CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
1
TNPSC Bghl;o Bjh;t[f;fhd
elg;g[ epfH;t[fs; - Mf!;l; 2018
brd;id IV!; mfhlkp
BtY]h; kw;Wk; jpUtz;zhkiy
jkpH; bjhFg;g[
www.chennaiiasacademy.com
chennaiiasacademy
Contact : 9043 211 311 / 411
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
2
elg;g[ epfH;t[fs; - Mf!;l; 2018
CONTENT
tupir
vz;
bghUslf;fk; g.vz;
1. ;jkpHfk; 3- 9
2. Bjrpak; 10 - 33
3. ru;tBjrk; 34 – 39
4. tpUJfs; 40 - 45
5. tpisahl;Lfs; 45 - 54
6. ;khehLfs; 54 - 59
7. mwptpay; & bjhHpy;El;gk; 59 – 64
8. epakdk; 65 - 69
9. Kf;fpajpdA;fs; 69 - 70
10. ;bghUshjhuk; 70 - 79
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
3
jkpHfk;:
bgz;fs; eph;tfpf;Fk; “brd;id bkl;Buh uapy; epiyaA;fs;:”
brd;id b&dha; efh;, Bfhak;BgL Mfpa 2 bkl;Buh uapy; epiyaA;fis eph;tfpf;Fk;
bghWg;g[ bgz;fSf;F kl;LBk tHA;fg;gLfpwJ.
bkl;Buh uapy; epiya gzpfs; KGtJk; bgz; CHpah;fs; kl;LBk
NLgLj;jg;gLthh;fs;.
ne;j g[jpa eilKiw brdha; efh; bkl;Buh uapy; epiyaj;jpy; $~iy 31-k; Bjjpa[k;,
Bfhak;BgL bkBuh uapy; epiyaj;jpy; Mf!;l; 1 md;Wk; mky;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
tz;lY]h; caphpay; g{A;fht[f;F 8 B$ho g[jpa tpyA;Ffs; tUif:
tpyA;Ffs; ghpkhw;w jpl;lj;jpd; fPH; ikr{h; = rhkuhB$e;jpuh caphpay; g{A;fhtpy;
nUe;J tz;lY]h; caphpay; g{A;fht[f;F 8 B$ho td tpyA;Ffs; bfhz;L
tug;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;wpd; tptuk;:
1. nuz;L B$ho Bfhol;l fGijg;g[ypfs;
2. xU Mz; ne;jpa fhl;LkhL
3. xU Brho Byo mk;#h;!;l; BfhHp
4. xU B$ho Fs;sehp
5. xU B$ho jA;f epwf; BfhHp
6. xU B$ho rhu!; bfhf;F
7. xU B$ho fUg;g[ md;dg;gwit
8. xU B$ho Nfpsf;l!; fpsp
tz;lY]hpy; cs;s mwpqh; mz;zh caphpay; g{A;fhtpy; ahidfs;, g[ypfs;
rpA;fA;fs;, rpWj;ijfs;, FuA;Ffs;, ghY]l;o ndA;fs; 455, gwit ndA;fs; 1,433
ghk;g[, Kjiy, gy;yp ndA;fs; 424 vd bkhj;jk; 2,302 td tpyA;Ffs;
guhkhpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
njw;F gjpy; tz;lY]h; caphpay; g{A;fhtpy; nUe;J xU B$ho bts;isg;g[ypfs;, xU
Mz; ne;jpa fhl;L khL, xU Mz; rpA;fthy; FuA;F kw;Wk; xU B$ho ePyfphp
fUA;FuA;Ffs; Mfpait ikr{h; = rhkuhB$e;jpuh caphpay; g{A;fhtpw;F tHA;fg;gl
cs;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
4
bfhy;ypkiyapy; “ty;tpy; Xhp tpHh” – bjhlf;fk;
jkpH;ehL murpd; rhh;gpy; bfhy;ypkiyapy; ty;tpy; Xhp tpHh kw;Wk; kyh; fz;fhl;rp
bjhlf;f tpHh Mf!;L 2 md;W eilbgw;wJ.
bfhilf;fhdypy; “Fwpq;rp tpHh”
bfhilf;fhdypy;, Mf!;L 11 Kjy; xU khjk; Fwpq;rp tpHh elj;jg;glt[s;sJ
ePyf;Fwpq;rp g{f;fspd; rpwg;g[fis tpsf;Fk; tifapy; nt;tpHh elj;jg;gLfpwJ.
ePyfphp bfhilf;fhdy;, K}zhW kiyg;gFjpfspy;, 12 Mz;Lf;F xU Kiw Fwpq;rp
g{f;fs; mjpfk; g{f;fpd;wd. 2006k; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd;, jw;BghJ bfhilf;fhdy;
kiyg;gFjpfspy; ePy tz;zj;jpy; g{j;Js;sd.
FHe;ij jpUkzk; _ jkpH;ehL Kjyplk;:
ehl;oByBa kpf mjpf mstpyhd FHe;ij jpUkzA;fs; jkpH;ehL kw;Wk; fh;ehlfh
khepyA;fspy; eilbgWfpd;wd.
2015 kw;Wk; 2016 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; ne;jpah KGtJk; FHe;ij jpUkzk;
bjhlh;ghf 619 g[fhh;fs; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;lJ. mjpy; mjpf msthf jkpH;ehl;oy;
132 g[fhh;fSk;, fh;ehlfhtpy; 86 g[fhh;fSf;F gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd kj;jpa
kfsph; kw;Wk; FHe;ijfs; ey Bkk;ghl;Lj; Jiw mikr;rh; Bkdhf fhe;jp
bjhptpj;Js;shh;.
jkpH;ehl;oy; rhiy tpgj;J – caphpHg;g[fs; 20% Fiwt[:
jkpH;ehl;oy; jw;BghJ rhiy tpgj;Jfs; 2 rjtPjKk;, caphpHg;g[fs; 20 rjtPjKk;
Fiwe;Js;sd, vd jkpH;ehL Bghf;Ftuj;J Jiw Mizak; bjhptpj;Js;sJ.
jkpH;ehl;oy; 2017 Mk; Mz;oy; bkhj;jk; 65,562 rhiy tpgj;Jfs; ele;js;sd.
njpy;, 16,157 Bgh; gypahfp cs;sdh;. 74,572Bgh; fhakile;Js;sdh;. njpy;, 50
rjtPjk; tpgj;Jfs; beLq;rhiyfspy; ele;Js;sd.
thH;tjw;F trjpahd efuA;fs; gl;oay; 2018- jkpH;ehl;L khefuhl;rpfs;:
kj;jpa murhA;fj;jpd; tPl;Ltrjp kw;Wk; efh;g;g[w tptfhuA;fs; mikr;rfk;, ne;jpahtpy;
cs;s 111 bghpa efuA;fspy; kf;fs; thH;tjw;F Bjitahd trjpfs; Fwpj;J
Ma;t[bra;J KjyhtJ juthpir gl;oaiy btspapl;Ls;sJ. njpy; jkpH;ehl;od;
khefuA;fs; nlk; bgw;W juthpir tptuk;:
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
5
40 yl;rk; kf;fs; bjhiff;FBky; cs;s bgUefuA;fspd; gl;oaypy; brd;id 2-tJ
nlj;jpy; nUf;fpwJ.
jkpH;ehl;oYs;s khefuhl;rpfs; vz;zpf;if bkhj;jk; 12 MFk;. mtw;wpd; juthpir
tptuk;:
1. jpUr;rp – 12
2. brd;id – 14
3. Bfhak;g[j;J]h; (25)
4. NBuhL (26)
5. kJiu (28)
6. jpUg;g{h; (29)
7. jpUbey;Btyp (37)
8. jpz;Lf;fy; (40)
9. Bryk; (42)
10. jq;rht{h; (43)
11. J]j;Jf;Fo (44)
12. jpz;Lf;fy; (48)
brd;id bfhsg;ghf;fj;jpy; “td kugpay; kug;g{A;fh” – jpwg;g[:
jkpH;ehL td Muha;r;rp gphptpd; 100-tJ Mz;L tpHhitbahl;o Mf!;L 16 md;W
tz;lY]h; mUBf bfhsg;ghf;fj;jpy; td kugpay; kug;g{A;fh jpwe;J
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fhq;rPg[uk; khtl;lk; bfhsg;ghf;fj;jy; mike;Js;s jkpH;ehL td Muha;r;rp gphpt[
1919-k; Mz;oy; bjhlA;fg;gl;lJ.
“gpsh!;of; khrpy;yh jkpH;ehL” tpsk;guj; J]Jth;fs; - epakdk;:
Rw;Wr;r{Hiy ghJfhg;gjw;fhf jkpHf muR tUfpw 2019 $dthp 1-e;Bjjp Kjy;
gpsh!;of; bghUl;fSf;F jil tpjpj;Js;sJ.
“gpsh!;of; khrpy;yh jkpH;ehL” nyr;rpid – btspaPL:
bghJkf;fspilBa tpHpg;g[zh;t[ Vw;gLj;jpl, “gpsh!;of; khrpy;yh jkpH;ehL”
nyr;rpid, kw;Wk; tiyjsj;ij Kjyikr;rh; vlg;gho gHdprhkp Mf!;l; 23 md;W
Jtf;fp itj;jhh;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
6
tpsk;guj; J]jth;fs; - eofh;fs; tpBtf;, r{h;ah, fhh;j;jpf;, eoif B$hjpfh
gpsh!;of; igfSf;F khw;whf Jzpg;igfs;, rzy; igfs;, fhfpj igfs;
Bghd;wtw;iw cgBahfpg;gJ Fwpj;J tpHpg;g[zh;it Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf, jkpH;ehL
murpd; rhh;gpy; “gpsh!;of; khrpy;yh jkpH;ehL” tpsk;guj; J]Jth;fshf, eofh;fs;
tpBtf;, r{h;ah, fhh;j;jpf;, eoif B$hjpfh MfpBahh; epakpf;fg;gl;oUf;fpd;whh;fs;.
Kf;bfhk;g[ bfhs;splk; miz – 8 kjFfs; cilg;g[
fhtphp Mw;wpd; bts;sk; fhuzkhf jpUr;rp Kf;bfhk;g[ bfhs;splk; mizapd; 8
kjFfs; cile;J bts;sj;jpy; moj;Jr;bry;yg;gl;Ls;sd.
Kf;bfhk;g[ bfhs;splk; mizapy; bkhj;jk; cs;s 45 kjFfspy; 6-k; vz; Kjy; 13-k;
vz; tiu cs;s 8 kjFfs; cile;Js;sd.
Kf;bfhk;g[ bfhs;splk; miz (1836) – Fwpg;g[fs;:
jpUr;rp Kf;bfhk;gpy; thj;jiu gFjpapy; fp.gp.1836-k; Mz;L gphpl;o&; uhZt
bghwpahsUk;, bjd;dpe;jpa ePh; ghrdj;jpd; je;ij vd miHf;fg;gLgtUkhd
rh;.Mh;jh; fhl;ld; vd;gth; fhpfhyr; BrhHdpd; fl;Lkhd Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wp
Kf;bfhk;g[ Bkyizia fl;o bts;sePiur; Brkpf;f tHp tFj;jhh;.
630 kPl;lh; ePsj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l ne;j mizapy; cs;s 45 kjFfspd; tHpahfj;jhd;
bts;sf; fhyA;fspy; fhtphpapy; nUe;J bfhs;splk; Mw;wpy; jz;zPh; jpwe;J
tplg;gLtJ tHf;fk; MFk;. mizf;fl;Lld; Toa ghyj;jpd; mfyk; 3 kPl;lh;
MFk;. njw;F Kf;bfhk;g[ bfhs;splk; miz vd bgah;.
jpUr;rp Kf;bfhk;g[ - g[jpa fjtiz fl;lg;gLk; Kjy;th; mwptpg;g[:
jpUr;rp Kf;bfhk;gpy; kjFfs; cile;J Bkyizf;F gjpy; U}.325 BfhoBa g[jpa
fjtiz fl;lg;gLk; vd Kjy;th; gHdprhkp bjhptpj;Js;shh;.
vk;.$p.Mh;. E]w;whz;L epidt[ tist[ - mof;fy; ehl;ly;:
brd;id fhkuh$h; rhiyapy; bghJg;gzpj;Jiw mYtyfj;jpd; mUBf U}.2
BfhoBa 52 yl;rk; U}gha; kjpg;gPl;oy; mikf;fg;gl cs;s vk;.$p.Mh;. Kjyikr;rh;
vlg;gho gHdprhkp Mf!;L 23 md;W mof;fy; ehl;odhh;. ne;j tist[ Rkhh; 66
mo mfyKk; 52 mo cauKk; bfhz;ljhf mikf;fg;gl cs;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
7
tpiy ny;yh kpjptz;o jpl;lk; - bjhlA;fp itg;g[:
2018-19-k; fy;tpahz;oy; 11 kw;Wk; 12-k; tFg;g[ gapYk; khzt khztpah;fs; kw;Wk;
murpdh; bjhHpw; gapw;rp epiyaA;fspy; gapYk; khzt, khztpah;fs; MfpBahUf;F
11,78,790 tpiy ny;yh kpjptz;ofs; tHA;Fk; jpl;lj;ij, jiyikr; brayfj;jpy;
Kjyikr;rh; vlg;gho f. gHdprhkp Mf!;L 23 md;W bjhlA;fp itj;jhh;.
cyf Bahfh jpUtpHh 2018- khky;yg[uj;jpy; bjhlf;fk;:
khky;yg[uj;jpy; 3 ehl;fs; eilbgw;w cyf Bahfh jpUtpHh Mf!;L 25 md;W
bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ. ne;jpah, jha;yhe;J nyA;if, rPdh, #hA;fhA; ehl;L Bahfh
fiyqh;fs; gA;Bfw;fpd;wdh;.
Bjrpa ey;yhrphpah; tpUJ 2018: Mh;. !jp Bjh;t[:
Mrphpah; jpdj;ijbahl;o kj;jpa muR rhh;gpy; rpwe;j Mrphpah;fSf;fhf Bjrpa
ey;yhrphpah; tpUJ tHA;fp ft[utpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Bjrpa ey;yhrphpah; tpUJf;F Bfhit khtl;lk; kJf;fiy xd;wpak; kYkpr;rk;gl;o
Cuhl;rp xd;wpa bjhlf;f gs;sp jiyik Mrphpia Mh;.!jp Bjh;t[
bra;ag;gl;Ls;shh;.
Bjrpa ey;yhrphpah; tpUJf;F jkpH;ehl;oypUe;J Mh;.!jp kl;LBk Bjh;thfpa[s;shh;.
thzpak;gho mUBf rA;f nyf;fpaA;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s cld;fl;il (rjp) VWjy;
epfH;it Fwpf;Fk; eLfw;fs; fz;blLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.:
thzpak;ghoia mLj;j epk;kpak;gl;L khLfis gifth;fs; fth;e;J brd;wBghJ
cahpHe;j 2 tPuh;fSf;F vGg;gg;gl;l eLfy; fz;L gpof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mUfpy;
mt;tPuh;fspd; kidtpfSk; fztBuhL caph;tpl;ljw;fhd milahsA;fBshL
gilg;g[r; rpw;gkhf brJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 4 mo cauKk;, 3.5 mo mfyKk;
bfhz;ljhf eLfw;fs; cs;sd. cld;fl;il Vwjy; rA;f nyf;fpa E]yhd g[wehD]W
2gjpt[ bra;Js;sJ. cld; fl;il Vwpa nf;fy;iy jPg;gha;e;jhs; fy;, rjp fy; vd;Wk;
miHg;gLfpwJ.
2011 Kjy; 2018 tiuapy; jkpHf murpdhy; mikf;fg;gl;l tprhuiz MizA;fs;:
Xa;t[bgw;w ePjpgjp Mh;.uFgjp jiyikapyhd tprhuiz Mizak; (2011)- g[jpa
jyikr; brayf fl;llk; fl;oa KiwBfL bjhlh;ghf tprhhpf;f
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
8
Xa;t[bgw;w ePjpgjp uhB$!;tud; jiyikapy; tprhuiz Mizak; (2017) -
$y;ypf;fl;Lg; Bghuhl;lk; bjhlh;ghf
Xa;t[bgw;w ePjpgjp MWKfrhkp jiyikapy; tprhuiz Mizak; (2018) – Kd;dhs;
Kjy;th; b$ayypjh kuzk; Fwpj;J tprhhpf;f
Xa;t[bgw;w ePjpgjp mUzhbf$jPrd; jiyikapy; tprhuiz Mizak; (2018)-
J]j;Jf;Fo Jg;ghf;fpr;r{L rk;gtk; Fwpj;J tprhhpf;f
jq;ir jkpH;g; gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; jkpH; tsh; ikak;, cj;jug; gpuBjr khepyk;,
myhfhghj; gd;bkhHp mikg;g[ld; (gh&h rA;fk;) 03-08-2018 md;W g[hpe;Jzh;t[
xg;ge;jk; bra;J bfhz;lJ:
ne;j xg;ge;jg;go, cj;jug; gpuBjrj;jpy; jkpH; fw;f tpUk;g[k; jkpHh;fs; kw;Wk; Btw;W
bkhHpiar; Brh;e;jth;fSf;Fr; rhd;wpjH;, gl;lag;gog;g[, gl;lg;gog;g[ K}yk; jkpH;f;
fy;tp kw;Wk; jkpH; nyf;fpak; cs;spl;l gog;g[fs; elj;jg;glt[s;sJ.
jkpiH ne;jpahtpYk;, cyf mstpYk; gutr; bra;tjw;fhf „jkpH;g;
gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpy; jkpH; tsh; ikak;‟ vd;w mikg;g[ mz;ikapy;
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
brd;id cah; ePjpkd;w jiyik ePjpgjpahf tp$ah Bf. j#py;ukzp epakdk;
bra;ag;gl;Ls;shh;.
KjyPl;Lf;F cfe;j khepyA;fspd; gl;oay; 2018 (N-SIPI – NCAET state Investment
Potential Indes) –y; g[J jpy;yp Kjyplj;ija[k; jkpH;ehL nuz;lhkplj;ija[k;
bgw;Ws;sJ.
NCAER vDk; bghUshjhu Muha;r;rp epWtdk; btspapl;Ls;s ne;j gl;oaypy;
K}d;whk; nlj;ij F$uhj; khepyKk;, ehd;fhk; nlj;ij #hpahdh khepyKk;, Ie;jhk;
nlj;ij k#huh&;ouh khepyKk; bgw;Ws;sJ.
jkpH;ehL clw;fy;tpapay; kw;Wk; tpisahl;L gy;fiyapd;, Kjy; bgz; Jiz
Bte;juhf, &Pyh !;Ogd; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
9
ftiyapd;wp kf;fs; trpf;Fk; efuA;fspy; brd;idf;F 14-tJ nlk; fpilj;Js;sJ.
kf;fs; ftiyapd;wp trpf;Fk; rpwe;j efukhf kuhl;oa khepyj;jpd; g[Bd Kjyplk;
gpoj;jJ. etp Kk;igf;F 2-tJ nlk; fpilj;jJ. ehl;od; th;j;jf jiyefuhd Kk;ig
3- tJ nlj;ij gpoj;jJ. nijj;bjhlh;e;J jpUg;gjp, rz;ofhh;, jhBd, uha;g;g{h;
ne;J]h;, tp$athlh, Bghghy; Mfpait KiwBa 4 Kjy; 10-tJ nlA;fis
gpoj;Js;sd.
kj;jpa tPl;L trjp kw;Wk; efh;g;g[w tptfhuA;fs; mikr;rfk; rhh;gpy; Mz;LBjhWk;
ftiya[k;, beUf;foa[k; nd;wp kf;fs; trpf;Fk; efuA;fspd; gl;oaiy jahhpj;J
btspapl;L tUfpwJ. rpwe;j eph;thfk;, rK}f epWtdA;fs;, bghUshjhu epiy kw;Wk;
kf;fspd; thH;f;ifr; r{Hy; Mfpatw;wpd; mog;gilapy; ne;j gl;oay;
jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
rPdhtpy; ele;j Ml;BlhBk&d; Bghl;oapy; tpIo khzth;fs; Kjyplk;:-
rPdhtpy; eilbgw;w cah;fy;tp epWtdA;fSf;fhd rh;tBjr mstpyhd bly;lh
Ml;BlhBk&d; Bghl;oapy; tpIo khzth; FG Kjyplk; gpoj;jJ.
Bghl;oapy; tpIo khzth;fs; tHA;fpa jhdpaA;fp nae;jpu kdpjDf;fhd fUtpfs;,
jhdpaA;fp fd;Btahpd; fUtp Mfpa Muha;r;rp jpl;lA;fs; Kjyplk; gpoj;jd. njw;fhf
tpIoapd; nU khzth; FGtpdUf;F Kjy; ghprhf jyh 3,000 rPd a[thd;
buhf;fg;ghpRk; tpUJk; tHA;fg;gl;ld.
“brhw;g[zh;r;rp tpjpfSk; bjhy;fhg;gpa kug[k;” vd;w E]iy cyf jkpHhuha;r;rp
epWtdk; btspapl;Ls;sJ.
kPdhl;rpak;kd; Bfhtpypy; mh;r;rfh; gapw;rpbgw;w gpuhkzuy;yhj xUth;, kJiu
Bfhtpy; xd;wpy; mh;r;rfuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
kPdhl;rp Re;jBu!;tuh; jpUf;BfhtpyhdJ jkpH;ehl;od; Bfhtpy; efukhd kJiuapy;
gha;e;BjhLk; itifahw;wpd; bjd;fiyapy; mike;jpUf;Fk;, tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;g[kpf;f xU
irtj;jpUj;jykhFk;.
ve;j rhjpg;gphptpdUk; mh;r;rfuhfyhk; vd;w rl;lkpaw;wp 12 Mz;Lfs; fHpj;J
jkpH;ehl;oy; Kjd;Kiwahf kJiuapy; gpuhkzuy;yhj xUth; #pe;J rka mw
epiyaj;Jiwahy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLk; Bfhtpy; xd;wpy; mh;r;rfuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
10
Bjrpak;
ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; bjhiyg;Bgrp Rw;Wyh tHpfhl;oa[k;, miyBgrp braypa[khd “Go
Whats that” I mwpKfk; bra;Js;s efuk; rz;ofh;
$`iy 28 md;W rz;ofhpy; cs;s ghiwr; rpw;gj; Bjhl;lj;jpy; kj;jpa bgl;Buhypak;
kw;Wk; naw;if vhptha[ & jpwd; Bkk;ghL kw;Wk; bjhHpw;KidBthh; Jiwaikr;rh;
jh;Bke;jpu gpujhd; mth;fshy; ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; bjhiyBgrp Rw;Wyh tHpfhl;oa[k;,
miyBgrp braypa[khd “Go Whats that” mwpKfk; bra;J itf;fg;gl;lJ.
ne;jr; braypiaf; bfhz;L ghuk;ghpa jyA;fspy; cs; QR FwpaPLfis Bkt[tjd;
K}yk; mj;jsA;fs; Fwpj;j tuyhW kw;Wk; gpw jfty;fis gy;BtW bkhHpfspy;
bgwtpaYk;, jw;rkak;, gy;BtW Rw;Wyhj; jyA;fspy; 1100 QR FwpaPLfs;
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
mGj;jg;gl;l mdy;kpd; jpl;lA;fspd; gpur;ridfs; Fwpj;J gpujPg; Fkhh; rpd;#h
cah;epiy mjpfhukpf;f FG mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mikr;ruit brayh; gpujPg; Fkhh; rpd;#h jiyikapyhd ne;jf; FGit uapy;Bt
mikr;rfk;, epjpaikr;rfk;, Mw;wy; kw;Wk; epyf;fhp mikr;rfA;fspd;
gpujpepjpfisa[k;, kpd;Jiwf;F bgUk; cjtpfs; g[hpa[k; fld; tHA;Feh;fisa[k;
cWg;gpduhff; bfhz;Ls;sJ.
Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mwptpay; fw;wYf;fhd „iHub‟ (mwpthh;e;j ikak;) mikf;ft[s;s
khepy muR – Me;jpug; gpuBjrk;
Me;jpug;gpuBjrk; muR “iHub” (mwpthh;e;j ikak;) vDk; mwptpay; fw;wYf;fhd
rh;tBjr Muha;r;rp ikaj;ij U}.245 Bfho bjhlf;f epiy KjyPl;oy;
mikf;ft[s;sJ. mLj;j 5 Mz;LfSf;Fs; nJ mikf;fg;gLk;. njw;bfd, mikjp
kw;wk; ePoj;j tsh;r;rpf;fhd UNESCO –tpd; kfhj;kh fhe;jp fy;tpepWtdj;Jld; (MGIEP)
mk;khepy muR Vw;fdBt nize;J bray;gl;L tUfpwJ.
vjph;fhyj;ij fUj;jpy;bfhz;L 50,000-j;Jf;Fk; Bkw;gl;l jpwikahd kdpjtsj;ij
cUthf;FtJ, gs;spf;fy;tp nilepw;wiy jLg;gJ kw;Wk; bjhHpy;El;g fy;tpr;re;ijia
ifg;gw;WtJ cs;spl;lit ne;j „iHub‟ rpy rK}fk; rhh;e;j Fwpf;Bfhs;fshFk;.
kpd;dZ fy;tp cs;slf;fj;jpw;F “rh;tBjr rhd;wpjH;” (Global Certification)
Bghd;wtw;iwa[k; nk;ikak; tHA;Fk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
11
rq;rhh; fpue;jp jpl;lj;jpd; (SKY) fPH;, „Mobile Tihar‟ vd;w jpwd;Bgrp tpepBahf
jpl;lj;ij bjhlA;fpa[s;s khepy muR – rj;jP!;fh;:
nj;jpl;lj;jpd; xUgFjpahf khepyk; GGtJk;, 556 g[jpa bry;Bgrp Bfhg[uA;fs;
epWtg;gl cs;sd.Bjrpa tpUJ btd;w eoif fA;fdh udhtj;Jld; nize;J $`iy
31 md;W rj;jP!;fh; khepy Kjy;th; uhkd; rpA;, „Mobile Tihar‟ jpl;lj;ij
bjhlA;fpitj;jhh;.
uh$!;jhdpd; gpf;fhBdh; khtl;lj;jpy; mjd; Kjy; gRf;fs; ruzhyak;
mikat[s;sJ.
gRf;fSf;bfd KGtJk; mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l uh$!;jhdpd; Kjy; gRf;fs; ruzhyak;,
gpf;fhBdh; khtl;lk; ehghrh; gFjpapy; mikat[s;sJ.
gpf;fhBdh; khtl;lk; ehghrh; gFjpapy; Bkhfd;yhy; g[yBjtp X$h bfsrhyh vd;w
jdpahh; mwf;fl;lisf;F 220 b#f;blh; epyj;ij uh$!;jhd; khepy mur xJf;fPL
bra;Js;sJ.
ne;jr; ruzhyaj;jpy; kUj;Jtkid, jPtdj;Jf;fhd g[y;btspfs; cs;spl;l trjpfs;
gRf;fSf;F Vw;gLj;jpj; jug;gLk;. njpy; 10000 fhy;eilfs; tiu jA;fitf;f
Koa[k;. rhiyfspy; Rw;wpj;jphpa[k; kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l fhy;eilfs; nA;F
guhkhpf;fg;gLk;.
gRf;fspd; eYDf;fhf jdpaikr;rfk; uh$!;jhd; khepyj;jpy; cs;sJ. BkYk;,
gRf;fspd; ghJfhg;g[f;fhf Mtzthpapy; 10% TLjy; fl;lzk; tr{ypf;fg;gLk; vd;W
fle;j Mz;L mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
jpahfpfSf;F khpahij brYj;Jk; tpjkhf epfHhz;od; Rje;jpu jpd khiy
Btisia, rh#pj; rk;kd; jpth!; Mf filgpof;ft[s;s khepy muR –
kj;jpag;gpuBjrk;:
$~iy 30 md;W Bghghtpy; ele;j mikr;ruitf; Tl;lj;jpy; nk;Kot[
vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
mikr;rh;fs;, ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; kw;Wk; khepy rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; kw;Wk;
Kjyikr;rh; MfpBahh; jA;fspd; ed;wpa[zh;it btspg;gLj;Jk; Behf;fpy; jpahfpahpd;
FLk;gj;jpdiu re;jpj;J BgRthh;fs;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
12
caphp vhpbghUl;fs; kPjhd Bjrpa bfhs;iffis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; Kjy; ne;jpa
khepyk; uh$!;jhd;:
njd;go, uh$!;jhd; murhdJ vz;bza; tpj;Jf;fspd; cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpf;Fk;.
khw;W vhpbghUs;fs; kw;Wk; Mw;wy; tsA;fs; rhh;e;j Jiwfspy; Muha;r;rp
bra;tjw;fhf cja;g;g{hpy; rpwg;g[ ikak; xd;iw epWt[k;.
fUk;g[r;rhW, rh;f;fiuts;spf;fpHA;F, rPdpr;Brhsk; Bghd;w rh;f;fiu epiwe;j
bghUl;fs;, kht[r;rj;J epiwe;j Brhsk;, kuts;sp Bghd;w bghUl;fs;, kdpj Efh;t[f;F
cjthj BfhJik, mhprp FUiz Bghd;w ghjpf;fg;gl;l czt[ jhdpaA;fs;, mGfpa
cUisf; fpHA;F Bghd;wtw;wpypUe;J vj;jdhy; jahhpf;f nf;bfhs;if tifbra;fpwJ.
Btiyapy;yh gl;ljhhpfSf;F cjtpj;bjhif tHA;Fk; „Mukhyamantri Yuva Nestam‟
vd;w jpl;lj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpa[s;s khepy muR Me;jpug; gpuBjrk;:
Btiyapd;wp jtpf;Fk; gl;la kw;Wk; gl;ljhhp nisqh;fSf;F cjt[k;tifapy; Kf;fpa
„ke;jphp a[t Be!;jk ;‟ vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; fPH; khjk; U}.1000 cjtpbjhifahf tHA;f
Me;jpu khepy mikr;ruit xg;g[jy; mspj;Js;sJ.
22-35 taJilath;fs; nj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPH; rYif bgwKoa[k;. nj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;
khjk; 1000 U}gha; cjtpj;bjhifahf murhA;fk; rhh;gpy; tHA;fg;glt[s;sJ.
caphp bjhHpy;El;gk; kw;Wk; caphp kUe;Jj; Jiwf;fhf mjpetPd „B-hub‟ I mikf;f
cs;s khepy muR: bjYA;fhdh
i#juhghj;jpy; cs;s $pBdhk; gs;sj;jhf;fpy;, caphp bjhHpy;El;gk; kw;Wk;
caphpkUe;J Jiwf;fhf mjpetPd „B-hub‟I bjYA;fhdh khepy muR
mikf;ft[s;sJ.
caphpkUe;J fz;Lgpog;g[fspy; Kd;dzp tfpj;JtUk; bfhhpah, rPdh kw;Wk; gpuhd;!;
Mfpa ehLfSf;F nizahf, cs;ehl;L caphpkUe;Jj; Jiw jahhpg;ghsh;fs;
Bghl;oapl nk;ikak; Xh; ce;Jjiy jUk;.
ne;j „B-hub‟I; Bjhuha jpl;l kjpg;gPL U}.60 BfhoahFk;. bghJ kw;Wk; jdpahh;
Jiw Tl;oiztpd; K}yk; nk;ikak; mikf;fg;glt[s;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
13
mz;ikapy; rl;ltpBuhj FoBaw;wf;fhuh;fspd; tUifia ifahs 2 FGf;fis
mikj;Js;s khepy muR – kzpg;g{h;:
mrhkpy; Bjrpa Fokf;fs; gjpBtL btspaplg;gl;lijj; bjhlh;e;J, kzpg;g{h; khepy
muR rl;ltpBuhj FoBaw;wf;fhuh;fspd; tUifia ifahs, khepy kw;Wk; khtl;l
mstpyhd 2 FGf;fis mikj;Js;sJ.
khepy mstpyhd fz;fhzpg;g[f; FGthdJ, rl;ltpBuhj FoBaw;wf;fhuh;fspd; cs;
EiHt[ my;yJ mth;fspd; nUg;ig fz;fhzpf;Fk;.
ne;jpahtpy; vjph;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; bghJkf;fs; Bghf;Ftuj;J behprYf;F jPh;t[
fhz;gij Behf;fkhff; bfhz;L cyfstpyhd #hf;fj;jhd; Bghl;oia NITI
MBahf; bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
cyfpByBa kpfg;bghpa #hf;fj;jhd;fspd; xd;whf fUjg;gLk; “Move Hack”, 10
Fwpf;Bfhs;fis Kd; itj;Js;sJ.
nJ K}d;W epiyfspy; eilbgWfpwJ.
xd;W nizaj;jpy; gjpt[bra;J, nijj;bjhlh;e;J rpA;fg;g{hpy; KjyhtJ Bghl;o, g[J
bly;ypapy; nWjpg;Bghl;o, Bghf;Ftut[ bjhlh;ghd rpf;fy;fSf;F g[Jikahd, Mw;wy;
kpF kw;Wk; Bkk;gl;l jPh;t[fisf; bfhz;LtUtBj „Move Hack‟ d; Behf;fkhFk;.
nJ 2 mZFKiwia bfhz;Ls;sJ. (m) „Just Code It‟ – bjhHpy; El;gk; / jahhpg;g[
/ bkd; bghUs; kw;Wk; jut[ gFg;gha;t[ fz;Lgpog;g[fs; K}yk; jPh;t[fs; cUthf;Ftij
nyf;fhff; bfhz;lJ. (M) „Just Solve It‟ – bjhHpy;El;gk; tHpahf Bghf;Ftut[
cl;fl;likg;ig khw;wpaikf;Fk; g[Jikahd tzpf Bahridfs; my;yJ ePoj;j
jPh;t[fs; cUthf;Ftij nyf;fhff; bfhz;lJ.
ne;j #hf;fj;jhd;, rpA;fg;g{h; muRld; nize;J Vw;ghL bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. njid
B#f;fh; vh;j; elj;JfpwJ. PWC njd; mwpt[g; gA;fhsuhft[k;, NASSCOM njd;
cj;jprhh; gA;fhsuhft[k; nUf;Fk;.
„!;tr;rBkt b$aBj‟ vd;w fpuhkg;g[w J]a;ik gug;g[iuia bjhlA;fpa[s;s khepy
muR – fh;ehlfh:
gs;spf; FHe;ijfspd; cjtpa[ld; midj;J khtl;lA;fspYk; !;tr; rh;Btr&hd;
fpuhkpd; 2018 fzf;bfLg;ig Cf;Ftpg;gBj ng;gug;gg[iuapd; Behf;fkhFk;.
J]a;ik ne;jpah jpl;lk; bjhlA;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J nJtiu fh;ehlf khepy muR
29,736 fpuhkA;fspy; bkhj;jk; 22 yl;rk; fHpg;giwfis fl;oa[s;sJ. jpwe;jbtsp
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
14
kyA;fHpj;jy; mw;w jFjp (ODF) bgwBtz;Lbkdpy; tUk; mf;Blhgh; 2-k; Bjjpf;F
Kd;djhf fpuhkg;g[wA;fspy; 5 yl;rk; fHpg;giwfis fh;ehlf khepy muR
fl;lBtz;Lk;.
“Hom Not Ok” vd;w tpHpg;g[zh;t[ gug;g[iuia bjhlA;fpa[s;s khepy mur -
#pkhr;ryg;gpuBjrk;:
#pkhr;ryg;gpuBjr khepy muR rpk;yh kw;Wk; mz;o Mfpa nlA;fspy; “Hom Not Ok”
vd;w tpHpg;g[zh;t[ gug;g[iuia bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
Bjitaw;w xyp vGg;g[jy;, Bjitaw;w xypkhR cUthf;fk;‟ vd;w tpHpg;g[zh;it
cUthf;FtBj ne;jg; gug;g[iuapd; Behf;fkhFk;.
mtru Ch;jpfs; kw;Wk; jP thfdA;fSf;F ne;j tpjpKiwfs; bghUe;jhJ. „B&hh;
e#pd;‟ braypahdJ, xyp khR Fwpj;j g[fhh;fis mjpfhhpfsplk; bjhptpf;f
gad;gLfpwJ.
Kfy;ruha; re;jpg;g[, rkPgj;jpy; jPdhahs; cghj;aha vd kWbgahplg;gl;lJ.
cj;jug;gpuBjrj;jpd; Kf;fpa uapy; epiyaA;fspy; xd;whd Kfy;ruha; uapy;
epiyaj;Jf;F kiwe;j RSS jiyth; jPdjhs;. cghj;ahatpd; bgah; r{l;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
njid gh.$.f Bjrpaj;jiyth; mkpj; &h bjhlA;fpitj;jhh;.
RSS jiytuhd jPdjahs; cghj;aha, fle;j 1968-k; Mz;L gpg;uthp khjk; nBj
uapy; epiyaj;Jf;F mUBf kh;kkhd Kiwapy; nwe;jfpile;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
150 Mz;Lfs; gHikahd ne;j uapy; epiyak;, ne;jpahtpd; gug;ghd uapy;
epiyaA;fSs; xd;whFk;.
Mrpahtpd; kpfg;bghpa ruf;F Kidaj;ij ne;j uapy;epiyak; bfhz;Ls;sJ. yf;Bdh
Kjy; Kfy;uha; tiuapyhd g[jpa uapy; Britiaa[k;, ehl;oByBa Kjy;Kiwahf
bgz;fs; kl;LBk naf;Fk; ruf;F uapy; Brita[k; bjhlA;fp itf;fg;gl;lJ.
Kd;dhs; gpujkh; yhy; gfJ]h; rh!;jphp gpwe;j nlk; Kfy;ruha; MFk;.
ne;jpa Bjh;jy; MizakhdJ (ECI) IAS cjtp bryh;fSf;fhd KjyhtJ Bjh;jy;
Bkyhz;ik gw;wpa rhh;g[epiy gapyuA;fjij elj;jpaJ.
ne;jpa Bjh;jy; MizakhdJ (ECI) g[J bly;ypapy;, IAS cjtp brayh;fSf;fhd
Kjy; Bjh;jy; Bkyhz;ik gw;wpa rhh;g[epiy gapyuA;fj;ij elj;jpaJ. Bjh;jy;
gzpfis ifahStjw;F Kd;, cjtp brayh;fis Bjh;jy; Bkyhz;ik gzpr; r{Hy;
Fwpj;J gHf;FtBj ne;jg; gapyuA;fj;jpd; Behf;fkhFk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
15
njpy;, jiyikj; Bjh;jy; Mizah; Xk; gpufh&; uhtj;, rthy;fis vjph;bfhs;tJ
Fwpj;j MByhridfsi IAS cjtp brayh;fSf;F tHA;fpdhh;.
“uh&;kp” vd;w cyfpd; Kjy; #e;jpBgRk; jj;U}g ve;jpu kdpjid cUthf;fpa[s;s
ne;jah; - uq;rpj; =t!;jhth
uhq;rpia Brh;e;j bkd;bghUs; cUthf;Feh; uq;rpj; =t!;jhth, cyfpd; Kjy; #pe;jp
BgRk; jj;U}g ve;jpu kdpjd; kw;Wk; ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; cjl;lirt[ xUA;fpizj;jy;
(Lip Sync) ve;jpu kdpjid cUthf;fpa[s;sjhf Twpa[s;shh;. ne;j ve;jpu kdpjid
U}.50000 brytpy; 2 Mz;Lfspy; cUthf;fpa[s;sjhf mth; TWfpwhh;.
vspikahf TwBtz;Lbkdpy;, #hA;fhA;if Brh;e;j epWtdj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l
„Brhgpah‟ BuhBghtpd; ne;jpagjpg;g[jhd; =t!;jhth cUthf;fpaJ. ne;j BuhBgh
#e;jp Bgh$;g[hp kw;Wk; kuhj;jp bkhHpfBshL MA;fpyj;ija[k; BgRk;.
nJ bkhHpapay; tpsf;fk; (LI), braw;if Ez;zwpt[ (AI), fhl;rp jut[ kw;Wk; Kf
mA;fPfhu bra;ag;gl;Ls;s ehL vJ?
ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; gpshf;brapd; khtl;lj;ij epWt[tjw;F blf; k#pe;jpuht[ldhd
xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;s khepy muR – bjYA;fhdh
ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; „Blockchain‟ khtl;lj;ij epWt[tjw;fhf blf; k#pe;jpuht[ld;
xg;ge;jj;jpy; bjYA;fhdh khepy muR ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;sJ.
i#juhghj;jpy; cs;s HICC‟y; ele;j ehs; rh;tBjr khehl;oy; ne;j xg;ge;jk;
ifbaGj;jhdJ.
rf;jp jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;, „RISECREEK‟ vd;w Kjy; cs;ehl;L Ez;braypfis cUthf;fp
cs;s IIT epWtdk; - IIT brd;id
fzpdp mwptpayhsh;fs; kw;Wk; IIo brd;id khzth;fs; FGthdJ, rf;jp
jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;, MW bjhHpy; juepiybfhz;l xU Ez;braypfs; FLk;gj;ij
(Microprocessor Family) cUthf;fpa[s;sJ. „RISECREEK‟ vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; 300
rpy;Yfs;bfhz;l Kjy; bjhFjp, mbkhpf;fhtpd; Xhpfs; khfhzj;jpy; ypdf;!;
naf;Fjs gad;ghl;Lf;fhf nd;blYf;F nytrkhf tHA;fg;glt[s;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
16
IMPRINT – 2 jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;, U}.112 Bfho kjpg;g[s;s 122 g[jpa Muha;r;rp
jpl;lA;fSf;F kj;jpa mur xg;g[jy; mspj;Js;sJ.
IMPRINT jpl;lkhdJ ne;jpah vjph;bfhz;Ls;s Kjd;ikahd mwptpay; kw;Wk;
bghwpapay; rhh;e;j rthy;fis rkhspg;gJ kw;Wk; cs;slf;fpa tsh;r;rp kw;Wk;
Rarhh;ig bgWtjw;F ehl;il tYg;gLj;jp mjpfhukspj;J tHptFg;gjhFk;.
Mf!;l; 4 md;W g[J bly;ypapy; ele;j Muha;r;rpapd; jhf;fk; kw;Wk; bjhHpyEl;gj;
jpl;lf; FGtpd; (IIMPRINT – 2) Tl;lj;jpy; njw;fhd xg;g[jy; tHA;fg;gl;lJ.
ne;jpa Bjrpa beLq;rhiyfs; MizakhdJ (NHAI) U}.25,000 Bfhof;F ePz;lfhy
gpizaw;w fld; bgw SBI, tA;fpa[ldhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;sJ.
ne;jpa Bjrpa beLq;rhiyfs; Mizak; U}.25,000 Bfhof;F gpizakw;w fld;bgw
cs;sJ. K}d;whz;L fhyj;jpw;F flid jpUg;g[ brYj;j Bjitapy;yhky; gj;jhz;L
fhyj;jpw;fhd fldhFk; nJ. ne;jpa Bjrpa beLq;rhiyfs; Mizaj;jpw;F
ve;jbthU epWtdKk; xBu jtizapy; mspf;fhj kpfg;bghpa bjhif nJ vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
mBjBghy; nt;tst[ bghpa bjhifia gpizak; my;yhky; ePz;lfhy fldhf xBu
Beuj;jpy; BtW ve;j epWtdj;jpw;F ne;jpa !;Bll; tA;fp tHA;fpajpy;iy. bkhj;jk;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s U}.25,000 Bfho 2019 khh;r; 31-f;Fs; tHA;fg;gLk;.
njw;fhd tl;otPjk; xUkhj MCLR mog;gilapy; nUf;Fk;. ne;j bjhiff;F
epYitahf BrUk; tl;o khj mog;gilapy; tHA;fg;gLk;. ne;j bjhifia 2019
khh;r; 31-f;Fs; ne;jpa Bjrpa beLq;rhiyfs; Mizak; vj;jid jtizfshft[k;
bgw;Wf;bfhs;syhk;.
kj;jpag;gpuBjr khepyj;jpy; cs;s fd;#h g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; vd;w xUthufhy
g[j;Jzh;t[ Kfhk; elj;jg;gl;lJ?
kj;jpag;gpuBjr khepyj;jpy; cs;s fd;#h Bjrpag;g{A;fhtpy; ahidfSf;fhd VG ehs;
g[j;Jzh;t[ Kfhk; eilbgw;wJ.
gpire;J tpLjy; cs;spl;l BritfSk; ahidfSf;F tHA;fg;gLfpd;wd. khk;gHk;,
fUk;g[, md;dhrpg;gHk;, thiHg;gHk;, BjA;fha; kw;Wk; bty;yk; Bghd;w ahidfSf;F
gphpakhd czt[g;gz;lA;f;s mitfSf;F czthf mspf;fg;gLfpd;wd. njd;
rkak;, Bjrpag;g{A;fhtpy; cs;s midj;J ahidfSk; xU bghpa FLk;gkhf xBu
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
17
nlj;jpy; trpf;fpd;wd. ahidfspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfhpf;ft[k; ne;j Kfhk;
cjt[fpwJ.
