Reaksi senyawa Reaksi senyawa hidrokarbonhidrokarbon

Reaksi oksidasiReaksi oksidasi Reaksi substitusiReaksi substitusi Reaksi adisiReaksi adisi Reaksi eliminasiReaksi eliminasi Reaksi Reaksi

polimerisasipolimerisasi

1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi 1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi oksidasioksidasi

CHCH33-CH-CH33 + + 3/2 3/2 OO22 → → 22CC + 3H + 3H22OO

CHCH22=CH=CH22 ++ 22 O O22 → → 22C C + 2H+ 2H22OO

CH≡CHCH≡CH + + 1/21/2 O O22 → 2→ 2CC + H + H22OO

CHCH33-CH-CH33 + + 7/27/2 O O22 → → 2C2COO22 + 3H + 3H22OO

CHCH22=CH=CH22 ++ 33 O O22 → → 2C2COO22 + 2H + 2H22OO

CH≡CHCH≡CH + + 5/25/2 O O22 → 2C→ 2COO22 + H + H22OO

2. Reaksi substitusi pada 2. Reaksi substitusi pada alkanaalkana

CHCH44 + Cl + Cl22 → CH→ CH33Cl + HClCl + HCl

CHCH33-CH-CH33 +Cl +Cl22 →→ CHCH33-CH-CH22Cl + HClCl + HCl

CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + Cl + Cl22 → CH → CH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22Cl + HClCl + HCl

CCnnHH2n+22n+2 + X + X22 → C → CnnHH2n+12n+1X + HXX + HX

3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkuna3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkuna

a. Adisi hidrogena. Adisi hidrogen

CH2= CH2 + H2 CH2= CH2 + H2 Ni/PtNi/Pt CH3-CH3 CH3-CH3

CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 Ni/PtNi/Pt CH3-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH3

CH≡CH + H2 CH≡CH + H2 Ni/PtNi/Pt CH2=CH2CH2=CH2

CH≡CHCH≡CH + 2H2 + 2H2 Ni/PtNi/Pt 200200˚̊cc CH3-CH3-CH3CH3

b. Adisi b. Adisi

halogenhalogen CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2=CH2 + Br2 → CH2BR-CH2Br→ CH2BR-CH2Br

etena dibromoetanaetena dibromoetana

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3

2-butena 2,3-diklorobutana2-butena 2,3-diklorobutana

CHCH≡≡CH + Br2 CH + Br2 → CHBr=CHBr→ CHBr=CHBr

etuna dibromoetenaetuna dibromoetena

CHCH≡≡ CH+ 2Br2 → CHBr2-CHBr2 CH+ 2Br2 → CHBr2-CHBr2

etuna tetrabromoetanaetuna tetrabromoetana

CHCH≡≡C-CH3 + Br2 C-CH3 + Br2 → CHBr=CBr-CH3→ CHBr=CBr-CH3

propuna 1,2-dibromopropenapropuna 1,2-dibromopropena

CHCH≡≡C-CH3 + C-CH3 + 2Br2 → CHBr2-CBr2-CH32Br2 → CHBr2-CBr2-CH3

propuna 1,2-tetrabromopropanapropuna 1,2-tetrabromopropana

c. Adisi asam c. Adisi asam halidahalidaAlkena simetrisAlkena simetris

CHCH22=CH=CH22 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22ClCl etena kloroetanaetena kloroetana

CHCH33-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH33 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH33

2-butena 2-klorobutana2-butena 2-klorobutana

CH≡CH + HCl CH≡CH + HCl → CH→ CH22=CHCl=CHCl

etuna kloroetena etuna kloroetena

(vinilklorida)(vinilklorida)

CHCH33-C≡C-CH-C≡C-CH33 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CH=CCl-CH-CH=CCl-CH33

2-butuna 2-kloro-2-butuna 2-kloro-2butena2butena

Aturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetrisAturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetris

CHCH33-CH=CH-CH=CH22 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22ClCl

% <<<<< % <<<<<

→ → CHCH33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH33

% >>>>>% >>>>>

CHCH33-CH= CH-CH-CH= CH-CH22 -CH -CH33 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH33

% <<<<< % <<<<<

→ → CHCH33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH33

% >>>>>% >>>>>

d. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkunad. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkuna

CHCH22=CH=CH22 + H + H22O O H2SO4 300˚C 70 AtmH2SO4 300˚C 70 Atm CHCH33-CH-CH22OHOH

etena etanoletena etanol

CH≡CH + HCH≡CH + H22O O H2SO4 60˚CH2SO4 60˚C CHCH33-CHO-CHO

etuna etanaletuna etanal

4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana

CHCH33-CH-CH33 panaspanas CH CH22=CH=CH22 + H + H22

CC33HH88 panaspanas CH CH22=CH=CH22 + CH + CH44

5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkuna5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkuna

CHCH22=CH=CH22 + CH + CH22=CH=CH22 + CH + CH22=CH=CH22 +…… +…… → -CH→ -CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH22--CHCH22--

etena polietenaetena polietena

CHCH22=CHCl + CH=CHCl + CH22=CHCl + CH=CHCl + CH22=CHCl +…… =CHCl +…… → -CH→ -CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CHCl--CHCl-

kloroetena ( vinilklorida) polivinilkloridakloroetena ( vinilklorida) polivinilklorida

Substitusi halogen pada alkanaSubstitusi halogen pada alkana

CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + Cl + Cl22 → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22Cl + HClCl + HCl propana kloropropana propana kloropropana

Adisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkunaAdisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkuna

CHCH3-3-CHCH22=CH=CH2-2-CHCH33 + Cl + Cl22 →→ CH CH33CHCH22Cl-CHCl-CH22Cl-CH3 Cl-CH3 etena 2,3-diklorobutanaetena 2,3-diklorobutana

CH CH33-C≡C-CH-C≡C-CH3 3 + H+ H2 2 → CH → CH33-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH33

2-butuna 2-butena2-butuna 2-butena

CHCH33-C≡C-CH-C≡C-CH33 + 2 H+ 2 H22 → CH → CH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH332-butuna butana2-butuna butana

Adisi asam halida pada alkenaAdisi asam halida pada alkena

CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH33

3-heksena 3-kloroheksana3-heksena 3-kloroheksana

== CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH33

3-kloroheksana3-kloroheksana

CHCH33-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH33

2-pentena 2-kloropentena2-pentena 2-kloropentena

CHCH22=CH-CH=CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH33

1-butena 2-klorobutena1-butena 2-klorobutena

Uji diriUji diri

Tuliskan hasil reaksiTuliskan hasil reaksi

Adisi HCl pada 2-metil-1-butenaAdisi HCl pada 2-metil-1-butena

Adisi HCl pada 4-etil-2-heksenaAdisi HCl pada 4-etil-2-heksena