako ni
kapitana.. B: Edmark daw un? P: Kanino ba un? Si Rommel ang nag-ano… (inaudible) Biniro ko pa nga e, parang (inaudible)
Kaya noong nakikipag-meeting ako sa DSWD tsaka sa NHA noong time sa 3s, nandoon si
Rommel ano. Tinanong ako ni Kap kung alam ko (inaudible) B: eh bakit… P: Kaya nga nagagalit si Kap sa mga ano e. Pamunuan sila, hindi mo ba alam? B: nandoon yung kumare ko e. (inaudible) P: alam naman natin panuntunan natin sa paglilingkod natin dito.. B: Nagtaka ako roon. Bakit merong mga nasa HOA na ang ibang mga, walang alam - walang
nakakaalam
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P: kahit si kapitana. Pag kasi may mga project na lumapit, sa barangay muna yan. Tapos ipo-
forward sa akin ni kapitana na dumaan sa mga tao dito. B: kaya nagtaka ako, bakit nagbigay sila ng mga biodata? Kahit ako nakiano na rin ako. Sabi ko,
“ano ba yan? Bakit di kayo nagsasabi sa mga, bakit di kayo nag-iikot, kayo-kayo lang?”
Gumanon talaga ako. P: Yung mga opisyal, sila ang may problema doon. Hindi naman yung mga taong binigyan. B: nagsalita talaga ako. Bakit kayo-kayo lang? Dapat inikot nyo yung mga tao. Syempre, di yan
aayawan. Pag mga ganyan. P: bakit parang wala na kayong pangulo? May pamunuan e. Wag ganoon. B: Parang sila-sila lang. P: tulad nga ng ganito, no, may project ang DSWD tapos ang CBLA, tapos sila sasabay. E paano
yung area na gagamitin? Magkakaroon ng problema doon sa gagamitin nila, tama ba ako? E sana
kung sila’y nakipag-ugnayan sa akin, maiiwas natin sa project ng NHA. Mabigyan natin sila ng
ibang lugar na pwedeng magamit. E hindi nga. Mahalaga pa rin na alam natin un. B: Walang nakakaalam e. Kaya nga banda sa amin, nagtanong kami: ano yung biodata na un?
Bakit nagsa-submit kayo? Para daw sa luya un, magga-gardening. Sabi ko edi: sali na ako sa luya
nyo! Nandoon, may opisyal. P: Si (inaudible) ang problema kasi hindi rin sya yung pangunahing marunong. Alam ko meron
syang isang opisyales na pangunahing nakipag-ugnayan talaga e. B: Hindi ko lang alam kung sino. P: Si Melinda nagsabi sa akin. B: Kaya nga sinasabi ko si Mareng Melinda nandoon kasi nagtanong din ako sa kanya. Sabi ko
bakit di nagpapaikot? P: alam nila ang panuntunan natin bilang opisyales e. Alam nila yan. Sabay sabi naman, kung
okay naman.. B: pero yung sa livelihood, tinatanong na ako ng mga kapitbahay ko kung kelan na daw mag-
umpisa. Sabi ko: teka lang, wala pang signal. Sinabi nga ni Mareng Melinda nakapag-withdraw
na.. R: Saan po itatanim po yung mga luya po? B: Sa paso. P: sa kahoy. B: Sa sako. R: magbibigay lanng po sila ng.. B: Bale magbibigay lang sila ng mga itatanim, tapos papalaguin mo sya. Tapos ang benta mo - di
ko alam kung paano. P: ang naging problema ko dyan, ang akala ng iba 500 a day. B: Nyek. P: Yun ang balita. B: Sa akin wala akong alam na ganoon. P: Ito ah: sa akin, 500 a day daw ang unang balita. Kaya sila nag-aagawan nga e, nag-uunahan.