22tJ „guk;guh bjhlh; - Bjrpa nir kw;wk; eld tpHh‟it elj;jt[s;s efuk; -
g[Jbly;yp
22tJ „guk;guh bjhlh; - Bjrpa nir kw;Wk; eld tpHh‟ thdJ Mf!;l; 10
md;W g[J bly;ypapy; cs;s fhkzp muA;fpy; eilbgwt[s;sJ.
nt;tpHh, gj;kg{&d; tpUJ bgw;w Fr;rpg;g[o B$ho uh$h kw;Wk; uhjh bul;o
jiyikapyhd ehl;oa juA;fpzpahy; Vw;ghL bra;ag;gl;ls;sJ.
3 ehs; eibgWk; ne;epfH;tpy;, ghuk;ghpa eld nizfshd „ jdq;brad;fs;‟
(rhe;jh kw;Wk; tz;zj;jpy; g[jpatPl;oy; jdq;brad;) kw;Wk; fjf; eldf; fiyqh;
ckh Blhf;uh MfpBahhpd; epfH;r;rpfSk; eilbgWk;.
ne;j tpHhtpy;fpuhkp tpUJ bgw;w fiyquhd gz;ol; tp!;th Bkhfd; gl;, fh;ehlf
nirg;ghlfp mgpB&f; uFuhk;, fpahy; ghlfh;fshd gz;ol; uh$d; kw;Wk; r$d;
kp!;uh Bghd;w fiyqh;fSk; fye;Jbfhs;st[s;sdh;.
ne;jpahtpd; Me;jpug;gpuBrjk; khepyj;jpy;, cyfpd; Kjy; mdy;kpd;fy Miy
jpwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ghuj; Mw;wy; Brkpg;g[ bjhHpDl;g (BEST) epWtdj;Jf;F brhe;jkhd ne;jj;
bjhHpw;fhiyia Me;jpu Kjy;th; re;jpughg[ eha[L mkuhtjpapy; jpwe;Jitj;jhh;.
fhh;gd; ckpH;it Fiwg;gjpy; nj;bjhHpy;El;gk; cjt[fpwJ.
U}.660 Bfho brytpy; gRikr;r{Hy; jpl;lk‟ xd;iwa[k; BEST epWtdk;
bjhlA;ft[s;sJ.
BEST epWtdj;jpd; mjpf Mw;wy; mlh;j;jp Brkpg;g[ (HETS) bjhHpy;El;gk;, Dr.
ghl;hpf; fpisd; vd;gtuhy; fz;lwpag;gl;L ne;jpahtpy; 2016-k; Mz;oy; fhg;g[hpik
bgwg;gl;ljhFk;.
gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdUf;fhd Bjrpa Mizaj;Jf;f murpayikg;g[ me;j!;J
mspg;gjw;fhf 23tJ murpayikg;g[ rl;l jpUj;jj;ij ne;jpa ehlhSkd;w
epiwBtw;wpa[s;sJ.
gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdUf;fhd Bjrpa Mizaj;Jf;F (NCBC) murpayikg;g[
me;j!;J tHA;Fk; 123tJ rl;ljpUj;j kBrhjh kf;fsitapy; epiwBtw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
18
njd;K}yk;, 1993-k; Mz;od; gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdh; Bjrpa Miza tl;lk;
jpUk;gbgwg;gl;lJ. gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdhpd; eyd;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy;
1993-k; Mz;L ne;j Mizak; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
nJ ne;jpah KGtJk; cs;s gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdiu Bkk;gLj;Jtjw;F
gA;fspf;Fk; gy;BtW khepyA;fs; kw;Wk; a{dpad; gpuBjrA;fspy; cs;s rK}fk; kw;Wk;
fy;tphPjpahf gpd; jA;fpa tFg;gpdiu FoauRj;jiyth; Fwpg;gplyhk; vd;Wk;, nJ
Fwpj;J rk;ge;jg;gl;l khepy MSehplk; mth; MByhrid bra;ayhk; vdt[k;
nk;kBrhjh TWfpwJ.
rK}fk; kw;Wk; fy;tp hPjpahf gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdhpd; chpikfis
ghJfhg;gjw;fhd midj;J mjpfhuA;fisa[k; ne;j Mizak; jUfpwJ. BkYk;
gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdUf;fhd kj;jpa murpd; ePz;lfhy cWjpbkhHpfis nJ
epiwBtw;Wk;.
ne;j Kd;bkhHpag;gl;l Mizaj;Jf;F, chpikfs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;g[ nHg;g[fs;
Fwpj;j g[fhh;fis tprhhpg;gjw;fhd mjpfhuj;jij cl;gphpt[ - 3(5) mspf;fpwJ.
cl;gphpt[-3(8) ne;j Mizaj;jpw;F xU Foikapay; ePjpkd;wj;Jf;fhd mjpfhuj;ij
tHA;FfpwJ.
Mf!;l; 14 Kjy; g;U} gHA;Foapdiu kpBrhuj;Jf;f kPl;Fk; eilKiwahdJ – jphpg[uh
khepyj;jpypUe;J bjhlA;ft[s;sJ.
g;U} (hpahA;) ndg; gHA;Foapdiu hpjpg[uhtpypUe;J kpBrhuj;Jf;F kPl;Fk; eilKiwia,
kpBrhuk; khepy murhdJ Mf!;l; 9 bjhlA;fp brg;lk;gh; 10 tiu
bray;gLj;jt[s;sJ. 1997 mf;Blhgh; 21 md;W g;U} Bjrpa rpLjiy Kd;dzp (BNLF)
Bghuhspfshy; jk;gh g[ypfs; fhg;gfj;jpd; cs;Bs xU tdf;fhtyh; bfhy;yg;gl;ljd;
tpisthf Vw;gl;l tFg;g[thj gjw;wj;ij mLj;J, 1997-k; Mz;od; gpw;ghjpapy; g;U}
gHA;Foapdh; jphpt[uh khepyj;jpw;F brd;wdh;.
khepyj;jpy; cw;gj;jp myif mikg;gjw;fhf, bjYA;fhdh khepy muRldhd
xg;ge;jj;jpy; nj;jhypa Bkhl;lhh; irf;fps; jahhpg;g[ epWtdkhd bgbdy;yp
ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;sJ.
i#juhghj; mUBf Bghr;rk;gs;spapy; cs;s bkl;rypy; cw;gj;jp myif
mikg;gjw;fhf bjYA;fhdh khepy muRldhd g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;jj;jpy;, nj;jhypa
Bkhl;lhh; irf;fps; jahhpg;g[ epWtdkhd bgbdy;yp (Benelli) ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
19
kfhtPh;FGkj;jpd; niz epWtdkhd MjP!;th; Ml;Blh iuL ne;jpah (AARI)
epWtdj;Jldhd xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPH;, Bfhk;gy;ypapy; 3 Vf;fh; epyg;gug;gpy; Miy
mikf;fgg;gLk;.
1911-k; Mz;L epWtg;gl;l bgbdy;yp, xU gHikahd nj;jhypa Bkhl;lhh; irf;fps;
cw;gj;jp epWtdkhFk;. mbkhpf;fh, Mg;hpf;fh, IBuhg;gh kw;Wk; Mrpa grpgpf;
gpuhe;jpaA;fs; cs;spl;l 60 ehLfspy; nJ tpw;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
“khj;Ug{kp Clfg; gs;sp” vd;w g[jpa Kaw;rpia bjhlA;fpa[s;s khj;Ug{kp – Bfush
khepyj;jpd; Kd;dzp Clff; FGkkhFk;.
Bfushtpd; Kd;dzp Clff; FGkkhd khj;Ug{kp, Mf!;l; 8 md;W jdJ g[jpa
Kaw;rpahd “khj;Ug{kp Clfg;gs;sp”ia bfhr;rpdpy; bjhlA;fpaJ. Clfj;Jiwapd;
rpwg;gpay;g[fis Cf;Ftpg;gBj ng;gs;spapd; Behf;fkhFk;. nJ gj;jphpfahsh;fSf;F
gy tphpthd gog;g[fis tHA;Fk;.
khj;Ug{kp kiyahs bkhHpapd; 2tJ bghpa ehspjH;. KP Bfrt Bkdd; vd;w Re;jpug;
Bghuhl;l tPuuhy; 1922-k; Mz;oy; nJ Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
brhj;J gjpt[ bra;tjw;F „ cldo Brit‟Kiwia Kd;bkhHpe;Js;s khepy muR –
gq;rhg;:
gq;rhg; khepyk; GGikf;Fk; brhj;J gjpt[ bra;tjw;F „cldo (jl;fy;)Brit‟
Kiwia gq;rhg; khepy muR bjhlA;ft[s;sJ. nt;trjpiag; bgw epiy fl;lzkhf
U}.5000 eph;zak; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
mz;ikapy; ne;jpa murpd; „Digital NE Vision 2022‟d; fPH;, tlfpHf;F kz;lyj;jpd;
KjyhtJ kpd;dZ cw;gj;jp bjhFg;g[, bfsfhj;jp efuj;jpy; bjhlA;fg;gl;lJ.
„Digital North Est Vision 2022‟ vd;w Mtzj;ij bfsfhj;jpapy; kj;jpa kpd;dZ kw;Wk;
jfty; bjhHpEl;gj;Jiw mikr;rh; utp &A;fh; gpurhj; btspapl;lhh;.
Mf!;l; 10 md;W bfsfhj;jpapy; tlfpHf;F gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; KjyhtJ kpd;dZ
cw;gj;jp bjhFg;ig gpurhj; bjhlA;fpitj;jhh;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
20
bly;yp fhtw;Jiwapy; gaA;futhj vjph;g;g[ eltof;iffSf;fhd ne;jpahtpd; Kjy;
midj;J bgz;fs; rpwg;g[ Ma[jA;fs; kw;Wk; cj;jprhh; fG Brh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
bly;yp fhtw;Jiwapy;, gaA;futhj vjph;g;g[ eltof;iffSf;fhd ne;jpahtpd; Kjy;
midj;J bgz;fs; rpwg;g[ Ma[jA;fs; kw;Wk; cj;jprhh; FG (Special Weapons And
Tactice – SWAT) Brh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
15 khjA;fSf;Fk; Bkyhf ne;jpah kw;Wk; may;ehLfspy; gy;BtW fLikahd
r{Hy;fspy; gapw;rpfis Bkw;bfhz;l. tlfpHf;F khepyA;fisr; Brh;e;j rpwg;g[ tha;e;j
36 bgz;fs;, nf;FGtpy; gzpakh;j;jg;gl;Ls;sdh;.
Bly;yp fhty;Jiw Mizah; mKy;ah gl;ehaf;fpd; rpe;jidapy; cjpj;jJjhd; ne;j
SWAT FGtpdh;.
Ez; ATM K}yk; Bkw;bfhs;sg;gLk; Mjhh; mog;gilapyhd ghpth;j;jidfSf;F
fUtphpj;jpiyu rhd;wspg;ig mwpKfg;gLj;jpa[s;s Kjy; tA;fp – Mf;rp!; tA;fp
Mf;rp!; tA;fp mjd; Ez; ATM –fs; (Micro ARM‟s) K}yk; Bkw;bfhs;sg;gLk; Mjhh;
mog;gilapyhd ghpth;j;jidfSf;fhf, fUtpHpj;jpiu rhd;wspg;g[ (Iris Authentication)
mk;rj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; tA;fpahf khwpa[s;sJ.
rh;tBjr caphpast[ (Biometric) Ma;t[ ikak; elj;jpa Ma;tpy;, fUtpHpj;jpiu
rhd;wspg;g[ bjhHpy;El;gkhdJ ve;jtpj bjhLjYkw;w rhd;wspg;g[ Kiw vd;Wk;, njd;
rhd;wspg;g[ btw;wp tPjkhdJ 98.2% vd;w mstpy; cs;sjhft[k; Twg;gl;Ls;sJ.
cah;ghJfhg;g[ila fUtpHpj;jpiu Ez; ATM-fs;, juepiyg;gLj;jy; Brhjid kw;Wk;
ju rhd;wspg;g[ (STQC) rhd;W bgw;wit. KGikahf xUA;fpizf;fg;gl;l fUtpHp
czhpfs; bfhz;l ntw;wpy; UIDAI –tpd; g[fhh; gjpt[ trjpfSk; cz;L.
3 bjd; khepyA;fspy;, bghUshjhu hPjpapy; eyptile;j FLk;gA;fisr; Brh;e;j
bgz;fspd; cah;fy;tpf;fhf, “re;J]hh; bgz;fs; cjtpj;bjhif” jpl;lj;ij tpg;Buh
epWtdk; bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
fh;ehlfh, Me;jpug;gpuBjrk;, bjYA;fhdh Mfpa 3 khepyA;fspy;, bghUshjhu
hPjpapy; eyptile;j FLk;gA;fisr; Brh;e;j bgz;fspd; cah;fy;tpf;fhf, tpg;Buh
Efh;Bthh; Brit kw;Wk; tpsf;Ffs; epWtdkhdJ K}d;W Mz;LfSf;F “re;J]h;
bgz;fs; cjtpj; bjhif” ia tHA;ft[s;sJ.
3 khepyA;fisr; Brh;e;j Rkhh; 900 bgz;fSf;F mstpiy gl;lg;gog;g[
gapy;tjw;fhf xt;bthUtUf;Fk; Mz;Lf;F U}.24,000 tHA;fg;gLk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
21
mz;ikapy; RUCO jpl;lj;ij bjhlA;fpa ne;jpa Mizak;
czt[g; ghJfhg;g[ kw;Wk; jug;gLj;jy; MizakhdJ (FSSAI) “RUCO (Repurpose
Used Cooking Oil)” vd;w jpl;lj;ij bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ. ne;jj; jpl;lk;, gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
rikay; vz;izia caphp vhpbghUSf;fhf Brfhpg;gjw;Fk;, khw;Wtjw;Fk; vjt[k;.
njd; fPH;, 101 nlA;fspy; cs;s 64 epWtdA;fs;, gad;gLj;jg;gl;l rikay;
vz;bzia Brfhpg;gjw;F milahsA;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.
FSSAI XGA;FKiwfspd;go, Total Polar Compounds – f;fhd mjpfgl;r
mDkjpf;fg;gLk; tuk;g[fs; 25% vd;wstpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
tdt[aphpdp ghJfhj;jYf;fhf ne;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ kugZ tA;fp, i#uhghj;
efuj;jpy; jpwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ne;jpahtpd; caphpaw; gy;tifik kw;Wk; r{Hiy ghJfhg;gjw;fh CSIT – Ez;ziw
kw;Wk; K}yf;TW caphpay; ikaj;jpy; cs;s mUfptUk; caphpdA;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;g[
Ma;tfj;jpy; (LACONES) tdt[aphpd; ghJfhj;jYf;fhf ne;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ kugZ
tA;fpia (Genetic Bank) kj;jpa mwptpay; kw;Wk; bjhHpy;El;g mikr;rh; Dr. #h;&;
th;jd; jpwe;Jitj;jhh;. nJ Bjrpa tdt[aphp kugZ ts tA;fp vd;Wk;
miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
njpy; 17,000 khjphpfs; tiu Brkpf;f Koa[k;. 23 tifahd tdt[aphpfspd; DNA,
bry;fs;, jpRf;fs;, capuZf;fs; kw;Wk; Kl;ilfs; cs;spl;l kugZ bghUl;fs;
jw;BghJ Brkpj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Bjrpa tdt[aphp kugZ ts tA;fp vd;gJ
jpRf;fs;, capuZ, Kl;il, fUf;fs; kw;Wk; kugZ bghUs; (DNA / RNA) Mfpatw;wpd;
Kiwahd Brfhpg;g[ kw;Wk; ghJfhg;g[ ikakhFk;.
Bfushtpy; bgUbts;sk; ghjpj;j gFjpfspy;, nejpa nuhZtk; Bkw;bfhz;Ls;s kPl;g[
eltof;ifapd; bgah; - MfBu&d; rhBahf;:
Bfushtpd; btt;BtW tlf;F khtl;lA;fis jhf;fpa kiH kw;Wk; epyr;rhpt[f;Fg; gpwF
ne;jpa nuhZtk; fz;Z]h;, BfhHpf;BfhL, taehL kw;Wk; nLf;fp Mfpa
khtl;lA;fspy;, „MgBu&d; rhBahf ;‟ vd;w kPl;g[ kw;Wk; epthuz eltof;iffis
Bkw;bfhz;Ls;sJ.
Bfus khepy eph;thfj;jpw;F cjt[tjw;fhf, „ne;jpa uhZtk; jtph;j;J ne;jpaf;
flw;filapd; bjw;F flw;gil gphpthdJ „MgBu&d; kjj;‟ vd;w kPl;g[
eltof;ifia bjhla;fpa[s;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
22
tPl;Ltrjp kw;Wk; efh;g;g[w tptfhuA;fs; mikr;rfk; btspapl;Ls;s epfHhz;od;
thHj;jFe;j efuA;fspd; gl;oaypy; Kjyplk; gpoj;Js;s efuk; - g[Bd
ehl;oy; thHj;jFe;j trjpahd efuA;fspd; gl;oaiy (Ease of Loving Indies) kj;jpa tPl;L
trjp kw;Wk; efh;g;g[w tptfhuA;fs; Jiw mikr;rh; #h;jPg; rpA; g{hp, Mf!;l; 13
md;W g[J bly;ypapy; btspapl;lhh;. ne;jg; gl;loaypy;, g[Bd Kjyplj;jpYk;, etp
Kk;ig, fpBul;lh; Kk;ig, jpUg;gjp, rz;ofh;,jhBd uha;g{h; ne;J]h;, tp$athlh kw;Wk;
Bghghy; Mfpa efuA;fs mLj;jLj;j nlA;fspYk; cs;sd.
ne;jg; gl;oaypy; 111 efuA;fs; nlk;bgw;Ws;sd. rK}f tsh;r;rp, cl;gl;likg;g[
trjpfs;, bghUshjhuk;, kw;Wk; Ml;rp eph;thfk; Mfpa 4 fhuzpfis
mog;gilahff;bfhz;L ng;gl;oay; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. njpy;, g[Jbly;yp 65tJ
nlj;jpy; cs;sJ.
jkpH;ehl;od; jpUr;rp efuk; 12tJ nlj;ija[k;, jiyefuhd brd;id 14tJ
nlj;ija[k; bjhHpy; efuA;fshd Bfhak;g[j;J]h; 25tJ nlj;ija[k; jpUg;g{h; 29tJ
nlj;ija[k; NBuhL 26tJ nlj;ija[k;, kJiu 28tJ nlj;ija[k; gpoj;Js;sJ.
tpf;fpg;gPoah gjpg;gpy; nlk;bgw;Ws;s Kjy; ne;jpag; gHA;Fo bkhHp – re;jhsp:
ne;jpa nuapy;Btf;fhd 2018 J]a;ik Ma;twpf;fiapy;, A1 gphptpy; J]a;ikahd
nuapy; epiyak; vd mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;s uapy; epiyak; - B$hj;g{h;:
ne;jpa nuapy;Btf;fhd epfHhz;od; J]a;ik fUj;Jf;fzpf;if ne;jpa ju
Ma;tikg;g[ (QCL) mz;ikapy; elj;jpaJ. njid uapy;Bt Jiw mikr;rh; gpa[&;
Bfhay;, Mf!;l; 13 md;W btspapl;lhh;. A1 gphpt[ epiyaA;fspy;, B$hj;g{h;
J]a;ikahd uapy; epiyakhf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjw;fLj;j nlA;fspy; b$a;g;g{h;
kw;Wk; jpUg;gjp uapy; epiyaA;fs; cs;sd. ne;jpahtpy; cs;s kpfg;bghpa 407 uapy;
epiyaA;fspy; nJ vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
A gphpt[ epiyaA;fspy;, khh;thh; (uh$!;jhd;) Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ.
b$a;g;g{iu jiyikaplkhff; bfhz;L bray;gLk; tlBkw;F uapy;Bt (NWR),
J]a;ikahd kz;ly gphpt[ gl;oaypy; Kjyplk; tfpf;fpwJ.
A1 gphptpy; 75 uapy; epiyaA;fisa[k;, A gphptpy; 332 uapy; epiyaA;fisa[k;
cs;slf;fpaJ ne;j Ma;twpf;if.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
23
khepyj;jpd; kf;fspilBa tphpg;g[zh;t[ Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf, brg;lk;gh; khjj;ij
“Cl;lr;rj;J khjk;” vd filg;gpof;f Kot[bra;Js;s khepy muR – uh$!;jhd;
khepyj;jpd; kf;fspilBa tpHpg;g[zh;tp Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf, brg;lk;gh; khjj;ij
“Cl;lr; rj;Jkhjk;” vd filg;gpof;f uh$!;jhd; khepy muR Kot[bra;Js;sJ.
brg;lk;gh; khjk; Kjy; muR gs;spfspy; 1-8k; tFg;g[ tiu gapYk; khzth;fSf;F
xU thuj;jpw;F K}d;W Kiw vd tHA;fg;gl;L te;j ghy;, jpdrhp tHA;fg;gLk;.
njw;bfd U}.203 Bfho U}gha; TLjy; epjp xJf;fg;gLk;.
epfHhz;od; cyf bgz;fs; jpdj;jpdBghJ, uh$!;jhdpd; $`q;$`Dtpy; ele;j
epfH;tpy; Bjrpa Cl;lr;rj;J jpl;lk; kw;Wk; „Beti Bachao Beti Padhao‟ (BBBP) jpl;lk; ehL
KGtJk; gpujkh; Bkhoahy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
72tJ Rje;jpu ehisbahl;o bjYA;fhdh khepy muR „ fz;o btYF‟ vd;w fz;
guhkhpg;g[ jpl;lj;ij bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ?
72tJ Rje;jpu jpd tpHtpd;BghJ, bjYA;fhdh khepy Kjyikr;rh; Bf. re;jpuBrfu
uht;, tptrhapfSf;fhd nytr Ma[s; fhg;gPL (Rythy Bima), „fz;o btYF‟ vd;w
fz; guhkhpg;g[ jpl;lk; kw;Wk; gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdUf;fhd bghUshjhu Mjut[
jpl;lk; vd 3 g[jpa jpl;lA;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;.
„fz;o btYF‟ (fz;bzhsp) jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;, bjYA;fhdh khepy kf;fs;
midtUf;Fk; nytr fz; guhkhpg;g[ rpfpr;irfs; (fz; ghpBrhjidfs;, kUe;Jfs;,
fz;zho kw;Wk; mWit rpfpr;ir) mspf;fg;gLk;. nj;jpl;lk; 3.7 Bfho kf;fis
cs;slf;fpaJ.
