4_jjaS| 4_aUaSl 4JjA<s
905&ja/J-LM jlaJt
2010 JjVt 03^
hjpu* liak luiljJ jjjSj
aUSn J 4_ji2jJl ^uiS
*Lui(jJj 4_aJMa ljIjaiS^j j^aaj
(4Jj£j £pbLa ^bLal ^a jluil <—i£ljla)
AJajji. (jluta. Aaa^
</J JJ^'
Aj\* a\1 ~ 1a 1 L ' ^ thttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy1
Ajj^JI AjjIII 43LUI AliA
CjIjaiSjj j^aaj
|4JjSj £pbLa ^bLal jluil <—i£ljla)
i * II (jLm^ -Ua-o
5 CjIjaiSjaSI (jS 4-alCr 4-ajla : JjVI (J-uiill
5 ............................................................................... 4-6 JAa-1
6 .......................................................................... 4jjAijjal1 CiL£ljlaJl—2
7 ............................................... uluaajl Cjl^Aijjj-3
8 ..................................................................... jluil ^jail-4
5 ............................. <J CiMs# cWI
16............................................................................................&[>*&
18......................................
20......................................................gitufl l£0 J*aifl
20...............................................................4j3ujJjJ1
20......................................... (jaiUaj^i ±lu&\—
22......................................... ^>aLuaj]l JauiSI—
24....................................................
26...................................................
28 ..........................................................4/nK,^
29 .................................................... (jahjL—
a^\* a\1 ~ 1a 11http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy2
Ajj^JI Ajjill A31UI AiiA
irn^ iFri> ir^ri^e
As • S33E • os iuis J3 Ajas//: duqvytr' ^ ir^'T
rrS’(fr)................................................................................... 9P
\ rr^(e)............................................................................ zt
irrS’(z)............................................................................ 6£
irrS’(i)............................................................................. se
-ir^T^F0................................................................ t7£
........................................................................... le
j^aaj
(ALSj ^pljLa ^bLal jluil i—iSljla)
i y * II ^j-£j (jLm^ -Ua-o
uJt** Mutlff£a jMjuf <_> £jjf JaxJI Aid ijj*.
. l1jLi£JjjaI! ajgJ 4-1jLuli£J! ^LuLuJIj 4_i£jjl£-uJij ^{.‘r- A ■ »y/ ^, -I A.-V tl i "i.^i ) . W /mV
(£■ LzJj 4-lLuJI 4jlJu3U ^C-Lujjyi £jjJlII ^3 lIiLSJjjaJI (_JLaxluil ij&y 4-tf (jjjjj
aJa ij^A-a L-i±f ^JtjJLj •ioJiioui// 4jtjjiyi ii'LLJ tj&j lg_u£jj <£Li/ (j&ajj
urt# ££)■£
http://serversmiso.aecs.sy cjLjkJl ^ i_ul« ajjMI <ua
4
Preparation of polymers suitable for radiation shielding and studying its properties
(polyester composite with heavy metals salts)(4JjSj jluit i—iSlj2a)
M.H. Kharita, Z. Al-Ajji, S. Yousef
Abstract
Four composites were prepared in this work, based on polyester and heavy metals oxides and salts. The attenuation properties, as well as mechanical properties were studied, and the chemical stability was evaluated.
It has been shown, that these composites can be used in radiation shielding for X-rays successfully, and the exact composition of these composites can be optimized according to the radiation energy to prepare the lightest possible shield.
KeywordsPolymers, Radiation shielding, X-ray, Polyester
djLya I i ' 'S thttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy5
AjjIII 45LUI AjjA
4-alc- Ua-iLa : JjVI
:<LdLa .1
AiJy>a oALa Ajtl ^)><ijj^lll dljxJ II ^^sJlj c A jxj 1 All dlljlxJI t_Aiill ^jx> Aj^ajJ^llI Alkali ^Id
^1 4 g il jag^II dlA^jJI ^j-'6 jAAc- l_aJllll djdaC- V jl UjdaC- t jj^A (^JJ^^. j g dlA dlLlJ^^,
4 IQ iijgLill 5, UajAlJ ^gJjjjl AldVl dl^X_lJ . 4 \ j<\ ^ II dlA^jJI ^c. Ju .4jjl jad ^ II ^JC-
:<jL jxu^JI International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry-IUP AC <d2ljjlAxJJ 1 g dx J £_^a 4 Al'l^a dljA-11 1 4^C^A"% A jl OjA_l AAxdJI _jldj dLllj^. j^yc, idllZl oALa
dljA-ll 4 a-\ ^ ^1 dl^XJI /j_xi ^li—L-isa AAe. I_flA^. jl AALdal AIc- » AAajl dl& ^j_lxXl V t-“A ^ 1 J J VA
c^aJIj Oligomer ^.dt-h/Li ojj-Adll dlAa.^11 ^jx j.ix ^ aac. Jc. ajjL^JI dliiy^-ll a3 .pjj^Ldl
oA_L=L^]l j_a monomer ^i-aj-j^-dl .4da 3jj Ad II caIa^^JI % j *, d ^ jl AALdaL 4 x^l^k j
^Aj toj^lxJI ^.|^.Vl AjLijcaVLi 4 ^Kj • Ad ^ajj^ill ^daJ ^aIIj ^ajj^dl ^jxda qjjAdll
.dliiy^JI ^jill Ia^J 1832 ^Ic. ^aj^JI ^Jl*JI tBrazelius ckjAO-L^ c^aJI ^VlSaLc-j (_^jdl ^Jjusald £-x i(_£jdaC- .^-uiLuil (_£jA3 Aj^aC- dll A 4 Lad ♦ tUI d^a2j_lll ^ Ax A
•uA>db Auf^b u^-jj^'j ok^^'j u£?ujd' Cu^
l ^gjl Ig dad C—Lm^ dj^ajj^dl a Q.i i&di
. jjl.il.i.till tdlilJjjlJI tf,Luilll t ^jj^JI t djj-aJI 14 i%.ii All ^A&xill (^La 14.ix.iiA •
A^UI (JjA*j ^jjAl Lie.Ida A<allj 4 i» uAll d|^ajJ^lll ^Aj t4^ic.Lda L •
♦(aU^^ cA uAjJf) uAj^'j (jlijUJI tUxdjjl
4.1 Aq ill Ac-LdaJI ^jjjAx^a^a ^a ^jIj (^Aj A_LaA I ^j£^l ^Aj !A_ic-LdaJI •
II ^^qII Ae-Ldiaj
dl^adl^Jj .Aaj^jj^ L^j3 4 lud^l AUiUJI tUj-Aac. d|^ajJ^j (^JI dljj^ajJjjll c qiA^jdaJ La£
• S-S-S-S dljJ^A^jlj Si-O-Si-O dK.il.ndl£ 4djjj£ jd. 4 iJ.d_)ll L^lLaiLai AjjdaeV