Sa pag-uusap namin, sa 100% na pagbebentahan ng luya, 40% lang ang bawi. Parang may scam:
parang may lumalabas na ganoon, noh. B: Eh yun nga e. P: gagamitin ng mga tao, may mga pirma yan, dalhin sa taas. Ayyun na. Andoon na ang
problema. 40% - nakakasigurado ka ba na yung itatanim mo.. B: kung mabubuhay. P: sa bagay, luya naman, madaling tumubo yan. B: hindi, maselan. Paano kung maliliit, kung payat.. P: pero yung mga tumubo rito ano, 500 a day. B: sabi? Wala naman sinabi sa akin. P: kaya nga sila, noong sabihin kong di ko alam, nagtuos na kay kapitan.takbuhan na sila. Inalam.
xxxix
R: paanong 500 po a day? B: halimbawa, mag-gardening ka. Araw-araw na sweldo. R: malaking bagay po.. Malaking bagay kung totoo. E ako nagsusubok lang naman ako. Kung totoo, e di maganda.
Ganoon ang ano ko. R: saan po mapupunta po yung bayad? Saan po kukuha po sa luya po? B: parang may pag-aanuhan sila. Halimbawa, magha-harvest. May pagbibigyan. May aanuhin. P: sila raw kukuha. B: Ah. Edmark. R: Saan po kaya nila ibebenta po? B: kasi ang edmark, gumagawa yan ng herbal. Ginagawang herbal. R: kompanya po sya? Di ko alam kung kompanya. Ano sya e, kasi may mga.. Si Rommel kasi,
ang opisina nila, sa may Meralco. Sa may Malinta, yung diretso na jeep. Diba may Malinta-
Diretso, may Malinta-Kaliwa. Dito lang banda, papasok. Dinadaanan ko kasi yan pag pupunta
ako sa kuya ko. P: Sila Rommel e, kay Gatchalian to? Parang hindi ano. B: maliit lang ano nila. Parang bahay lang na maliiit. Pinaka-opisina nila. Okay na? R: Opo..
TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEW WITH THE NHA OFFICE IN BAGUMBONG
Chief or Ma’am ‘Fely’ (presiding officer in NHA Office, Northville II-B
resettlement)
Chief: Budget talaga masyado, so minsan, sa nga’yon, ang ginagawa yata nga’yon ay sa
livelihood. ‘yong mga singit-singit lang kami, (inaudible), siyempre hindi naman. May mga
public, appointed, agency, so ang ginagawa nga’yon ‘yong livelihood namin, natatap din naman
niya ‘yong mga DAP funds para makapag-conduct pa rin siya ng mga trainings, kaya di programs
tapos ‘yong sa kabila, ‘yong sa mga (inaudible) like DSWD, may mga nilulunsad na program din
‘yan. Nagkakaroon ng mga vegetable garden dito, so ‘yon ‘yong mga income-generation
(inaudible) o ‘yong mga ano nila doon, interagency effort nila doon, nagbibigay ng mga foot
forward program ‘yon. sa short term na 3 months, susuwelduhan ‘yong mga tao ng certain,
parang minimum e, tapos batch by batch ‘yon so hindi ko na alam kung gaano katagal ‘yong mga
ganun nilang program. A portion of that goes to the housing operation, the rest, halimbawa 50-
50% lang naman ‘yon, sa kanila na ‘yon.
Researcher: Gaano kadalas po ‘yong mga ganung programa po na may livelihood-livelihood po?
C: ‘yong sa amin, sa regular may 1 year, taon-taon may plano sila dapat, may program sila na
ilulunsad. Kaya lang hindi mo, hindi ka, hindi masusustain na ‘yong, let’s say na ‘yong
sustainability na ‘yong problema e, kasi hindi nga sa amin dapat ‘yong livelihood e, may
livelihood agencies tayo. Dapat ‘yong TESDA ‘yon, dati may livelihood center tayo e, dati may
TLRC, phinase out ‘yon. So meron ang local government, meron silang counterpart, ta’s meron
nga ‘yong TESDA on a national scale naman. Ang hinahanap, kung hahanapin mo, sa mga
projects hindi laging ganoon na para may katuna’yan na nakita ka sa paktorya, na employed
‘yong mga tao ganoon. Hindi ganoon lagi, iba-iba ‘yong (inaudible) ng proyekto. Dito mas more
on big’yan sila ng trainings, ng skills para ‘pag maging ano sila, makapagput-up sila ng small
business o kaya makapag—So mga hindi rin ganun kalaki ‘yong makikita mo sa ibang area, pero
meron naman din silang referral system, siyempre dapat walang gulangan di’yan e, ‘yong mga
agencies, ‘yong mga (inaudible), ‘yong mga nagiging recruitment agency. Siyempre meron din
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namang ilang napapasok doon, kaya lang hindi na namin sigurado kung 5 months-5 months lang
‘yon o may long-term employment.