Bghf;Ftut[ Jiwapy; Jsph; epWtdA;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhf Pitch to Move Bghl;oia
NITI MBahf; bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
Bghf;Ftut[ Jiwapy; Jsph; epWtdA;fis (Startus) cUthf;Ftjw;fhf, „Picthto Move‟
vd;w Bghl;oia NITI MBahf; bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ. gfpug;gl;l, gpizf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk;
Rw;Wr; r{HYf;F cfe;j g[Jikahd Bghf;Ftut[ jPh;t[fis tHA;Fk; Jsph;
epWtdA;fis milahsA;fz;L mtw;iw bfsutpf;gij ne;jg; Bghl;o Behf;fkhff;
bfhz;Ls;sJ.
ne;j epfH;tpd; btw;wpahsh;fis, tUk; brg;lk;gh; khjk; g[J bly;ypapy; eilbgwt[s;s
cyfshtpa Bghf;Ftut[ cr;rpkhehl;od;BghJ, gpujkh; Bkho bfsutpg;ghh;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
24
nd;bt!;l; ne;jpah kw;Wk; ne;jpa Ml;Blhbkhigy; cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rA;fk; (SIAM)
MfpBahUld; NITI MBahf; nize;J ng;Bghl;oia Vw;ghLbra;Js;sJ.
Bfush – jkpH;ehL khepyA;fSf;fpilBa cs;s jpl;lA;fspypUe;J btspBaw;wg;gLk;
bts;sePiu xUA;fpizf;f kj;jpa muR eBue;jpu FGit mike;Js;sJ?
Ky;iyg;bghpahW kw;Wk; MHpahW cl;gl Bfush – jkpH;ehL khepyA;fSf;fpilBa
cs;s jpl;lA;fspypUe;J btspBaw;wg;gLk; bts;sePiu xUA;fpizgjw;fhf kj;jpa muR
kj;jpa ePh;ts Mizaj;jpd; jiyth; eBue;jpu Fkhh; jiyikapy; xU FGit
mikj;Js;sJ.
Ky;iyg;bghpahW mizapd; ePh;kl;lj;ija[k;,mizf;F tUk; ePh;tuj;ija[k; kj;jpa ePh;
ts Miza jiyth; fz;fhzpg;ghh;.
„WINGS‟ vd;w VOIP mog;giapyhd bjhiyBgrp Britia mwpKfg;gLj;jpa[s;s
bjhiybjhlh;g[ epWtdk; - BSNL
ghuj; rq;rhh; epfhk; ypkpblk; (gp.v!;.vd;.vy;.) „WINGS‟ vd;w VOIP mog;gilapyhd
bjhiyBgrp Britia mwpKfg;gLj;jpa[s;sJ.
„WINGS‟ BritahdJ Xuhz;Lf;F tuk;gw;w nytr xyp/xsp miHg;g[fis
tHA;FfpwJ. xUKiw fl;lzkhd U}.1099 (GST – a[ld; 1297) brYj;Jtjd; K}yk;
ne;jr; Britia bgwyhk;.
ve;jbthU bjhiybjhlh;g[ Brit tHA;Fehpd; mfz;l miythpir, Wi,Fi,3G my;yJ
4G jut[ nizg;ig gad;gLj;jp njpy; miHg;g[fis Bkw;bfhs;syhk;. njpypUe;J
ve;j bjhiyBgrp vz;Zf;Fk; miHf;f Koa[k;.
bghUspay; g[ydha;t[ gphpt[ (EIU) btspapl;Ls;s epfHhz;od; thH;tjw;F cfe;j
efuA;fspd; gl;oaypy; nlk;bgw;Ws;s ne;jpa efuA;fs; - bly;yp kw;Wk; Kk;ig:
bghUspay; g[ydha;t[ gphpt[ (Economist Intelligence Unit) btspapl;Ls;s epfHhz;od;
thH;tjw;F cfe;j efuA;fspd; gl;oaypy;, 140 efuA;fspy; M!;jphpa jiyefh;
tpad;dh Kjyplk; gpoj;Js;sJ. nuz;lhkplj;jpy; M!;jpBuypahtpd; bky;gh;d;
efuKk;, K}d;whk; nlj;jpy; $g;ghdpd; Xrhfh efuKk; nlk;bgw;Ws;sd.
ehd;fhkplj;jpy; fdlh ehl;od; fhy;Bfhp efukk;, Ie;jhkplj;jpy; M!;jpBuypahtpd;
rpl;dp efuKk; cs;sd.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
25
ng;gl;oaypy; 112tJ nlj;jpy; ne;jpa jiyefuhd bly;yp cs;sJ. th;j;jf
jiyefuhd Kk;ig 117tJ nlj;jpy; cs;sJ. thH;tjw;fhd r{Hy; Bkhrkhf
nUf;Fk; efuA;fSf;fhd gl;oaypy;, Kjyplj;jpy; cs;ehl;L Bghhpdhy;
rpjpykile;jpUf;Fk; rphpahtpd; lkh!;fh!; efuk; nlk;bgw;Ws;sJ. mijj;bjhlh;e;J
fuhr;rp yhBfh!; jhf;fh efuA;fs; cs;sd.
ePuhjhuA;fis epug;gt[k; g[j;Japuspf;ft[k; kW-ePh; Muha;r;rp ikaj;ij mikf;f Kot[
bra;Js;s IIT – fuf;g{h; MFk;.
ePuhjhuA;fis epug;gt[k; g[j;Japuspf;ft[k; kW-ePh; Muha;r;rp ikaj;ij mikf;f
fuf;g{h; IIT epWtdk; Kot[ bra;Js;sJ.
me;epWtdj;jpy; gapd;w Kd;dhs; khzth;fshd mdP!; bul;o & Mjpj;ah brsBg
MfpBahh; bjhlf;f epjp mspj;Js;sdh;.
ne;j ikakhdJ, tpLjpfspypUe;J btspBaw;wg;gLk; 1.35 kpy;ypad; ypl;lh; fHpt[ePiu
1.2 kpy;ypad; ypl;lh; J]aePuhf khw;Wtjw;fhf tshfj;jpDs;BsBa Rj;jpfhpg;g[
Miyia epWt[k;. nt;thiy 2019 khhr;rpy; bray;gl jahuhf nUf;Fk; vd
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
ghypay; Jd;g[Wj;jy;fis milahsA;fhz, FHe;ijfspilBa tpHpg;g[zh;t[ Vw;gLj;Jk;
Our Safety, Our Rights gug;gpiuia, ne;jpa rh;tBjr bghJkd;dpg;g[ mikg;g[
bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
ghypay; Jd;g[Wj;jy;fs FHe;ijfs; g[hpe;Jbfhs;tjw;Fk;, mtw;iw milahsA;fhd
mth;fSf;F cjt[tjw;Fk; Btz;o Mf!;l; 16 md;W ne;jpa rh;tBjr bghJkd;dpg;g[
mikg;ghdJ “Our Satety, Our Rights” vd;w g[jpa tpHpg;g[zh;t[ Vw;gLj;Jk;
gug;g[iuia bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
mr;rkpd;wp ghypay; Jd;g[Wj;jy;fs; Fwpj;J Bgrt[k;, mit Fwpj;J g[fhuspf;ft[k;
FHe;ijfSf;F mjpfhukspf;f ne;jg; gug;g[iu Kaw;rp bra;fpwJ.
kj;jpag;gpuBjrk;, bjYA;fhdh, jkpH;ehL kw;Wk; fh;ehlfh Mfpa 4 khepyA;fspy;
cs;s 400 gs;spfspy; gapYk; FHe;ijfspilBa tpHpg;g[zh;t[ Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
Bharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti (BGVS), People‟s Action for Rural Awakerning(PARA), Institute of
Social Education (ISE) Mfpatw;Wld; ne;jpa rh;tBjr bghJkd;dpg;g[ mikg;g[
nize;Js;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
26
fhykhd Kd;dhs; gpujkh; mly; gp#hhp th$;ghapd; epidthf, jdJ g[jpa jiy
efuj;J “mly; efh;” vd;W kWbgahpl Kot[bra;Js;s khepy muR – rj;jP!;fh;:
rj;jP!;fh; khepyj;jpd; g[jpa jiyefuhd eah uha;g;gPUf;F, fhykhd Kd;dhs;
gpujkh; mly; gp#hhp th$;gha; epidthf, „mly; efh ;‟ vd;W bgha;
r{l;lg;gltpUg;gjhf, ne;j khepy Kjy;th; ukz;rpA; bjhptpj;Js;shh;.
khepyj;jpd; g[jpa jiyefhpy; Ie;J Vf;fh; gug;gstpy; Xh; “mly; epidtfk;”
cUthf;ft[k; Kot[bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
gpyh!;g{h; gy;fiyf;fHfk;, uh$;ee;j;bfsd; khtl;lj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;s g[jpa
kUj;Jtf; fy;Y]hp, khh;th mdy;kpd; epiyak; cs;spl;l gy;BtW nlA;fSf;F
th$;ghapd; bgah; r{l;lg;g[t[s;sJ. rj;jP!;fh; Ma[jg;gilapd; xU gilg;gphpt[f;F,
“bghf;uhd; gilg;gphpt [“ vd;W bgah; r{l;lg;glt[s;sJ.
uh$!;jhd; khepyj;jpy;, “Bhamashah – Techno Hub” vd;w ne;jpahtpd; kpfg;bghpa Jsph;
epWtd cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; KLf;fk; ikak; bjhlA;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
uh$!;jhdpy;, “Bhamashah Techno Hub” vd;w ne;jpahtpd; kpfg;bghpa Jsph; epWtd
cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; KLf;f ikaj;ij mk;khepy Kjy;th; tRe;juh uhB$
bjhlA;fpitj;jhh;. bjhHpy;Kidt[f;fhf khepy nisqh;fis Cf;fg;gLj;JtBj ne;j
bjhHpy;El;g ikaj;jpd; Behf;fkhFk;.
1 yl;rk; moapy; cUthf;f btspa[ld; Toa nk;ikak;, 700 Jsph; epWtdA;fs; tiu
jd;dfj;Bj bfhz;oUf;Fk;.
jdJ !;blh;iyl; Miyia K}oaJ bjhlh;ghf, Btjhe;jhtpd; KiwaPl;y; Kot[
vLg;gjw;F, Bjrpa gRik jPh;g;ghak; SJ trPg;jh; FGit mikj;Js;sJ.
J]j;Jf;Foapy; cs;s !;blh;iyl; jhkpu Miyia Ma;t[bra;a Xa;t[bgw;w gq;rhg;
kw;Wk; #hpahdh cah;ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpahd SJ trPg;jh; jiyikapy; 3 Bgh; bfhz;l
FG mikj;J Bjrpa gRik jPh;g;ghak; cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ.
nf;FG 6 thuA;fspy; Ma;t[fis Koj;J mwpf;ifia rkh;g;gpf;Fk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
27
bgUbts;sj;jhy; BguHpt[f;F cs;shd Bfuhstpd; fyhr;rhu ghuk;ghpaj;ij
kPl;gjw;fhd xU jpl;lj;ij, epidt[r;rpd;dA;fs; kw;Wk; fsA;fSf;fhd rh;tBjr mit
(ICOMOS) bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
bgUbts;sj;jhy; BguHpt[f;F cs;shd Bfushtpd; tskhd fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk;
ghukghpakpf;f fl;olA ;fspd; Brjj;ij kjpg;gpL bra;tjw;fhf, “Bfush ghuk;ghpa
kPl;g[ jpl;lj;ij” epidt[r;rpd;dA;fs; kw;Wk; fsA;fSf;fhd rh;tBjr mit
bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
nJ Brjkile;j fl;olA;fs;, mUA;fhl;rpaf Brfhpg;g[fs;, fyhr;rhu fiyg;bghUl;fs;
E]yfA;fs;, Mtzf;fhg;gfA;fs; Bghd;wtw;wpd; jfth;fis Brfhpg;gjw;fhf Bg!;g[f;
gf;fk; xd;iw cUthf;fpa[s;sJ.
ICOMOS vd;gJ gapw;rp, jfty;, Muha;r;rp, xj;JiHg;g[ & MByhrid jpl;lA;fs;
K}yk; cyfshtpa fyhr;rhu ghuk;ghpaj;ij ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l Xh;
muR rhuh mikg;ghFk;.
njd; jiyikafk; ghhprpy; cs;sJ. cyf jug[f;fsA;fs; bjhlh;gpy; ne;j mikg;g[
UNESCO – t[f;F MByhridfis tHA;fptUfpwJ.
2018 rh;tBjr ePh;tz;z tpHh eilbgWk; nlk; - uhq;rp:
epfHhz;od; rh;tBjr ePh;tz;z tpHh (International Watercolor Festival) uhq;rpapy; cs;s
Ml;hp ny;yj;jpy; bjhlA;fpaJ.
ne;j ePh;tz;z tpHhtpd;BghJ, gy;BtW ehLfspypUe;J tUifg[hpa[k; fiyqh;fs;
„naw;if‟ kw;Wk; „etPdk; / mUtk;‟ cs;spl;l gy;BtW fUg;bghUspy; gs;sp
khzth;fs; kw;Wk; cs;Sh; fiyqh;fSld; fye;JiuahLthh;fs;.
caukhd gFjpfspy; ghJfhg;g[ gzpapy; cs;s uhZt tPuh;fSf;F, bjhiyJ]u
kUj;Jt Brit tHA;Ftij Behf;fkhff; bfhz;L, mz;ikapy; ISRO mikg;g[ldhd
xg;ge;jj;jpy; kj;jpa ghJfhg;g[ mikr;rfk; ifbaGj;jpl;lJ.
ehl;od; kpft[ah;e;j gFjpahd rpahr;rpdpy; ghJfhg;g[g; gzpapy; NLgl;oUf;Fk; uhZt
tPuh;fSf;F rpwg;ghd cah;ju rpfpr;iraspf;f ISRO –t[ld; kj;jpa ghJfhg;g[
mikr;rfk; xg;ge;jk; Bkw;bfhz;Ls;sJ.
cyfpd; kpft[aukhd vy;iyg;gFjpahf tpsA;Fk; rpahr;rpdpy; btWk; xU kUj;Jt
mikg;g[ kl;Lk; cUthf;fg;glhky;, tPuh;fSf;F MByhrid tHA;Fk; 4 kUj;Jt
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
28
FGf;fs; cUthf;fp mjd;K}yk; cahpa kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir fpilf;f tHptiff;
fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ne;j vy;iyg;gFjpapy; kpf Bkhrkhd vjphp thdpiyjhd;, ng;gFjp Mz;Lf;F xU
rpy khjA;fs; ehl;od; gpw gFjpfspypUe;J Kw;wpYkhfj; Jz;of;fg;gl;LtpLk;.
mJBghd;w rkaj;jpy; braw;iff;Bfhs; K}yk; jfty; ghpkhw;wA;fs; bra;a[k; trjp
bfhz;l bjhiy J]u kUj;Jt Brit (Telemedicine Nodes) K}yk; caph;fhf;Fk;
kUe;Jfs; tutiHf;fg;gl;L cahpa rpfpr;iraspf;f jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
caphp b$l; vhpbghUshy; naA;Fk; ne;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ Brhjid tpkhdj;ij
btw;wpfukhf Brhjpj;Js;s tpkhd epWtdk; - !;ig!; b$l; (Spice Jet)
ne;jpahtpy; Kjy;Kiwahf !;ig!; b$l; tpkhd epWtdj;jpd; tpkhdk; xd;W caphp
b$l; vhpbghUs; K}yk; Mf!;l; 27 md;W naf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Btshz; bghUs; fHpt[fspy; nUe;J vj;jdhy; vLf;fg;gl;L mjd;K}yk; caphp
vhpbghUs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
ehl;oByBa Kjy;Kiwahf BluhL}dpypUe;J bly;ypf;f caphp vhpbghUisg; gad;gLj;jp
tpkhdj;ij naf;f Kot[ bra;ag;gl;lJ.
!;ig!; b$l; epWtdj;jpd;, Bombardaier Q400 uf epkhdj;jpy; 75% tHf;fkhd tpkhd
vhpbghUSld;, 25% caphp vhpbghUs; epug;gl;lJ.
tpkhdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l ne;j caphp vhpbghUs; Mkzf;F tpijapypUe;J
jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ne;j vhpbghUis BluhL}dpy; cs;s CSIR – ne;jpa bgl;Buhypa
Ma;t[ epWtdk; jahhpj;Js;sJ.
Bombardier Q400 uf tpkhdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l caphp vhpbghUis
mbkhpf;fhtpYs;s mbkhpf;f jur;Brhjid ikak; (Amercian Standard Testing Method –
ASTM)mA;fPfhpj;J, tpkhdk; gwg;gjw;fhd jFjptha;e;j vhpbghUs;fs; mjpy;
mlA;fpa[s;sjhf bjhptpj;jJ.
mbkhpf;fh, M!;jpBuypah, fdlh cs;spl;l rpy ehLfs; kl;LBk nJtiu
tpkhdj;jpy; caphp vjpbghUis gad;gLj;jpa[s;sd vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
29
fly;rhh; ePhpay; mikg;ig (Marine Hydraulic System) bgwt[s;s ne;jpahtpd; xBu
tpkhde;jhA;fp Bghh;f;fg;gy; - INS tpf;ukhjpj;ah
Kjd;Kiwahf,fg;gypd; thd; Bghf;Ftut[ eltof;iffis mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf, “GS –
IMF kw;Wk; GS – 3” Mfpa fly;rhh; ePhpay; mikg;g[fs;, Ivd;v!; tpf;ukhjpj;ah
Bghh;f;fg;gypy; bghUj;jg;glt[s;sJ.
u&;ahtpd; Buh!;blf; !;bll; fhh;g;gBu&dpd; nizepWtdkhd „blf;Bdhjpdhkpfh‟
K}yk; Bk 2019‟f;Fs; mikg;g[fs; bghUj;jg;gLk;.
INS tpf;ukhjpj;ah xU khw;wk; bra;ag;gl;l fpt; - tFg;g[ tpkhde;jhA;fpf; fg;gyhFk;.
mz;ikapy;, 2013-k; Mz;L epWtd rl;lj;jpd; jz;lid tpjpfis kPsha;t[ bra;J
jdJ nWjp mwpf;ifia murhA;fj;jpw;F rkh;g;gpj;Js;s FGtpd; jiyth; - nq;brl;o
=epth!;:
bgUepWtd tptfhu brayhsh; nq;brl;o =ept!; jiyikapyhd FG, mz;ikapy;
2013-k; Mz;L epWtd rl;lj;jpd; jz;lid tpjpKiwfsis kPsha;t[ bra;J jdJ
nWjp mwpf;ifia epjp kw;Wk; bgUepWtd tptfhuA;fSf;fhd mikr;rh; mUz;
b$l;ypaplk; rkh;g;gpj;jJ.
MW gphpt[fis cs;slf;fpa fLikahd Fw;wrhl;LfSf;F fLikahd rl;lA;fs;
bjhlhe;J eilKiwapypUf;fBtz;Lk; vd nf;FG ghpe;Jiuj;Js;sJ.
epWtdA;fs; rl;lk;, 2013‟d; (Companies Act, 2013) jz;lid tpjpKiwfis kPsha;t[
bra;tjw;fhf, nq;brl;o =epth!; (bgUepWtd tptfhuA;fs; mikr;rf brayhsh;)
jiyikapy; gj;J cWg;gpdh;fs;bfhz;l xU FGit, fle;j $`iyapy; bgUeptd
tptfhuA;fs; mikr;rfk; mikj;jJ.
“Atal Ji Ne Kaha” vd;w E]ypd; Mrphpah; - gphpB$e;jpu Bu#p:-
“Atal Ji Ne Kaha” vd;w E]iy J]h;jh;&d; epfH;r;rp jahhpg;ghsUk;, K}j;j
gj;jphpifahsUk; Md gphpB$d;jp Bu#p vGjp, bjhFj;Js;shh;. gh.$. K}j;j
jiytUk;, Kd;dhs; ne;jpag; gpujkUkhd mly; gp#hhp th$;gha; gw;wpa ne;E]iy
gpujkh; Bkho btspapl;Ls;shh;.
ne;E]y; bghUshjhuk;, bfhs;iffs;, rpW bjhHpy;fs;, rK}f tsh;r;rp, mZrf;jp
jpl;lk; mwptpay; & bjhHpy;El;gk; Fwpj;j th$;ghapd; ciufis 26 gFjpfshff;
bfhz;Ls;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
30
nisqh;fspd; jpwikfis milahsA;fhz;gjw;fhf, K #PBuh, K xorh vd;w
jpl;lj;jij xorh khepy murhA;fk; bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
khepyj;jpd; nsq;rhjidahsh;fspd; jpwikfis milahsA;fhzt[k;, mtw;iw
mA;fPfhpg;gija[k; Behf;fkhff;bfhz;L, xorh khepy murhA;fk; „K.#PBuh, K
xorh‟ (ehd; rhjidahsh; - ehd; xorh) vd;w jpl;lj;ij bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ. ne;jj;
jpl;lj;ij, gp$` a[t th#pdp (BYV) cWg;gpdh;fs; elj;Jfpwhh;fs;.
yf;th; gy;Behf;F jpl;lk;, aKid Mw;Wld; bjhlh;g[ilaJ.
cj;jufhz;l; khepyj;jpy; yf;th; gy;Behf;F jpl;lj;ij epWt[tjw;fhf, MW Bky;
aKid toepy khepyj;jpd; Kjyikr;rh;fSldhd g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;jj;jpy; Mf!;l;
28 md;W ne;jpa muR ifbaGj;jpl;lJ.
mit, cj;jufhz;l; #pkhr;ryg;gpuBjrk;, c.gp. #hpahdh, uh$!;jhd; kw;Wk;
bly;yp Mfpa khepyA;fshFk;.
cj;jufhz;oYs;s BluhL}d; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s Byh#hp fpuhkj;jpw;F mUfpy;
aKid Mw;wpd; FWf;Bf 204kP, cauKk;, 330.66 kpy;ypad; fd kP. (MCM) ePh;
Brkpg;g[j; jpwDk; cila igq;Rij miz fl;Lkhdj;jpl;lBk ne;j yf;th;
jpl;lkhFk;.
epyj;jo ePh; tw;wpg;Bghjyhy; Bfhilfhyj;jpy; fA;ifahW twz;LBghtJ Fwpj;J
mz;ikapy; Ma;t[ elj;jpa IIo epWtdk; - IIT fuf;g{h;:
epyj;jo ePh; tw;Wtjhy; Bfhilfhyj;jpy; fA;ifahW twz;LBghJ Fwpj;j Ma;it
mz;ikapy; fuf;g{h; IIo epWtdk; elj;jpaJ.