4^ix-uii<a jl 4 1A-L dijj^ajjjj ^Jl diLu^^J A lAAdll U^yLuill iII 2^dll (3^J Idajl tdl^all^lll L ad^aJ
-4 VA ^i*n j| 4^iAda ^l 4 i j|
l t.^4 ojjlda tojjlda d|^ajJ^J ^Jl UjjAiII AddJI (ddjjj 1a3j l qu^‘^ ^j| ^jdaJ La£
•W-^j j=^^' «t>Ab Ad "d' t> 0^ ud ‘d- iud
z^gjl Ajjljjjall la3j ‘"'jj^jb:'1 l *
http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy6
djL>a I ^jaj i ^ AjjIII 451UI AliA
iJKqVi (Jj SjljaJL V (_5ijl t_s&j :thermoset eal^yl^j •
sjIc.1 JhJljj SjljaJL ^jAhj :thermoplast a-jaILs eal^yl^j •.1^5
.3ijikJI JalkJI ^Ijji : elastomers ^IaIII •
ioj^^aaII 3Ajx^JI ^3 4_iuu<a Aiylaj A^Sk^l ta3j 4_i*juj^]1 AA^vU'lxJl AjAxJI dil^yl^il] AsljJj
i dil^xyj^ijl dLyUlc. ^Al
‘(oAi^') ^ (J_^b ‘PVC ajIjjK Jjjji JjJlj tPP uyhjjj JjJlj tPE uylyl <^j^'. JjJlj tPS JjJlj ‘ejyjjjjS
:(composite) cjLSljlall .2
aLu! iAjIa V jl Ajj>>ic. diliLiJaJ ^-o gjj^i jA (composite) i—i£ljfLajl
jl 6 Cy4 * 6 *—^1^-y ^-3 i^diliAj tditiii^. 4_iuu<a (JlXAulj
•>i
^Jixj L_nijjj ^ajj^ill ^3 4-\a,.\a, ^1 L_aUI ^Jc. S^aLulo dbLjaL/l a AA (jl (j^6^
pjjA^qll dUS/l£ (jjn.o0) o^aLulo ^)JC- dbLjaVl (jj^J (jl (j^^J JiIxjI (_J>al£ ^Jc- ■ V1 a) ^JolILq
oJiLcJi jjAks-t ^Ufldjlj <cjj>o c^xJalLa ^)jc- (_^Ll Sfl^juil jl dlmaJI jl (flakes) jl
L HuaJj dlL dl^jJI j)X> ojlc. ^jjSj dU£ljLcJI £ja (^jM) ^lll I La .Aj^xliJjaII
.o^clLuixJI dil^LjaVI dl L diU£ljLcJI j)x> cJjVI ^jill j>x> ^bl (J5I jl^a£
4 Q iQ-Lj ^bVl blllc- 4 y\ \!\'\ 1111 Jll^ci cpl j^jldll l^C-Jul ^illj ^U^jjlxJI dx_nlaJI Jll^xJI j i^lllA
^UaxJlj tig Vi 1 .lajl^l (lignin) jjji»jlllj j^LL. jl dUi 4-^ljLa 3^ -^-L* siAa.II *(jj^l
L_abA^il Lai i^ajJj_uJl£JI dldj3 ^LLal ^a (_^Ll dillpj^Jij (_j:i^.^£jl ^a ,^)xliI^J
. Ig k^x 13 4 Lijijxi A-iuilij| dl)lfl]l £ya db^jj!La ^_g_3 dL^kjJI
(Jx^ab ^Jaxx s" n^s J t ^£1 jl JlLa ^Jj£xiijj£La b)^1 dU£(pxJI C_fljtjj
t^Jjl AjjLuijVI ^-al^JI (jj-uidi a L'lg) db£(p-cJI (_J>a*jxALi .jil^cJI ^-dlj interface
^XlL-UXi ^g-lc. d^xJI oJlLcJI 0 Jllc- . (_^l b^kjju A-m±!lj AjjIj^JIj djLjg^JI ^-sal^dll
^ttll I La .JjVI -laxtijl] ^la!ula£ (Ja*J AjtLa Jj£l oJlLa ^ys> IcjjJ -laJjJ matrix A3^3xxaxJI
Li.ti^jl ^al^L /jj.ays'll ojdxui ^al^L dllL Clll 1J1^> ^1 liLllI oJllc- d£^cJI oJlLall dlj^^>a
. ^4j^3xxaxJI^ j^'i.a^ll
CllLa^Lt^all ^aJa_l L *http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy7
<iJ>uill AjjIII Ailkll AjjA
£ja dlll£j ^A AjjIaII A-ixJlxjl Jll^cJI A^cJall ^Jjl djj^la
.L QjA-% q3jj AitLa caIa ^tot L j OMCsIa^J Is3j AA^uiaxJI oALa ^Jc- Cldc.I ^lj^\ t4bj£^xJ| Al^xJI L
Z ^CuJaJJ CALa^A6^ A jjaU ^ AV 1 £jlA
organic matrix composites (OMCs) caIa caLA>lJ /
metal matrix composite (MMCs) caIa cALSIyL^' /
ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) aAfUf^' AAiji^aJI ca!a caLSjM /
AS^x^axJI CAlA Z Jll^-cJI ^a ^jdilx^a ^g, 1c. A3^3jL*a^oll CAlA
carbon iji^aJI caIa dAb^b polymer matrix composites (PMCs) A'
i>d jAuiJI jjLJI Aiji^aJI jla aIjUI ^LkiSil A .matrix composites (CMCs)jlljUl
z(thermosets) <jWitt ^j1>u3jj .3
1^-llJ C-fll xJoi c ojjar x^ill <JljLfl]| ^a ^cJ^a ^a L—lL-sajJI dl()>ajJ^J
jjc- jiuil AAb epoxy ^ |A &AA q* .ijjqVtl catalyst JA^
(jla U^' uM^4J *^JFJ ^^AVb U%1^ (A^bl"vW \\ i^jjLuijjL) dto^JI Ia_Aj (Jc-lilB A^_nl A(^ajl 6 AA A^j^jJ AlAjl di^ . 1^-L^ujj Ale. CAA^j oj^alill
LlljjJa bjb^. 0 Ale. . 1^-1^. tilL AxJ 1 g IjjxjA ^j^aJ V du^J tSCt(JjAxAj AljxJI AAK filler Al!La oALa ^Ale. ^db^LlA l«agjKl
.2)lfLa t—i^Jjl 'Cijta^a ?r"il>all A jlljjjall j|
A \\j X ±il A^tijla^ilj AsldaVb t Ia±x IjLu LjI^ 4 ilk^aiLajl \b^..b. ^ ^HLaJ
^a ^-ualj ^3 (_fa*-^F dlb>ajJjjjl ^a ^^lJ^ l^A ^jls aAA L_AJjaiJj .6Al"%II
diL^jJ diljt^TjVl a Qjlar'i Aj^A^ CLiIj^A^ (A (34^ab^^ daWnJgLill^Aj daWn^djl a Qjlar'i (Ai iAi AejjJa>all Adjj^JVl dljlAjl
.AjUrtlt CliVqj
A^jjlll S^Lj £-A (jjj ^ ^4U9- JiiSjj Cjllija. JyLi (jl
gCl <Jakj Jj A Wni ^)JC. J^cj (Jj-.MI I^A (jl u_jLJI ^gJI (JjLuijl ^j-0 SjLall (J_jaJjj
gelation ^ V<lt a*j .^jlgjbUI Jj J^y 4-loii!l point
^JS-Jiijl ^Jc- ojjlll Jaajj 1.1-$\ J .:r,]l aK*.',' .'i'\ AjIaj i>b 2 tuTJ.L)^ ^ ^^^ 4j. ni. nV 1
. (Jj£-Udjl (2)^3^ ^Jl ^1^311 ^jli 6 A L.Q1 ^^3
Aj\* a\1 ~ 1a 1 L * ^ thttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy8
AjjIII 431UI AliA
: Polyester j4uA <^4^11 4
j^Luil J^JI ^jJaj . 1847 l$ilASSI <^n!l dlpA]^]! Jjl jdl J^JI q\£jjlxj^\ Jajljj Ed- (_£pj dlisjj^ll AalidcJI (Jl£dS/l (Jp
Waj lg-.aAl ^)Ja]l ^jjCi JJixj ^)>ajJpll ^a ^jlll ICA ^llll ^j£-aJ . Aj.djJI l^jluilui ^3 (-COO-).dUj^Oi II A qL ^a3j (Jjllllllj L_fljl£jJI
g-lLtJ ^jAIj dli Ax-I^ll t^lliA All (_£)jp-ll a_lLal]l dlpJ^ £ya jJ-uil J^JI d
Apyill AijL^ ^jxt Jjdjj cross linking t^LLiojl ^Jl (_£jyi La-a a scLa AsLcaL ^jjjj^jl(JjJatLa ^3 dillJpJI A s^k »■ i^LLuiljl A^xj-lJ A jfLjjl^LaJI ^j!iuil ^jpll ^a(p JaJJjp .Alluajl aJL^JI ^Jl
.djLtil^jL^axiajl tdilj^lj A^uuJ^/l ^3 £-uilj ^g_lc. ^L_ul Jajp. ^ys> A^jp .all A .n'1 VI (_J>a*Xuij
^a A p 1 u ^ ^ Ip I La£ . dlljSU ApL%_xJI A^JiLa^^lj (pllpjl A \ t-><~ jj dLx_iaJlj dJaLr_xJlj (JdjaLlllI^
.(jUVt Vp^lj reinforcements dljLJI dljlLI yldj JlpJI a^Ii^ ^ jiJ ^JjJI(dlsA^alpaJ A^JiLaSl .^.Ic. 11 l o j t^llj Aj L q 11A A^ixlljaJI t-»jj A II ^a ode- jp>x.^1 .^JpJI t-»jj A
.f.jpAVl 'Lajlixij AjtLallj Aa^^l Clip ^ye> A_Jlc.