R: Ano po ba, may, sa pagpipili po ng resettlement po ng NHA po, may criteria po ba sila?
Kunwari po bakit po (inaudible) ‘yong napili ko
C: Kasi mayroong mga policy na in city dapat dahil (inaudible) ang budget sa city, kaya lang ‘di
naman--- Halimbawa, eto Caloocan, nag-insist din naman ‘yong local government e. Ang local
government din naman kasi ang magrerequest sa amin para i-record ‘yong mga tao. So kung
meron si’yang ma-refer sa (inaudible), ‘yon ang pwedeng (inaudible) planuhin. Pero kung hindi,
kung wala, may options na, option na lang din labas.
R: Para public na lang---
C: Pero ‘yong policy di’yan ay na ‘yong guidelines, parang gaano kalayo from the point of
origin to point of destination, gaano kalayu, dedescribe ‘yon. Kaya may mga policies na nilabas
‘yong mayor, kaya kung galing ka dito somewhere sa Caloocan na more (inaudible), ang bagsak
ni’yan, karamihan Bulacan. (inaudible) So may ganoong policy, kaya lang hindi dito kami ang
unang nakaktipon ng mga ano e, dokumento, dapat sa program office, marami ‘yon.
R: Saan po kaya ‘yon?
C: Ang program office namin nasa main office nga’yon, National Capital Region, o kaya nasa
information. Pero alam mo, tignan natin hindi, ko lang dala ‘yong materials na ginagamit e,
basahin mo lahat ng issuances tungkol sa housing na ginagamit ng NHA. Baka makadampot ka
din doon online. Pwede naman siguro doon diretsong manghingi kaya lang ‘di ba alam mo naman
‘yong mga formalidad, mga (inaudible), kailangan may mga request-request ka talaga, may
formal kang request.
R: ‘yong (inaudible) po kaya meron din po sa website po?
C: ‘yon ang hindi ako sigurado. Meron si’yang standards pero depende rin naman kasi minsan sa
interagency (inaudible). Ano pa ba ang kailangan mo? Ilista mo para makita natin kung saan kita
maididirekta kung sakali.
R: Meron na pong profile po, ‘yong sa---
C: Para kung magtatanong ka kay Ms. Marin, tawagan ko siya, maidirekta ng maayos sa kung
anong gagawin. Kasi pwede kang mabig’yan ng vebal pero siyempre iba naman ‘yong, mas
maganda ‘yong may document kang nakukuha, kasi may mga pwede ta’yong magtanong-tanong
sa mga (inaudible) pero ‘yon nga e ‘yong dokumento ang wala e, pinakakailangan. I-identify mo
‘yong mga kailangan mo para ‘pag nagtanong ka tsaka tumawag ka sa kaniya, matatanong mo ng
klaro. Kasi baka mangyari sa’yo ni’yan, tingi-tingi ang impormas’yon mo. ‘Di ko kasi dala
(inaudible) document na ginagamitan din ako noon kaya ako (inaudible).
R: Mga magkano po ‘yong ano po, binibigay po kapag balik-probinsya po ang pinili ng tao?
C: Ang alam ko, depende siguro sa city pero ang DSWD, kapag hindi nagbigay ng assistance
ang city (inaudible), nasa siyudad ‘yon e. Pero ang DSWD, hindi naman sila nagbibigay ng pera,
ano lang siya, ticket kung saang probinsya uuwi, ganoon lang. Tapos ang goods, ‘di ko na alam
ang sukat kasi depende nga rin ‘yon kung ano ang kanilang bargaining ng city tsaka ng mga tao.