Ber;rh; btspaPl;L FGkj;jpd; mwptpay; mwpf;iffs; njHpy; mz;ikapy; btspahd
me;j Ma;t[, fA;ifahw;wpd; epyj;jo ePh; mst[fspd; braw;ifBfhs; glA;fs;,
vz;zpay; xg;g[Uthf;fk; kw;Wk; Btjp gFg;gha;t[ Mfpatw;iwf; bfhz;L xU Kot[f;F
te;Js;sJ.
fuf;g{h; IIoiar; Brh;e;j epytpay; Jiw niz Bguhrphpah; mgp$pj; Kfh;$p,
fdlhitr; Brh;e;j BrhBke;jpuehj; gq;rhg; kw;Wk; IIASA M!;jphpahitr; Brh;e;j
Bah&pi#l; thlh MfpBahUld; nize;J ne;j Ma;it elj;jpa[s;shh;. ne;j
Muha;r;rp IIT – KGP mwptpay; kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpa jpl;ljpd; (SANDHI) fPH;
elj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
31
„If;fpa ehLfsitapd; kpd; - muR gl;oay; 2018‟ (UN‟s E-Government Indes 2018y;)
y; ne;jpah 96tJ nlj;ijg; bgw;Ws;sJ.
fle;j 2014 Mk; Mz;oy; ne;jpah 118 tJ nlj;jpypUe;J Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
ng;gl;oapypy; bld;khh;f; ehL Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ.
„PP‟ my;yJ „P null‟ tifapyhd kpf mhpa nuj;j tif kA;fSUhpy;
fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ne;j „P null‟ nuj;j tif ne;jpahtpy; fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ nJBt Kjy;
KiwahFk;.
k.gp.apd; ghrd Bkk;ghl;L jpl;lj;jpw;fhf, Mrpa tsh;r;rp tA;fp rh;tBjr
mikg;g[ld; $375 kpy;ypad; lhyh; kjpg;gpyhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; ne;jpah
ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;sJ.
k.gp‟apd; ghrd Bkk;ghl;L jpl;lj;jpw;fhf, Mrpa tsh;r;rp tA;fpa[ldhd $375
kpy;ypad; mbkhpf;f lhyh; kjpg;gpyhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; ne;jpah ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;sJ.
ghrd fl;likg;g[fs; kw;Wk; mikg;gpd; bray;jpwd; Mfpatw;iw tphpthf;Ftjd; K}yk;
k.gp tptrhapfspd; tUkhdj;ij nul;og;ghf;FtBj ne;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; Behf;fkhFk;.
Fz;lypah ePh;g;ghrd jpl;lk; kw;Wk; rq;ra; rBuhth; ePh;g;ghrd jpl;lk; Mfpa 2 bghpa
ePh;g;ghrd Kiwfspy; ne;jj; jpl;lk; ftdk; brYj;Jk;.
fpU&;zh FjPh; bgz;fs; kw;Wk; FHe;ijfs; eyd; mikr;rfk; kj;jpa
mikr;rfj;Jld; bjhlh;g[ilaJ.
„fpU&;zh FjPh;‟ vd;gJ brhe;jkhf xU tPL jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;, bgz;fs; kw;Wk;
FHe;ijfs; eyd; mikr;rfk; mikj;Js;s 1000 ifk;bgz;fSf;fhd xU rpwg;g[
tPlhFk;. njd; tifapy; murhA;fj;jhy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s njid, Bkdfh rq;ra;
fhe;jpa[k;, c.gp. Kjy;th; Bahfp Mjpj;aehj;Jk; nize;J Mf!;l; 31 md;W
jpwe;Jitj;jdh;.
gpUe;jhtdpy; mtyepiyapy; thGk; ifk;bgz;fspd; epiyikia rPuhf;Ftjw;fhf
ng;g[jpa ifk;bgz;fs; tPL mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
4 kho fl;ol mikg;g[ila ne;j tPl;od; totikg;g[ „b#y;Bg$; ne;jpah‟ vd;w
muR rhuh mikg;g[ld; fye;jhByhrpf;fg;gl;L jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nt;tPl;oid c.gp. khepy muR eph;tfpj;J, guhkhpf;Fk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
32
Bjrpa J]a;ik fA;if jpl;lj;Jf;fhf ne;jpaht[f;F €120 kpy;ypad; a{Buh bkd;flid
tHA;fpa[s;s IBuhg;gpa ehL – b$h;kdp
Bjrpa J]a;ik fA;if jpl;lk; kw;Wk; cj;jufhz;od; fHpt[ePh; Rj;jpfhpg;g[
cl;fl;likg;ig tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf, ne;jpaht[f;F €120 kpy;ypad; a{Buh (ne;jpa
gzj;jpy; Rkhh; U}.990 Bfho) bkd;flid b$h;kdp tHA;fpa[s;sJ.
Rj;jpfhpf;fg;glhj ePh; fA;ifahw;wpy; fyg;gij Fiwg;gBj ne;j bkd;fldpd;
Kjd;ikahd Behf;fkhFk;.
„GIZ‟ vd;w b$h;khdpa tsh;r;rp KfikahdJ gs;sp bry;Yk; FHe;ijfSF;F fA;if
MW gw;wpa jfty;fis bjhptpf;Fk; Behf;BfhL ;fA;if bgl;o‟ vd;w xU jfty;
Vl;il cUthf;fpa[s;sJ.
khepyj;jpy; cs;s muRg;gs;spfspy;, “Mil – Banche” vd;w epfH;it Vw;ghL bra;Js;s
khepy muR – kj;jpag;gpuBjrk;.
khepyj;jpy; cs;s muRg;gs;spfspy;, “Mil – Banche” vd;w mstsht[ epfH;it k.gp
muR Vw;ghL bra;Js;sJ. bkhHpj;jpwid Bkk;gLj;JtJ, ghlE]y;fSld;
gpwE]y;fisa[k; gog;gJ, gpw fy;tprhh; fw;gpj;jy; eltof;iffis Bkw;bfhs;tJ
epfH;tpd; Behf;fkhFk;.
18tJ Mrpa tpisahl;Lfspy;, Mz;fs; 1500kP. Bghl;oapy; jA;fk; btd;w ne;jpa
tPuh; - $pd;rd; $hd;rd;
$fhh;j;jh Mrpa tpisahl;Lfspy;, Mz;fs; 1500kP., Bghl;oapy;, ne;jpa tPuh;
$pd;rd; $hd;rd; ge;ja J]uj;ij 3:44:72 epkplj;jpy; fle;J jA;fk; btd;whh;.
Vw;fdBt ele;j MltUf;fhd 800kP., Xl;lj;jpy; nth; bts;sp btd;Ws;shh;.
BkYk;, mtuJ rfehl;L tPuh; kq;rpj; rpA; mBj Bghl;oapy; jA;fk; btd;wJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
fz;Lgpog;g[fis Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf cah;fy;tp epWtdA;fSf;fhd ARIIA vd;w
juthpir Kiwia kj;jpa muR mwptpj;Js;sJ.
fz;Lgpog;g[fis Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf cah;fy;tp epWtdA;fSf;fhd g[jpa juthpir
Kiwia (ARIIA – Atal Ranking of Institutions onInnovation Achievements) g[J bly;ypay;
cs;s AICTE –y; kj;jpa kdpj ts Bkk;ghl;L mikr;rfk; mwptpj;jJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
33
mg;Jy;fyhkpd; gpwe;jehshd mf;Blhgh; 15 md;W ne;jg; g[jpa juthpirKiw
Kiwahf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;. njd; Kot[, mwptpay; jpdkhd gpg;.28 md;W
mwptpf;fg;gLk;.
mly; gpfhhp th$;ghapd; epidthf “ARIIA” vd;W bgahplg;gl;Ls;sJ. nJ tut[
bryt[fs; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpahd tUtha;fs;: Bkk;gLj;jg;gl;l ikaA;fis
mZFtjw;fhd trjp, bjhHpw;KidBthhpd; Bahridfs;, fw;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; fw;wypd;
Mjutpdhyhd g[j;jhf;f r{Hy; mikg;g[fs; kw;Wk; epwtdj;jpd; eph;thfj;ij
Bkk;gLj;j g[jikahd jPh;t[fis Mfpatw;wpy; ftdk; brYj;JfpwJ.
uapy;Bt gzpkidfspy; naw;if vhptha[itg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf, bfapy; ne;jpah
epWtdj;Jldhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; ne;jpa uapy;Bt ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;sJ.
uapy;Bt gzpkidfspYk;, cw;gj;jpg;gphpt[fspYk; naw;if vhptha[itg; gad;gLj;Jk;
tifapy; fl;likg;g[trjpfis Vw;gLj;j ne;jpa uapy;Bta[k;, ne;jpa vhptha[
MizaKk; Mf!;l; 30 md;W g[Jbly;ypapy; cs;s uapy; gtdpy; xg;ge;jk;
bra;Jbfhz;ld.
nijaLj;J, ne;jpa uapy;Bt gzpkid cs;spl;litfspy; bjhHpypay; vhptha[f;fshd
fiuf;fg;gl;l mrpoypd;, LPG, ghuj; bgl;Buhypak; vhptha[, bjhHpypay; mLg;g[
vz;bza;, cah;Btf Ory; vz;bza; Mfpatw;Wf;F gjpyhf Rw;Wr;r{HYf;F cfe;j
naw;if vhptha[ gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
34
rh;tBjrk;
„tprh fhyk; Kotile;Jk; rl;ltpBuhjkhf jA;fpapUf;fk; btspehl;lth;fSf;F bghJ
kd;dpg;g[ jpl;lj;ij mwpKfk; bra;Js;s ehL – „If;fpa mug[ mkPufk;‟
nA;F ne;jpah, tA;fBjrk;, ghfp!;jhd;, Beghsk;, nyA;if cs;gl gy ehLfisr;
Brh;e;jth;fs; gzpahw;wp tUfpd;wdh;. ne;jpahtpypUe;J kl;Lk; 28 yl;rk; Bgh;, nA;F
gzpahw;Wfpd;wdh;.
1000f;Fk; BkyhBdhh; tprh fhyk; Koe;Jk; mA;F gzpahw;wp tUfpd;wdh;.
fle;j 10 Mz;Lfspy; If;fpa mug[ mkPufk; mwptpf;Fk;
3tJ bghJ kd;dpg;g[ jpl;lk; nJthFk;.
UK – d; g[jpa clYWg;g[ jhd jpl;lk;
ehl;oy; cs;s ne;jpa tHpj; Bjhd;wy; rK}fj;jpd; mtru clYWg;g[ Bjitapid
g{h;j;jp bra;tjw;fhf clYWg;g[ kw;Wk; jpR jhdj;jpw;fhd rl;lj;jpid khw;Wtjw;fhd
g[jpa jpl;la;fis If;fpa nuh$;$pak; (United kingdom – UK)
Vw;fdBt cs;s rl;lj;jpy; bra;ag;gl cs;s ne;j jpUj;jkhdJ, clYWg;g[ kw;Wk;
jpR jhdj;jpw;fhd nirtpd; g[jpa Kiwapid Kd;bkhHpfpwJ.
njakhw;W rpfpr;irapd; K}yk; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;l 10 taJ rpWtd; „khf;!; $hd;rdpd ;”
epidthf nr;rl;lk; khf;!pd; rl;lk; vd;wwpag;gLfpwJ.
jA;fspd; gphpakhdth;fspd; nwg;gpw;F gpwF cWg;g[ jhdk; bra;tjw;F
FLk;gj;jhuh;fspd; Kot[ xU tpUg;g chpik vd;gJ vd;gJ Bghd;w ne;jpahtpy; cs;s
Kiwia Vj;jthW nr;rl;lj;jpy; nizf;f ne;j khw;wA;fs; Kaw;rp bra;a[k;.
njd; fPH;, jdJ clYg;g[fis jhdk; bra;a tpUk;ghjth;fs; Bjrpa Rfhjhu
Britapd; (National Health Service – NHS) clYg;g[ jhdk; bra;gth;fs; gjpBtl;oy;
(Organ Donor Register – ODE) mth;fspd Koit gjpt[ bra;a Koa[k;.
flw;bfhs;isf;F vjpuhd ikaj;jpd; jiyikaplk; khw;wk; - IBuhg;gpa a{dpad;”.
flw;bfhs;isf;F vjpuhd „ ml;yhz;lh Buhe;J ikaj;jpd; jiyikafj;ij
yz;ldpypUe;J “!;bgapd;” JiwKfj;jpw;F khw;w IBuhg;gpa a{dpad; ehLfs; Kot[
bra;Js;sd.
ne;j jiyikapl khw;wk; 2019 khh;r; 29 md;W eilbgwtpUf;fpwJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
35
yz;lid ikakhff; bfhz;L Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; bfhk;g[ gFjpapy; bray;gLk; fly;rhh;
ghJfhg;g[ ikak; (Maritime Security Centre HDM of Africa) MdJ flw;gazj;jpd;
BghJ BrhkhypahtpypUe;J Vw;gLk; mr;RWj;jy;fs; Fwpj;J bjhptpf;Fk; ikak; MFk;.
ne;j ikaj;jpd; jiyikaplk; gpuhd;R JiwKfkhd gpbu!;tpw;F khw;wg;gltpUf;fpwJ.
2009-k; Mz;oy; !;bgapd; fg;gy; flj;jg;gl;lJ cs;gl Brhkhypaf; flByhug;
gFjpfspy; eilbgWk; fLikahd flw;bfhs;isfis vjph;j;J BghuhLtjw;fhf
ml;yhz;lhit 2008k; Mz;L IBuhg;gpa a{dpad; mikj;jJ.
Rje;jpukhd Mizaf; FG:-
kpahdkh; murhA;fkhdJ rpWghd;ikapduhd Buh#pA;ah K!;ypk; ndj;jpw;F vjpuhf
eilbgw;w kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; Fwpj;J tprhhpg;gjw;fhf xU Rje;jpukhd Mizaf;
FGit epakpj;Js;sJ.
nf;FGtpy; cs;s 4 cWg;gpdh;fs;
1. bfd;Brh Xrpkh - I.eht[f;fhd Kd;dhs; $g;ghdpaj; J]jh; kw;Wk;
I.ehtpd; Kd;dhs; kdpjhgpkhd tptfhuA;fSf;fhd
bghJj;Jizr; brayhsh;
2. BuhrhpBah kzByh - gpypg;igdpd; Kd;dhs; Jiz btspa[wt[ mikr;rh;
3. kpah bja;d - kpahd;kh; murpayikg;g[ ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;dhs;
jiyth;.
4. MA;Jd; bjl; - bghUshjhu ty;Yeh; kw;Wk; I.ehtpd; Kd;dhs;
mjpfhhp
Beghs – ne;jpa nyf;fpa tpHh
ne;jpa – Beghs ey;Ywt[fis tYg;gLj;Jk; Behf;BfhL Mf!;l; 12 md;W
Beghsj;jpy; cs;s tPufq;rpy; epfHhz;od; Beghs – ne;jpa nyf;fpa tpHh
eilbgw;wJ.
cyfpd; btWikahd tpkhd epiyak;: “kj;jy uh$gf;rh”
#k;gd; Bjhl;lhtpy; cs;s nyA;ifapd; nHg;g[ Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhz;oUf;Fk; kj;jy
uh$gf;rh rh;tBjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpid ne;jpah naf;f cs;sjhf nyA;if
cs;ehl;L tpkhd Bghf;Ftuj;jiw mikr;rh; mwptpj;Js;shh;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
36
btdpRyhtpd; ehzaj;jpypUe;J 5 g{$;$paA;fs; ePf;fk;
btdpRyh mjpgh; - „epf;Bfhy!; kJBuh‟
fhuzk; : ehl;od; gztPf;fj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ehzakhd bghyPthpypUe;J 5
g{$;$paA;fs; mfw;w Vw;ghL bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.
ghfp!;jhd; - nu&;ah xg;ge;jk;:-
eilbgw;w nlk; - uhty;gpz; o (ghfp!;jhd;)
u&;ahtpd; nuhZtg; gapw;rp epWtdA;fspy; ghfp!;jhdpd; gil cWg;gpdh;fs;
mDkjpf;fhf ghfp!;jhDk; u&;aht[k; xg;ge;jk; xd;wpy; ifbaGj;jpl;L cs;sd.
If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj chpikfSf;fhd cah; Mizah;
Bjh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;lth; : kpr;bry;By gr;bry;yl;il
Bjh;e;bjLj;jth; : md;BlhdpBah Fl;blu!; (I.eh-fspd; bghJ brayhsh;)
rpypapd; cah;e;j gjtpf;F Bjh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l Kjy; bgz;
ikj;hP – 2018:
“ne;jpah kw;Wk; jha;yhe;J” muR nuhZtk; Mfpatw;wpw;fpilBaahd Tl;L
nuhZtg; gapw;rp – ikj;hP 2018
elf;Fk; nlk; : jha;yhe;J
ikj;hP – 2018 – fhyhl;gil gphpt[fs; mlA;fpa gilg;gphpt[ epiy gapw;rp MFk;.
grpgpf; bgUKaw;rp – 2018:
gd;dhl;L bjhiy bjhlh;g[f;fhf nize;J brayhw;Wk; jpl;lj;jpd; (MCIP) fPH;
bjhiyj; bjhlh;g[g; gapw;rpahd “grpgpf; bgU Kaw;rp” – 2018 (Pacific endeavor – 2018 –
PE – 18) “Beghsj;jpd; fhj;kz;Ltpy;” bjhlA;fpaJ.
MCIP – Multinational Communications Interoperability
Beghsk; kw;wk; mbkhpf;fhtpd; grpgpf; jiyik (United States Pacific Command – USPC)
Mfpatw;wpd; nize;j Kaw;rpahFk;.
ghy!;jPdk; xU niwahz;ik muR – “bfhyk;gpah mA;;fPfhuk;”
mwptpj;jth; - mjpgh; “nthd; Lf;a{“ (bfhyk;gpah)
ghy!;jPdpa muir mA;fPfhpj;J “137tJ ehlhf bfhyk;gpah khwpa[s;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
37
#hA;fha; Tl;Lwt[ mikg;gpd; mikjpg; gapw;rp – 2018:
&hA;fha; Tl;Lwt[ mikg;gpd; mikjpg; gapw;rp 2018 nu&;ahtpd; kj;jpa nuhZtk;
Mizaj;jhy; u&;ahtpd; brypahgpd;!;f;fpd; brgh;Fy;ypy; Mf!;l; 22 Kjy;
Mf!;l; 29 tiu elj;jg;gltpUf;fpwJ.
cyfpd; Kjy; bjhlh; rA;fpyp gj;jpuk;:
KGtJk; rA;fpypj; bjhlh; bjhHpy; El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp cyfpd; Kjy; gj;jpuj;ij
(Bond) cyf tA;fp tpw;ft[s;sJ.
ne;j ghpkhw;wkhdJ M!;jpBuypah fhkd;bty;j; tA;fpa[ld; nize;J cyf tA;fpapd;
fz;Lgpog;g[ Ma;tfj;jpd; rpe;jidapy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.
2018 cyfshtpa thHj; jFe;j efu FwpaPL:-
bghUshjhu epg[zh; Ez;zwpt[ nyF (EIU) btspapl;Ls;s cyfshtpa thHj;jFe;j
efu FwpaPl;oy; cyfpd; 140 bghpa efuA;fspy; M!;jphpahtpd; jiyefukhd
“tpad;dh” Kjyplj;ijg; gpoj;Js;sJ.
2-k; nlk; - Melbourne (Australia)
3-k; nlk; - Osaka ( Japan)
4-k; nlk; - Calgary (Canada)
5-k; nlk; - Sydney (Australia)
Nuhd; eltof;iff; FG: (IAG):-
NuhDld; xUA;fpizg;g[ kw;Wk; jkJ ehl;od; bfhs;ifia Vw;gLj;j Nuhd;
eltof;iff; FG (IAG) xd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;fhf mbkhpf;f brayh; “ikf;Bghk;Bg”
mwptpj;Js;shh;.
jiyth;: “gpbua;d; #Pf;” (NuhDf;fhd rpwg;g[ gpujpepjp)
Behf;fk; : Nuhdpd; Ml;rpapd; elj;ijfis khw;WtBj MFk;.
#$; ahj;hPfh;fSf;F nytr jA;Fk; miw:
kpdhtpd; efuj;jpy; #$; ahj;hPfh;fSf;f nytr jA;Fk; miwfis “rt[jp
mBuhgpah” mwpKfg;gLj;jpa[s;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
38
tuyhw;W rpwg;g[kpf;f „vry k#h bgufuh‟ gz;oif
eilbgWk; nlk; : nyA;if
Behf;fk; : „epytsk; bgw kiH Btz;o tzA;FtBj‟ MFk;.
“Sea Prayer” vd;w g[j;jfj;jpd; Mrphpah; - fhbyj; b#hrpdp (Mg;gphpf;fhitg;
g{h;tPfkhf; bfhz;l mbkhpf;f ehtyhrphpah;)
2018 ffhL flw;gapw;rp – m!;jpBuypahtpy; bjhlf;fk;:
M!;jpBuypahtpd; lhh;tpd; efhpy;, “ffhL 2018” (KAKADU 2018) vd;w bgahpy;
“gd;Kf gpuhe;jpa flw;gapw;rp” bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ. “14tJ fhfL gapw;rp 2018”,
Mf!;l; 29 Kjy; brg;lk;gh; tiu eilbgWfpwJ.
Ivd;v!; rahj;jphp M!;jpBuypa flw;gil (Royal Australian Navy) elj;Jk; ne;j gd;Kf
flw;gapw;rpapy;, ne;jpa flw;gil fg;gy; Ivd;v!; rahj;jphp (INS Sahydari)
gA;Bfw;Ws;sJ.
