Post on 30-Jan-2023
MAR-257
DISSERTATION-II
“AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN
URBAN AREAS”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
Requirement for the award of degree of
Master of Architecture
Submitted by Zeeshan Ibrar
Roll no :
Guided by PROF. S.M.AKHTAR
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI-110025
2013-2014
Faculty of Architecture & Ekistics,
Jamia Millia Islamia,
New Delhi
Certificate
In the partial fulfilment of the M. Arch degree program, this is to certify that ‘Zeeshan Ibrar’ has worked on the dissertation report entitled “AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN
URBAN AREAS” under my guidance and supervision.
Prof. S.M. Akhtar Prof. S.M. Akhtar
Dissertation Guide Dean
Ar. Nisar Khan Ar. Abdul Halim Babu
Course Co-ordinator Head of Department
External Examiner (1) External Examiner (2)
DECLARATION
I ZEESHAN IBRAR hereby declares that the dissertation entitled “AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF
NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS” submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award
of the degree of Masters of Architecture is my original design/ research work and that the
information taken from secondary sources is given due citations and references.
Date:____________ Zeeshan Ibrar
Place: ___________ M-Arch II sem
Urban regeneration
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly obliged and indebted to my research guide PROF.S.M AKHTAR for his support and help
extended during the course of study.
AR.IQTEDAR ALAM, Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA inspired me to cover
this project in my course. He helped me in collecting the pearls of wisdom from different sources,
arranging them in a systematic manner and in removing the cobwebs whenever they appeared. He
was always there to inspire me to remain focused in my mission. He was a source of immense
strength in the preparation and completion of this project for which I am deeply gratified to him.
My special gratitude to Librarian, Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics for his steady support in giving
me appropriate information all the time.
Last but not the least; I would like to thank my friend,Manu Agarwal, Mohit Gupta, Yusra Gul and
Vidya Anil for their patience and at times innovative ideas during the compilation of the project.
ZEESHAN IBRAR
M.ARCH II sem
F/O ARCHITECTURE AND EKISTICS,
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
Contents PREFACE .................................................................................................................................................. 7
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 8
2 Literature review ........................................................................................................................... 11
2.1 Concept of leisure activities .................................................................................................. 11
2.2 Urban community lifestyle .................................................................................................... 12
2.3 Designing urban public space for night time usage .............................................................. 13
3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 14
3.1 The objective and case study ................................................................................................ 14
3.2 Aim of the Study ................................................................................................................... 14
3.3 Research design and procedure ............................................................................................ 15
4 Results and discussion .................................................................................................................. 16
4.1 Perception of comfort on leisure activities ........................................................................... 18
4.2 Perception of convenience on leisure activities ................................................................... 19
4.3 Perception of safety on leisure activities .............................................................................. 19
5 Conclusions and recommendations .............................................................................................. 20
6 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 21
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
TABLE OF FIGURES FIGURE 0-1 DIFFERENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHTIME LEISURE ACTIVITIES. ................................................................. 7
FIGURE 1-1 NIGHT VIEW OF URBAN PARK (NOIDA) ........................................................................................... 8
FIGURE 1-2 GOOGLE IMAGE OF ASHOKA PARK ......................................................................................... 8
FIGURE 1-3 PUBLIC PARK: A PLACE FOR EXCHANGING THOUGHTS. ....................................................................... 9
FIGURE 1-4 COUPLE ENJOYING IN A PARK ................................................................................................. 9
FIGURE 1-5 PEOPLE ENJOYING IN A PARK ................................................................................................. 9
FIGURE 1-6 REASON TO USE PUBLIC PARKS ............................................................................................ 10
FIGURE 1-7 SHOWING DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES IN A PUBLIC PARK ........................................................... 10