Pero may guidelines ang DSWD ni’yan, kung ilang araw si’yang bibiyahe, tapos dati nagbibigay
sila ng supisyente kung hanggang several ang dami ng tao doon, hindi ko na sigurado ‘yon e,
kung nabago. Meron silang standards ta’s depende sa city kung magbibigay siya ng (inaudible),
ibibigay niya cash, depende sa mayor. Kasi noon sa Smokey, lahat ng na-disqualify, ‘yong mga
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nag-api-apila, ‘yong iba naman kasi biglang humahabol na lang, aapila na nandoon ako,
(inaudible) naman ako, render ako, sharer ako, maraming istorya ‘yan. So ‘yong dati sa Smokey,
‘yong mga na-disqualify na ganun, wala na kasing sapat na ebidensya na patunay na nanirahan
sila doon pag ganun, pag na-disqualify. Binibigay, depende nga sa project, doon binig’yan sila ng
P5, 000 each, ‘yong mga na-disqualify, ta’s kung mag-aavail sila ng balik- probinsya sa DSWD
sila makikipag-usap.
R: Bale po mga hindi po nakasali po dito po sa resettlement program po, binig’yan po sila po ng
parang pakonsuwelo po na P5,000?
C: Hindi, ano ‘to e, (inaudible) sinasabi ko sa’yo Smokey Mountain. So ang bawat locality may
katangian minsan na may mga iba’t ibang na mga pampormal na ibibigay. Halimbawa,
(inaudible). Ito nabig’yan ito ng subsidy. Bukod sa socialized housing siya, may subsidy na
binigay sa kaniya ang local government. Binig’yan din siya ng subsidy ng national government,
‘yong housing. Bale ano siya, kung 140 na lang, 15 tsaka 10, 35, 000 bale e ‘yong subsidy nila in
total. So 140 plus 35 175 dapat ang cost ng house and lot niya, less 35 kaya 140 na lang utang
niya. Ang subsidy in the form ng parang ‘yon na ‘yong ginawang downpayment. Inawas na agad
doon sa cost, kaya dalawa ang contract nila dito dahil magkaiba ang cource ng funding. Kaya
depende, depende sa local government, depende rin sa aid ng mga authorities e. Kaya minsan
may mga city na medyo maganda ang assistance sa mga residente nila, sa mga IFS nila, minsan
hanggang doon sa resettlement site tinutulungan sila, may ganoon. May ganoong city, may
ganoong local government. E iba naman kasi ang batas ng local government ‘di ba, medyo mas
flexible pa nga ang batas nga’yon. ‘Di ba nabasa mo ‘yong Local Governemnt Code nila?
R: Yes, ma’am.
C: Mas may, parang mas may autonomy, parang mas, may ano sila e, parang elder room sa
pagdedecide kasi sanggunian-sanggunian lang naman sila ‘di ba, sa distribus’yon lang ‘yon. E
kung marami silang pera, marami silang pwedeng i-produce na programa.
R: Bukod po ba sa bahay po, ano pa po ‘yong mga nabigay sa mga tao po ?
C: Nung lumipat sila pam-financial, nung lumipat sila binig’yan din sila ng P1,000 para
allowance nila siguro, bukod doon sa goods ng DSWD, siguro pambili ng kung ano man, ng
pangkain man nila o pako nila ganun. Sa kanila, ‘yon na ‘yong pinera nila kaya dito nag-iissue
nung e nawawala nga ‘yong P35, 000 e
R: Ano po ‘yong---
C: Kasi nagkaisipan sila na dapat ang P35, 000 na subsidy binigay sa kanila ng cash, kaya noon
may mga kampanya na ganoo kaya nahirapan din kami sa koneksi’yon e. Parang may utang ang
LG sa kanila, hindi binigay ‘yong P35, 000 sa kanila, kinuha ng NHA ganoon.
