• New regulations require diesel trucks and buses that operate in California to be upgraded to reduce emissions.
• Newer heavier trucks and buses must meet PM filter requirements beginning January 1, 2012.
• Lighter and older heavier trucks must be replaced starting January 1, 2015. By January 1, 2023, nearly all trucks and buses will need to have 2010 model year engines or equivalent.
2012 - EPA exempted emergency vehicles from certain requirements relating to DPF systems. This allows no loss of power, or power disruption due to regeneration needs.
Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration Process
See video posted to Blackboard to review the filter regeneration process.
• Wall-flow diesel particulate filters (DPF) usually remove 85% or more of the soot, and under certain conditions can attain soot removal efficiencies approaching 100%.
• Regeneration systems are designed to burn off the accumulated particulate either passively through the use of a catalyst or by active means such as a fuel burner which heats the filter to soot combustion temperatures.
This is accomplished by engine programming to run (when the filter is full) in a manner that elevates exhaust temperature in conjunction with an extra fuel injector in the exhaust stream that injects fuel to react with a catalyst element to burn off accumulated soot and convert it to ash where it is stored in the DPF filter, or through other methods. This is known as "filter regeneration".
DPF Regeneration Modes Passive:
• naturally occurs when duty cycle (normal driving) provides heat
• Any activity where exhaust heat increases above 572º F (mobile)
• Normally occurs when engine is over 50% load
Active: • Engine Control Module (ECM) modifies engine
exhaust temperature by dosing diesel fuel • Mobile (automatic) • Manual (operator initiated)
Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration System Terms
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF): Exhaust filter where soot is accumulated. Diesel Exhaust Fluid/Urea (DEF): Additive injected into the exhaust system. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR): Catalyst that mixes the soot with the DEF to burn off.
Use left-side steering wheel buttons to scroll up and down through the menu screen on the dashboard to Vehicle Info.
Use steering wheel buttons to scroll to the right. Dashboard display has fluid level indicators. Scroll up and down to find this DEF Fluid Level screen.
When DEF fluid levels drop below 60% on Dodge Squads, an entire 2 ½ gallon bottle of DEF can be added.
The DEF level on KME Engines and Quints can be found on the fuel gauge, below the needle.
DEF fluid reservoir = 5 gallons.
DEF fluid begins to degrade and crystallize once a bottle is open. Utilizing an entire bottle is strongly encouraged.
KME Regen Request & Regen Inhibit Switches
The Regen Request and Regen Inhibit switched are located behind the steering column near the floorboard on all 2012 & up engines & quints.
Regen Request (switch on left) allows you to manually start an Exhaust Regeneration. (Momentary switch, hold to engage) Regen Inhibit (switch on right) allows you to cancel or stop an Exhaust Regeneration. (2 way switch)
The DPF regeneration process uses heat to burn off soot. This may be un-desirable in certain situations.
Engine or Quint attached to diesel exhaust systems. High temperatures could damage or melt exhaust hoses.
Automatic Inhibit
The DPF regeneration process is automatically disabled when engines or quints are in pump (main & road) or when ladder power is engaged on quints.
KME Regen Request & Regen Inhibit Switches
If DPF regeneration has been inhibited manually, be sure to return the switch to it’s normal position when appropriate.
High Exhaust System Temperature (HEST) Lamp Indicates an active regeneration is underway
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Lamp Indicates need for assistance in achieving
regeneration
Check Engine Lamp Indicates normal operation no longer possible, service required
Stop Engine Lamp Indicates that system damage has
occurred or is imminent, the engine should be stopped as soon as practical
Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration High Exhaust Lamp • Turns on: at the first onset of Active Regen (catalyst
warmup) • Turns off: after Active Regen has ended; and
temperature has dropped to normal levels
DPF Lamp • Turns on (Solid): Based on soot level and to notify
operator that a Regen is needed • Lamp Flashes: At higher soot levels • Turns off:
– During Passive Regen when conditions support – During Active Regen:
• When ECM Regen is initiated; or • When Manual Regen is initiated
Auto Low Medium High Extreme
Situation Normal Operation •Passive or Filling •Active Regen Not Needed
Action Required None
Empty
Increasing Soot Load
Soot Level w/ corresponding Dash Lights HEST Lamp DPF Lamp Check Engine Stop Engine
Auto Low Medium High Extreme
Situation Normal Operation •Passive or Filling •Active Regen Not Needed •Manual Regen Available
Action Required None
Empty
Increasing Soot Load
Soot Level w/ corresponding Dash Lights HEST Lamp DPF Lamp Check Engine Stop Engine
Auto Low Medium High Extreme
Situation Normal Operation •Conditions now permit an Active Regen
•Active Regen Underway
Action Required None
Empty
Increasing Soot Load
Soot Level w/ corresponding Dash Lights HEST Lamp DPF Lamp Check Engine Stop Engine
Auto Low Medium High Extreme
Situation Regen needed (low) •Active Regen As Conditions Permit
•Manual Regen Available
Action Required • Ensure Regen Inhibit Switch is off • Alter “duty cycle” (highway
driving) for 20 minutes or • Perform parked regeneration
Empty
Increasing Soot Load
Soot Level w/ corresponding Dash Lights HEST Lamp DPF Lamp Check Engine Stop Engine
Auto Low Medium High Extreme
Situation Regen needed (medium) •Active Regen As Conditions Permit
•Manual Regen Available
Action Required • Ensure Regen Inhibit Switch is
off • Alter “duty cycle” (highway
driving) for 20 minutes or • Perform parked regeneration
Empty
Increasing Soot Load
Soot Level w/ corresponding Dash Lights HEST Lamp DPF Lamp Check Engine Stop Engine
FLASHING
Auto Low Medium High Extreme
Situation Regen needed (high) •Active regen as conditions permit
•Manual regen available
Immediate action required • Ensure regen inhibit switch
is off • Immediately perform parked
regeneration (See video)
Empty
Increasing Soot Load
Soot Level w/ corresponding Dash Lights HEST Lamp DPF Lamp Check Engine Stop Engine
FLASHING
Auto Low Medium High Extreme
Situation Regen needed (extreme) •Mobile Active Regen Disabled
•Manual Regen Available
Immediate action required • Stop engine when safe to do
so • Engine will not re-start and will
require service (contact area/duty mechanic)
Empty
Increasing Soot Load
Soot Level w/ corresponding Dash Lights HEST Lamp DPF Lamp Check Engine Stop Engine
FLASHING
Auto Low Medium High Extreme
Situation Regen needed (extreme) •Mobile Active Regen Disabled
•Manual Regen Available
Immediate action required • Stop engine when safe to do
so • Engine will not re-start and will
require service (contact area/duty mechanic)
Empty
Increasing Soot Load
Soot Level w/ corresponding Dash Lights HEST Lamp DPF Lamp Check Engine Stop Engine
FLASHING
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