Laser-Induced Plasma & Aplikasinya di Indonesia

Ali Khumaeni

Laboratory of Laser Plasma Spectroscopy

University of Fukui

PlasmaPlasma

AtomAtom

LaserLaser

Laser PlasmaLaser Plasma

Contents

AplikasiAplikasi

PlasmaPlasma

Plasma

Berbagai macam plasmaBerbagai macam plasma

Plasma

Fase perubahan wujudFase perubahan wujud

Plasma

Bersyukurlah !~ 99 % Alam semesta adalah PLASMA

Bersyukurlah !~ 99 % Alam semesta adalah PLASMA

Mayoritas dalam hidup ini deskrit Setiap manusia punya energy state Hidup untuk bermanfaat Meta-stable dan ionisasi

Atom

Laser

Kerja kelompok saling motivasi Kerja kelompok hasil besar

Mengurai problems Spesifik itu indah Ahli salah satu bidang

Spektrum

Metode analysisMetode analysis

Arc Discharge

T~ 5000 K

T ~ 2000 K

Burner

Flame T~ 8000 K

High Frequency Plasma（ ICP)

atomic emission

Delicate sample preparation Labor intensive Expensive in experimental instrumentation Not mobile system

Rapid analysis Without/less sample 　 preparation ?

Laser PlasmaLaser Plasma

Dinamika Laser PlasmaDinamika Laser Plasma

Compact LIBS

Aplikasi Laser PlasmaAplikasi Laser Plasma

Laser PlasmaLaser

Plasma

Industri

Agrikultur

Reaktor

Farmasi

Antariksa

Lingkungan

ArkeologiMaterial processing

Reaktor Nuklir

ＰＣ

分光器

燃料集合体

燃料プール

Laser ＰＣ

OMA

Water Pool

プラズマからの水素蛍光

Shield Gas (He)

Heating Laser forRemoving Surface Water

Laser Beam

Lens

Skirt to confine gas in water

Zircaloy Tube

Laser PlasmaHydrogen Emission from Plasma

Head

Zircaloy Tube

Pipa Zirconium untuk kontainer uraniumDi bawah permukaan air laut

Pipa Zirconium untuk kontainer uraniumDi bawah permukaan air laut

Antariksa

Analisis unsur di Planet MarsAnalisis unsur di Planet Mars

Aplikasi Laser Plasma di IndonesiaAplikasi Laser Plasma di Indonesia

Laser PlasmaLaser

Plasma

Industri

Agrikultur Farmasi

Lingkungan

ArkeologiMaterial processing

Arkeologi

Penentuan umur statuePenentuan umur statue

Herbal & Supplement

Herbal & Supplement

Analisis mineral dan logam beratAnalisis mineral dan logam berat

Farmasi

Lingkungan

Analisis logam berat di tanahAnalisis logam berat di tanah

Material processing

Analisis Cu dan C di logamAnalisis Cu dan C di logam

Agrikultur

Analisis Al dan Cd di berasAnalisis Al dan Cd di beras

Agrikultur

Analisis Al, Cd, Pb di areal agrikulturAnalisis Al, Cd, Pb di areal agrikultur

Industri kayu

Analisis Cr dan Cu di kayuAnalisis Cr dan Cu di kayu

02000400060008000

1000012000140001600018000

422 424 426 428 430

Wavelength, nm

Inten

sity,

coun

ts

Cr I 425.4 nm

Cr I 427.4 nm

Cr I 428.9 nm

Kesimpulan

Sains mengarahkan kita berpikir logis dan sistematis. Selain itu, banyak hikmah bisa diambil dari mempelajari sains.

Analisis bisa dilakukan dengan cepat dan secara langsung dengan teknik laser plasma.

Indonesia sebagai negara besar mempunyai peluang yang signifikan dalam menggunakan teknik laser plasma untuk analisis di berbagai bidang.

1

2

3

Terima kasihTerima kasih

A novel technique for rapid quantitative analyses of elements on herb medicine and food powder has successfully been developed. In this technique, the powder samples were plugged in a small hole (2 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth) and covered by a metal mesh. TEA CO2 laser (1500 mJ, 200 ns) was focused on the powder sample surfaces passing through the metal mesh at atmospheric pressure of nitrogen surrounding gas. It is hypothesized that the small hole functions to confine the powder particles and suppresses the blowing-off, while the metal mesh works as the source of electrons to initiate the strong gas breakdown plasma. The confined powder particles are subsequently ablated by the laser irradiation and the ablated particles move into the strong gas breakdown plasma region to be atomized and excited. Using this method, a quantitative analysis of the milk powder sample containing different concentrations of Ca was successfully demonstrated, resulting in a good linear calibration curve with high precision.

ABSTRACTABSTRACT

Delicate sample preparation Labor intensive Expensive in experimental instrumentation Not mobile system

General Methods for Powder AnalysisGeneral Methods for Powder Analysis

Wet digestion Dry ashing

Wet digestion Dry ashing

ICP MSICP AES

High Frequency Plasma

Liquid sample

Rapid analysis Without/less sample 　 preparation ?

