Post on 10-Nov-2020
INTERAKSI SUPORTER SEPAK BOLA RANGERS FC DAN
CELTIC FC SEBAGAI CERMINAN KONFLIK SEKTARIAN
DI SKOTLANDIA
SKRIPSI
Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1
Disusun Oleh:
Lucky Dwi Novita
NIM: 201210360311088
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2017
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Nama : Lucky Dwi Novita
NIM : 201210360311088
Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Jurusan : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Judul Skripsi : Interaksi Suporter Sepak Bola Rangers FC dan Celtic CF sebagai
Cerminan Konflik Sektarian di Skotlandia\
Telah dipertahankan dihadapan Dewan Penguji Ujian Skripsi
Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik
Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Dan dinyatakan LULUS
Pada hari : Kamis
Tanggal : 13 April 2017
Tempat : Kantor Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional FISIP UMM
Mengesahkan
Dekan FISIP – UMM
Dr. Asep Nurjaman, M.Si
Dewan Penguji:
1. M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA ( )
2. Dedik Fitrah, M.Hub.Int ( )
3. Haryo Prasodjo, MA ( )
4. Hafid Adim, MA ( )
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Alla SWT yang telah
melimpahkan kasih dan sayang-Nya kepada kita. Shalawat serta salam semoga
senantiasa terlimpah curahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, kepada keluarga,
para sahabatnta dan para pengikutnya, Ammin.
Penulis menyadari dalam proses penulisan skripsi yang berjudul “Interaksi
Suporter Sepak Bola Rangers FC dan Celtic FC Sebagai Cerminan Konflik
Sektarian di Skotlandia” ini mengalami kendala, berkah dari Allah SWT penulis
dapat melalui kendala tersebut. Untuk itu penulis menyampaikan segenap ucapan
terima kasih kepada Bapak Haryo Prasodjo, MA selaku pemebimbing I dan Bapak
Hafid Adim Pradana,MA selaku pembimbing II yang telah meluangkan waktu,
tenaga dan pikiran dalam memberikan bimbingan, yang sangat berharga kepada
penulis selama proses penyususnan skipsi ini.
Selanjutnya ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan pula kepada:
1. Bapak Drs. Fauzan M.Pd selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang
2. Bapak Dr. Asep Nurjaman M.Si selaku Dekan FISIP Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang
3. Bapak M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA dan Bapak Dedik Fitrah, M.Hub.Int, selaku
dewan pengujji yang memberikan banyak kritik, saran dan masukan yang
membantu menyempurnakan skripsi ini
4. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Prodi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional UMM yang
telahmembekali penulis dengan berbagai ilmu selama mengikuti
perkuliahan
5. Terima kasih kepada kedua Orang Tua, Bapak saya Bambang Margono
dan Ibu Sukini, kakak ku Wuri Eka Octavi dan Krisna yang memberikan
dukungan moral dan metril serta doa yang selalu menyemangati penulis.
6. Terima kasih kepada Ibu Mia Asyathri., M.Sos yang memberikan banyak
masukan, kritikan serta dukungan yang sempat menjadi pembimbing I
bagi penulis.
7. Terima kasih kepada teman-temanku yaitu, Anis, Intan, Lisa, Mina, Susan,
Silvi, Ade, Kirana, Heavy, Widi, Faridha, Habibi. Terima kasih telah
banyak membantu dan mendukung penulis.
8. Terima kasih kepada seluruh teman-teman HI 2012 yang memberikan
dukungan dan dorongan demi kelancraan skripsi ini, semoga kita semua
diberikan kemudahan dan kelancaran, Ammin.
9. Terima kasih sahabatku dari SMP Anna Akhsannus yang banyak
membantu dan memberi dukungan baik suka maupun duka.
10. Terima kasih kepada sahabat kecilku Azizah dan Ninuk yang juga
memberikan dukungan dan bantuan selama ini.
11. Terima kasih kepada grup chat dan teman seperjuangan “Rumpi Sist”
dalam mengerjakan skripsi yaitu Habibi, Susan, Lisa, Anis, Intan dan
Mina. Tanpa kalian penulis akan merasa hambar tanpa melakukan curahan
hati selama proses mengerjakan skripsi dan dukungan dari kalian.