Liquid crystal aLLulII dfplill dLujLujj ^IsVI^ AjAjixn^qjl ^jjlpJ! Ac. 1 u «--> 1 jpd ^Jp]l
lL*Huij La£ .J>JI Jd|pjj Apdj^l tiLL^VI (Jpj holograms cIxjVI aTDIj jj^ajlj displays
^_L.|jJI ^jlljijlj dlApLnjlj dljlji*ll£ AjVq'llI Ajj.'lA II dlpnxJI \\ finishing f-blL A_aiL£
♦vj'j^'j cclj'pd]
^ purified terephthalic acid (PTA) ^iidl dVtil>njl c> j1^' cJj^ ddiyi j£jJI jdl Jjdl ♦ monoethylene glycol (MEG) JAA u^[^>dl
(_gj1pH]| AjLa*lL-ul _jLum^ L-ilpI sic. u£liAj ^Jjillj ^jilsl ^^Jpll Cxj (j£j\ViII
• 1^-aA I
- A 9 \l ^ 1 AjJj^I j(pjl aJj^ ui
.^pj_ul ^g_lpll uJo^i A^JsaLoJj Aljg ui
^^Jpll jiCd f.tisl AjjjIjJI dlplLajlj Aar u^il Laj^UI AjJjVI cljxJI 1 AdaidLajl A_pudl —
•
.oApJI Adlpi^lj A iAy1 A i^ll 1jA II —
.d(puijl J^JI l&jJ_Cad dUV^ll ^j33 —
dlLa^lsLyal I ^aJa-3 L 11^ ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy9
Asj^uJl Ajjill Ailkll AjiA
(n+1) R(0H)2 + n R%C00H)2 —> HO [ROOCR'COO]nROH + 2nH20
^cliLcJlj i—fl^LkL L qfcVi tdj|_pj_ul ^)la
. cjjllaxill
^\xty\ gjjjsa J>
^aJaJ L ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy10
4jj>u11I 4jjMI Ailkll AjjA
lAA Ja ^ja Uja. (Jsaa tg jls LLaa ^jLuU^I a! a a JajAj ^AC- AjuAiLH ^AA La Ale.
l aL*l» SaIc- ^jjAlJaJI ^jjIaLtJI (__£Aaja IaI t LlxjJjAA Vj^xAa a]J1 A3 ]j ^cjoiil 4 51 L»H aAA ^jl
.a*_aV! (j^ (apron (jjo^ Jalla-JI ^ ^jAa
5. Lila I CLiIaLkij dilALxjlj ^LlcJI ^3 ^-ualj J^Ual ^gle AaxajJaJI CL^ajj^ill (JaxAj-uA
f.Lijl ojAuLia]! ^Aej ojAuIiaII AjlAuV^ ^_aa (_ja!a LarJIj (^aA3^aJI AjLaxJ 'LejAxJI ^LilaUaxLI a oL*l* ^AxILaj
^Ji 60 (JAJ Cj^LaJ oAA ^3 Ajlndl AauAaLU AsUaJI AaI] A31UI ^Jaa . ^ ^jA, /"ill
(JjxLcJI q^jj .keV 60 Jj 30 LtH AjLa^ij oUa ^_i%j La jAj kcV 80
•^31UI JLxaJI Iaa ^3 <*_kjjLU AaJI j&
t (^aLuajJI xiiAJ A L-\ aJI JalJaA.ljjl CaJaaJ^J]| ^ja A oALa ^ja o aLc- A i L*1 L*^ll l qJal» aJI ^Ax^aA
JaHaA^I _j . LgJ Alx-ll ^IAxAuiL/I (JLx ^3 dll^lui 10 <^[5^ ^ys> ^^ill Ia^J ^ lawijJI ^}axJIj
i^yt1 t LlAAJ ^iLLa _JAC-_J ^aLui ^aL^a^JI ^Jc- aII a~n (JLx£ ^JLx ^-LxaL^a^JI
1 g 1aj ^jaj CjUUJI (^3 ^<alx^ajJI (JLaxliuil ^jAaAAxA.1 <LaJLx 4aaJIc- CliL^akjj aJLlAj .LLg_ui ajj AaLIII
4^nlaj| A jSUajl CLi^L^aJI ^3 AjaAj-uJI 4jt_uaV^ ^jAAjA ^3 ^aL^a^J AAx1\ 0»li£jl ^j^jj t^JLAJAljl JaLaA^I
.4Ae ^LAaLtJj_uV^ (jl^AJ ^Lijar x^all ^ja (Jar Vi
L qLvi . ^aL^JI ^ja 1.0 mmj 0.5 mm J aIsIXa A-JallaAJI yjAijl a ^IbLlaJ ajjLxJI diLiL^ljl ^j]
^g_L^aL^aj ^31£a AjA^j ^j£aaJI ^)AC- ^_)A (Jar -%J Iaa 14jt_ujL/l A3Ua ^)A*j ^a aI^cJI ^Aa^-I ^jlAjLli ^ai^A.
4_JLr_3 jil£l jl^A jLiikl ^jj .A Anil AjaAj-uJI AjuaLU ^3L3a)t (JL^aJI jIjIaI ^gle ^^aUjAlJI JaUaAti
JLJIaj JaUaxJI ^jsikA. ^j^axJI ^_)A (Jar^kj AAnil <*_ALL! ^sUall (JL^aJI ^3
. [ l]<lja ^^aujAljl JaUaxJI Of. li£j 4aJLl3 Jc. Aaaj^.1 ^jJI CaLaJaII ^jj . AA*AjAljl a Q la'ala] I
A3L>lj 4a131a£j AajUI ^a t^tAjJjJI JaUaAlj L_aLjaA (^a]I AljxJI ^j-^aar A (jAAA (1^ (JjA^JI
Aa31UI aHiVL^AJI ^3 ojflA aaaaja]! <x_aVI ^x-aixJI ^)-aAAj <"n^>> tk (absorption edge) ^-aL-aiiAVI
. LaLaJ 4jLxjl Jjija
.^A3TAj3aJI a^AbAAl^lllj JaUaAjl ^ Ijll ^jAaarA ^3 l_flLuiaA ^^aJI aI^aJI ^_y.axA l( 1 ^ (JjA^JI
(j^aLuaLa'yl <3 Lx Ajj^jl <WI j.^iW 11
alALa^LtAll ^aJaA a 11^ ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy11
4aJ>u11| 4aja1I tiUall AaaA
(keV) s/cnr26.711 8.65 48 Cd ^3^2i£J1
27.939 7.31 49 In fJ^V'
29.200 7.30 50 Tin jj-L-aii!
30.491 6.69 51 Sb (jljAijS/l
35.984 1.87 55 Cs
37.440 3.5 56 Ba
40.443 6.66 58 Ce
50.239 7.90 64 Gd
69.525 19.30 74 W on^iHJ!