FIGURE 1-8 FAMILY ENJOYING IN A PARK ............................................................................................... 10
FIGURE 2-1 DIFFERENT LEISURE ACTIVITIES ........................................................................................... 11
FIGURE 2-2 NIGHT TIME AT INDIA GATE ................................................................................................. 13
FIGURE 2-3 LIGHTING ATMOSPHERE AT INDIA GATE .............................................................................. 13
FIGURE 3-1 OPEN PUBLIC PARK IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF KAROL BAGH ............................................ 14
FIGURE 3-2 BUSY STREET OF GHAFFAR MARKET ..................................................................................... 14
FIGURE 3-3 NIGHT TIME LEISURE ACTIVITIES (I) ...................................................................................... 15
FIGURE 3-4 NIGHT TIME LEISURE ACTIVITIES (II) ..................................................................................... 15
FIGURE 4-1 DESEARTED LOOK AT ASHOKA PARK .............................................................................................. 18
FIGURE 4-2 FOOD JOINTS AT INDIA GATE ....................................................................................................... 18
FIGURE 4-3 PARKING AT INDIA GATE ....................................................................................................................... 19
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
PREFACE
Living in the 21st century and in a free, democratic country has its own pros and cons. Our
constitution boasts of guarantees our freedom but on the other hand it controls single
handed on every movement. Night lives in metros cities are always centre of attraction.
Earnest Hemmingway once penned down about the night life in which he said staying up
late and getting up late is not the life. This is nothing but delaying the day. Nightlife is when
you get up with a hangover in the morning. Night life is when everybody says what the hell
and you do 1remembered who paid the bill. Night life goes round and round and you look at
the wall to make it stop. Night life comes out of a bottle and goes into a jar. If you think how
much are the drinks it is not night life. But this is confined to one section of society only who
comes in a chauffeur driven car wearing designer outfits. And then moving to one scale
down we have the most suffered class i.e. middle class whose night life is confined to
weekend only. Keeping aside all the hustles of life and the tensions that they gained in those
five days, this is their only chance to leave their bag of burdens aside and enjoys their
pseudo happiness.
Then we have the amazing section in the strata of our heterogeneous society that is student
section. Free from every tension of the life, every night is their party night. They don’t need
high class pub or restaurant. Small dhabha where only tea n cigarettes are available are
their adda. This is the definition of night life for them.
Now the last one is the poor sections whose sole aim is to earn their two times bread. What
would be their night life when they don’t have any proper life of their own? They just need
the sound sleep so that they could ready for their next day battle.
So in this paper the different perception of night time’s leisure activities will be discussed of
different section of societies and their connecting link between them.
“Urban Community Perception on Night time Leisure Activities”
1 (Mohd Riduan Ngesana, 4-6 September 2013) Figure 0-1 Different perception of nightime leisure activities.
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
1 INTRODUCTION
As we know that different people have different
meaning for their night outs. And being in a metro
city this culture is day by day creeping in our life,
but the link that connects different strata with the
common thread is the open space that can be
enjoyed by each and every group and being more
specific it’s the public park but in our case we are
far way behind in enjoying the cool breeze during
summer night by just relaxing in the public park
during night time with our family, friends or alone.
Urban public parks form areas of division between neighbourhoods adjacent to them. for ex
if we look at the Ashoka park which lies in the neighbourhood of New friends colony, it serve
as a common platform for the residents of high end society of NFC and an urban village i.e.
zakir nagar. The same space may also operate as a link between the urban residents of
these neighbourhoods, offering common service and facilities such as playground, areas for
rest, and passageways for different age of the group.
Figure 1-1 Night view of urban park (Noida)
Figure 1-2 GOOGLE IMAGE OF ASHOKA PARK
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
As such, the urban public park serves as a meeting place for urban community in the city.
The sociocultural function of urban public parks can be especially important for lower income
groups. While the conditions in such area are
less attractive to those of the higher income area,
however these areas can provide the lower
income people an ample opportunities for
recreation and entertainment within an area with
environmental quality equal to those of other
urban residents forming sustainable of urban
community. But the success of the urban public
park can be measured by the no of visitors and its
frequencies by the urban community.
