Post on 22-Nov-2014
description
TeoriHarga Pasar
TeoriHarga Pasar
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Kurva PermintaanKurva Permintaan
Kurva Permintaan:Permintaan atas Kentang (per bulan )
Kurva Permintaan:Permintaan atas Kentang (per bulan )
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
Price(pence per kg)
20
Market demand(tonnes 000s)
700A
Point
A
Market demand for potatoes (monthly)Market demand for potatoes (monthly)
Demand
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
Price(pence per kg)
20
40
Market demand(tonnes 000s)
700
500
A
B
Point
A
B
Demand
Market demand for potatoes (monthly)Market demand for potatoes (monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
Price(pence per kg)
20
40
60
Market demand(tonnes 000s)
700
500
350
A
B
C
Point
A
B
C
Demand
Market demand for potatoes (monthly)Market demand for potatoes (monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
Price(pence per kg)
20
40
60
80
Market demand(tonnes 000s)
700
500
350
200
A
B
C
D
Point
A
B
C
D
Demand
Market demand for potatoes (monthly)Market demand for potatoes (monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
Price(pence per kg)
20
40
60
80
100
Market demand(tonnes 000s)
700
500
350
200100
A
B
C
D
E
Point
A
B
C
D
E
Demand
Market demand for potatoes (monthly)Market demand for potatoes (monthly)
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Shifts of thedemand curveShifts of the
demand curve
D1
Pric
e
P
O Q0 Q1
Quantity
An increase in demandAn increase in demand
D0
D0
Pric
e
P
O Q0 Q1
Quantity
A decrease in demandA decrease in demand
D1
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Kurva PenawaranKurva Penawaran
The supply curve:The supply of potatoes (monthly)
The supply curve:The supply of potatoes (monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
Supply
a
P
20
Q
100a
Market supply of potatoes (monthly)Market supply of potatoes (monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
Supply
a
b
P
20 40
Q
100200
ab
Market supply of potatoes (monthly)Market supply of potatoes (monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
Supply
a
b
c
P
20 40 60
Q
100200350
abc
Market supply of potatoes (monthly)Market supply of potatoes (monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
Supply
a
b
c
d P
20 40 60 80
Q
100200350530
abcd
Market supply of potatoes (monthly)Market supply of potatoes (monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
Supply
a
b
c
d
e
P
20 40 60 80100
Q
100200350530700
abcde
Market supply of potatoes (monthly)Market supply of potatoes (monthly)
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Shifts of thesupply curveShifts of thesupply curve
P
QO
S0
Shifts in the supply curveShifts in the supply curve
P
QO
S0
Increase
S1
Shifts in the supply curveShifts in the supply curve
P
QO
S2 S0 S1
IncreaseDecrease
Shifts in the supply curveShifts in the supply curve
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Keseimbangan PasarKeseimbangan Pasar
Equilibrium price and output:The Market Demand and Supply of Potatoes (Monthly)
Equilibrium price and output:The Market Demand and Supply of Potatoes (Monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)
The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
E
D
C
B
Aa
b
c
d
e
Supply
Demand
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
E
C
B
Aa
b
c
e
Supply
Demand
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
D dSURPLUS
(330 000)
The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)
The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
E
D
C
B
Aa
b
c
d
e
Supply
Demand
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)
SHORTAGE
(300 000)
The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)
The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
D d
Qe
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)
E
B
Aa
b
e
Supply
Demand
Pri
ce (
pen
ce p
er k
g)The determination of market equilibrium
(potatoes: monthly)The determination of market equilibrium
(potatoes: monthly)
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh shift of the demand curve terhadap
Keseimbangan Pasar
Pengaruh shift of the demand curve terhadap
Keseimbangan Pasar
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
S
D1
g
Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve
An increase in demand
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
S
D1
g
Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
S
D1
D2
g
Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
S
g h
D1
D2
Pe2
Qe2
i
Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
S
D1D2
g
A decrease in demand
Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
S
D1D2
g
Pe2
Qe2
n
m
Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh shift of the supply curve terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar
Pengaruh shift of the supply curve terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
D
S1
g
Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve
A decrease in supply
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
D
S1
g
Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
D
S1
S2
g
Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve
P
QO
Pe1
Pe3
Qe3Qe1
D
S1
S2
j g
k
Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
D
S1
g
An increase in supply
S2
Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
D
S1
g
S2
p
Pe2
Qe2
q
Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh Dimensi Waktu terhadap
Keseimbangan Pasar
Pengaruh Dimensi Waktu terhadap
Keseimbangan Pasar
Dimensi Waktu PenawaranDimensi Waktu Penawaran
Berdasarkan dimensi waktunya, pasar dikelompokkan menjadi 3 jenis yaitu:
1. Pasar seketika atau immediate market
2. Pasar jangka pendek atau short-run market
3. Pasar jangka panjang atau long-run market
Pasar Seketika atau Immediate MarketPasar Seketika atau Immediate Market
Pasar seketika merupakan periode pasar
yang demikian pendeknya hingga tidak
memungkinkan bagi produsen untuk
mengubah jumlah hasil produksinya.
Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan adalah
tetap
Pasar Jangka Pendek atau Short-run MarketPasar Jangka Pendek atau Short-run Market
Pasar Jangka Pendek merupakan periode pasar dimana
produsen telah dapat memperbaiki hasil produksinya, tetapi
belum cukup waktu untuk mengubah skala produksi. Dan di
samping itu belum memungkinkan untuk masuknya produsen
baru dalam pasar
Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan mengikuti hukum penawaran
dan cenderung inelastis
Pasar Jangka Panjang atau Long-run MarketPasar Jangka Panjang atau Long-run Market
Pasar Jangka Panjang merupakan periode pasar
dimana produsen telah memiliki cukup waktu untuk
mengubah skala produksi. Dan memungkinkan
masuknya produsen baru dalam pasar
Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan mengikuti hukum
penawaran dan cenderung elastis
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Immediate Market
Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Immediate Market
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
S
D1
D2
g
D3
Pe2
Pe3
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Short-run Market
Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Short-run Market
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
S
D1
D2
g
D3
Pe2
Pe3
Qe2Qe3
Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Long-run Market
Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Long-run Market
P
QO
Pe1
Qe1
S
D1
D2
g
D3
Pe2
Pe3
Qe2Qe3