12. Dan terakhir, terima kasuntuk semua pihak yang telah membantu baik
memberikan dukungan dan dorongan unutk penulis yang namanya tidak
dapat disebutkan satu-persatu, Terima Kasih
Semoga Allah SWT memberikan balasan yang berlipat ganda kepada
semuanya. Saran dan kritik yang membangun akan penulis terima dengan
senang hati melalui Gmail yaitu: luckynovita2@gmail.com Semoga skripsi ini
dapat berguna dalam menambah materi akademik Ilmu Hubungan
Internasional UMM kemudian hari.
Malang, 10 April 2017
Lucky Dwi Novita
DAFTAR ISI
COVER ........................................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI ......................................................... ii
LEMBARPENGESAHAN ............................................................................ iii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................ iv
BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ................................................. v
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... x
DAFTAR ISTILAH ....................................................................................... xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 6
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................ 6
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................. 6
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................... 6
1.3.2.1 Manfaat Praktis ...................................................... 6
1.3.2.2 Manfaat Akademis ................................................. 7
1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................ 7
1.5 Kerangka Teori dan Konsep ............................................................ 16
1.5.1 Konsep Konflik Sektarian .................................................... 16
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian ..................................................................... 20
1.6.1 Metode/ Tipe Penelitian ....................................................... 20
1.6.2 Teknik Analisa Data ............................................................ 21
1.6.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data .................................................. 21
1.6.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian .................................................. 21
a. Batasan Materi ................................................................ 21
b. Batasan Waktu ................................................................ 21
1.7 Argumen Pokok ............................................................................... 23
1.8 Sitematika penulisan ........................................................................ 24
BAB II DINAMIKA DAN SEJARAH KONFLIK SEKTARIAN DI
SKOTLANDIA
2.1 Sepak Bola sebagai Olahraga Populer dalam Masyarakat
Skotlandia ........................................................................................ 25
2.2 Berdirinya Rangers dan Celtic ......................................................... 27
2.2.1 Sejarah Berdirinya Rangers ................................................. 27
2.2.2 Sejarah Berdirinya Celtic ..................................................... 32
2.3 Konflik Sektarian di dalam Sepak Bola .......................................... 35
2.3.1 Kronologi Konflik Sektarian di Skotlandia ......................... 36
2.3.1.1 Sejarah Konflik Katolik dan Protestan .................. 37
2.3.1.2 Masuknya Imigran Irlandia ke Skotlandia ............. 39
2.4 Konflik Sektarian di dalam Sepak Bola .......................................... 44
2.4.1 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1909 ............................................. 46
2.4.2 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1955 ............................................. 46
2.4.3 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1971 ............................................. 47
2.4.4 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1980 ............................................. 48
2.4.5 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1993 ............................................. 49
2.4.6 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1998 ............................................. 49
2.4.7 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1999 ............................................. 50
2.4.8 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 2003 ............................................. 50
2.4.9 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 2004 s/d 2006 .............................. 51
2.4.10 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 2008 ............................................. 52
BAB III KONFLIK SEKTARIAN DALAM PERSEPAKBOLAAN DI
SKOTLANDIA .............................................................................. 54
3.1 Konflik Sektarian antar Suporter Rangers dan Celtic tahun 2009-
2015 ................................................................................................. 54
3.1.1 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 2009 ............................................. 55
3.1.2 Konflik Sektarrian Tahun 2010 ........................................... 58
3.1.3 Konflik Sektarrian Tahun 2011 ........................................... 59
3.1.4 Konflik Sektarrian Tahun 2012 ........................................... 62
3.1.5 Konflik Sektarrian Tahun 2013-2014 .................................. 64
3.1.6 Konflik Sektarrian Tahun 2015 ........................................... 68
BAB IV INTERAKSI SUPORTER SEPAK BOLA RANGERS FC
DAN CELTIC FC .......................................................................... 72
4.1 Sektarianisme dalam Sebutan Suporter ........................................... 75
4.2 Sektarianisme Suporter dalam Organisasi ....................................... 76
4.3 Sektarianisme Melalui sebuah Lagu ................................................ 77
4.3.1 Lagu Diperbolehkan ............................................................ 78
4.3.2 Lagu Dilarang ...................................................................... 80
4.4 Perbedaan Identitas Suporter Melalui Bendera ............................... 89
BAB V PENUTUP ...................................................................................... 98
4.1 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................... 90
4.2 Saran ................................................................................................ 92
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 93
LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................... 104
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Lirik lagu yang dapat dinyanyikan oleh suporter Rangers FC
dan Celtic FC..................................................................................104
Lampiran 2 Penangkapan suporter dalam lapangan...........................................107
Lampiran 3 Pengibaran bendera Tricolor Irlandia oleh suporter
Celtic FC dalam pertandingan Old Firm Derby..............................107
Lampiran 4 Pemisahan tempat duduk suporter Rangers Fc dan Celtic Fc.........108
Lampiran 5 Suporter Celtic membentangkan spanduk penghinaan yang
ditujukan kepada Rangers...............................................................109
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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https://englishhistory.net/tudor/relative/mary-queen-of-scots/ (02/11/2016,
19:00 WIB).
