ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 3884 (6): 561–566
www.mapress.com/zootaxa/Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3884.6.4
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CD850912-8B81-4E72-9A53-55DE44D4009B
Description and DNA barcoding of Ochetostethomorpha secunda,
a new species of the South African endemic burrower bug genus
(Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Namibia
JERZY A. LIS1,4, BARBARA LIS1, DARIUSZ J. ZIAJA1 & ROLAND DOBOSZ 2,3
1Department of Biosystematics, Opole University, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland2Natural History Department, Upper Silesian Museum, Jana III Sobieskiego 2, 41-902 Bytom, Poland3University of Silesia, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Zoology, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice,
Poland4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Ochetostethomorpha secunda sp. nov. from Namibia, the second species of the South African endemic genus is described,
illustrated, and compared with O. nollothensis Schumacher, 1913. The new species is the third of the subfamily Sehirinae
known from Namibia. Moreover, a DNA barcode sequence was generated for this new species (827 bp of cytochrome
oxidase I) and was deposited in GenBank.
Key words: Sehirinae, Ochetostethomorpha, taxonomy, endemic genus, Mopane savanna, Namibia, DNA barcode
Introduction
Thirteen species of the family Cydnidae (sensu Pluot-Sigwalt and Lis 2008) have been recorded from Namibia
(Hesse 1925; Linnavuori 1993; Lis 1999, 2000, 2011; Robertson 2009; Lis and Ziaja 2014), including a single
species of the subfamily Amaurocorinae, i.e., Angra ciliata Schumacher; two species of the subfamily
Cephalocteinae, i.e., Cephalocteus punctipennis Stål and Heissocteus ernstii J.A. Lis; nine species of the subfamily
Cydninae, i.e., Aethus hirsutus (Hesse), A. perosus Stål, Fromundus difficilis (Stål), Geocnethus plagiatus
(Signoret), Lactistes falcipes Hesse, Macroscytus brunneus (Fabricius), M. reflexus Signoret, Microporus
lautipennis (Stål), M. pallidipennis (Reuter); and a single Sehirinae species, i.e., Legnotus melaleucus (Thunberg).
The genus Ochetostethomorpha was described for a single species new to the science, i.e., O. nollothensis from
Port Nolloth, Namaqualand in the Republic of South Africa (Schumacher 1913). A redescription of this genus and
species (based on the six originally collected specimens), as well as the lectotype designation was provided by
Linnavuori (1993). Subsequently, this species were reported also from Chad (Lis 1996) based on three females
collected during the French Chari-Lac Tchad 1902–1904 expedition. No other specimens of this genus have been
reported since that time.
In its crucial generic characters, i.e., evaporatoria (Linnavuori 1993), metathoracic wing venation (Lis and
Heyna 2001), cephalic chaetotaxy (Lis and Pluot-Sigwalt 20002), trichobothrial pattern (Lis and Hohol-
Kilinkiewicz 2002), as well as tibial and coxal combs (Lis and Schaefer 2005; Lis 2010), the genus
Ochetostethomorpha is very similar to species of the genus Ochetostethus Fieber, 1860.
However, both genera are easily separable by the shape of the prosternal carinae
(Ochetostethomorpha—prosternal carinae high, ending posteriorly in a horn-like process, Fig. 1a;
Ochetostethus—prosternal carinae narrow, posteriorly rounded, Fig. 1b).
During field studies carried out by the fourth author (RD) in Ovamboland (Namibia), two male specimens of
the genus Ochetostethomorpha were collected; they appeared to represent a new species of this endemic genus.
Accepted by D. Rider: 24 Oct. 2014; published: 19 Nov. 2014 561
Material and methods
Collecting site. Both specimens of a new species were collected in the Ogongo Campus (the Ogongo Agricultural
Campus), which accommodates the Crop Science Department of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
and is the largest campus (ca. 4 000 hectares) within the University of Namibia (UNAM). It is situated about 60 km
west of Oshakati in the Oshana Region, and includes accommodation sites, fields and experimental cultivations, a
farm and a large game reserve (the Ogongo game park, a protected area without human habitation, ca. 2 500
hectares). The most prevailing type of woodsy vegetation in the study area is the Mopane Savanna with Mopane
trees Colophospermum mopane (Kirk ex Benth.) Kirk ex. J. Léonard (Okitsu 2005; Mapaure and Ndeinoma 2011).
The specimens were collected from the area adjacent to the UNAM staff accommodation sites (Figs. 3–4) covered
mainly with Mopane trees (Colophospermum mopane), Leadwood trees (Combretum imberbe Wawra), and
different Accacia species (i.e., A. erioloba (E. Mey.) P.J.H. Hurte, A. hebeclada D.C., and other Accacia spp.); they
were sifted from the litter samples taken from under a Leadwood tree (C. imberbe) (Fig. 4).