R: Pero ang nakalagay naman po sa kontrata po na pipirmahan po nila ay ‘yong P1, 000 po tsaka
‘yong bahay po?
C: Magkaiba, dalawang kontrata ‘yan, ‘yong isa sa unit, sa istruktura, isa ‘yong sa lote tapos
nakalagay doon ‘yong halaga ng unit, nakalagay ‘yong halaga ng lote. Binawas na agad ‘yong
subsidy, kaya ang balance ganito, ganito ang computation.
R: Wala naman po dito ‘yong sinasabi po na P35, 000 po?
C: Kasi binawas na nga namin sa house and lot nila e, na utang nila eh, na housing loan nila e.
R: Private land daw po (inaudible)?
xlii
C: Hindi, ang resettlement naman natin, ang mga siyudad naman wala namang sariling minsan
pagmamay-aari ng mga lupain. Mabuti kung kapareho tayo ng (inaudible), may sarili si’yang
lupa, siya mismo ang gumastos sa development na tumulong lang e (inaudible) Construstion.
Pero kung wala bibili, bumibili ang gobyerno.
R: A, bale eto po---
C: Eto pribado talaga ang may-ari nitong lote na ‘to.
R: Sino po ‘yong ---
C: Ano lang, Dela Cruz lang, ‘di ko alam ang full name a kasi ‘di ko ka’yang (inaudible). ‘yong
may-ari ng nasa bungad, ‘yong Norka Homes, ‘yon din ang may-ari ng lupai na ‘to. Kaya lang
‘yon, ‘di niya binenta ‘yong nasa bungad kaya kinapos din kami sa units.
R: Bakit po hindi po binenta po ‘yong nasa bungad po?
C: E baka mas malaki ang kikitain niya ‘pag ginawa ni’yang sarili ni’yang housing. ‘yong nasa
bungad doon sa kaniya ‘yon e, iba kasi ang presyo ‘pag private.
R: Balak po ba si’yang gawing subdivision po?
C: A’yon, subdivision niya ‘yon e. Kaya akala mo iisa lang kami ng itsura kasi iisa lang ‘yong
planong ginamit niya kasi ‘yong developer nun, nung ginawa ito siyempre may plano, nung
dinevelop niya ‘yon, ginaya niya na lang ‘yong plano dito. Tinamad na, tinamad nang gumastos
para sa plano niya, kaya a’yon mukhang pareho ang itsura.
R: Akala ko po magkasama po talaga.
C: Hindi, tamad lang ‘yong developer nun. Hindi na iniba itsura, parehong-pareho.
R: A, bale pagmamay-ari niya po from---
C: Oo, ‘pag lampas nung arko di’yan, isang bloke lang dito sa left, ‘yon naang sakop ng NHA,
the rest nun sa kaniya na ‘yon. “Di ba may bakante di’yan?
R: Opo.
C: A’yon, private na ‘yon. Papunta di’yan.
R: Eto pop ala ‘yong sa kakailanganin ko po?
C: Kung livelihood kasi ang kailangan mo, may livelihood department di’yan e. Andi’yan din sa
MCI ‘yong unit head nun.
R: Pero ang NHA po talaga naka-concentrate po sila sa---
C: Mandate namin. Although ang ganda nga kasi sana na holistic approach , kaya lang dahil
hindi naman ‘yon ang mayor, siguro dapat naka-stipulate din ‘yon sa mandate.
R: Opo.
C: Kasi lahat naman ng ibig sabihin ng development, ‘yon ang away doon e. Development,
anong aspeto ba?
R: Pero po nung dumating na po ‘yong mga tao po dito ay may linya na po ng tubig nun po tsaka
kuryente po?
xliii
C: Hindi ako, hindi, kasi sa general kasi andi’yan na ‘yong mga dapat, nakaabang na dapat ‘yan.