6tJ RCEP th;j;jf mikr;rh;fs; re;jpg;gpy;, ne;jpa FGt[f;F jiyik tfpj;j kj;jpa
mikr;rh; - RBu&; gpug[:
ne;jpa, rPdh, $g;ghd;, bfhhpah, M!;jpBuypah kw;Wk; epa{rpyhe;J cs;spl;l 10
ASEAN ehLfs; kw;Wk; 6 ASEAN FTA Tl;lhspfis cs;slf;fpa RCEP th;j;jf
mikr;rh;fspd; re;jpg;g[ Mf!;L 30 md;W rpA;fg;g{hpy; bjhlA;fpaJ. njpy; fye;J
bfhz;l ne;jpa FGit kj;jpa th;j;jf kw;Wk; bjhHpw;Jiw kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L tpkhdg;
Bghf;Ftuj;J mikr;rh; RBu&; gpug[ jiyikjhA;fpdhh;.
cah;jukhd, rkr;rPuhd kw;Wk; cWg;g[ ehLfspd; czh;t[fs; kw;Wk; eyd;fis
fUj;jpy; bfhs;Sk; tpist[fis Behf;fpr; bray;gLtBj ne;jr; re;jpg;gpd;
Behf;fkhFk;. njpy;, jw;Bghija cyfshtpa bghUshjhu r{H;epiy Fwpj;J
mikr;rh;fs; tpthjpg;gh;. nijj; bjhlh;e;J, 15tJ ne;jpah – ASEAN bghUshjhu
mikr;rh;fs; re;jpg;g[ eilbgWk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
39
J]a vhprf;jp khw;wj;jpw;fhd g[jpa fz;Lgpog;g[ tphpthf;fj;jpw;fhf, rh;tBjr vhprf;jp
Kfika[ldhd (IEA) xg;ge;jj;jpy; ne;jpah ifbaGj;jpl;lJ. IEA‟tpd; jiyikafk; -
“ghhp!;”
J]a vhprf;jp khw;wj;jpw;fhd g[jpa fz;Lgpog;g[ tphpthf;fk; Fwpj;J caphp bjhHpy;El;gj;
Jiw mwptpay; kw;Wk; bjhHpy;El;g mikr;rfk;, rh;tBjr vhprf;jp Kfik Mfpait
Mf!;l; 30 md;W g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifbaGj;jpl;ld.
caphp bjhHpDl;gj;Jiw brayh; Dr. BuZ !;tU}g[k; rh;tBjr vhprf;jp Kfikapd;
eph;thf naf;Feh; Dr. |gj;jp gpBuhYk; ne;jg; g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;jj;jpy;
ifbgGj;jpl;ldh;.
IEA vd;gJ 30 ehLfis cWg;gpduhf; bfhz;l muRfSf;fpilapyhd xU
jd;dhl;rp mikg;ghFk;. nJ ek;gfkhd, kypthd & J]a;ikahd Mw;wYf;fhd
bfhs;if mwpt[iuahsuhf bray;gLfpwJ. njd; jiyikafk; ghhprpy;
mike;Js;sJ.
„SCO mikjpj;jpl;lk; - 2018‟ vd;w rh;tBjr gaA;futhj vjpg;g[g; gapw;rpia elj;Jk;
ehL – u&;ah
gd;dhl;L Tl;Lr;r{Hy; kw;Wk; efh;g;g[w r{Hypy;, gaA;futhj vjph;g;g[ eltof;iffis
ifahstjw;F SCO ehLfspd; Mz[jg;gilfSf;F gapw;rpaspg;gjw;fhf, &hA;fha;
xj;JiHg;g[ mikg;g[ (SCO) mikjpj; jpl;lk; - 2018 vd;w rh;tBjr gaA;futhj
vjpg;g[g; gapw;rp Mf!;l; 24 md;W u&;ahtpd; brgh;Fspy; bjhlA;fpaJ.
njpy;, ne;jpah, ghfp!;jhd; cl;gl SCO mikg;gpy; mA;fk; tfpf;Fk; midj;J
ehLfisr; Brh;e;j uhZt tPuh;fSk; gA;Bfw;Ws;sdh;. ne;jpah – ghfp!;jhd;
ghJfhg;g[g; gilapdh; nize;J Bkw;bfhs;Sk; Kjy; uhZtg;gapw;rp Kfhk; nJ
vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
jPtpurhjj; jhf;Fjy;fis Kwpaof;Fk; cj;jpfs; bjhlh;ghf njpy; gapw;rpaspf;fg;gl;L
tUfpwJ. njpy; rPdh, u&;ah, f$f!;jhd;, j$pfp!;jhd;, fph;fp!;jhd;, ne;jpah,
ghfp!;jhd;, Mfpa ehLfisr;Brh;e;j 3000 tPuh;fs; gA;Bfw;Ws;sdh;.
kprpkh Clf FGkk;, kpahd;kh; ehl;od; epWtdkhFk;
xypgug;g[ kw;Wk; cs;slf;f gfph;t[ xj;JiHg;g[f;fhf gpurhh; ghujp rkPgj;jpy;
kpahdkhpy; cs;s krpkh Clf FGkj;jldhd g[hpe;Jzh;t[ xg;ge;jj;jpy;
ifbgGj;jpl;lJ. ne;j xg;ge;jk;, gpurhh; ghujpapd; jiyik bray;mjpfhhp rrp
Brfh; Btk;gjp kw;Wk; krpkhtpd; Bkyhz; naf;Feh;, jiyik bra;jp Mrphpah;
MfpBahh; Kd;dpiyapy; ifbaGj;jhdJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
40
tpUJfs;
kj;jpa mwptpay; bjhHpy;El;gj; Jiwapd; „J C Bose Fellowship 2018‟ i#juhghj;
gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; JizBte;jh; mg;gh uht; BghoBy (Appa Rao Pidile)f;F
tHA;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rje;jpu jpd tpHh 2018- Fwpg;g[fs; tpUJfs;:
72-tJ Rje;jpu jpdj;ijbahl;o brd;id Bfhl;ilapy; Kjyikr;rh; vlg;gho f.
gHdprhkp Bjrpa bfho Vw;wp itj;jhh;. gy;BtW Jiwfspy; rpwe;j tpsA;fpath;fSf;F
tpUJfs; tHA;fp tHA;fg;gl;ld.
Rje;jpu Bguhl;l jpahfpfSf;fhd Xa;t{jpak; U}.15 Mapukhf cah;j;jg;gLk; vd;Wk;,
tpisahl;L tPuu;fSf;F muR Btiy tha;g;gpy; 2 rjtPjk; cs;xJf;fOL tHA;fg;gLk;
vd;Wk; mwptpj;jhh;.
lhf;lh; V.gp.B$ mg;Jy; fyhk; tpUJ – mz;zh gy;fiyf;fHf thd;btsp
Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpd; jf;&h FG:
lhf;lh; mg;Jy;fyhk; tpUJ, mz;zh gy;fiyf;fHf thd;btsp Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpd;
jf;&h FGtpdUf;F tHA;fg;gl;lJ.
mz;zh gy;fiyf;fHf bjhHpy; El;g tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; khw;wj;jpw;fhd ikaj;jpd;
naf;Fdh; v!;.jhkiu bry;tp, thd;btsp Muha;r;rp ika naf;Fdh; bre;jpy;Fkhh;
jpl;l MByhfh; #hp, jpl;l mwtpayhsh; KfkJ u&Pj; MfpBahhplk; tpUJ
tHA;fg;gl;lJ.
ne;j tpUJ U}.5 yl;rk; bjhif, 8 fpuhk; jA;fg;gjf;fk; kw;Wk; rhd;wpjH;
Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpajhFk;.
Jzpt[ kw;Wk; rhfrr; braYf;fhd fy;gdh rht;yh tpUJ – I.Kj;Jkhhp:
Bfhit khtl;lk;, thy;ghiw tl;lk;, bghpafy;yhh; fpuhkj;jpy; trpf;Fk; Kj;Jkhhp,
tPl;od; gpd;g[wk; rpWj;ij g[ypia jdp Mshf moj;J tpul;odhh;.
jdJ capiua[k; bghUl;gLj;jhky;, Jzpr;rYld; rpWj;ij g[ypia tpul;o jdJ
kfis fhg;ghw;wpa braYf;fhf Kj;Jkhhpf;F Jzpt[ kw;Wk; rhfr braYf;fhd
nt;tpUJ tHA;fg;gl;lJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
41
ne;jpa rh;tBjr tpsk;gu rA;fj;jpd; (IAAI)‟ Mz;od; rpwe;j tpsk;gujhuh;‟tpUJ –
“mKy;” (Amul)
„mKy;‟vd;w tzpfg; bgaUld; ghy; kw;Wk; ghy; bghUl;fis re;ijg;gLj;jptUk;
F$uhj; Tl;Lwt[ ghy; tpw;gid Tl;likg;g[f;F, ne;jpa rh;tBjr tpsk;gu rA;fj;jpd;
(IAAI) Mz;od; rpwe;j tpsk;gujhuh;‟ (Marketer of the year) tpUJ tHA;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
F$uhj;ij Brh;e;j 36 yl;rk; ghy; cw;gj;jpahsh;fspd; rhh;ghf, GCMMF epWtdj;jpd;
Bkyhz;ik naf;Feh; RS.Brhjp nt;tpUjpid bgw;Wf; bfhz;lhh;.
Bkh#d; gfd; uj;dh tpUJ:
1977-k; Mz;oy; Bkh#d; gfd; gPBytpd; fh!;Bkh!; mzpf;F bjhpt[
bra;ag;gl;lBghJ Rg;ujh gl;lhr;rhh;aht[ld; Brh;e;J ika jw;fhg;g[ B$hoia
cUthf;fpa “gpujPg; brsjhhp” mth;fSf;F $piy 29 md;W rA;fj;jpd; 129tJ
Mz;L tpHhtpy; „Bkh#d; gfd; uj;dh‟ tpUJ tHa;fg;gl;lJ.
“Mzlod; rpwe;j fphpf;bfl; tPuh;‟ – Rjpg; rl;lh;$pf;
“Mz;od; rpwe;j fhy;ge;jhl;l tPuh; - &py;ld; ghY
“Mz;od; rpwe;j msk; fhy;ge;jhl;l tPuh;” – brsut; jhR
nA;fpyhe;J – gpuhd;!; fhy;thia ePe;jpf; fle;j Kjy; Mrpah; - :gpughj; Bfhyp”.
16 tajpy; MA;fpyf; fhy;thia ePe;jpf; fle;j kfhuh&;ouj;ij Brh;e;j gpughj; Bfhyp
(19), b$h;rpapypUe;J (nA;fpyhe;jpYs;s xU jPt[) gpuhd;!; tiuapyhd fhy;thia
ePe;jpf;fle;j Kjy; Mrpaudhh;.
25f.kP ePskila nf;fhy;thia gpughj; 6 kzp Beuk; 54 epkplA;fspy; ePe;jpf;
fle;jhh;.
g[fH;kpf;f gPy;l;!; tpUJ – “m&a; btA;fBl&;”
“m&a; btA;fBl&;-f;F (fzpjtpayhsh;) hpBah o b$dpBuhtpy; eilbgw;w
fzpjtpayhUf;fhd fhA;fpu!; khehl;oy; gPy;l;!; tpUJ tHA;fg;gl;lJ.
nt;tpUJ fzpjj;jpw;fhd Behgy; ghpR vd;Wk; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
3tJ BRICS jpiug;gl tpHhtpy;, „rpwe;j jpiug;glj;Jf;fhd tpUJ‟ btd;w ehL –
“ne;jpah”
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
42
“bjd;dhg;gphpf;fhtpYs;s lh;gdpy;, $Piy 22 Kjy; 27 tiu rh;tBjr lh;gd;
jpiugl tpHht[ld; (DIFF) epfHhz;Lf;fhd BRICS jpiug;gl tpHh ele;jJ.
jpUtpHhtpd; filrp ehs; ne;jpa ehl;od; jpdkhf bfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.
BRICS ehLfisr; Brh;e;j cyfj;juk; tha;e;j jpiug;glA;fis bfhz;lhLtBj
nt;tpHhtpd; mog;gil Behf;fkhFk;.
jpiug;glA;fs; Bghl;oapLk; gphptpy; fye;J bfhs;Sk; jpiug;glA;fs;
1. epa{l;ld; 2. tpy;By$; uhf;!;lhu!;
jpiug;glA;fs; Bghl;oaplhg; gphptpy; fye;J bfhs;Sk; jpiug;glA;fs;
1. rpq;rhh; 2. ghdhafk;
„epa{l;ld;‟ jpiug;glj;jpd; naf;Feh; - “mkpj; kr{h;fhh ;”
„tpy;By$; uhf;!;lhh;!; jpiug;glj;jpd; naf;Feh; - “jpkh jh!;”
24tJ uh$Pt; fhe;jp rj;gtdh tpUJ:
rK}f xw;Wik, mikjp, ey;ypzf;fk; Mfpatw;iw Cf;ftpf;f BfhghyfpU&;z fhe;jp
mspj;j gA;fspg;ig ghuhl;Lk; tifapy;, 24tJ uh$Pt;fhe;jp rj;ghtdh tpUJf;F
Bkw;F tA;f Kd;dhs; MSeh ; “BfhghyfpU&;z $t#h; gtdpy; BfhghyfpU&;z
fhe;jpf;F nt;tpUJ tHA;fg;gLk;.
U}10 yl;rk; kw;Wk; rhd;wpjH; tHA;fg;gLk;.
Kd;dhs; gpujkh; uh$Pt; fhe;jp rK}f xw;Wik, mikjpia Cf;Ftpf;f mspj;j
gA;fspf;if epidt[TUk; tifapy; mtuJ gpwe;jehshd Mf!;l; 20 md;W
Mz;LBjhWk; “uh$Pt; fhe;jp rj;gtdh” tpUJ tHA;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
rpwe;j ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;fhd tpUJfs;:
5 ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fSf;F rpwe;j ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;fhd tpUij FoauRj;
jiyth; uhk;ehj; Bfhtpe;j; tHA;fpdhh;.
1. e$;kh A b#g;Jy;yh (kzpg;g{hpd; MSeh; - 2013)
2. #Pf;Tk;Bjt; ehuhaz; ahjt; (PJP-d; kf;fsit cWg;gpdh; - 2014)
3. fyhk; egp Mrhj; (fhA;fpu!; jiyth; - 2015)
4. jpBd&; jphpBtjp (jphpzhK}y; fhA;fpu!; jiyth; - 2016)
5. guj;JU#hp k#hjg; (Byhf; gp$P $djh jy; - 2017)
nt;tpUJ 1992-k; Mz;L mg;Bghija Byhf; rigapd; rghehafh; “rptuh$;
ghl;Oy;” vd;gtuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
43
nt;tpUJ nJtiu 18 rpwe;j ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fSf;F tHA;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nt;tpUJ bgw;w Kjy; egh; - rkh$;thjp $djh fl;rpiar; Brh;e;j “re;jpu Brfh;”
Mthh;.
“kh!;lh; br|g; M!;jpBuypah” gl;lk; btd;wth; - „rrp bry;iyah‟
rpA;fg;g{hpy; gpwe;J tsh;e;J, jkpH;ehl;od; kJiuia g{h;tPfkhff; bfhz;l “rrp
bry;iyah (39 taJ)”, fle;j 2012-k; Mz;L M!;jpBuypahtpw;F Fobgah;e;jhh;.
nth; jw;BghJ moiyl;oy; cs;s rpiwrhiyapy; ghJfhtyuhf gzpg[hpe;J
tUfpwhh;.
„rk;gy; nwhy;‟ – bjhlf;f tif czt[
„kPd;FHk;g[ + rPufr; rhjk; - nWjpr; Rw;W czt[
ghpR - $ 2,50,000 lhyh; (1.7 Bfho)
“#pe;J ehlf Mrphpah; tpUJ” bgw;w ne;jpa vGj;jhsh; - “ md;dp irjp”
ehlfj;jpd; bgah; : Untitled
14tJ #pe;J ehlf tpHh eilbgw;w nlk; : jh$; Bfhukz;l;
tpUJ tHA;fpath; : uj;dh gjf; &h (eofh; & naf;Feh;)
2008-k; Mz;oy; epWtg;gl;L, U} 2 yl;rk; buhf;fg;ghpRila ne;j tpUJ, rpwe;j
mryhd, btspaplg;glhj kw;Wk; eoj;Jf;fhl;lg;glhj MA;fpy ehlfj;jpw;F
tHA;fg;gLk;.
tpf;f;pg;gPoah gjpg;gpy; nlk;bgw;Ws;s Kjy; ne;jpag; gHA;Fo bkhHp : “re;jhsp”
(Santhali)
ghh;r;r{dpd; (Fortune) ‟40-d; fPH; 40‟ juthpir
tzpfj;jpy; 40 taJf;F fPH; cs;s kpft[k; bry;thf;F tha;e;j nsk; jiyKiwf;fhd
tUlhe;jpu juthpir ‟40-d; fPH; 40‟ vd;w thpirapid ghhr;r{d; njH;
btspapl;Ls;sJ.
KfE]ypd; rf epWtdk; kw;Wk; Kjd;ik bray; mYtyh; khh;f; Rfh;bgh;f;Fld;
nd;!;lhfpuhkpd; rf epWtdh; kw;Wk; Kjd;ik bray; mYtyh; bftpd; rp!;l;Buhk; 40-
d; fPH; 40 gl;oaypy; Kjyplj;jpid gfph;e;J bfhs;fpd;wdh;.
2tJ nlk; : Byhfd; f;hPd; & $hd; rpk;kh;
3tJ nlk; : bka; r{thd; & thA;f; rpA;
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
44
4tJ nlk; : jpt;ah r{h;aBjtuh
24tJ nlk; g$Pgj;
32tJ nlk; : mz Jfy;
14tJ nlk; : mq;ryp rj;
g[j;jpf; Th;ikf;fhd cyfg; gl;oaypy; bfhy;fj;jh egh; Kd;dpiy
43 taJila bfhy;fj;jhitr; Brh;e;j K}j;j epg[zuhd “mkPj; rfha ;” bgUikkpf
g[j;jpf; Th;ikf;fhd cyfg; gl;oaypy; 148 g[s;spfs; bgw;W nuz;L
mbkhpf;fh;fSld; Brh;e;J Kjyplj;ijg; gpoj;;jpUf;fpd;whh;.
2018 my;ghdp kUj;Jt ikag; ghpR:
B$k;!; myprd;
fhh;y; $Pd; mbkhpf;fhitr; Brh;e;jth;fs;
!;Otd; Buhrd; bgh;f;
bfhy;fj;jh tpisahl;L gj;jphpf;ifahsh;fs; kd;w tUlhe;jpu tpUJfs;:
tUlj;jpd rpwe;j tpisahl;L tPuh; - “Rdpy; Brj;hp”
ehl;od; rpwe;j nsepiy tp,tPuh; - “n&ghd; Bghbuy;”
thH;ehs; rhjidahsh; tpUJ – “MBuhd; Bfh&; mUz;yhy;”. mf;jh;; myp
rpwe;j jlfs tPuh; (Mz;) - r|gpFy; kz;ly;
rpwe;j jlfs tPuh; (bgz;) - igutp uha;
g[ifapiy xHpg;g[ tpUJ 2018 – WHO:
bly;yp murpd; cly;ey TLjy; naf;Feuhd “S.K mBuhuhtpw;F” kjpg;g[kpf;f WHO
g[ifapiy xHpg;g[ jpd tpUJ 2018 tHA;fg;gl;lJ.
WHO cyf g[ifapiy vjph;g;g[ ehs; tpUJ:
bly;yp murpd; TLjy; Rfhjhu naf;Feuhd “S.K mBuhuht[f;F, g[ifapiy
fl;Lg;ghl;il Behf;fpa mtuJ mjPj gA;fspg;ig bfsutpf;Fk; tpjkhf nt;tpUJ
tHA;fg;gl;lJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
45
tHA;fpath; - WHO jiyth; “b#A; bgBfjk;”
tHA;fg;gl;l nlk; - g[Jbly;yp
tpisahl;L
rh;tBjr nuhZt tpisahl;Lf;fs;:
epfHhz;Lf;fhd rh;tBjr nuhZt – tpisahl;Lf;fis elj;Jk; ehLfs;:
1. mrh;ig$hd;
2. Mh;kPdpah
3. bgyhu!;
4. Nuhd;
5. f$f!;jhd;
6. rPdh
7. u&;ah Mfpa 7 ehLfspy; cs;s 24 gapw;rp ikjhdA;fspy; eilbgWfpd;wd.
Kjy; Kiwahf NuhDk; , Mh;kPdaht[k;‟ nuhZt tpisahl;Lg; Bghl;ofis
elj;Jfpd;wd.
njpy; mygpBdh, kh!;Bfh gFjpfspy; eilbgWk;, „Tank Biathlon epfH;tpYk;, fhfr!;
kiyfspd; eilbgWk; vy;g;U!; tisa Bghl;ofspYk; ne;jpah fye;J bfhs;Sk;,
njd; bjhlf;f tpHhtpy;, u&;aht[f;fhd ne;japh J]jh; „gA;f$; ruz; fye;Jf;
bfhz;lhh;.
rh;tBjr bld;dp!; Bghl;oapy; rpwe;J tpsA;Fk; tPuhA;fidfSf;fhd juthpir
gl;oay; WTA btspapl;lJ.
njpy; xw;iwah; gphptpy;, ne;jpahtpd; “fh;khd; bfsh; jz;o” 232-tJ nlj;jpypUe;J
Kjd;Kiwahf 200tJ nlj;Jf;F Kd;Bdwpa[s;shh;. njd;K}yk; bgz;fs; xw;iwah;
gphpt[ juthpirapy; Kjy; 200 nlj;Jf;fhd gl;oaypy; nlk; gpoj;j 6tJ ne;jpa
tPuhA;fidahdhh;.
#ha;fhA;fpy; ele;j ITF bjhlhpy; fh;khd; jdJ KjyhtJ gl;lj;ij ifg;gw;wpdhh;.
Vw;bfdBt ne;jpah rhh;gpy; epUgkh itj;aehjd;, &pfh cBguha;, Rdpjh uht;,
mA;fpjh rhdpah kph;rh MfpBahh; Kjy; 200 nlj;Jf;fhd gl;oaypy;
nlk;gpoj;jpUe;jdh;. mjpy; rhdpah, fle;j 2017-y; btspahd juthpirapy; 27-tJ
nlk;gpoj;jpUe;jhh;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
46
epfHhz;od; Mz;fs; #hf;fp cyfBfhg;igf;fhf, Bjrpa mstpyhd 360° Bfhz
tpsk;gu gug;g[iuia bjhlA;fpa[s;s khepy muR – „xorh‟
epfHhz;od; Mz;fs; #hf;fp cyfBfhg;igf;fhf urpfh;fis Nh;f;Fk; tifapy;
360°Bfhz Bjrpa mstpyhd tpk;gu gug;g[iuia “Heartboats for Hockey” vd;w
bgahpy; “xorh” khepy muR bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
ne;j „Heart Beat‟, #hf;fp tPuh;f;s kw;Wk; ty;Yeh;fSf;fhd „Heart Adda‟ vDk;
tpthj jsj;jpd; K}yk; ehblA;Fk; bfhz;L bry;yg;gLk;, ne;j tpHh etk;gh; 28 Kjy;
ork;gh 16 tiu „g[tBd!;thpy ;‟ cs;s „fypA;fh muA;fj;jpy; eilbgwt[s;sJ.
ghl;kpz;ld; cyf rhkpgad;&pg; Bghl;o:
bgz;fs; gphptpy;, eilbgw;w nlk; - ed;$pA; (rPdh)
btw;wp - fBuhypdh bkhpd; (!;bgapd;)
Mz;fs; gphptpy; btw;wp - bfd;Blh bkhbkhlh ($g;ghd;)
ICC juthpirg; gl;oay; - tpuhl;Bfhyp Kjyplk;:
nA;fpyhe;jpw;F vjpuhd Kjy; bl!;l; Bghl;oapy; Bfhyp moj;j 200 ud;fshdJ ICC
bl!;l; juthpirapy; mtUf;F Kjyplj;ij bgw;W bfhLj;Js;sJ.
jd; ghypdj;jth; tpisahl;Lfs; - ghhP!;
gpuhd;!; ehl;od; ghhP!; efuj;jpy; 10tJ jd; ghypdj;jth; tpisahl;Lfs;
elj;jg;gl;ld.