DNA barcoding procedure. Genomic DNA was isolated from tissues rich in mitochondria; a leg from the
holotype specimen, and thoracic muscles of the paratype were utilized for DNA extraction using the Extractive
DNA Tissue Kit (Blirt, DNA Gdańsk) according to the manufacturer’s procedure (as recommended for DNA
isolation from insect tissue).
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to amplify the target fragment of the cytochrome oxidase
subunit I (COI) gene using the following primers: reverse primer TL2-N-3014 (Simon et al. 1994, 2006) and
forward primer C1-J-2183 (Damgaard et al. 2000). PCRs were performed in 25-μl reaction volumes containing 1
μl of DNA, 1x reaction buffer (Novazym), 0.5 μM of each primer (GENOMED) and 200 μM of dNTP mix (DNA
Gdańsk). Reactions were incubated in an Eppendorf Master Thermocycler. After a “hot start” step with 2 min of
initial denaturation at 93 ºC, the reaction was paused and 0.02 U/μl of HiFi Taq DNA Polymerase was added, run
for 38 cycles consisting of a 1 min denaturation at 95 ºC, 1 min annealing at 48 ºC and a 45 s extension at 72 ºC,
with an initial denaturation step of 95 ºC for 2 min and a final extension step of 72 ºC for 5 min.
Amplicons were electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel. The positive samples (~850 bp) were purified by using
the ExoSAP-IT for PCR clean-up (Affymetrix). All analyses were performed at the Center for Biodiversity Studies,
Department of Biosystematics, Opole University; purified products were sequenced in the Health Care Center
GENOMED, Warsaw, Poland.
In order to ensure that our results were not a contaminant, the resultant sequences were verified using a
BLAST search (in GenBank); they showed a high similarity to the sequences of other pentatomoidean species.
Both sequences were identical along the length of the 827 bp; they differed only at the nucleotide position 52 (A in
the holotype sequence, C in the paratype sequence). Both these 827-bp long sequences were deposited in GenBank.
Results
Ochetostethomorpha secunda J.A. Lis & B. Lis, new species
(Figs. 1a, 2b, 5a, 6a, 7a)
Diagnosis. The two specimens of the new species differ morphologically from those of O. nollothensis by their
different body sizes (body length/width ratio about 1.6–1.7 in O. secunda, about 1.9 in O. nollothensis; pronotum
width/length ratio about 1.95 in O. secunda, about 2.14 in O. nollothensis), their ocular index (2.0 in O. secunda,
2.13–2.25 in O. nollothensis), and the shape of the membrane (margins distinctly narrowing in O.
nollothensis—Fig. 2a; margins broadly rounded in O. secunda—Fig. 2b).
Because both species are known only from a limited number of specimens, their morphological variability has
not been characterized. Therefore, as usual for Cydnidae, the most reliable characters separating both species are
those relating to male genital structures.
These two species differ by the shape of the genital capsule (O. nollothensis—Fig. 5b, O. secunda—Fig. 5a;
dorsal view), the shape of the paramere (sensory lobe apically broadly rounded in O. nollothensis—Fig. 6b,
apically narrowed in O. secunda—Fig. 6a; hypophysis digitate, almost straight in O. nollothensis—Fig. 6b, claw-
like, apically recurved in O. secunda—Fig. 6a), the shape of the conjunctival appendages of aedeagus (first
LIS ET AL.562 · Zootaxa 3884 (6) © 2014 Magnolia Press
conjunctival appendage in O. nollothensis—Fig. 7b, in O. secunda—Fig. 7a; second conjunctival appendage
apically sharpened in O. nollothensis—Fig. 7b, apically with two distinct teeth in O. secunda—Fig. 7a).
Description. Body almost black with blackish brown tinge (Fig. 2b); lateral parts of its dorsal surface, the
antennae and tarsi brown. Head 1.19 times as broad as long, its dorsal surface densely punctured; paraclypei
distinctly longer than clypeus and joined in front of it; rostrum short, reaching the prosternum, lying in a deep
sulcus between prosternal carinae; eyes blackish brown with reddish tinge, ocular index 2.0; ocelli very small,
almost indistinct, reddish brown; antennae five-segmented, 3rd segment 1.43 times longer than the 2nd. Pronotum
1.95 times as broad as long, puncturation and sculpture of its dorsal surface as in O. nollothensis, but transverse and
longitudinal depressions slightly deeper than those of the preceding species; callal area slightly elevated. Scutellum
1.2 times as long as broad; its sculpture and puncturation as in O. nollothensis. Mesocorium with ovate ochraceous
spot; membrane whitish with pale brown marks, veins blackish brown, distinctly visible. Legs blackish brown, tarsi
brown. Male genitalia: paramere with apically narrowed sensory lobe and claw-like, apically recurved, broadened
basally hypophysis (Fig. 6a); first conjunctival appendage of aedeagus almost the same width along its entire
length (Fig. 7a), the second conjunctival appendage of aedeagus with two distinct teeth apically (Fig. 7a); shape of
the genital capsule as in Fig. 5a.