88.004 11.36 82 Pb (J-aL-ajjl
90.525 9.75 83 Bi
AiLa. 88 37 (jxi djii ^x^alixlj ciAjjj^ili ^jjAj^l cll^LoIx^ (1 o£$n
£jQ dlljjJ^iJI dLyLtilx_xi ^jls LjjSJ ^jA^aUstJI (_jxi 4j| Ja^2)Uj *(k) lg-1
. Jc^Vt LLlaUJt C3tj (/ Jal ^ SjLj
(pair ^li3l L_ijj-gj Lujaj 3McV 551UI ^xj U^-% ^ jylyi^L ^jjAjjJI di^Lolx^ Ijmj
. Js> J£2u production)
3:438
rsQ.
djCo^lxyal I ^aJaJ L 11^ ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy12
4jjMI Ailkll AjjA
: 1\\ 11—80 Cljl j A jij. till A * .'A1 3J (y ^jjjldlj ^aLa^ll ykj 4 9 ti \ a
.[4, 5] Lbj! <u-aj J1A2I yUJ IgliL ^nJlj HVL=3.9mm of A1
/»*K(10) (Sv/Gy)
0.61 1.10 1.47 1.67 1 74 1.73 1.72
A * .'Aj £^1x3 4y.Lt_iu5M oAxj3l ^gjc. A Q h-v „ iAjXi AjjLulLi (jijjl CjIA dlljfkj yjlj - (?) ^31
os-li£ y<l -^Llk Jjjj dyAyll yaLa^B . 'j J 9 (JLaxHml ^jl (_yLu3l Jk.ViN -laLLj
JU^Lul y ^cjjl tly& y>iijl S*U£ y y^aa (jjj u' UA^- ur14lf. yk fJjjUU .j L . .-,1 1 <ALa. ^jl y bllAl ^ l .'jljH u-LLuijl ^jl . A MIS 11 (Jy i ' 1L1 y£| A V1 4"'
AcyJI yl£-o 4eyJI (_)^aJ (J/sLe<s ^j! JaaJI #.^uijj (3)(Jki3l y JaaLj LuaJ . kcV 37.4
jbjj yajlyJI j_yalj Lbis ^*j ^jJlj H*(10) (ambient dose equivalent) \,4,-s Jl. ^LuytAojl ^y t, fl^JI ^9 j A jij l ..11 A 9 .1 V1 ^ '' y\ y. ojjLall A jij. ..11 A * . 1 4 jr. 1 * . 1 V' %4.t11 4^a3
ylLti ^jc. 4ylaJI Aj^lydl dilydyll 4y.Lt_iu5M ^jLydl 4_uily ^Jc- duy.1 yill djAljjJl ^ 4jl
^jc. diLuilj^il ys (JjJs j^c. blliAj £-L2£U IgiojtLo (_5Je ejjSj jl yj(jkll jl ys
• [6] V ^ydjLlI u-=|yJ'
LSjlpd' U-4ii' LyyL«3j2l y» (_gy2y ydly? AyjjJljl <yaljAJ [6] j^lBAL <_yy
(Na-22, Cs- kajiL* Lie. JL*iu.li bllij ^Je ^jUJ (thermoplastic)
[7] yya. ^ • 137, Zn-65, Co-57, Co-60, Am-241, Ce-139, Sn-113). yaLa^ll 4j. .XI ^<a (J^fLBe ydjl ^lyll l_i£lyd Ayjj^all
^ " 1 Aj\* a\1 ~ 14 1 . ^ 'S thttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy14
4jj2I aALUI AilA
^cjla_L^a Jllal Cljjjla .^c^lx-ui^n ^jjAill ^3 ^PVndU dil^Ail^lj djjla (Jl^uilt> ^ Jd Jjjj Jd Jd (hydrogel)
dl^ajJjill ^jli ,L^llj ^jxi ♦ [8] Ax_ujl (JSjubj djljjjlnJI Ada yjdJI j^aII
* [9] A^4jjdll£ jl^xJI ^)dxjJ A-lxJjdJI ^al^dll (jjj^idlj di^/Lxjl ^j^axJ ^3 CllSjdal l^juiflJ
/j°il g J ^J^Ja d)J^ t A3 lid ojljjJ A3 Ida Id i__idadJI ^a^JjV)jjJI Led
IjJJ %90 dlluaj A hull L_ldalxJI A_l]i i—SAdal ^jJI (JaLI J^JI (jx> (BNL)
. [ 10] AjlajLcJI (Jalll dlLjLx ^ 1^31 j3a*.A ^JjAj ^3 Aj^cjj^lll dlLdljLaJI (jx ^jA ^da^j
d>Ad ^ u* <db ^i^b u^' (^-bdl ^jjjVydl Aix^l ^ <a^L*JI ^jajj (4) J£A]'
. Laic- AxdL/ £Aj3aJI o^.li£
U03 Loading (wt%)
.4 h}&\ l__lddfiJI ^JAjIjjaJI A}j_dl i^yA (jAC^i] ^JAjIjjaJI Ali_dl AAj-A ASLlc. • ^4^ (JdjjJI
^jlc- Jlj)l i_flldaj (lift . Asli-uijl ^ajAaJI dl^aA^A t^jjdjl dil^aA^A (jx> AjaA^JI (JlddVl ^oj
AajaIa diLma^. (_JdA Laic- Ax-ujl Ada ^ajAaB os- tfldll AaJIc- jl^all (j>a A luij id lid
(jxida AajaIaII dllmaJI J^2kj (jl . (JxiLxJI ^)xiaJ^a1I (j-ada Ala. (Jddj Acj^a (113.11 Op3TticlCS)
AasIs-ulII AdxJj l[l 1 J A jjAllI 1 g i.^l^'v jj 11 n'v il Aillda^iL) tdajl Aj^_»-tajJI 1 g i.^l^'v jj i n'v j 23 djl^<QjJ^lll
.[1 1 ]ojjst-ixJI AajaIiII dlinaJlj (JxiLxJI ^cli1^a]I jjAJ _jhdLVl ^AAAj3 t-jjlij <__£Jba ^Jc.
djLa^lx^all ^aJaA L id ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy15
Ajj^uJI AjjjJl Ailkll AdA
^Ijjl j IjjA^ 4 oJl^ILcJI diljV^li ^j3 dil^jAjjJI j djjjJa
Radiation Shield Technologies (RST) c^l5 bll&a yj^l ^
<aLbj ^ ajI^K Jjiia JjJIj u^Lto yrW^ t> kijk4l cjU£[)jJI (> jj^kLclulLj Demron™ saja^JI Sj^kkl s aL2I due. A . Iajj^j ^jjjldlj ^^\. ^j\\s <_Liiijl ^jALedl ^Aa%j
Laic. 4ji_ul i4 jU. iiII 4jtdNI Ada 4ueIxuNI 4jl3_^jl S jLaJI a A& ^j-ajJ . [ 15] ^£• 3.14 J j_j^ IglsLiS
.lillj tuj dlLaUu^. tOUnjl 4 1-.... y. ^Jj 4 . >.a A dll
1. Chevron Philips chemical company LP, Bulletin: PP 900, Book 1, Chapter 3, Polyethylene material fundamentals, September 2003.
2. Xanthos, M., Todd, D. B. Plastics processing, Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, John Willy & sons, 1996.
3. Takano, Y., Okazaki, K., Ono, K. and Kai, M. Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Radiation Protective Effect of a Lighter Non-lead Protective Apron, Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology, 61(7) 1027-1032 (2005).
4. Nowotny, R., XMuDat: photon attenuation data vers. 1.0.1, Institut f. Biomed. Technik u. Physik, Univ. Wien, AKH-41-L, Austria.
5. H. E. Johns and J. R. Cunningham, The Physics of Radiology, 4th Ed., Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, USA, 1983.
6. Cranley, K., Gilmore, B. J., Fogarty G. W. A. and Desponds, L., Report no. 78: catalogue of diagnostic X-ray spectra and other data, the institute of physics and engineering in medicine, 1997.
7. International Organization for Standardization, ISO 4037-3: X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosimeters and dose rate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy-part3: calibration of area and personal dosimeters and the measurement of their response as a function of energy and angle of incidence, Geneva, Switzerland, 1996.
8. V. I. Pavlenco, V. M. Lipkanskii and R. N. Yastrebinskii, Calculations of the passage of gamma-quanta through a polymer radiation-protective composite, Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermo-physics, Vol.77. No. 1,2004.
9. R. Hussain, Zia-Ul-Haq, Din Mohammad, A study of the shielding properties of poly ethylene glycol lead oxide composite, Journal of Islamic Academy of Science, 10:3, 81-84-1997.
10. S. C. Gupta, G. L. Baheti, S. Gupta and V. Singh, Polymer composites for radiation protection, International conference on advanced materials and composites (ICAMC-2007), Oct 24-26 2007.
dlLea^Luall ~ 1 ' 'S thttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy16
UjjJl AjjaII 4aLUI AuA
11. Jaeger, R. G., Engineering Compendium on Radiation Shielding, Vol.II: shielding materials. International Atomic Energy Agency, Spring er- Verlag, Vienna, 1975.