Moses McNeil – Co founder of Glasgow Rangers Football Club, Rangers and
Scotland Footballer, diskses dalam http://www.heroescentre.co.uk/hall-of-
fame/sport/sport-moses-mcneil/ (01/09/2016, 08:00 WIB).
Moses McNeil – Co Founder of Glasgow Rangers FootballClub, Rangers and
Scotland Footballer, diakses dalam http://www.heroescentre.co.uk/hall-of-
fame/sport/sport-moses-mcneil/ (01/09/2016, 11:05 WIB).
Nil By Mouth Callenging Sectarianism: History, diakses dalam
http://nilbymouth.org/aboutus/our-history/ (23/01/2017, 20:00 WIB).
Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act
2012, diakses dalam http://www.gov.scot/Topics/archive/law-
order/sectarianism-action-1/football-violence/bill (23/11/2016, 23:00 WIB).
Old Firm clash songs: What Celtic and Rangers fans are banned from singing -
and what's allowed, diakses dalam
http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/old-firm-clash-songs-
what-5060640 (17/10/2016, 08:21 WIB).
Old Firm Derby: Pelampiasan Kebencian Dua Keyakinan, diakses melalui
http://panditfootball.com/cerita/old-firm-derby-pelampiasan-kebencian-dua-
keyakinan/ (13/04/2015, 11.15 WIB).
'Old Firm' faultline is once again a political football, diakses dalam
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-12664550
(19/10/2016, 16:21 WIB).
Old Firm match is a blast from the past for a post-referendum Scotland, diakses
dalam http://theconversation.com/old-firm-match-is-a-blast-from-the-past-
for-a-post-referendum-scotland-36863 (21/10/2016, 21:16 WIB).
Old Firm united as both Celtic and Rangers supporters back a Yes vote for
referendum, poll reveals, diakses dalam
http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/politics/old-firm-united-both-celtic-
3598872 (20/10/2016, 00:14 WIB).
Pengertian Ofensif,diakses dalam http://kbbi.web.id/ofensif (03/09/2016, 21:10
WIB).
Personal Experiences of Religious Discrimination or Exclusion, diakses melalui
http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2015/02/5330/9 (31/07/2016, 23:00 WIB).
Peta Skotlandia, diakses dalam
https://www.google.co.id/maps/place/Skotlandia,+Kerajaan+Inggris/@54.7
151879,-
5.1931664,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x4861e2c403f2a19f:0xe7c1fad809c3071
4!8m2!3d56.4906712!4d-4.2026458 (02/09/2016, 16:45 WIB).
Police: Rangers Fans Can Sing The Sash, diakses melalui
http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13033801.Police__Rangers_fans_can
_sing_The_Sash/ (04/01/2017, 17:00 WIB).
Rangers fan jailed for killing Celtic fan hours after Old Firm match, diakses
dalam http://news.stv.tv/west-central/124666-rangers-fan-jailed-for-killing-
celtic-fan-hours-after-old-firm-match/ (23/11/2016, 23:45 WIB).
Rangers FC, diakses dalam
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Rangers%20FC
(02/11/2016, 10:16 WIB).
Rangers make history out of chaos, dialses dalam
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/football/scottish_premier/334094.stm
(09/02/2017, 07:55 WIB).
Rangers star El Hadji Diouf: Celtic boss Neil Lennon is no racist, diakses melalui
http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/rangers-star-el-hadji-
diouf-1096824 (09/01/2017, 09:15 WIB).