1982-y; rhd;gpuhdrp!;Bfhtpy; mwpKfk; bra;ag;gl;ljpypUe;J „ehd;F‟ Mz;LfSf;F
xUKiw elj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
jd; ghypdj;jth; tpisahl;LfSf;fhd Tl;likg;g[ nt;tpisahl;od; 1tJ
gjpg;gpw;fhd jykhf „#ha;fhA;if‟ Bjh;t[ bra;Js;sJ.
14tJ bgz;fs; cyfBfhg;ig #hf;fp 2018:
2018-k; Mz;od; bgz;fs; #hf;fp cyff; Bfhg;igapd; nWjp Ml;lj;jpy;,
btw;wp – bejh;yhe;J (8tJ Kiw btw;wp)
Bjhy;tp – mah;yhe;J
cyf ghl;kpz;ld; rhk;gpad;&pg; 2018:-
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
47
Mlth; xw;iwath; gphpt[:
eilbgw;w nlk; - rPdh
btw;wp: - bfd;Blh BkhBlhlh ($g;ghd;)
Mlth; nul;ilah; gphpt[:
btw;wp : - yp $Pd;Fa; kw;Wk; ypa[ a{r;brd; (rPdh)
kfsph; nul;ilah; gphpt[:
btw;wp – ka{kj;RkhBlh tf;fhdhf ehf#uh – ($g;ghd;)
fyg;g[ nul;ilah; gphpt[:
btw;wp – BrA;f; rpBta; #ptha; ahfpahA; - (rPdh)
2018 RBC fdlhtpd; Xgd; Bfhy;g; gl;lk;:
Fdlhtpd; xf;tpy;ypapd; fp!d; mBgBfhy;g; rA;fj;jpy; eilbgw;w 2018-k;
Mz;ow;fhd RBC fdlhtpd; Xgd; tpisahl;oy; “l!;od; $hd;rd;”btw;wp
bgw;Ws;shh;.
BRICS U – 17 fhy;ge;J 2018
1 tajpw;Fl;gl;l BRICS bgz;fs; fhy;ge;J Bghl;o bjd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpd;
B$hfd;!;bgh;f;fpy; elj;jg;gl;lJ.
btw;wpahsh; - gpBurpy;
2-k; nlk; - rPdh
F1 #a;Bfhpa fpuhz;l; gphpf;!; Bghl;oapy; btd;wth;: - yPt[!; #hkpy;ld;”
F1 fhh;ge;jaj;jpd; #A;Bfhpa fpuhz;l; gphpf;!; Rw;wpy; bkh;rpl!; AMG bgl;Buhdh!;
mzpapd; tPuuhd yPtp!; #hkpy;ld; btw;wp bgw;Ws;shh;.
nJ mth; bty;Yk; 6tJ #A;Bfhpa fpuhz;l; gphpf;!; gl;lKk;, xl;Lbkhj;jkhf
“67tJ gl;lk;” MFk;.
|gp$p rh;tBjr Bfhy;|g; gl;lj;ij btd;wth; - “ffd;$Pj; g[y;yg;
ffd;$Pj; g[y;yh; (ne;jpah) bty;Yk; KjyhtJ IBuhg;gpa gl;lKk;, 9tJ Mrpa
gl;lKk;, xl;Lbkhj;jkhf 10tJ rh;tBjr gl;lKk; MFk;.
M!;jpBuByrpah gl;lj;ij bty;Yk; Kjy; ne;jpaUk; nth; jhd;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
48
ne;jpa ehl;od; bgz;fs; mzp, Mrpa ehLfs; br!;Bfhg;igapd; Blitz epfH;tpy;,
jA;fk; btd;Ws;sJ.
ng;Bghl;o ele;j nlk; - Nuhd; (#khjhd;)
2014 – k; Mz;Lf;F gpwF ng;ghptpy; ne;jpah gjf;fk; bty;fpwJ.
Blitz gphptpy; - jA;f gjf;fk;
Rapid gphptpd; - bts;sp gjf;fk;
kug[g; gphptpd; - btz;fy gjf;fk;
rh;tBjr g[tpapay; Bee cyf rhk;gpad;&pg;gpd $Pdpah; gphptpy; btd;w ne;jpa –
mbkhpf;fh; - “mtpBfhay;” (Avi Goel)
ng;Bghl;o eilbgw;w nlk; - “bgh;ypd;”
mtpBfhay; (14) gs;spf;Tlk; - fypBghh;dpah (rpy;th; f;hPf; cah;epiyg;gs;sp)
mtpBfhay; 10-k; tFg;g[ goj;Jf;bfhz;oUf;fpwhh;.
ng;Bghl;oia rh;tBjr fy;tprhh; Bghl;o mikg;g[ elj;jpaJ.
IBuhg;gpa jlfs rhk;gpad;&pg;:
My;$Phpa tk;rhtspiar; Brh;e;j xU gpbuq;R nilbjhiyt[ Xl;lg;ge;ja tPuuhd
Mahiedine Mekhissi, Mf!;l; 9 md;W bgh;tpdpy;” ele;j epfHhz;od; IBuhg;gpa jlfs
rhk;gpad;&g;gpy;, Mz;fs; 3000kP, gy jil jhz;lypy; (Steeplechase) jA;fk;
btd;whh;.
nJ mth; bty;Yk; 5tJ IBuhg;gpa gl;lkhFk;.
Mrpa mstpyhd Take Solutions Masters Bfhy;g; bjhlhpd; ns tajpy; gl;lk; btd;w
ne;jpa tPuh; - “tpuh$; klg;gh;”
ghpR bjhif : $ 63,000 mbkhpf;f lhyh;
ele;j nlk; : bgA;fSU
taJ : 20 taJ
njw;F Kd; nsk; tajpy; Mrpa bjhlhpy; gl;lk; btd;wth; - ffd;$pj; g[y;yh; (21) –
ne;BjhBdrpah bjhlhpy; btd;whh;)
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
49
$Pdpah; NBA cyf Tilg;ge;jhl;l rhkpgpad;&pg; rK}f tpUij btd;w ne;jpa tPuh; -
“Rdp&;fh fhh;j;jpf;”
Community Award - Rdp&;fh fhh;j;jpf; (bgA;fSU)
ele;j nlk; - mbkhpf;fhtpd; Xh;yhz;Blht[f;F mUBf thy;l; o!;dp cyf
bghGJBghf;F efuj;jpy; cs;s ESPN tpisahl;luA;fpy; eilbgw;wJ.
cyf nisBahh; !;Fth&; rhk;gpad;&pg; - 2018
eilbgw;w nlk; : brd;id
rhk;gpad; gl;lk; : vfpg;jpd; Bjrpa nisBahh; !;Fth&; mzp
ne;jpah 11tJ nlk; bgw;Ws;sJ.
epfH;t[ btw;wpahsh; nuz;lhkplk;
1. Mz;fSf;fhd jdpegh; K!;jgh mry; (vfpg;J) kh;thd; jBuf; (vfpg;J)
2. bgz;fSf;fhd jdpegh; Buhtd; vyhuh (vfpg;J) #hdpah vy; #khkp
vfpg;J
3. Mz;fSf;fhd mzp vfpg;J nA;fpyhe;J
th&pA;ld; Xgd; (bld;dp!;) 2018 (m) rpl;o Xgd; 2018:
eilbgWk; nlk;: uhf; f;hPf; ghh;f; bld;dp!; ikak; (mbkhpf;fh)
epfH;t[ btw;wpahsh; nuz;lhkplk;
1. Mlth; xw;iwah; mbyf;!hz;lh; btBut; mbyf;!; o kpdht[h‟
gphpt[ btBut; (b$h;kdp) (M!;jpBuypah)
2. bgz;fs; xw;iwah; !;btl;yhdh F!;bel; Blhdh Btjpf; (FBuhrpd;)
gphpt[ Brhth (u&;ah)
3. Mz;fd; nul;ilah; B$kp Kh;Bu (UK) ikf; gpuahd; (mbkhpf;fh)
gphpt[ g[UBdh Brhah;!; vl;th;l; Buh$h; thrypd;
(gpBurpy;) niz (gpuhd;!;) niz
4. bgz;fs; nul;ilah; #d; rpd;a[d; (rPdh) mbyf;!h Fturp (rpyp)
gphpt[ lhp$h $Puhf; (FBuh&pah) vhpd; U}l;ypgp (epa{rpyhe;J)
niz niz
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
50
Bkrp – ghh;rpByhdhtpd; mzpj; jiyth;:
g[jpa mzpj; jiyth; : ypBahdy; bkrp
Jiz mzpj; jiyth; : brh;$pBah g!;Fl;!;
ITF Futures MltUf;fhd bld;dp!; Bghl;o:
eilbgw;w nlk; : ne;BjhBdrpah
btw;wpahsh; : epf;fp g{dr;rh (ne;jpah)
nuz;lhkplk; : ikf;Bfy; (M!;jpBuypah)
blhuhz;Blh kh!;lh;!;:
btw;wpahsh; : uBgy; elhy; (!;bgapd;)
nuz;lhkplk; : !;Obgdha; rpl;rpgh!;
32 tajhd !;bgapuzh; Brh;e;j uBgy; elhy; -f;F
- cah;ju kh!;lh; epiyapd; 33tJ btw;wp
- xl;Lbkhj;j mstpy; 30tJ btw;wp
ne;jpahtpd; 53tJ fpuhz;l; kh!;lh;:
btw;wpahsh; : ep#hy; rhpd;
ELO kjpg;g[ : 2556 g[s;spfs;
br!; tuyhw;wpy; 12tJ nisa fpuhz;l; kh!;lh; gl;lk; btd;wth; Mthh;.
2tJ fpuhz;l; kh!;lh; : gpuf;dh ee;jh
3tJ fpuhz;l; kh!;lh; : rhpd; (Bfush)
4tJ fpuhz;l; kh!;lh; : G.N. Bfhghy;
5tJ fpuhz;l; kh!;lh; : S.L ehuhazd;
bgz;fs; fpuhz;l; kh!;lh; : R. itrhyp (17taJ) (hPfh bjhHpy;El;g gy;fiyf;fHf
Xgd; br!; Bghl;o)
SAFF 15 taJf;Fl;gl;l kfsph; rhk;gpd;&pg;:
btw;wpahsh; : ne;jpah
eilbgw;w nlk; : g{lhd; (jpk;g[)
nJ SAFFd; 2tJ 15 taJf;Fl;gl;l kfsph; rhk;gpad;&pg; Bghl;oahFk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
51
SAFF vd;gJ 7 bjw;fhrpa ehLfs; Brh;e;j Tl;likg;g[ MFk;.
Mrpa tpisahl;Lf;fs; - 18tJ gjpg;g[:
bjhlA;fg;gl;l nlk; : ne;BjhBdrpah ($fh;j;jh)
eilbgWk; ehs; : Mf!;l; 18 Kjy; brg;lk;gh; 2 tiu
18th
ASIAN GAMES JAKARTA PALEMBANG 2018:
Nl;o vwpa[k; tPuh; “ePu$; Brhg;uh” jiyikapy; ne;jpaf; FG fye;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.
ne;jpahtpd; 53tJ br!; fpuhz;l;kh!;luhd : ep#y; rhpd; „Bfush‟ khepyj;ijf;
Brh;e;jtuhthh;.
taJ – 14
12tJ nisa fpuhz;l; kh!;lh; vd;w bgUikiaa[k; bgw;Ws;shh;.
ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; $Pdpah; cyfBfhg;ig irf;fps; Bghl;o bjhlhpy;, ne;jpahtpd;
rhh;gpy; MltUf;fhd bfa;ud; gphptpy; „vBrh My;gd;‟ tJ nlk; gpoj;J bts;sp
gjf;fk; btd;whh;.
eilbgw;w nlk; - Rtpr;rh;yhe;J
vBrh My;gd; Ch; - me;jkhd; & epBfhgh; jPt[
18tJ $fhh;j;jh Mrpa tpisahl;lg; Bghl;oapy;,ne;jpaht[f;fhd Kjy; jA;fj;ij
btd;Ws;s tPuh; “g$;uA; g[dpah”.
Mlth; „g;hP!;ily;” ky;a[j;jk; 65fp, gphptpy; jA;fk; btd;whh;.
18tJ Mrpa tpisahl;Lg; Bghl;ofspy; ne;jpaht[f;fhf jA;fk; btd;w Kjy; ky;a[j;j
tPuhA;fid “tpBd&; Bghfj;”
eilbgw;w nlk; :- “ne;BjhBdrpah”
50j vilg;ghpt[ - jA;fk;
10kP Vh; iugps; epfH;tpy; “jPgf;Fkhh;” – bts;sp gjf;fk;.
$fhh;j;jh Mrpa tpisahl;Lfspy;
10kP Vh; gp!;ly; - brsug; brsjhhp (16) – jA;f gjf;fk;
50kP (Mz;fs;) iugps; 3 bghrprd; - rq;rPt; uh$;g[j; - bts;sp gjf;fk;
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
52
25kP (bgz;fs;) gp!;ly; - u#p rh;Bdhgj; - jA;f gjf;fk;
lg[s; ouhg; (Mz;fs;) - &h;Jy; tp#hd; - bts;sp gjf;fk;
2018 $fhh;j;jh Mrpa tpisahl;Lg; Bghl;ofspy; 68fp |g;hP!;ily; ky;a[j;j gphptpy;
btz;fyk; btd;wth; - “ jpt;ah ff;ud ;
Mrpa tpisahl;Lg; Bghl;oapy; jA;fk; btd;w Kjy; ne;jpa b#g;lj;yl; - Rtg;dh
gh;kd;
$hfh;j;jhtpy; ele;j Mrpa tpisahl;Lfspy;, bgz;fs; „ b#g;lj;yhd;‟ gphptpy;
ne;jpa tPuhA;fid Rtg;dh gh;kd; 6026 g[s;spfs;bgw;W jA;fg;gjf;fk; btd;whh;.
„be#g;lj;jy;, nl;obawpjy;, 800kP.,Xl;lk; cl;gl 7 jlfs Bghl;ofis
cs;slf;fpaJ.
;b#g;lj;yhd;‟ Bghl;oapy; jA;fk; btd;w Kjy; ne;jpah; vd;w tuyhW gilj;jhh;
Rtg;dh.
18tJ Mrpag;Bghl;ofspy;, 48 Mz;Lfspy; ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; Mz;fSf;fhd 3
Kiw jhz;Ljypy; jA;fk; btd;w tPuh; - mh;gpe;jh; rpA;
$hhfh;j;jhtpy; ele;j Mrpa tpisahl;Lg;Bghl;oapd; 3 Kiw jhz;Ljy; gphpt[
nWjpg;Bghl;oapy;, ne;jpa tPuh; mh;gpe;jh; rpA; 16.77kP., J]uk; jhz;o jA;fk;
btd;whh;. njw;FKd; filrpahf 1970+k; Mz;L ghA;fhf; Mrpa
tpisahlLg;Bghl;oapy; ne;jpa tPuh; bkhfpe;jh; rpA; fpy; Kk;Kiw jhz;Ljy; gphptpy;
jA;fg;gjf;fk; btd;wpUe;jhh;. mjd;gpd; 48 Mz;LfSf;Fg;gpd; ng;BghJ ne;jpah
jA;fk; btd;Ws;sJ.
18tJ Mrpa tpisahl;Lg; Bghl;ofspy;, bgz;fs; xw;iwah; gphptpy; btz;fyj;ij
btd;w ne;jpa bgz; bld;dp!; tPuhA;fid – mA;fpjh bua;dh
$hfh;j;jh Mrpag;Bghl;ofspy;, bld;dp!; bgz;fs; xw;iwah; gphpt[ Ml;lj;jpy;
ne;jpahtpd; mA;fpjh bua;dh, rPdhtpd; rhA; Rthaplk; 6-4, 7-6 vd Beh; brl;fspy;
Bghuo Bjhyptpaile;J btz;fyk; btd;whh;.
Mrpa tpisahl;Lf;fspy; rhdpaht[f;F gpd; bgz;fs; xw;iwah; gphptpy; gjf;fk;
bty;Yk; 2tJ bgz; mA;fpjh.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
53
2018 $hfh;j;jh Mrpa tpisahl;Lfspy;, Mz;fs; Fz;blwpjy; epfH;tpy; jA;fk;
btd;w Bj$pe;jh; ghy; rpA; J]h;, 20.75 kP. J]uk; Fz;blwpe;J g[jpa Mrpa
rhjidia gilj;Js;shh;.
nJ Mrpa tpisahl;Lg; Bghl;ofspy; g[jpa rhjidahFk;. njw;F Kd;dh;, 2010-k;
Mz;L FthA;brstpy; ele;j Bghl;oapy;, rt{jp mBufpahitr; Brh;e;j Ry;jhd;
mg;Jy; k$Pj; my;-b#g;&p, 20.57kP.J[uk; Fz;blwpe;jBj rhjidahf nUe;jJ.
|bgsthl; kph;rh FjpiuBaw;wk; tpisahl;Lld; bjhlh;g[ilath;
$hfh;j;jh Mrpa rpisahl;Lg;Bghl;ofspy;, 26.40 g[s;spfs; bgw;w bgA;fSUitr;
Brh;e;j |bgsthl; kph;rh, FjpiuBaw;wj;jpy; bts;sp btd;whh;. 36 Mz;LfSf;Fg;gpd;
Mrpa tpisahl;Lg; Bghl;ofspy;, FjpiuBaw;w jdpg;gphptpy; gjf;fk; btd;w Kjy;
ne;jpauhf kph;!h cs;shh;.
Mrpa tpisahl;Lg;Bghl;ofspy;, ghl;kpz;ld; nWjpg;Bghl;oapy; Kjd;Kjyhf
EiHe;Js;s ne;jah; - P.V. rpe;J.
$hfh;j;jhtpy; ele;j Mrpa tpisahl;Lg; Bghl;ofspy; ghl;kpz;ld; bgz;fs; xw;iwah;
gphptpy; miuapWjp Ml;lj;jpy;, $g;ghdpd; mBfd; akFr;rpia, gp.rp.rpe;J
btw;wpbgw;W nWjpg;Bghl;of;Fs; EiHe;J rhjid gilj;Js;shh;.
Mrpag; Bghl;ofspy; jA;fg;gjf;fk; btd;w KjyhtJ ne;jpa Nl;obawpjy; tPuh; - ePu$;
Brhg;uh
$hfh;j;jhtpy; ele;j Mrpa tpisahl;Lg;Bghl;ofspy;, MltUf;fhd Nl;obawpjy;
gphptpy;, ne;jpa tPuh; ePu$; Brhg;uh 88.06 kPl;lh; bjhiyt[f;F Nl;obawpe;J jA;fk;
btd;whh;.
2018 $hfh;j;jh Mrpa tpisahl;Lfspy;, 100kP., bgz;fs; Xl;lge;jaj;jpy; bts;sp
btd;w L}l;o re;j; xorh khepyj;ijr; Brh;e;jth;.
18tJ Mrpa tpisahl;Lfspy;, bgz;fs; 100kPl;lh; nWjpr;Rw;wpy; 11.32 behofspy;
Xo, ne;jpahtpd; l}l;o re;j; (22), bts;sp btd;W rhjid gilj;jhh;. Mrpag;
Bghl;oapy; fle;j 20 Mz;Lfspy; ne;jg; gphptpy; ne;jpa mzp bgWk; Kjy; gjf;fk;
nJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
54
Kd;djhf, rh;tBjr jlfs rk;Bksdj;jhy; 2014-y; „Hyperandropgenism‟ bfhs;ifapd;
fPH; mth; jw;fhypfkhf nilePf;fk; bra;ag;gl;lhh;.
2019 Mrpa nisBahh; gSJ]f;fk; rhkpgad;&pg; Bghl;ofis elj;jt[s;s ehL –
tlbfhhpah
2019 Mrpa nisBahh; kw;Wk; $~dpah; gSJ]f;Fk; rhk;gpad;&pg; Bghl;ofis tl
bfhhpah,mjd; jiyefuhd gpbahA;ahA;fpy; tUk; mf;blhgh; 27 Kjy; elj;jt[s;sJ.
2018 $hfh;j;jh Mrpa tpisahl;Lg;Bghl;ofspy;, Mz;fs; 800kP, Bghl;oapy; btd;w
ne;jpa tPuh;fs; - kq;rpj; rpA;, $dprd; $hd;rd;
$hfh;j;jhtpy; ele;j Mrpa tpisahl;Lg;Bghl;ofspy;, MltUf;fhd 800kP.,
Xl;lj;jpy; ne;jpahtpd; kq;rpj; rpA; 1:45.15 behofspy; ge;jaJ]uj;ij fle;J jA;fg;
gjf;fk; btd;whh;. kw;bwhU ne;jpa tPuuhd $pd;rd; $hd;rd; 1:46.35 behofspy;
nyf;if mile;J bts;sg;gjf;fk; btd;whh;.
800kP.Xl;lj;jpy; ne;jpaht[f;F 36 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd; jA;fk; fpilj;Js;sJ.
filrpahf 1982-k; Mz;L rhh;y;!; BghbuhkpBah jA;fk; btd;wpUe;jhh;.
Mrpa jlfsj;jpy; 800kP., Bghl;oapy; nU ne;jpa tPuh;fs; gjf;fk; btd;wJ nJ 3
KiwahFk;.
khehLfs;:
KjyhtJ Beghs – ne;jpa rpe;jidahsh; cr;rp khehL:
eilbgw;w nlk; - fhj;khz;L
Behf;fk; : 1. mwpt[rhh;e;j jfty;fisg; ghpkhwpf; bfhs;Sjy;,
2. nU ehl;L mwpqh;fspilBa xj;JiHg;g[ mjpfhpf;f Btz;Lk;.
jPt[fspd; KGikahd tsh;r;rpf;fhf KjyPl;lhsh;fs; khehL:
„NITI MBahf;”, btspehLthH; ne;jpah;fs; ikaj;jpy; jPt[fspd; KGikahd
tsh;r;rpf;fhf KjyPl;lhsh;fs; khehl;il elj;jt[s;sJ.