The degree of participation depends also upon the existence of proper condition. It is
reasonable to assume that the more interesting and convenience opportunities there are to
enjoy in open public space, the higher degree of participation. The most efficient way to
prevent crime in public parks is the presence of as many people in the park as
possible, during all hours of the day and evening2. If this point of view is correct, there
will be a need for a directed planning policy concerning urban public parks, which aims to
maximize the times and intensity of their use. Such planning should determine the location of
facilities and roads in the urban network, as well as planning details of the surrounding urban
area, such as land use around the park, institution to attract persons into the area during
various hours of the day and others.
This is also relevant if the place is experienced during night time. It definitely offers a
different environment and experience of place throughout the whole day. Moreover, night
time activities in public-park are part leisure and part recreation that has become an urban
trend .
2 (S.Auh, 2009)
Figure 1-3 public park: A place for exchanging thoughts.
Figure 1-5 PEOPLE ENJOYING IN A PARK Figure 1-4 COUPLE ENJOYING IN A PARK
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
Figure 1-6 REASON TO USE PUBLIC PARKS
Figure 1-8 FAMILY ENJOYING IN A PARK Figure 1-7 SHOWING DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES IN A PUBLIC PARK
Illustration: self
Source: self
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
2 Literature review
2.1 Concept of leisure activities
Leisure is defined as free time that does not involve work or performing other life sustaining
functions or it can be defined as a non-work activity or the activity engaged in during free
time3. The concept of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation to divide the types of leisure
activities. Intrinsic motivation refers to internal motivation (wanting to participate in the
activity for its own sake). In contrast, extrinsic motivation refers to external motivation
(wanting to do an activity for the external rewards associated with the activity). Some
activities are intrinsically motivated, others are extrinsically motivated, and perhaps the
largest number of activities is caused by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Night does not begin until the last trace of light has disappeared from the sky. The night
begins when all the light has disappeared from the sky after sunset and ends when the first
trace of light appears in the sky before sunrise. During these two periods, light and darkness
mix. It is not totally dark nor is it totally lit. Just before sunset, which is part of the day, the
darkness starts to creep in and thus the night is rolled over the end of the day.
SOURCE: http://cloudenterprise.info/do-we-have-similar-leisure-activities-in-colombia-yes-no-why.html
3 (Christopher R. Edginton, 2008)
Figure 2-1 DIFFERENT LEISURE ACTIVITIES
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
2.2 Urban community lifestyle
The high temperature during the day due to the effect of global warming discouraged
community activities in an urban public park, the busy lifestyle of urban community also
affects the lack of time for leisure and recreation activities in public outdoor spaces. As
mentioned above out of 50 hours of leisure time an average adult person spends only 2% of
it in the outdoor activities, the main reason for such discouragement is the changing lifestyle
and lack of opportunities in the terms of outdoor leisure activities. Leisure and works are
competitors for time. If one increases, the other decreases. This is the same for individual
and for society as a whole. These constraints have changed the behavioural patterns of the
urban communities where people prefer to carry out their leisure activities in outdoor public-
park after the sun has set because this offers a cooler temperature with different leisure
experience at night. It also encourages the urban community socializing with their family
members and friends within their community after working hours. Meanwhile, the current
planning designed and guidelines of urban public parks are not accommodative for
community night time leisure and recreation, currently, most of the leisure activities during
night time only take place indoors; in cinema, restaurants, shopping complexes, etc. The use
of indoor rather than open and green outdoor spaces in leisure time activities has led to
more passive urban community lifestyle. People in urban areas neglect the fact that
physically active lifestyle with outdoor green environment are important in term of physical