12. L. R. Dole, W. J. Quapp, Radiation shielding using depleted uranium oxide in nanometalic matrices, oak ridge national labratory, ORNL/TM- 2002/111, August 2002.
13. F. El Haber, G. Froyer, Transparent polymers embedding nanoparticles for x-ray attenuation, Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 43, 3, 2008.
14. J. A. Brydson, Plastic Materials, Butterworth Heinemann, 1995.15. Steven Ashley, X-ray proofing; to save him a physician enters the rage
trade, Scientific American, May 2003.
http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy17
UjjJl 4jj2I 45LUI UjA
Jxoijl
.4-jjjj-ull 4jjjjl A3lJail Aja^] o^jljucjij Aac-I*CliLuiLiail ^±la^]l ^la..aII ^3 AacA*CliLuiLiajl ^"ijj1
GE INSPECTION a£^ ex X-ray jW?* (J^a J Aiiiuill 4^3^ 1 ex AA>a.
jAx^ix, Ja»aA . jju.i»Til ex L_j^u1 jj ISO VOLT TITAN : g>A1 ex TECHNOLOGIES. ojjtx-A (jialjD'i jjA^11 ^3 137
: exj 3^ 75 CjIj PTW Freiburg a^^ ex^ qjj>^ aac-Ul^M ciAr-^aJI
PTW-UNIDOS £>ll ex ^j> J^jJ^ jWj -Diagnostic Chamber-TW34060.0aIaa11
AajLaxJI RQA AA>aJ1 :4_lllui11 4_*_ua^il ex^ ^CuLiil eiLi^bc- ej^xjx* i,-4xX‘Lajjj . ^nlx-Luy 1 ji-jj ■■ -Xj11 Cl/3la. ^3 L qA Ac^aJI 4-tiA^luixill L qSjjLx-aI
4_Lu)Lui*31 4_lllui11 4_*-uj^/ \ 4_A^a 4_Lui3jj 4_A^aJ1 *3A 01 ii .01^3aI1 3^X1 p jA& 11 (_] >JaS^/1 4_A^a-11 *3A dllsx^a^xi.(2) (Jj3aJ1 ^3 AaaaxJI C^wSjJl (JLcjlL-uIj
•RQA AjjUxjl aa^-II cs^ H aaIluiII A%_uT3! aa>^ aiuia3 AApUl oU^>l! *(2^ <Jj3aJ1
3*i 4-Q*< 11 t- 4"AA"i ^jjIaNI ex e^1) keV a^n/I AiU=
5.4 16 608.2 26 8010.1 34 100
(^a]1 AajLaxJI AA^aJI c5^i RQR AA^Jl Cliil£ (^a]1 AuIaII AajLaxJI Ailjj-21 Ajt-u^l AA^a.4 \-%i.iijj Aj_uiij e^J^ AiL^Vl Aij-Luill A*-uj^/l Ac^a. x■’ Jj ^LaI A^]| ^j3£l1] "» jlc- 2-^*"'111 i
.(3) (Jj3aJ1 ^^3 lc£ Ax/)aAi vJuxajjl AjliA A \~ikAA^aJI *3A Cllixxaj .dll
.RQR AjIaxJI A-llj-mll Ax-ua^l AA>a. L-flAx-ajA -(3^ (Jj3aJ1
^ ^jAlxJI ^a^ 4_A^a-ll vJuxaijl AlLaj KeV a^n/I m*2.19 603.01 803.97 100
AlxJjJull jbxll (jxab& Ajllmll A^uJa^l 60, 80, 100 keV CLlAj CIiIajlL-uI
•Narrow beam conditions Alkali ag>J1 ex^ o*\£Lilli ^xaLuajll .\lwSi 06 ^A-ul Jill C_1^3x<3 (^C'ljt-ua'2l e^J^^ AjC-IjUj^I ^^-11 6 3A CIiLcjlL-uI
.(^1)
djL>a ^1x31 ^jaj i ' X ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy18
4jj3I 451UI AiiA
irn^> ipri> ir^ri^ pH irtf'T XSS09BOSIUISJ9AJ9S//: dun61
ur^P fim^r>
G^rC o^) r^> HTc^- jpcT^ i&p^-afy ip'T'ttv’ r°<? ^ (cn?> Tgry
lprH’ ^ ip^jr ip^nfg (|yP pT|rn ipA'PT” yOr^ |yf|C7r«6 |yVv
^ imp f' trvrf (i)’ (i)' (e)’ (17) iimn^ irr^> <’ mm ^
I’rf^ ^[V ^"tkN IP^tttS-
inaiogjaoo- ^9^ iprsP ip?T '’’’PF'1 itifVP ir’rTF2 ^ipin^ yi
IPFPP -5*P ^5^ °tP ip'iy^ ippS of yvjwp ([rfvfo (pcc^ [y^r; uoijBimsiiB JBsnxq
\ZTh?. T*rw ^1% y^Vi'V fsfO pr?. i&r*y=nj iT5j>
l^rfTirry ^ OTTT^r iprrffrT^'
|i>tnevyrp ^<pry vO yrne> -0^ vP yi^»^P /,£ ^"§0 ^’fbv |rc^ jsfy*0 ^jc=-0 rfVfP
r^ trr1 (°pk H1 iiT^ir irrf ir^^ id )■
rr?^ <r^h 0L' OOP ozi yffr? prf <* °^hr ipppP i&T^ ir^
911 POT Z'8 8 9 PS(IV jo mm)D A H JSI
OZl 001 08 0 L 09(ASM)
UOISU91
lp=rrp(^): (jn^n \t$nrz ippP ir"-^ f' iiftt1 ^ up■ ^r2-
tp^n ir^ iiH1 uft0 °r*v rrW? ir^rP (t)
(a-? prrfr lyTt^c-n ([<>1^) pp^T” Plfp? yyffXr^) ^ \\f^'h > PTS^-
irP> irm’ipPP1 rpr° ir^ irPP1 erp-p^ pVppp p^H1 I'^pfr-=v[^ iKh: v&a n=n^ rnrp ^ ^<v\ xg-ge’ zv \z ^ py° tis^ iK^ ^
trf0^ ipn^D rnT^ tr^-"*fv fri5> ozv OOP oL itflfp irr*^ rrirar^ ^?- tp^n’ pk^^r1 trf’D iwpn^ hDh n=n^ ^ 9'£’ re*r 9T ^ ^ ^ ^
__ ! ! I__ !
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45PbO^nWh
AljjiSI A_luij ^y*J CS-137 AjllaJ Laic. Ajt-iiV (_5JaaJI _Jjju-(7)(J<^‘“"
djL>a I i ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy21
Ajj^JI Ajjlll a31_UI AliA
http://serversmiso.aecs.sy
cjLjkJl ^ o_ul«
ajjM
I <
ua
r^si
^ ’
tv'
irr^
p(8)
: °^
iT in^
ir^>
^ 1^
2 ^ r
*fr ^
^yfr
Lin. Att. Coef. (1/mm)
P 6-
co o
|7^T
=Trl=Tn ^
)
0.016 y = 0.0001 x + 0.009 R2 = 0.91570.015
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.011
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.006
50Pb02 %wt.