FIGURES 1–4. 1. Prosternal carinae in lateral view; 1a. Ochetostethomorpha secunda, a horn-like process indicated by the
arrow; 1b. Ochetostethus opacus (Scholtz), posterior margin without a horn-like process indicated by the arrow. 2. general
habitus in dorsal view; 2a, Ochetostethomorpha nollothensis, lectotype male, RSA; 2b, O. secunda, holotype male, Namibia;
2c, Ochetostethomorpha female, Chad. 3. Collecting site in the Ogongo Agricultural Campus, in the area adjacent to the
UNAM staff accommodation sites. 4. Litter samples taken from under of a Leadwood tree (C. imberbe) by RD. Photographs
1a-b and 2a-b by B. Lis, the photograph 2c by M. A. Mazur, photographs 3-4 by R. Dobosz.
Zootaxa 3884 (6) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 563OCHETOSTETHOMORPHA SECUNDA N. SP. FROM NAMIBIA
FIGURES 5–7. Male genitalia. 5a, 6a, 7a, Ochetostethomorpha secunda; 5b, 6b, 7b, O. nollothensis; 5a–b, genital capsule,
dorsal view, arrows show different shape of the outer margin; 6a–b, left paramere, ventral view; 7a–b, conjunctival appendages
of aedeagus (first appendage, at the top; second appendage, at the bottom), arrows show different shapes of their apical parts.
Photographs by B. Lis.
Measurements (in mm). Body length 3.35; body width 2.00; head length 0.76; head width 0.90; pronotum
length 1.00; pronotum width 1.95; scutellum length 1.40; scutellum width 1.18; antennal segments (I–V): 0.16:
0.14: 0.20: 0.24: 0.32.
Material examined. Holotype male: Namibia, Ovamboland, Ogongo Campus, 17o 40' 35.6'' S, 15o 17' 33.6'' E,
29.i.2012, 1100 m, savanna: trees, shrubs, herbaceous vegetation; sifting, leg. R. Dobosz & G. Kopij (in the
collection of the Natural History Department, Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom, Poland); Paratype male: the same
data as the holotype (in the collection of the Department of Biosystematics, Opole University, Opole, Poland).
Etymology. The name is given to show it is the second species of the genus.
GenBank accession numbers. KJ830720 (for the holotype sequence); KJ830721 (for the paratype sequence).
Distribution. Namibia, Chad? (see the notes below).
Ochetostethomorpha nollothensis Schumacher 1913
(Figs. 2a, 5b, 6b, 7b)
Type material examined. Three paralectotypes (two males, one female): South Africa, Klein-Namaraland, Porth
Nolloth; IV. 1905, L. Schulze (housed in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany).
Distribution. Republic of South Africa.
Notes on the specimens collected in Chad. Three females representing the genus Ochetostethomorpha,
LIS ET AL.564 · Zootaxa 3884 (6) © 2014 Magnolia Press
collected during the French Chari-Lac Tchad 1902-1904 expedition and housed at the Muséum national d'Histoire
naturelle in Paris, were identified by Lis (1996) as O. nollothensis. We had a chance to verify whether they actually
represent the type species of the genus; yet, they appeared to be more similar to O. secunda than to O. nollothensis
(Fig. 2c). However, because males are required for the proper species identification in this genus, and these females
also might represent the other unknown species, we decided not to include the females from Chad into the type-
series of the newly described species.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr. Jürgen Deckert (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany) for sending us three
paralectotypes of O. nollothensis for personal examination, and to Drs. Eric Guilbert (Muséum national d'Histoire
naturelle, Paris, France) and Miłosz A. Mazur (Department of Biosystematics, Opole University, Opole, Poland)
for their help in solving the problem of the identity of the Ochetostethomorpha specimens collected in Chad.
Moreover, the fourth author (RD) wishes to thank Dr. Grzegorz Kopij (Department of Integrated Environment
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia) for his help and hospitality during
a stay in Namibia. The study was supported by the Opole University Grant No. 1/KBI/13-S.
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