and mental health to enhance the urban quality of life There are also nightlife activities such
as pubs, bars and night clubs, but it gives a negative impact related with alcohol drinking and
other monoculture-use of city centres by the younger generations highlights that parks
facilitate social interactions are critical in maintaining community cohesion and pride. Park
plays a role in increasing social capital by providing a meeting place where people can
develop social ties. Moreover pointed that leisure at the park is able to improve moods,
reducing stress and enhancing a sense of wellness.4
4 (Mohd Riduan Ngesana, 4-6 September 2013)
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
2.3 Designing urban public space for night time usage
According to Project for Public Space (2005), the use of parks has changed from quiet
activities during the day to more socializing activities in the evening and extends up until at
night. The users also seem to distribute throughout the park during the day, while evenings
until night the area become more vibrant with community leisure activities focused on the
center of the park and the agglomeration of night time activity is able to create different
activity to attract people. They also
confirm that the creative
arrangement of urban components
can increase the urbanites
movement in urban outdoor
spaces.5The artificial light emerged
as a powerful instrument to enhance
the place, providing visibility and
protection. It helps to promote night
time leisure activities supporting
urban well-being and gives people
the perception of night territory
appropriation.In the design of urban spaces, managing light is associated with generating
quality of life for its citizens. Night becomes a palette of landscapes that have never been
seen before, transforming the landscape and image that triggers a living atmosphere of cities
at night. Light can give sense to a place,
giving new uses and new values. Social and
cultural changes of the recent decades have
increased the importance of space-time
relations at night. The cities concerned have
generated artificial day into the night, in
order to continue the sunlight hour activities
that are unable to get during the day. This
dichotomy separates day and night very
clearly, in which night was associated with
the unknown, provoking fears, mystery,
curiosity and contradiction.6
5 (Ngesana, 2013)
6 (Mohd Riduan Ngesana, 4-6 September 2013)
Figure 2-2 NIGHT TIME AT INDIA GATE
Figure 2-3 LIGHTING ATMOSPHERE AT INDIA GATE
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
3 Methodology
3.1 The objective and case study
This paper is part of a:
Night time leisure behaviour;
Image of night time urban public park; and
Perception of night time leisure activities.
Meanwhile, this paper would only consider the Perception of night time leisure activities.
3.2 Aim of the Study The aim of this study is to explore the urban community perception of night time leisure
activities in urban Public Park.
The aspects that were studied are :
comfort,
convenience and
safety
These are expected to give ideas for designing lively urban public outdoor spaces for
community during night time. The case study chosen is the neighbourhood of India gate and
new friends colony , due to the richness of green urban nature, well provided community
facilities; and the presence of busy night time commercial and entertainment centres nearby.
During night time, the thermal properties such as green surface in the open area with less
trees cover are more cooling that realize the effect of Urban Heat Island.
Figure 3-2 BUSY STREET OF GHAFFAR MARKET Figure 3-1 OPEN PUBLIC PARK IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF KAROL BAGH
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
3.3 Research design and procedure
The background and
literature study had been
carried out to gather
information and findings
from previous researches
regarding the leisure in
urban public parks. The
research is carried out in
the local neighbourhood
of new friends’ colony
ASHOKA PARK, karol
bagh and India gate. The
result from the literature study helps in identifying the problems area in these open spaces
and helps in formulating the design strategies. The survey was carried out at 7.30pm until
12.00 midnight using random sampling by taking a convenience park. To answer the
questionnaire, the respondents were asked to state their preference of priority on a scale
rating of 1 to 7; where 1 represent as very poor, 2 represent as poor, 3 represent slightly
poor, 4 represent as moderate, 5 represent as slightly good, 6 represent as good, and 7
represent as very good. The higher score means showed the higher degree of comfort,
convenient and safety.