.'nm’sl ^yxJ Cs~ 1 37 Laic. AjuZi^ ^ jr^ II (JxlLl-o ( 10) (JS-iiJI
,33Ljn-ajl
~ 1a 1 L > ^ thttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy23
AjjIII 451UI 4iiA
0.017
0.016y = 0.0002X + 0.0088
R^TO.98430.015
0.014
0.0130.012
0.011
0.009
0.00850
Bi(N03)2 %wt.
dlljlj Anal Cs-137 AjUaJ Laic. Ajujif d-alx-a _jJ*j:(13)(J^-aujl
.OL±Ji
http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy25
Ajj^JI Ajj^I a31_UI AliA
http://serversmiso.aecs.sy
cjLjkJl ^ i_ul«
ajjM
I <
ua
in^
im?s
rra^
irrsT
Chi
):^ *rr
\*v i
pf^
in^f
7 n^r
n: ir
^v ^
ir^2'h
D'H
^
Lin. Att. Coef. (1/mm)
II oP X
(D O
(a) +* P
Bx
irn^ iFri> ir^ri^LZ
As' S33E' os iuis J3 Ajas//: duq^ ipTtjfeqr
ir*H5rirr^p(9i):^ °^iT inf^ ir^ ?n H\$t z.£i-s3 in^
900 0
ZOO 0
800 0
600 0
UO'O
1.8000 + xfO-31 = Z
k> !=r 00 ^
CZ2
3a
C/2osoCZ2
c/a
>
£1
b;ftEI
Efit;
r
oo
E modulus MPa
K) 4^ G) 00 O K) 4^O O O O O O O
X ■ ♦CD CD Tl TlQ) CT CTCrto-b
600
o oK)
t
t;E
Ei
<i
tensile strength MPa
H+-»: lh
■fH-i :■
OX ■ ♦00 00 Tl Tl0) CT CTcn 2
6oo
o 8 in*/
1*7 ir
virr
y:
y = 0.0166x + 1.2028R2 = 0.9815
157x + 1.1747= 0.9845
y = 0.0143x + 1.2002R2 = 0.994
y =0.0124x + 1.2037R2 = 0.9941
♦BaS04 ■ Pb02
Bi(N03)2
-4 M . 3x^11 o Alxjl 4_bxj £x i 4j|j£ ^ IQ) _KH
.V LJI ^a/* silal
.'j') ^1 4_i3^)x djjafcj 4_3jk]l ajlj^ 4akjAl a-Lajl (^A a^yiJaa^ajl ^yLuil ^j^ajl dlkaljlx ^ya dike.
.^g±uil a Axj LlxjJ
a-Lajl (^A dlkalj^xjl aAA ^Jc. (Jjj Lax dlkxjl £4xaJ ^iijl ^a ^g±uil (jLLk /j j ^11 ^uu ^j
. alxj (_53 (jLLdl jl (jxalxalzsl i_g\ Llljka. ^»Ac.j
jdijk S^xAaa^ajl dlkalj^ixjl /^x dike.
."(y.ajun /L
axc-j % 10 aLajl (jxaxa. ^j-0 (J_ylax jdn
.^gAxul a Ax] (jj_y]^ _J4*-1 4_i3l^x dja^j L 4 all A. ^
^yixul a Ax] a Lajl _j^K (jAaxa. ^j-0 (Jj'"* x ^A lg%9i Aka dll m II ^j-0 x ,' j') g ^_^A ^yxj i_g\ ^iKj
(Jxcaa. .4_dikAx ^J^lj^k 4_uAaxaJI JaLmjVI ^A dL^lj^xjl aAA AjjIjj (^jc- (Jaj Lax ^jjjjl _J4*J 4_a3^)xj
%40 4 null djx^jjl dljk ^x a_i£lj4x]l ^gAj A±^g a_i£lj^ix t 'j 3 9 (_^A LiL-aaj %2 _jIa!xj <■ a,gL*
. ^Aajl ^a ^g±uil AxJ ikBLj JaAA
dlLa^lxxjl ~ L% i t i ^ thttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy29
Ajj^xJI AjjaII 4aLUI 4jjA
:cjbjML jSblloJuJ J^kJ! ^3 dillic. db-nAC-j %10 JjSpJ dll* La ^a (Jjl^a
• ui^' ^J^-J
£>a j^x^yl Alui£I L_l£lyLcJ £x> QjjJI ^3 ^)-a3ljJ Ja^jJ
. ^ajJ^ljl £y& s^jaJ (J^Lzul ^Jc. (JjU La-a t j!dijl
£>a Qj^ll f^ya N^alill ojLj JasdU .^ixjlJI f^ya ^1x2 (J^Lk I Qj^ll ^)A*j (20^ (J^-uJI
^Jl 1jjJ_L3 dvW J ^j^aLua^ll Ali-u^l AsLual ^ji ^^j^>aJ . 4 °il da<aJI (^aLuajJI AJj_u^I ^Ll-h3 S jljj
^)-a ^Uj_nj ^3 ojljj Aajx-uaJI ^UjlaJI JaL-uj^/l ^3 A 1 l^ya Ajjj Lcui ^ajj^lll
.(j^ut jt wt
□ ^'j fjj ^■ j*y ^
1.02 10.98 0.96 i 0.94 ^ 0.92 J 0.9 |0.88 90.86 t
0.84 % 0.82
20 10 4auu
djl*la ^3 ^alll £y& ^1x2 (J^La. CAhx \\ ^20)(J^-u^l
jl. Vq<a 1 dljjj %40 ^duiAJ dj^a^jl djjjlj £^a ^L_ujl (i^J^lli a_l£lyLa (jjj ^3 JaJj-aJ Ja^jJ La£
Jaj_u^li ^3 £$$ ^ys> (J^LL %3
. tkUax Jaja^jlj djL^jjlxJI ^3L jjtij ^J
jUlII
djLa^Lt^all ^aJaj L ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy30
4jJ>ulll 4jja]I tiUall AllA
dajpb <jj3 ^3 dlxdojj L&jjd Vi (J^Aui ^lll dlilaJI £ja ^l£jjJI Aabda dliic. £ja ^Ja3 dlJJ^.
d-ui£l ^i£jj d £ja dinar II ^Ja3 <jAJ ^idcJI d di3jj3 . ^idcJI Qjj i Aa^6 A^jJi 550
. ^jAks-i (_j^aLuajJ^ Ajj_u£I ^a
AarJjl ^i=L AdcJL dJj ^ja J5I ^jAJ dinar 11 djaJb dlijl d ^3 (_£j!jxa]I ^jl Ja^jJ
. a_A^jjdJI ^3 AllLall dLcJi ^jj3 ^3 Aj ^jjiL V (_jdLd ^Jc. (Jd dliJI ^a3 ^3 ^IjpJI I dk ^jj . AdcJL
^>a Aj_d ^dadiA (_^a Jald^l AJaV)La AAxJjdJI ^ai^dJI Sj33 ^3 Ad Luill (Jl£dVl Aarj^^xutSlfc J^auj »Ajn will Aatd^/I AaUa A^a3 ^a3l33 £x> (JaaII I 3)1 Jjj <" n-\ c ^ lr\II ^jaAja!! (^falx^a jLjjl
11.gJjda^dJI (Jj)ar dll ^jl . Aa1luiJI AatddU AaUajl ^)-a3l3j £^a .gJjda^dJI DjJaJj-o (^J1
.^oJlLal] Jd-ll Z dna^ L^)ja3 Z^ jl Z^ £a AjJ^Ja Aidlau Jaijjj diA oJiLcJi <31a£ ^jAxlj 1 d^.
oJlljjJI £A (Jsl ^rl>xii ^Lalc^ Ajj^cJI Ajj_kLllaj^JI AarddU ^JadJI ^jjAjlll (_J>olaiA ^)Axj ^jl JaVd
-Wlti cAb ujAA A^ • 137 fj^A' jA3 d^- A Aja ujJ3^' jljS 660.oJlLall Jd-ll £>a ^ fad (Jdd IdJjd
1 \\ y^l4 . AatdVl AaUa iddlddL L abA j Laic- Ajtdlj Adiuill AatddU AaILcJI Jii^cJI AjJLl3 a_j.jjjp ^jl JaVd
^jdaJ . AjjLr_3 ^ja£^/I d^a^±ll djj33 blj^b Ad^*^ ^ cd^3-^ d-ui^l Qj£j
Uaj A^al JA SalidVI
oLuiLcJI i^Ib ^ja (Jsl oLuiixJI ^AC. AaIluJI AardVl AJI^, ^3 AdyLarJI ^A3AjabaJ JajljpJl (d°l*A ^jl Jadd La£
Aatd^/I L dJa ^A*j ^J1 . AjlSJ^xJI dliUaJI ^3 (J3I ^Ax-aJ ^AidxJI I jlA (^La ^jl Jaddj
AauiJ ^ja*jj Ja&3 (_J-d \\ ^jaAjaII (dalaLA ^ja*jj • I^JAjaSJj L ^j^Lajl J Lkjj^a ^IjaI AaIauJI
^gll-^bj • AIaAjJ o jljj ^a ojLui3 d3^^ ^cJjuaJ t idajl AardVl L 'Q]^ ^jA*d l_ flldaxJI ^gJLajl
jjVI IjlA ^jdldj ^^)-aL-adl Ajjd oJlLj Z)ljLa^ ^jaAja!^ Aj_d oJlljj £A ^gJadll ^jjAjlll (_J>o1*a ^)-a3ljJJ
A^j^. 1^ja oJiLall A31a£ o Jlljj ^jC- A^Uli ^jAAjjJl o JiLj ^a
d % 10—5 (j^ Aaldal Aj_d dc. dldb"3^^ J ^ > 1 Axiiill A3 Ida ^g3 AAiiJa o Jiljj dj‘^"v -Iddd
3JlLj^ StiffnCSS filda jldp dj A^^ ^ja .^giLall Aj_d ojLj ^a Ja^dL JLuJI AjllLa A^aA3 Id3
oj).'in\\ ^yl_La (_jal SaUt ^eAx-aJj ^_j-aLuajj^ AAui^l Aj_d o^ljj ^a d-A-jl ^gl_d^ (Ajj^aJl (dtiljLxi
. JLuijl AjtLa ^g3 a ^gaujd £-a t(JLa^.Vl ^jdtj
dldad*All L Aid ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy31
Aaj^uJ! AajaII tiUall AaaA
?*= Imil i i ! ■in I■iiiim
f----fTTTT TmTTT
rip:K in]]
http
://se
rver
smis
o.ae
cs.sy
cj
Ujk
Jl ^
4jj2
I Ailk
ll a
jja
ILLLLL .......... ......