Hindi ko alam ang saktong istorya nito e, kung operational na ‘yong mga linya. Kasi parang nung
una basta may potable water. Ang alam ko approachary settlement kasi inaabutan din namin
di’yan ‘yong pump. ‘yong pump ng water ‘yon muna ‘yong source nila ng water. Kasi ang
problema natin doon sa Maynilad, ‘di ba may privatization na scheme na pinapayagan sila, sa
approach nila ‘yong bulk selling, nga’yon ‘yong bulk selling na ‘yan, nagagwa sa resettlement
projects ‘yon. Nga’yon ang ginawa dito dahil siyempre nagmamadali depende ang katwiran ng
provider mo, may (inaudble) pa sila, ‘yong budget nila, ‘yong expenditure nila kung saan nila i-
aallocate ‘yong budget. Nga’yon, ang ginawang approach dito noon dahil gustong-gusto nilang
magkaroon ng tubig, papasok kasi ‘yong mga provider, meron silang parang pinaka-
concessionaire nila, parang may nagsasample sa kanila, may kabilang area na kinontra nil, e bago
‘yon. so parang sila ‘yong namumuhunan, sila ‘yong paglalatag talaga ng mga linya sa loob
talaga dahil wala pa ngang provision ang Maynilad. Sila muna ‘yong namumuhunan, tapos sila
‘yong nagmamanage ng---
R: Ano po ‘yong sinabi niyo po, bulk selling po?
C: Parang may mother meter. Although may individual meters ang bawat members, ‘pag nag-
apply ka sa kanila may individual meters ang household. Pero ang iriread nung Maynilad, ‘yon
lang mother meter. ‘yong sa individual naman, bahala ‘yong organization kung sino, kung ‘yong
proseso nila dito, ang pagpoprovide ng tauhan, sila ‘yong magmomonitor reading, sila rin ‘yong
maniningil, may ganun. Tapos sila ‘yong nagtatakda ng rate, kung magkano ‘yong babayaran nila
per cubic meter. Ta’s ‘yong dalawang phase naman, ginawang coop naman siya, coop. ‘yon ang
pinagtalunan nila dito, may nag-opt na mag-coop. So (inaudible) ‘yong bulk selling, kooperatiba
‘yong mamamahala imbis na Maynilad, ta’s nakahingi sila ng tulong kasi malaki rin ang gastos
ng paglalatag ng linya e, may metro. Although may binayaran din ‘yong tao tapos may
hinuhulugan-hulugan sila. Nakakahingi sila ng tulong sa IBP. Pero di’yan nagkakaproblema.
Nakakuha na rin sila ng water pero ang gusto nila direkta na mismo sa Maynilad. Ang problema
natin kay Maynilad ‘di pa nakaka- (inaudible) kasi dapat 5 years e mahigit 6 years na sila e, dapat
pwede na silang dumirekta.
R: Bale hindi pa po na-iinstal ‘yong sa private lang po nung sa Dela Cruz po, nung linya po ng
tubig po talaga, bago po---
C: Hindi sa kanila ‘yon e, ang pag-iinstall ng mga linya. Ang kasama lang sa mga iniinstall
nilang pasilidad ‘yong drainage, ‘yong sewer. ‘yong sa water, kasi may private ta’yong, may
hawak nun ay pribado ang Maynila, magko-concessionaire tayo na Maynilad. Kung government
‘yan, government ‘yan package ‘yan, hindi na ganun. Tapos may Meralco tayo, mag-aantay tayo.
Kukulit-kulitin mo rin ‘yon pero siya agn magtayo ng poste, ng ilaw niya. May coordination ‘yon,
pero unfortunately may privatization ng water, na kumukuha sila ng partners nila na
mamumuhuna, para ‘yon muna ang kakontrata nila. ‘yon naman ang kokontrata sa mga tao,
mamamhala ng patubig. Siyempre may mark up ‘yon, iba kasi ang rate nila ‘pag bulk na e.
R: Opo, dagdag.
C: ‘Di ba? Unlike na ‘pag individual ka e, may tinatawag na minimum di’yan. Medyo doon sila
may konting, may pagnanais talaga sila na maka-direkta na para medyo bumaba ‘yong presyo.