Figure 3-3 NIGHT TIME LEISURE ACTIVITIES (i)
Figure 3-4 NIGHT TIME LEISURE ACTIVITIES (ii)
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
4 Results and discussion
Table 1 Demographic profile of India gate and Ashoka Park
Demographic profile of respondents in India Gate and Ashoka Park
S. no Demographic profile
Attribute Items India gate (150) Ashoka Park (70)
Frequency % Frequency %
1 Gender Male 54 36 22 31.4
Female 96 64 48 68.6
2 Income
>RS10000PM 38 25.3 33 47.1
RS10000-20000PM 63 42 12 17.1
20000-30000 pm 31 20.7 8 11.4
<30000 18 12 17 24.3
3 Place of stay Inside of study area 112 74.7 61 87.1
Outside of study area 38 25.3 9 12.9
4 Married status Single 58 38.7 59 84.3
Married 92 61.3 11 15.7
5 Group of leisure
Alone 6 4 24 34.3
Families 78 52 12 17.1
Friends 45 30 28 40
Friends and families 21 14 6 8.6
6 Length of leisure
Less than 1 hours 19 12.7 42 60
1 -2 hours 96 64 22 31.4
3- 4 hours 35 23.3 6 8.6
Table 1. described the demographic profile of respondents as the users of urban public park
during nighttime. Both areas of case study received higher female respondents than male
respondents. The safety of the place can be seen by the existence groups of women. The
longer the length of leisure in both areas which is one until two hours represents the
conditions of comfort and convenience while carrying out nighttime leisure. Survey
concludes that the middle class people shares 42% of gathering at India Gate where as 47%
of gathering at Ashoka parks are from BPL categories. 52% of gathering came with families
where as 34.3% at Ashoka Park came alone.
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
Table 2 % of attributes in group of leisure
34.3
17.1
40
8.64
52
30
14
Alone Families Friends Friends and families
Group of leisure
% of Attributes in group of leisure
Ashoka Park (70) India gate (150)
12.7
64
23.3
60
31.4
8.6
Less than 1 hours 1 -2 hours 3- 4 hours
% of Length of Leisure
India gate (150) Ashoka Park (70)
25.3
42
20.7
12
47.1
17.111.4
24.3
>RS10000PM RS10000-20000PM 20000-30000 pm <30000
Income
% of Income categories
India gate (150) Ashoka Park (70)
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
4.1 Perception of comfort on leisure activities
1= (Very uncomfortable); 2= (Uncomfortable); 3= (Slightly uncomfortable); 4= (Moderate); 5= (Slightly comfortable); 6-7= (Comfortable); 8-10= (Very comfortable)
Perception of comfort on leisure activities are depends upon the various attributes such as
cleanliness, noise pollution, insect threat etc. And all these factors contribute to the comfort
ability of the place weather it is of city scale or neighbourhood scale. As the survey of these
two urban parks revealed that the comfortably factor for India gate as it is of city scale and it
is the major open space, the parameters however varies in comparison with ashoka park.
However based on its size and scale, the visitors are more comfortable in enjoying their
leisure times there where as at ashoka park , evening time has almost very deserted look.
The isolation of space creates very unhealthy and dangerous environment over there.
Perception of comfort on leisure activities in India Gate and Ashoka Park
S.No Attribute items of comfort on
leisure activities India gate Ashoka Park
Score Score
1 Cleanliness of urban public park
6 3
2 Space to sit on ground
8 6
3 Space to play 7 5
4 Noise from vehicle 3 8
5 Smoke/ Dust/ Gases 3 8
6 Pest/ Insect/ Mosquito threat 7 1
7 Present of visitor from
outsider 9
2
8 To communicate with others
friends and families 7 6
Figure 4-1 Desearted look at ashoka park Figure 4-2 Food joints at india gate
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
4.2 Perception of convenience on leisure activities
Convenience for any activity is very important weather it’s for leisure or work. If the outdoor
area where one desires to spend some leisure time is not convenient to reach , then no one
even dare to think to go over there regardless of how beautiful or amazing is that place.