-------FTTT mm ......
nqirt turn
'■j|
JS £-
a Jc
-lidJ
-I
JI
^Wqa
II«(2
3)lK
^"
60 (jA
j) xall (j>a* ) ^3
jLulq
<jl V
j Lo
ac- (J
s! ^-dajxJI JaLal
l <jl
.(Slia
dJja
jljS 1
00
http
://se
rver
smis
o.ae
cs.sy
dU
^kJl
^ la
jMl A
ilkll
ajj
a
(jiua’tH) (j^aLua^ Jaui£) x-a
U Ji iU ■ 2.:-fr
EDvi ^:0
1 h“-:i^ir.'
Ihicltncs-s fmml2u^j jjj 4&UJI:(24)J^
.dijj3jL£ 60 RQR 4jj1jc. Ajiim <*_lu! 4^^.
—H-H—f
Jj-o i Alui^i AillthirkjnrssliTimh
(J^.1 ^j-o "iaLtijl 4jUllj (jjAjoll 4_luij (jjj A3^l*2: (25).ci2j3jL£ 80 RQR ajjLic. Ajiim <*_lu! 4^^.
Aj\* 4t ~ 1a 1 L > ^ thttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy35
AjjIII 43LUI AliA
'■ - il
—I i1 -
= i: ujih 1 i) j!!h
tlv£kntiS£Hminl
jj-o i ."tj.<aii lM t> jUI 3uU2j ^ a“ ^Uj':(26)J^l' . \ '.' i2..\ 100 RQR AjjLc. Ajn. ii <*_Lu!
•■- :> sr.t.ji ■J .: ^
lhic.kliesT|imiih
.cJjjjljS 60 RQA ajjLc-
Aj\* a\1 ~ \A 1 t ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy36
451UI 4ijA
t 1i o m
---!!-. I2 --It = 0.352k 3.CK?
30tulcknetsfmnnh
A..A/i ."tj■ 2h° i_ un'i 2h° ' jUI 3uU2j 3u^j A3^Uj1:(28)J^l' • C1i]j3_jL£ 80 RQA AjjIac. A j ~n, .i Ax-lu! Awoja.
*r!: "i
o<T
2>o A. ^ A ."tj■ ,,<;! 2h° a4n
thickness mml
j (3^1 2p° S-Atill A Vl A'tj A J.ii~1 AjA^ A A'A » Til‘ ^9Q j _K 'Ati
. dijj3jL£ 100 RQA AjjLc. AaIiui Ax-lu! A^oja.
Aj\* a\1 ~ 1a 1 L ' ^ thttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy37
Ajj^JI AjjIII AilUl AliA
ln(L
10|
■■= .1:: I k 3.C q
-----
___ 1
ttilcknaasfmm]
* ■ il "
Jj-o jQ ■ \ ■ s~.j\ \ \, xf ^ja o jLtijl AjLajj 4 \. ii ~1 Vjjj 4 ^ - (30) _’^ '''^
.Cs-137 4iU=j Uc W 4^>
djL>a I i ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy38
4jj>u11I 4jj11I 451UI 4jjA
In(l/
I0)
jluul CjLajSluLa :(2)
y = 0.1576X 0.609R2 = 0.^935
♦ 5% Bi(N03)2y = 0.0985% 0.0713
10% Bi(N03)2
y = 00572* - 0.0731
Bl= ol9999 20% Bi(N03)2
0.0393% - 0.|d-
R2 = O.S X 40% Bi(N03)2
thickness(mm)
A-g^. (_Jx! L-b.*i'i (_Jx! ^jLcll 4_jL^jj 4_Lui3 4_3^L%_11:^3 1
. 120 AsllaJj ^x> 38.51 oLuiLci A illm 4_x_ujt
6 —
y = 0.1253% +I0.547 » 5%BI(N03)2
10%BI(NO3)2y = 0.0924% + 0.1 01 2
20% BI(N03)2y = 0.0655% +
X 40% BI(N03)2
thickness(mm)
A-g^. ^ja Cj^Gjill Cljjjlj ^ja A4\\xi L_b.xlI {_J^ cl)-6 s^LgII 4_bub j^j±i ^L3^L%_11:^32^cJ^wil1
120 AsUaJj ^a 3.6 oLuiLg A lllm
djl^G^Lb>2l ^aJaJ L bl^ ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy39
45LUI 4ijA
y = 0.1503% R2 = 0.£
+ 0.9168 794
y = 0l.1053x + Q.1'426■ 10%Bi(NO3)2
= 0.06>x - 0.06120% Bi(N03)2
R2 = 0.5
y = 0.0443% - 0.0054 ! R2 = 0.999^ X 40% Bi(N03)2
thickness(mm)
SjLaII 4_i_ul1 I(33)cK
. 100 ^^]aJj 22 -1 oLuijLc 4_LLLui 4_3t_uji
y = Cd1B6Bx--*-T.BCT9------
y = 0.(1 038x + 0.1654 Fp = 0.9929
R2 = 0.9p44
cl)^1 L-b.*i'i SjLgII 4-jl^jj 4_Lul1 : (34^
. dll1 00 AsUaJj ^jjjxill 3.1 _1 oLuijLti 4_LLLui
ClA>a^ljLy2l ^aJaJ i- i'i^\ ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy40
4jJ>ulll 4jj31I Ailkll AjjA
In(l/
I0)
y i= 0.1864X + 1.5998R2 = b.931_
y =0.1^97x + b-226R2'= 0.9993
y = C).0918x J 0.0706|R2 = 0.9^97
’-y-^0.0585)? - 0:001) R2 = 0.9996
♦ 5%Bi(N03)2
■ 10%Bi(NO3)2
20% Bi(N03)2
X 40% Bi(N03)2
thickness(mm)
Jj-o 4 qh-L ^ i 1. .4 4jlajj (jjAjoll 4 \..i'l Vyj 4 i'V, »‘ )3 5)
. i" 70 43tlaJj ^6 21 -1 2’■ l "a ^ 4_i±Lui 4je_uji
ffI
y = 0.2282X + 2.8893R2 = O.Q-^7
y_= d-1946x_-t -LQ049R2 = 0.9946
y = 0.1471X 4- 0.2412
-R2 =0.094-1
=9t.1032x_+_0J9).3_R2 = 0.993
♦ 5%Bi(N03)2
■ 10%Bi(NO3)2
20% Bi( N03) 2
X 40% Bi( N03) 2
thickness(mm)
(J^l Ty2 iya 4l\"iR -uj 2^1 Tyi o^Ltijl AjLajj 4 ) . ii~1 Tjjj 4£-t*Jh^36)2^-i-2l. 70 43llaJj ~ j <1 j\\f ^6 2.6 -1 2’■ L "a21 4 4je_uji
djL>a 1 221 i ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy41
4jj2I 451UI 4jjA
InQ
/IQ
0.0162jx + 0.00^6
i_ _ B2_=_Q.9996
y = o.oi2x - 0,0011.9999
J- y ^-OrCH O5x---OK>156- = 0.999^3
= 0,01 Pl_x_-_0,QP48R2 = 6.9999
♦ 5% Bi(N03)2
■ 1 0% Bi(N03)2
20% Bi(N03)2
X 40% Bi(N03)2
thickness(mm)
L_imj (_Jx! ajLcll 4_LuU : (37)will.Cs-137 Ailkj Uc W
4t ~ U. 1 L ' ^ thttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy42
Ajj^JI Ajjill a31_UI AiiA
ln(l/IC
I) ln(l/
IQjluul CjLajSluLa :(3)
= 0.1 1 18x + 0.3212