Rangers to face Parkhead chanting probe after weekend Old Firm clash, diakses
dalam http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1147320/Rangers-
face-Parkhead-chanting-probe-weekend-Old-Firm-clash.html (17/10/2016,
10:32 WIB).
Referendum Skotlandia dan Separatisme di Eropa, diakses melalui
http://indonesian.irib.ir/ranah/telisik/item/86565-referendum-skotlandia-
dan-separatisme-di-eropa (21/06/2016, 05:55 WIB).
Rev. hits out at Old Firm ‘songs of hate hypocrites’, diakses dalam
www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/rev-hits-out-old-firm-2620790
(04/01/2017, 17:00 WIB).
Rivalitas Rangers-Celtics yang Melegenda, Mulai Politik Sampai Agama, diakses
melalui http://jogja.tribunnews.com/2015/02/04/rivalitas-rangers-celtics-
yang-melegenda (05/06/2016, 19:30 WIB).
Rizal Panggabean , Media Massa dan Peliputan Konflik Sektarian, diakses dalam
http://mprk.ugm.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Analisis-Juni-2014.pdf.
(06/09/2016, 21:30 WIB).
Row over religious crime figures, diakses dalam
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/6187826.stm (16/10/2016,
22:33 WIB).
Sadness and pride: Family’s grief over slain Mark, diakses dalam
https://www.thesun.co.uk/archives/news/219541/sadness-and-pride/
(09/02/2017, 07:00 WIB).
Scottish football 'a cause of sectarianism', diakses melalui
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-31552813 (26/07/2016, 22.00
WIB).
Scottish Social Attitudes Survey 2014: Public Attitudes to Sectarianism in
Scotland, diakses dalam www.gov.scot/Publications/2015/02/5330/9
(02/11/2016, 01:34 WIB).
Sectarianism ‘will not be tolerated’, diakses melalui http://www.hawick-
news.co.uk/news/local-headlines/sectarianism-will-not-be-tolerated-1-
3688839 (09/01/2017, 10:00 WIB).
Sectarianism: Action Plan on Tacking Sectarianism in Scotland, dialses dalam
http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/90629/0021809.pdf (24/01/2017, 19:20
WIB).
Singing the Hokey Cokey could land football fans in sectarian bother, diakses dalam
http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/singing-the-hokey-cokey-
could-land-1002751 (231/03/2017, 20:23 WIB).
SFA could tighten fan regulations against sectarian singing, diakses dalam
http://au.eurosport.com/football/spl/2011-2012/sfa-could-tighten-fan-regulations-
against-sectarian-singing_sto4618280/story.shtml (17/10/2016, 09:10 WIB).
SFA could tighten fan regulations against sectarian singing, diakses dalam
http://www.eurosport.com/football/spl/2011-2012/sfa-could-tighten-fan-
regulations-against-sectarian-singing_sto4618280/story.shtml (24/01/2017,
19:45 WIB).
Teenage football fan stands up to Scotland's sectarian thugs, diakses dalam
https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/nov/20/teenage-football-fan-
sectarian-violence (16/11/2016, 18:35 WIB).
Ten-year-old boy hit with bottle in Old Firm violence, diakses dalam
http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/556026/Boy-10-hit-with-bottle-in-Old-
Firm-violence (26/10/2016, 23:29 WIB).
Terlalu Banyak Dimensi Terlibat, diakses dalam
http://ftp.unpad.ac.id/koran/mediaindonesia/2010-08-
10/mediaindonesia_2010-08-10_028.pdf (31/03/2017, 14:31 WIB).
The 2010-11 Scottish Football Season and its effect on political attitudes towards
sectarianism in Scotland, diakses dalam
http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/24219/1/May-A-24219.pdf (09/01/2017, 09:55
WIB).
The explosive truth of Old Firm madness, diakses dalam
http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/the-explosive-truth-of-old-firm-madness-
1.579665 (03/09/2016, 23:30 WIB).
The Founding of Celtic Football Club 1888, diakses dalam
http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0003/
(24/09/2016, 02:32).
The Hokey Cokey as a hate crime, diakses dalam
http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=962 (31/03/2017, 20:40 WIB).