Various attributes that I used for measuring
convenience are as follows:
Accessibility of vehicle Accessibility of
pedestrian spaces
Variety of park facilities
Parking vehicle area
Dust bin
Bench
Food and games vendors
4.3 Perception of safety on leisure activities
Safety refers to the personal security of park users and covers both as perceived and
objective measure, where perceived safety refers to people perception and feeling of safety
while objective safety refers to actual incidents of crime.7 Distinguishing the two concepts is
important in order to adequately address the safety concern.
The attributes used to measure the safety in a public park during night times are as follows:
Sufficient and location of lighting
Present of children and senior
Presence of women groups
Presence of families groups
Security of visitor belonging
Criminal activities
Police patrol
However ona neighborhood scale at ashoka park women , specially teenage girls feels very
uncomfortyable after sunset as there is lack of police patrolling in this area and unscrupulous
group of people used to roam around these areas and tries to disturb the atmosphere .
7 (Mohd Riduan Ngesana, 4-6 September 2013)
Figure 4-3 Parking at India gate
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
5 Conclusions and recommendations This study reveals the positive perception of the community towards night time leisure
activities in urban public park in both of case study area of from the aspect of comfort,
convenience and safety. They also accepted the provision of night time urban public park as
the place for families leisure which help to rejuvenate urban community lifestyle and also act
as socializing tools. The results showed that the night time leisure in urban public park has a
potential to be explored as a future community leisure activities offering cooling outdoor
leisure environment with unique experiences of night scenery. Urban public park during night
time would promote a local nocturnal flora and fauna while optimizing the use of urban green
spaces. Such evidence may contribute to novel knowledge in the field of environmental
behavior studies, urban planning and urban landscape in creating a sustainable urban public
park design for urban communities while promoting vibrant urban public outdoor spaces
during night time. The findings may also be used to improve the local authority policies and
guidelines regarding future urban public park design. This study had identified the items
related to night time leisure activities in urban public park to ensure the safety. The urban
public park should provide a buffer zone to overcome the noise from vehicle on nearby roads
to improve the comfort of night time users. Moreover, the location of urban public park also
should be placed closed to mosque if the population area are among Muslim community.
Proper kiosks for food and games vendor should be provided. And pedestrian facilities
should also be provided to encourage the urban community to walk. Besides the frequency
of police of security patrol, the urban public park should be designed for leisure to enhance
the sense of safety during night time. Nowadays, urban public park during night time are not
only enjoyed by the urban community from the catchment area but also people outside who
needed a night time leisure. Therefore, the future urban public park development should
consider these variables and items in this research to ensure that urban public parks are not
only used during the day but also accessible during night time to satisfied the social need of
urban community leisure. Moreover, with the increasing of urban population and the
challenging of urban lifestyle in the future; the sizes of urban public park should been
enlarged to reduces a negative feelings users while carried out night time leisure due to the
effect of crowds. As this study is confined to the urban public parks KAROL BAGH and
ASHOKA PARK, it is suggested that future research should involve more samples of urban
parks nationwide. The implication of night time activities towards urban community well-
being can also be proposed for future studies to identify the relation of night time leisure
behaviour towards the quality of urban life.
AN ASSORTMENT PERCEPTION OF NIGHT LIFE IN URBAN AREAS 2013-14
ZEESHAN IBRAR M ARCH II SEM (U/R) JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA , NEW DELHI-25
6 Bibliography Christopher R. Edginton, P. C. (2008). Leisure as Transformation. Champaign, US: Sagamore
Publishing, L.L.C.
Lal, N. (2014). NILAA ARCHITECTURE & URBAN DESIGN . Retrieved may 2, 2014, from
http://www.nila-a.com/
Mohd Riduan Ngesana, H. A. (4-6 September 2013). Urban Community Perception on Nighttime
Leisure Activities. Asia Pacific International Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies. London:
University of Westminster, London, UK.
Ngesana, M. R. (2013). Image of Urban Public Park During Nighttime in Relation to Place Identity.
S.Auh, C. (2009). Quality of community life among rural residents: An integrated model.
WIKIPEDIA. (n.d.). Retrieved MAY 3, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Bagh