Liquid sampleLiquid sample

Powder samplePowder sample

LIBS : Direct YAG Laser Irradiation on The Solid Sample LIBS : Direct YAG Laser Irradiation on The Solid Sample

Solid sample Nd YAG laser is commercially available and commonly uses in LIBS technique Strong plasma can be induced on the solid sample

Strong plasma

Powder

Difficult to make plasmadue to strong Blowing-off

Direct bombardment on powdersUsing Nd YAG laser

Indirect, by making pellet

The error might come during the sample pretreatment

Powder pellet

KBr powder Powders

Direct TEA CO2 Laser Irradiation on The Powder Samples Direct TEA CO2 Laser Irradiation on The Powder Samples

PlasmaFew particlesblowing-off

Strong plasmaCan easily be induced due to

long pulse duration and long wavelength

Lack of repulsion force toInduce big plasma

Power density

LIPS with different sourcesLIPS with different sources

PlasmaNo plasma

Small Plastic vessel

Powder sample

Lid plastic

Metal mesh

Vinyl tape

40mm

Powder sample

Powder sample

Top view

Sample Preparation Using Previous MethodSample Preparation Using Previous Method

Photo drag detector

22 Experimental setup

TEA-CO2 LASER

ChamberChamber

TEA CO2 laser

Metal mesh

Strong gas plasma(Metal mesh-induced plasma)

Holder

粉体Powdersample

Atomization and excitation take place in plasma

TEA CO2 laser impinges powder sample

Plasma is induced by a metal mesh

Fine particles are ablated and enter in plasma

Emission lines are detectedBy OMA

Mechanism of atomization & excitation processIn our previous method

No ablation or damage on the metal mesh

Medicine Tablet(Zn+Se) powder

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

326 328 330 332 334 336 338

Wave length(nm)

Inte

nsity(

a.u.

)

Zn I 330.2 nm

Zn I 328.2 nm

Zn I 334.5 nm

Medicine Tablet(Zn+Se) powder Si line

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

244 246 248 250 252 254 256 258

Wave length(nm)

Inte

nsity(

a.u.

)

Si I 250.7 nm

C I 247.8 nm

Si I 251.6 nm

Si I 252.8 nm

Commercial Supplement Analysis

•Commercial Supplement contains 1.5% Zn•Silicone is also important for our health

Supplement powder

TEA CO2 laser

Metal mesh-inducedplasma

ZnS powder

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

388 390 392 394 396 398 400

Wave length(nm)

Inte

nsity(

a.u.

)

Ca II 396.8 nmCa II 393.3 nm

ZnS powder analysis

ZnS powder

TEA CO2 laser

Metal mesh-inducedplasma

Ca as an impurity in the ZnS powder (Commercial Chemical powder) can be detected clearly

The Comparative Study of Herb Medicine Analysis

(b)

0

50

100

150

200

250

390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399

Wavelength (nm)

Inte

nsity

(Cou

nts)

Ca II 393.3 nm

Ca II 396.8 nm

Al I 396.1nm

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399

Wavelength (nm)

Inte

nsity

(C

ount

s)

Ca II 393.3 nmCa II 396.8 nm

Al I 394.4 nm

Herb medicine Powder sample

Aluminum plate

Gas Plasma

Metal mesh

TEA CO2 laserNd YAG laser

Herb medicine pellet

Nd YAG laser case TEA CO2 laser case

Atomization and excitation take place in plasma

TEA CO2 laser impinges powder sample

Plasma is induced by a metal mesh

Fine particles confined in the hole are constantly

ablated and enter in plasma

Emission lines are detectedBy OMA

Novel Method for Quantitative Analysis in Powder Sample

3 mm

（ 0.001 g ）

Strong and big plasmaInduced by a metal mesh

C-H cluster

Ca (I)I 393.3 nm

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430

Wavelength (nm)

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

Ca II 393.3 nm

C-H cluster

Ca II 396.8 nm

N II 399.5 nm

Tiny amount of sample0.001 g

Milk Powder Analysis Using Novel Method

Emission spectrum of milk powder containing 0.68 % of Ca

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Number of laser shots

Inten

sity (

a.u)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Ca II

393.3

nm/C

-H cl

uste

r

C-H cluster

N II 399.5 nm

Ca II 393.3 nm

Milk powder containing0.56 % of Ca

Gas plasma

Good Reproducibility of Emission intensities Taken From Milk Powder

Emission intensities of Ca II, C-H cluster, N IIAs a function of the number of laser shots

Standard Deviation less 4.5 %

Nice Calibration Curve

Calibration curve of milk powders containing Different concentrations of Ca

0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Ca concentration in milk powders (mg)C

a II

393.

3 nm

/C-H

clu

ster