y = (D-0805X + 0.0007R2 = 0.9898
♦ 5% BaS04
Y = P1p49x_+_d.0_203R2 = 0.99^
10% BaS04
_y_= Q.Q2S2x_+Q.Q281 20% BaS04Rfe = 0.9979
X 40% BaS04
thickness(mm)
(_Jx! 4_all^xi L_imj (^^x! a jLcll 4_jlxjj 4_i_ui3 .^38) U*^ ^
. 120 AsllaJj ^-g 38.51 oL-uLg A lllm 4_3t_uji
y = 0.f425x +,0I9"127R2 = 0.9863
3.5 - y = 0.105Sx + 0.1924 R2 = (19951
♦ 5% BaS04
= 0.0775X + 0 0298R2 = 0.9983
■ 10% BaS04
y = 0'.042x + 0.0732' ^ = 0.9974 20% BaS04
X 40% BaS04
thickness(mm)
ell* 4-allxxi L_imj ell6 6jLcll 4_jlxjj 4_LuU I ^39)
. 1 20 AsLlaJj ^G 3.6 6 LuiLg 4_LLLu)
C1jLg^13L>g1I ^aJaJ L ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy43
4jJ>ulll 4jj31I Ailkll AjjA
In(l/
I0)
Y = 0:1553x + 0.5488R2 =f 0.9942
0.1 049x + 0.0973 R2 — 0.9864--------
f4x + 0.0893
2x f 0.0422IR2 = 0.9993
♦ 5% BaS04
■ 10% BaS04
20% BaS04
X 40% BaS04
thickness(mm)
cW i>. dil^Sjli^ 100 AsUaJj 22 -1 oLuijLc 4_llluj 4_x_uji
y = 0.1827X -(0.8201 ____ R2_=_0^9944______
y = 0.137f4x +0.1472 ---R2^-€r9906----
» 5% BaS04
"y = 0.0864X + O'. 0528 | RP = 0.9987
■ 10% BaS04
20% BaS04Ff = 0.9993
X 40% BaS04
30thickness(mm)
. dll^3jli^ 100 AsllaJj ijdcli ^jd 3.1 J S IdLc 4_llluj 4jdut
http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy44
Ajj^JI Ajjlll a31_UI AliA
(OI/l)U
| (0I/|)U
|
thickness(mm)
4_*/>x i^yci 4 4 \\xi L_imj (^^x! 8 jLcll 4_jlxjj 4_LuU 4^'vL%_l!: (4-2) will
. 70 AsUaJj ^21 -1 6LuJLg 4_LLLuu 4_*-ujl
{/ =0.2744x +^.7608R? = 0.9982
y = 0.171k + 0.1476
= 0.112X + 0.'1681R2 = O.i
R2f 0.9999
♦ 5% BaS04
■ 10% BaS04
20% BaSQ4
X 40% BaSQ4
thickness(mm)
cl)^1 4_allxxi L_imj cl)^1 6 jLcll 4_jlxjj 4_LuU 4_3^_%_111 ^4-3) lK ^. 7 0 4 jj ^^±±a]| ^G 2.6 -1 6 IuJLg 4_LLLu) 4_*-uj1
C1jLg^13L>g1I ^aJaJ L ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy45
Ajj^JI Ajj4I a31_UI AliA
InQ
/IQjluil CjLajSluLa :(4)
( (^aLuajil Jj*ui£I
X 40% Pb02
thickness(mm)
(_3x! £ya (^C-lj^)jl ^aLuajjl ^jxi A 4 i"ixi L-ImJ (_Jx! ^jxi o jLcJl 4_jlA-lj 4_j_uU 1 (4-4) will
.120 AsllaJj ^ 38.51 oLuiLci Ailjj-u 4_3t_*jjl A^aj^.
y = 0-1 877x + f .3596
R2 = 0.99!
♦ 5%Pb02
10% Pb02:—O-i 065-7-X-L-t- 0.7 06
0.0616X + 0.061720% Pb02
= 0.9994"
—| X 40% Pb02
35thickness(mm)
ALui^i ^jxi A 4 i"i xi L-ImJ (^J"6 s^LcJl 4_jlA-lj 4_j_uU 1 ^45 ^
.dll120 ^Xi 3.6 oLuiLci Ai-Llm 4_xdji 4_d^.
dlLa^Lt^Jl ^aJaJ L ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy46
4jJ>ulll 4jj31I Ailkll AjjA
y = 0-1781x + 0.59:
R2 = 0.99-
y '= 0.0992X + 0.3392
R2 = 0.9928
♦ 5%Pb02
10% Pb02
= 0.0698^< + 0.06
R2 = 0.997620% Pb02
F= 0.0423X - 0.0072
= 0.9969
X 40% Pb02
thicknessfmm)
Vyi ^.1 . Vy3 4 ai",-v r, i + .1 Vy3 o jLtijl AjLa-lj VjJ^yljl 4_Luij VjJJ 4 Op * 11' (4<5) 4,11
-■A100 AsllaJj ~22 -1 oLuijLti 4 in. .. 4je_uji 4w0^a.
y =q 0.164x +2.9118
y =xm 12x + 1.0204 R2 j= 0.9847
0.0933% +0.4216 ■ 10% Pb02
0.0^87% + 0.0^08
—I X 40% Pb02
35thickness(mm)
(3^.1 Vyi \ \ „<t Vy 4 i + .1 VyG o jLtijl 4 V1. -xlj Vjj.iiyiji 4 J. ill VjJJ 43jL*1II ^47) cJ^+2^
■ i"Vi100 AsllaJj ~j<1 ji\f ^6 3.1 -3 o’■ ■"a^ 4 m .. 4je_uii
a^\* 4t - 141 1 Jhttp ://serversmi so.aecs. sy47
451UI AiiA
y f 0.2437X + 1.8527
y =0.131x1 + 0.4595R2 = p. 99
■ 10% Pb02y = 0.09x +0.2191
R2 = 0.9978
0.0016x - 0.0009= 0.9972
_] X 40% Pb02
35thickness(mm)
\ \ 4 qh-L i 1. .,1 Jj-o 4 V1. -xlj /jjjii 4 ).»~1 VjJJ I (4-S J
. 70 ^ j <1 j\\f ^6 21 -1 1 ’■ l "a ^ 4i'n .. 4je_uji
y = 0.1781X + o.5aR2 = O.f
= 0.0992X + 0.3392R2 = 0.9928
♦ 5%Pb02
■ 10% Pb02= 0.0698k + 0.06
R2 = 0.9976O.0423X - 0.0072
R2 = 0.9969
X 40% Pb02
35thickness(mm)
Vjxi s~t\. ’1 ^ 4 r. i + ..I 4_Luij Vjjj 43^1x111 ^49^ (2^-uill
. l"^ 70 ~ j <1 j\\f ^6 2.6 -1 oLuiix 4 i'i)i.i 4 » :'.i 4w0^a.
Aj\* 4t ~ 14 1 L ^http ://serversmi so.aecs. sy48
AjjIII 451UI AiiA
SYRIAN ARAB REBABLIC ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
DAMASCUS- P.O.BOX: 6091
Report on Scientific Laboratory Study Department of Protection and Safety
Preparation of polymers suitable for radiation shielding and studyingits properties
(polyester composite with heavy metals salts)
Dr.M.H.Kharita
Dr.Z.Al-Ajji
S. Yousef
AECS - PRYRSS 905 December 2010
http://serversmiso.aecs.sy49
Ujiii tiudi