R: Mga anong oras po kaya pwede po akong tumawag sa mandate po ng NHA?
C: Subukan mo ng mga 10, usually naman mga 9 nandoon na rin siya e. Tawag ka ng mga 10.
R: Pwede po kaya na around 1 po?
xliv
C: Andoon naman siguro ‘yan, baka ‘di siya aalis kasi sa Martes may seminar.
R: May klase po kasi ako ng Monday
C: A, Monday morning may klase ka?
R: Opo.
C: O sige, nandoon naman siguro ‘yan. Basta try mo siya maghapon. Kasi may mga kausap din
siya kaya baka ‘di umalis on-time. Mawawala nga siya ng 3 days ata para sa Senate, 3 or 4 days
R: ‘Yon lang po.
C: Oo. ‘Di ko na kasi nadala ‘yong isang document ko, nabigay ko sana sa ‘yo ‘yong mga batas
tungkol dito, pero kung magssearch ka makikita mo naman. Hindi, tignan mo lang ‘yong page ng
NHA, ‘yong mga issuances sa kaniya, para sa kani’yang existence. Makikita mo naman ‘yon
doon, nakapost naman ‘yon. bahala ka na magtingin doon.
R: Maraming salamat po!
TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR ALLAN MESINA
Professor Allan Mesina (Professor in the Development Studies Program, Licensed
Urban Planner)
Prof. Mesina: Dapat modulated pa, oh sige, ano ang tanong?
Researcher: Yung unang tanong po sir, sa tingin niyo po, ano po yung mga factors, kung gagawa
po kayo ng checklist po, ano po yung mga factors o aspeto na dapat pong ipaloob po doon?
M: para ano?
R:Sa kung ano, ah kung gagawa po kayo ng criteria po o checklist po para sa pagpapatayo ng
resettlement, ano po yung mga dapat ikonsidera po na ipaloob po doon?
M: Sa palagay ko ang pinakauna ay community participation. Yung ililipat dapat muna
kakausapin, tapos sila magdedetail kung saan marerelocate. Tapos yung iba, mga ano na yun,
mga technical na aspect, parang yung mga pinabasa mo sakin. May housing, bahay, yung
lokasyon, may facilities, pero yung pinakabasic talaga e yung, ano ba ang gusto ng mga tao? Lalo
na kung off-site ba o on-site na relocation, mga ganun. Sino ba may-ari nung mga bahay at bakit
sila papaalisin. So kailangan muna maresolve yun, with the community members bago pumasok
dun sa mga isyu. Yung lilipatan din ba nila e may mga eskwelahan ba, etc? That is secondary
doon sa community participation doon sa development ng kanilang community. Ang assumption
mo ba ay ililipat na sila? Kasi di ko alam yung assumption e.
R: Ayun po e nalipat na po sila doon sa mismong resettlement site, kaso po ay iniiwan po nila
ang mga bahay nila po at bumabalik po sila sa dating lugar po na nasa riles po.
M: Bakit?
xlv
R: Kasi po, ah, kunwari po wala pong trabaho, kung may mga malapit po na mga eskwelahan at
ospital po e
M: Galing no? Ikaw na ininterbyu ko e, hindi ba? Pero yun ang sagot, kasi di ko alam yung
context nung tanong mo e, kaya mahirap, mahirap pag di ko alam yung background, except
generic yung sinabi ko. Kailangan may participation, kasi most probably ang nilipatan nila ay off-
site, ibig sabihin malayo sa trabaho kaya babalik at babalik talaga sila sa trabaho, kasi yun ang
kabuhayan nila, so may isang step nan amiss, yun ang consultation.
R: Yun po ang nangyari po sir, tapos po meron kakausapin po yung komunidad pero yung,
parang ang nangyayari po ay kung ano po ang sasabihin nila sa announcement po ay yun ang –
M: Oo, perfunctory tawag dun
R: Perfunc-?