The Hooligans’ Deathlist: A globalsearch for accountability between accidents
and intensitions, diakses melalui http://idrottsforum.org/alsio130118/
(30/03/2016, 19:16 WIB).
The Official History of Celtic Football Club, diakses dalam
http://www.celticfc.net/news/5421?item=5421 (24/09/20176, 00:02 WIB).
The Old Firm Derby – Arivaly Built On Religion, diakses dalam
https://sporquo.com/2016/09/10/the-old-firm-a-rivalry-built-on-religion/
(09/02/2017, 07:10 WIB).
The Old Firm Obsession, diakses dalam http://www.scotzine.com/2010/11/the-
old-firm-obsession/ (09/02/2017, 08:00 WIB).
The Old Firm: Scotland’s Claim to Football Fame, diakses melalui
https://sites.duke.edu/wcwp/research-projects/scotland/the-old-firm-
scotlands-claim-to-football-fame/ (22/07/2016, 22:15 WIB).
The on-field history of Rangers Football Club 1873-2012, diakses dalam
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-15307021
(01/09/2016, 11:00 WIB).
The Prevention of Football Hooliganism: A Transnational Perspective, diakses
dalam http://www.cafyd.com/HistDeporte/htm/pdf/4-16.pdf (02/11/2016,
03:05 WIB).
The Rangers Support, diakses dalam http://rangers.co.uk/wp/wp-
content/uploads/2015/10/The-Rangers-Support-Proposal.pdf (02/11/2016,
01:03 WIB).
The Scottish Play: Celtic vs. Rangers, and what happens when a sports rivalry
gets completely out of hand, diakses dalam
http://www.slate.com/articles/sports/sports_nut/2011/03/the_scottish_play.h
tml (16/11/2016, 18:00 WIB).
Thousands pay tribute to victims of Ibrox disaster, diakses dalam
http://www.telegraph.co.7uk/news/uknews/1312971/Thousands-pay-tribute-
to-victims-of-Ibrox-disaster.html (06/10/2016, 01:32 WIB).
Tumbangnya Glasgow Rangers Si Penguasa Skotlandia, diakses dalam
http://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20150121072753-142-
26127/tumbangnya-glasgow-rangers-si-penguasa-skotlandia/ (03/09/2016,
22:00 WIB).
What is sectarianism, diakses melalui http://www.youthworkessentials.org/stand-
up-to-sectarianism/what-is-sectarianism.aspx (26/07/2016, 20.25 WIB).
Where’s Poor Paddy? The Contrasting Results of Irish Migration to Glasgow
and Liverpool, 1790-1850, diakses dalam
http://www.uoguelph.ca/~sday/pdfs/Irish.pdf (22/09/2016, 01:30 WIB).
You bottled it ref! Celtic boss Neil Lennon furious at Willie Collum as decisions
go against Bhoys, diakses melalui
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1323414/You-bottled-ref-
Celtic-boss-Neil-Lennon-furious-Willie-Collum-decisions-Bhoys.html
(31/07/2016, 19:30 WIB).
Sumber Skripsi:
Falakhi, Agus Bakhron (1994) Ssosialisme Religius Di Masa Orde Baru, Skripsi.
Surabaya: Ilmu Ushuluddin, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Mufti Rizky Ramdhani Besa, 2016, Pengaruh Hooliganisme Terhadap Gaya
Hidup Suporter Sepak Bola Indonesia, Skripsi, Bandung: Jurusan Hubungan
Internasioal, Universitas Pasundan Bandung
Susy Setiawati Gusnawan, 2012, Dampak Reformasi Gereja Terhadap Kehidupan
Sosial dan Agama Masyarakat Inggris Pada Masa Pemerintahan Ratu
Elizabeth I: 1558-1603, Skripsi. Bandung: Pendidikan Sejarah, Universitas
Pendidikan Indonesia
Muarofah, Lailatul, 2014, Konflik dalam Lembaga Pendidikan : Studi Konflik
antara Dua Pengelola Madrasah di Desa Pesanggrahan Kecamatan Laren
Kabupaten Lamongan, Undergraduate thesis, Surabaya: Sosiologi, UIN
Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Sumber Film Dokumenter:
Glasgow Colors Glasgow Rangers Vs Celtic FC – Documentary, diakses dalam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxA5K4L45Sg (04/09/2016, 20:10
WIB).