M: Perfunctory, it’s just, function lang nila na kausapin pero not to get ideas, but to convince the
people to leave. Di yun consultation, that’s persuasion, pinepersuade silang umalis, in the guise of
the consultation. Kaya problema yan, problema yan sa maraming ano, urban poor communities.
Usually kinukuha ng mga malalaking kumpanya, mga housing projects, yun ang tinitirhan nila,
yun ang problema.
R: Ano pong opinion niyo po ukol sa mga development projects po na naglilead siya dun po sa
community displacement po
M: Hirap ng question mo ah, anong komento ko? E—
R: Sa mga development projects kunwari po e iimprove daw po yung riles po, ieextend daw po
siya, papagandahin po ang tren, lilinisin po yung mismong riles po.
M: Sa palagay ko mas malalim pa ang dapat natin itanong e, bakit ba nagkaroon ng urban poor
communities, diba? Kasi reflection na lang yun ng maldevelopment ng isang bansa tulad ng
Pilipinas, kasi kung mayroon kang mahusay na mga housing projects, may matitirhan ang mga
taong naghahanap ng trabaho dito sa Metro Manila, kaso wala, kaya naghahanap sila ng libreng
espasyo para doon sila mabubuhay. Mga developer? Di ko alam e, e kung nasa tabi ng riles e
marami talagang namamatay doon, may easement naman talaga doon. Sana e maayos kung may
maayos na housing project. Kasi yan public project yata yan e, public ba?
R: Opo, kaso e may mga ano po siya, PPP po--
M: Kahit na, kung project siya na railway e, edi paunlarin ang railway pero hanapan ng
magandang matitirahan ang mga tao na malapit naman sa mga trabaho nila. Pwede naman yun,
magagaling naman ang mga engineers e, pag tinatamad, shortcut lang talaga, ililipat nila sa
malayo, kung san lang may bakante. Pero kung uupuan mo at pagiisipan mo, at
makikipagkonsultasyon sa mga tao pati sa mga developers, makakahanap sila dapat ng solusyon
housing na affordable para sa mga nakatira. Kasi ang mga tao din yan, mahirap naman na parang
daga na lang na itatapon mo kung saan. Dapat pati yung simbahan pumunta dun, kasi yung
religious, yung culture of religiosity, kasama yun sa culture natin e.
xlvi
R: Ang kinagandahan pa po pag simbahan po e minsan po yung mga simbahan po e parang may
mga missions na medical mission po
M: na dapat sana e ginagawa ng gobyerno?
R: Opo
M: Di pati yung pagsisimba, pero kung curative, ang naiisip ko lang talaga ay yung magspur ng
economic development, magtrain TESDA, or other NGOs na pwedeng pumasok at tumulong,
kasi andiyan na e, babalik at babalik sila sa dati nilang mga trabaho kung wala silang alam na iba.
Wala silang alam na ibang choice, bottomline niyan ay Economics. Pag wala kang makain,
maghahanap ka doon sa pinakaalam mo talaga which is yung dati nating lugar.
R: Tapos ang programs po yata e nakacenter lang po kung saan po yung barangay po, e ang
barangay po ay may kalayuan sa erya po, kaya ang nangyayari ay kunwari may mga medical na
programs po, nasa barangay lang po siya. Kumbaga po e sino ang malapit po doon sa barangay po
e sila lang po ang naaabutan po.
M: dapat tumakbo ka na lang dun e, ng Kapitan.
R: Yung kapitan po e ayaw po yata makipagusap sakin po yata e
M: Natakot sayo no? kasi baka marami kang itatanong
R: Ilang beses po akong bumalik dun po e tapos sinabi po may sakit daw po yung secretary daw
po. Pati yung secretary po ay di ko na po mainterbyu
M: Kahit sino na lang na konsehal dun, kasi magtatanong lang, baka naintimidate sayo. Taga-UP
ka e, hindi, intimidating kasi talaga pag UP, si Jhayber nga akala e pulis e dun sa urban poor
community baka itotokhang daw. O eto pala lisensya ko, irerenew ko na, isa itong urban planning
license, legit ah, legit ako.