NITI MBahf;fpd; jiyikr; bray; mjpfhhp “mkpjhg; fhe;jp” bjhlA;fpitg;ghh;.
Behf;fk;: me;jkhd; kw;Wk; epf;Bfhgh; jPt[fs; kw;wk; nyl;rj;jPt[fspy;, bghJ kw;wk;
jdpahh; Tl;oizt[ (APP) mog;gilapyhd r{Hy; - Rw;Wyhj; jpl;lA;fspd; ePoj;j
tsh;r;rpf;fhd KjyPLfis Nh;g;gjhFk;. (11 Rw;Wyh jpl;lA;fs;)
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
55
tha;tHp czh;tfw;Wk; kUj;Jtk; gw;wpa 10tJ tUlhe;jpu khehL:
tha;tHp czh;tfw;Wk; kUj;Jt (Oral Implantology) mfhlkp (AOI) K}yk; elj;jg;gLk;
ne;j 3 ehs; khehl;oy; „nA;fpyhe;J, mbkhpf;fh, n!;Buy;, M!;jphpah,
b$h;kdp,nj;jhyp, bjd;bfhhpah kw;Wk; !;bgapd; Mfpa ehLfisr; Brh;e;j
Jiwrhh;e;j kUj;Jth;fs; fye;Jbfhz;ldh;.
“bghUl;fspd; kWRHw;rp: bfhs;if tHpfhl;Ljy; K}yk; ePoj;j tsh;r;rp” Fwpj;j NITI
MBahf;fpd; rh;tBjr khehL: “g[Jbly;yp”
ne;j NITI MBahf;fpd rh;tBjr khehl;il kj;jpa rhiy Bghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk;
beLq;rhiyj; Jiw mikr;rh; “epjpd; fl;fhhp” g[Jbly;ypapy; bjhlA;fp itj;jhh;.
“xU khtl;lk;, Xh; cw;gj;jp” vd;w cr;rp khehl;il cj;jpug;gpuBjrk;” khepyk;
elj;JfpwJ.
FoauRj; jiyth; uhkehj; Bfhtpe;j;, cj;jug;gpuBjr khepyk; yf;Bdhtpy; „xU
khtl;lk; Xh; cw;gj;jp‟ (One District – one product summit – ODOP) cr;rp khehl;il
bjhlA;fp itj;jhh;.
Behf;fk;:- rpW, FW kw;Wk; eLj;juj; bjhHpy;fis Cf;Ftpg;gij Behf;fkhff;
bfhz;L, ne;j 3 ehs; khehL eilbgWfpwJ.
„eaP cjhd;, eaP Bgr;rhd ;” vd;w KHf;f thpa[ld;, gadhsh;fSf;F 1006 Bfho
U}gha;f;fhd fld; mdkjp MtdA;fis FoauRj; jiyth; tHA;fpdhh;.
24tJ cyf jj;Jt khehL (World congress of Philsosphy)
rPd jiyefh; gP$pA;fpy; bjhlA;fpaJ.
Kjd; Kjypy; bjhlA;fg;gl;lJ – 1900, ghhp!;
5 Mz;Lf;F xUKiw eilbgWk;.
“kdpjdhf thH fw;Wf;bfhs;Sjy;‟ – Learning to be Human vd;w bghUspy;
brhw;bghHpt[fs; eilbgWk;.
11tJ cyf #pe;jp khehL eilbgwk; efuk; - “Bghh;l; Y]apy;
fUg;bghUs ; : “#pe;jp cyfKk;, ne;jpaf; fyhr;rhuKk;”
eilbgw;w nlk; : „bkhhprpa!; jiyefh; Bghh;l; Y]ap!;
Behf;fk; : cyfstpy; #pe;jp bkhHpia bfhz;L Brh;g;gjhFk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
56
1975 – k; Mz;oypUe;J cyf #pe;jp khehL eilbgw;W tUfpwJ.
„ghzpdp bkhHp‟ Ma;tfj;ij btspa[wt[j; Jiw mikr;rh; R!;kh Rtuh$;
bkhhprpa!py; jpwe;J itj;jhh;.
2018 rh;tBjr g[j;j khehL:
FoauR jiyth; uhkehj; Bfhtpe;j „g[J bly;ypapy; Mf!;l; 22 md;W bjhlA;fp
itj;jhh;.
“g[j;jh; ghij – thGk; ghuk;ghpak;” vd;w jiyg;gpy; ne;j khehL eilbgw;wJ.
g[Jbly;ypapYk;, m$e;jhtpYk; (kfhuh&;ouh) eilbgWk; 4 ehs; khehl;ow;F
kfhuh&;ouh, gPfhh;, cj;jug;gpuBjrk; khepya;fSld; nize;J kj;jpa Rw;Wyh
mikr;fk; Vw;ghL bra;Js;sJ.
2018 rh;tBjr bgsj;j khehl;Lf;fhd gA;fjhuh; ehlhf “$Bghd;” nUf;Fk;.
BIMSTEC mikg;gpd; 4tJ cr;rp khehL eilbgwt[s;s efuk; - “fhj;kz;L”
(Beghsk;)
njd; jiyth; Mf Beghsk;” cs;sJ.
rh;tBjr g[j;jkj khehL 2020, ne;jpah:
nk;khehl;oy; gpujkh; eBue;jpu Bkho gA;Bfw;whh;. 2020Mk; Mz;oy; rh;tBjr
g[j;jkj khehl;il ne;jpah elj;jt[s;sJ. ne;j khehl;oy; gPk;!;blf; ehLfs;
gA;Bfw;f Btz;Lk; vd miHg;g[ tpLj;jhh;.
KjyhtJ SAARC tptrha xj;JiHg;g[ tzpf Tl;lj;ij elj;Jk; ehL – Beghsk;
SASARC tptrha xj;JiHg;g[ tzpf kd;wj;jpd; Kjy; Tl;lk;, Mf!;l; 29 md;W
Beghspy; cs;s fhj;khz;Ltpy; bjhlA;fpaJ. I.eh.tpd; czt[ kw;Wk; Btshz;ik
mikg;g[ (FAO) kw;Wk; Mrpa tptrhapfs; rA;fk; (AFA) Mfpait rhtBjr tptrha
Bkk;ghl;L ejpaj;jpd; (IFAD) Mjut[ld; nize;J nf;Tl;lj;ij elj;jpa[s;sd.
SAARC mikg;gpd; cWg;g[ ehLfisr; Brh;e;j muR kw;Wk; muR rhuh
epWtdA;fisr; Brh;e;j gpujpepjpfs; kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa & rh;tBjr mikg;g[fisr;
Brh;e;j gpujpepjpfis xUA;fpizg;gBj nf;Tl;lj;jpd; Behf;fkhFk;. K}d;W ehs;
eilbgWk; nf;Tl;lj;jpd; fUg;bghUs;, „Organizing and Strengthening Family Farmer‟s
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
57
Cooperatives to attain the Sustainable – Development – Goals – 1 and 2 in South Asia
vd;gjhFk;.
epfHhz;od; G20 kpd;dZ bghUshjhu mikr;ruit Tl;lj;jpy;, ne;jpah rhh;ghf
fye;Jbfhz;lth; - utprA;fh; gpurhj;:
“epahakhd kw;Wk; epiyahd tsh;r;rpf;F fUj;bjhw;Wik kpf;f fl;likg;g[ - Building
Consenesus for Fair and Sustainable Development” vd;w fUg;bghUSld; Mf!;l; 23-24
Mfpa Bjjpfspy; mh;b$d;odhtpy; cs;s rhy;lhtpy;, epfHz;od; G20 kpd;dZ
bghUshjhu mikr;ruit Tl;lk; ele;jJ. nJ epfHhz;od; nWjpapy;
mh;b$z;odhthy; elj;jg;gl cs;s G20 jiyth;fSF;fhd “Sherapa Track‟ d; xU
gFjpahf elj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ne;jpahtpd; rhh;ghf kj;jpa kpd;dZ & jfty; bjhHpy;El;gk; kw;Wk; rl;lk; &
ePjpj;Jiw mikr;rh; utprA;fh; tpurhj; njpy; fye;Jbfhz;lhh;.
5tJ BIMSTEC cr;rpkhehl;ow;F jiyikBaw;Ws;s ehL – nyA;if
Beghsj;jpd; fhj;khz;Ltpy; ele;j 4tJ BIMSTEC cr;rpkhehL, fhj;khz;L
gpufldj;Jld; btw;wpfukhf epiwtile;jJ. tA;fBjrk;, g{lhd;, ne;jpah kpahd;kh;,
Beghsk; nyA;if kw;wk; jha;yhe;J Mfpa 7 ehLfspd; jiyth;fSk; ne;j
cr;rpkhehL Kot[Wtjw;F Kd;djhf, BIMSTEC gpufldj;ij mA;fPfhpj;jdh;.
„BIMSTEC mikg;gpd; mLj;j jiyikg;bghWg;ig nyA;if ehL bgw;Ws;sJ.
BIMSTEC ehLfs;, cyf kf;fs;bjhifapy; 22 rjtPj;jij bfhz;Ls;sJ. njd;
bkhj;j GDP,2.8 ohpy;ypapd; lhyuhFk.
nyA;if mjpgh; ikj;hpghy rpwpBrd, 5tJ BIMSTEC cr;rp khehl;od; jiytuhf
epakdk; bra;ag;gl;lhh;. mLj;j BIMSTEC cr;rpkhehL nyA;ifapy; eilbgWk;.
„MOVE‟ vd;w ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; rh;tBjr Bghf;Ftut[ cr;rpkhehL cilbgwt[s;s
efuk; - g[Jbly;yp
„MOVE‟ vd;w ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; rh;tBjr Bghf;Ftut[ cr;rpkhehL,tUk; brg;.7
md;W g[J bly;ypapy; cs;s tpf;ahd; gtdpy; eilbgWk;. fz;Lgpog;g[fis
btspf;bfhzh;tJk;, Bghf;Ftut[ vjph;fhyj;ij totikg;gjw;F xU jsj;ij
cUthf;FtJBk nt;t[r;rp khehl;od; Behf;fkhFk;. khehL kpd;dZ fz;fhl;rp kw;Wk;
rpwg;g[ epfH;t[fs; vd K}d;W gphpthf ne;j cr;rpkhehL eilbgWk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
58
2018 ne;jpa tA;fpj;Jiw khehL eilbgw;w efuk; - g[Jbly;yp
ne;jpa tA;fpj;Jiw re;jpj;J tUk; gy;BtW Kf;fpag; gpur;ridfs; Fwpj;J
Muha;tjw;fhf Mf!;l; 23 md;W g[J bly;ypapy; ne;jpa tA;fpj;Jiw khehL
eilbgw;wJ.
NITI MBahf;Fk;, bghUshjhu bfhs;if Muha;r;rp ikaKk; nize;J ne;j
khehl;il Vw;ghL bra;Js;sd. ne;jpahtpd; tA;fp kw;Wk; epjpj;Jiwrhh; gy;BtW
gA;Fjhuh;fSf;F nk;khehL xU Kf;fpa jskhf cs;sJ. Jiwf;F ed;ik
gaf;ff;Toa xt;Bthh; mk;rk; nk;khehl;od; BghJ tpthjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
2018 rh;tBjr fpU&p Fk;g; khehL kw;Wk; fz;fhl;rpia elj;jt[s;s khepy –
cj;jug;gpuBjrk;.
yf;Bdhtpy; cs;s fUk;g[ Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpd; (bjypghf;), 2018 rh;tBjr fpU&p
Fk;g; khehL kw;Wk; fz;fhl;rpia elj;j, cj;jugpuBjr khepy muR Vw;ghL
bra;Js;sJ. K}d;W ehs; eilbgWk; ne;j khehl;od; Behf;fk;, Btshz;Jiw rhh;e;j
mwpita[k;, epg[zj;Jtj;ija[k; ghpkhwpf;bfhs;tjw;f tptrhapfSf;Fk;, bjhHpy;El;g
ty;Yeh;fSf;Fk;, bjhHpy;KidBthh;fSf;Fk; xU jsj;ij tHA;FjhFk;.
tUk; brg;lk;ghpy;, „ATAL‟ vd;w nisBahh; khehl;il elj;j jpl;lkpl;Ls;s khepy
muR – mUzhr;ryg; gpuBjrk;.
mUzhr;ryg;gpuBjrk; khepy muR, tUk; brg;lk;gh; 22 md;W nlhefhpy;, “ATAL –
Arunachal Transformation & Aspriational Leadership – mUzhr;ry; khw;wk; & tpUk;gj;jFe;j
jiyikg; gz;g[“ vd;w nisBahhfs; khehl;il elj;j Kot[bra;aJs;sJ.
3 ehs; eilbgWk; ATAL khehl;od; Behf;fk;, bghJf;bfhs;if kw;Wk; MSikfspy;
khepyj;jpd; 18 Kjy; 30 taJ tiua[s;s nisqh;fis NLglr; bra;tjhFk;.
3tJ ne;jpa bgUA;fly; khehL eilbgw;WtUk; efuk; - #Bdha; (Hanoi)
K}d;whtJ ne;jpa bgUA;fly; khehL, Mf!;l; 27 md;W tpal;ehkpd; #Bdha;
efuj;jpy;, “gpuhe;jpa fl;likg;g[fis cUthf;Fjy; - Building Regional Architectures”
vd;w jiyg;gpy; bjhlA;fpaJ.
ne;j khehl;il, ne;jpa btsa[wt[j;Jiw mikr;rh; R&;kh Rtuh$`k;, tpal;ehk;
btspa[wt[j;Jiw mikr;rh; ghk;gpd; kpd;Dk; nize;J bjhlA;fpitj;jdh;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
59
ne;j khehl;oy; rpwe;j cj;jprhh; xj;JiHg;g[ kw;Wk; eph;thf fl;likg;g[fs; Fwpj;J
typa[Wj;jg;gl;ld.
4tJ Mrpa Bjh;jy; mikg;g[f; Tl;lk; eilbgWk; efuk; - bfhGk;g[
nyA;ifapy; Bjh;jy; kw;Wk; kf;fshl;rp epytuk; Fwpj;J tpthjpg;gjw;bfd, bfhGk;gpy;
4tJ Mrpa Bjh;jy; mikg;g[f; Tl;lk; Mf!;l; 23 md;W eilbgWfpwJ.
nyA;if Bjh;jy; Mizak;, Rje;jpukhd Bjh;jy;fSf;fhd Mrpaf; fl;likg;g[ld;
(ANFREL) nize;J ne;jf;Tl;lj;ij elj;Jfpd;wd. nf;Tl;lj;jpy; 45 ehLfisr;
Brh;e;j 250 gpujpepjpfs; gA;Bfw;ghh;fs;.
mwptpay; & bjhHpy;El;gk;
cyfpd; Kjy; “xw;iw FBuhBkhBrhk;” Eiukj;ij (Yeast) “fPdh” cUthf;fpa[s;sJ.
xw;iw BuhBkhBrhk; Eiuk tifia cUthf;Ftjw;fhf K}yf;TW jpUj;j bjhHpy;
El;gkhd (RISPR – Cas 09-I Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa[s;sdh;. (RISPR _cas 9 I
gad;gLj;jp, Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; Kidg;gFjpapy; (Telomere) cs;s DNA –ti
ePf;fpa[s;sdh;.
rf;jp jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;, „RISECREEK‟ vd;w Kjy; cs;ehl;L Ez;braypfis cUthf;fp
cs;sJ” IIT brd;id epWtdk; MFk;.
RISECREEK vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; 300 rpy;Yfs; bfhz;l Kjy; bjhFjp,
mbkhpf;fhtpd; Xhpfd; khfhzj;jpy; ypdf;!; naA;Fjs gad;ghl;Lf;fhf nd;blYf;F
nytrkhf tHA;fg;glt[s;sJ.
ne;j KGf;FGt[k; “Dr. ePy; fhyh” vd;gtuhy; tHpelj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nf;FG “BlueSpec System Verilog” bkhHpiag; gad;gLj;jpaJ.
350 MHz mjph;btz;zpy;, Nzvil (ne;jpag; gFjpf;fhd tHpfhl;o braw;iff;Bfhs;
mikg;g[) Bghd;w ghJfhg;g[ kw;Wk; cj;jprhh; cgfuzA;fs; kw;Wk; niza cyfpd;
kpd;dZ bghUl;fspd; Bfhhpf;iffis “RISECREEK” g{h;j;jp bra;fpwJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
60
R{hpaid Ma;t[ bra;tjw;fhf, NASA tpz;btsp epWtdk; Mdf; „ghh;fh; Brhyhh;
g;Buhg; vd;w tpz;fyj;ij btw;wpfukhf tpz;zpy; Vt[a[s;sJ.
mbkhpf;f tpz;btsp Ma;t[ikakhd NASA r{hpaid Ma;t[ bra;tjw;fhf, Mf!;l;
12 md;W |g[Bshhplh khfhzk; „Bfg; bfdtuy ;‟ Vt[jsj;jpypUe;J bly;lh 4
Vt[fiz K}yk; “ghh;fh; Brhyhh; g[Buhg;” tpz;fyj;ij btw;wpfukhf tpz;zpy;
brYj;jpaJ.
10,000 Bfho U}gha; brytpy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
6 Mz;Lfs; 11 khjA;fspy; r{hpaiz 24 Kiw Rw;wp tUk;
gpurhh; ghujp xg;ge;jk;:
epfHhz;od; ne;jpa Rje;jpu jpd tpHhtpid „TFspy;‟ Beuoahf xspgug;g[
bra;tjw;fhf me;j epWtdj;Jld; gpurhh; ghujp xg;ge;jk; Bkw;bfhz;Ls;sJ.
TFspd; jiyik bray; mjpfhhp “rrp Brfh; Btk;gjp”
“Starry Sky -2” vd;w Kjy; mjpetPd kPcah; mjph;btz; tpkhj;ij “rPdh”
btw;wpfukhf ghpBrhjpj;Js;sJ.
mZtha[jA;fisj; jhA;fpathW xypia tpl Ie;J klA;F mjpBtfj;jpy; gazpf;Fk;
Xingkong – 2 (Starry Sky – 2) vd;w Kjy; mjpetPd kPcah; mjph;btz; ghpBrhpj;Js;sJ.
nJ rPdhtpd; Kjy; miy Ch;jp (wave Rider) uf tpkhdk; MFk;.
Fall Armyworm (tPH;r;rp nuhZtg;g[G):
tPH;r;rp uhZtg;g[G (m) Spodoptera frugiperda) „Lepidoptera‟ thpirapy; Xh; ndkhFk;.
nJ yhh;th epiy g[GthFk;. njd; Ma[l;fhyk; 30-60 ehl;fs;: 40 fp.kP Rw;wstpy;
nJ gutty;yJ.
ghjpf;fg;gl;l nlA;fs;: 1. bjYA;fhdh – rhPk;efh;, fhkbul;l, rA;fbul;o, Bklf;,
fhj;thy;.
2. fh;ehlfk;
3. jkpH;ehL
4. Mg;gphpf;fh
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
61
re;jpuhad; -1 tpz;fyj;jpd; juitg; gad;gLj;jp, epytpd; kPJ gdp epuk;gpapUg;gij
“NASA(ehrh)” tpz;btsp Ma;t[
NASA –tpd; M3 vdg;gLk; “Moon Mineralogy Mapper” vd;w fhjdk; K}yk; epytpd;
Bkw;g[wj;jpypUe;J rpy brkP J]uk; MHk; tiu gdpf;fl;ofs; epuk;gpapUg;gJ cWjp
bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
rpy;Y totikg;g[fis Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf “Fabless rpy;Y totikg;g[ fhg;gfk;
vd;w xU gpuj;Baf fhg;gfj;jij bjhlA;fpa[s;s IIo epWtdk; - IIT i#juhghj;
rpy;Y totikg;g[fis Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf “Fabless rpy;Y totikg;g[ fhg;gfk;”
vd;w xU gpuj;Baf fhg;gfj;ij i#juhghj; ne;jpa bjhHpy;El;g epWtdk;
bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.
ne;jf; fhg;gfj;jpd; Behf;fk;, gd;dhl;lstpy; Bghl;oaplf;Toa kw;Wk; mwpt[rhh;
brhj;J chpikfis cUthf;ff;Toa Fiwe;jJ Ik;gJ „ne;jpahtpy; jahhpg;Bghk ;‟
rpy;Y totikg;g[ (Chip Design) epWtdA;fis cUthf;FtjhFk;. nJ De & RF
gz;g[Uf;fis bray;gLj;Jk; fUt[iaa[k;, rpy;Yfis Brhjpf;f cjt[k; Electronic Desgn
Automation (EDA) bkd;bghUs; bjhFg;ifa[k; tHA;FfpwJ.
kj;jpa kpd;dZ kw;Wk; jfty; bjhHpDl;g mikr;rfk; FabCl –f;F epjpa[jtp
mspf;fpwJ. Cadence Design Systems kw;Wk; Mentor Graphics Mfpa epWtdA;fs; njd;
bjhHpDl;g fA;fshh;fshf cs;sd. ne;jf; fhg;gfk;, i#juhghj;ij
Bruhjth;fSf;fhd bka;epfh; Mjuita[k; tHA;FfpwJ. mJ bjhiyJ]uj;jpypUe;J
gA;Bfw;f cjt[fpwJ.
mz;ikapy; „Making India 5G Ready‟ vd;w mwpf;ifia murhA;fj;jpw;F rkh;g;gpj;j
tHpelj;Jk; FGtpw;F jiyik tfpj;jth; - A.J, ghy;uh$;
!;lhd;Bghh;L gy;fiyf;fHf Bguhrphpah; A.J. ghy;uh$; jiyikapyhd 9
Bgh;bfhz;l 5G tHpelj;Jk; FGthdJ jdJ „Making India 5G Ready‟ vd;w
mwpf;ifia bjhiyj;bjhlh;g[ Jiw brayh; mUzh ghpe;Jiuj;Js;sJ.
!;bgf;l;uk; bfhs;if, xGA;FKiwf; bfhs;if, fy;tp kw;Wk; tpHpg;g[zh;t[ Cf;Ftpg;g[,
gad;ghL kw;Wk; gad;ghl;L Ma;tfA;fs;, rh;tBjr juA;fis gpd;gw;Wjy;, gad;ghl;L
mLf;fpd; juj;ij Bkk;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; bray;jpl;lA;fis nt;twpf;if bfhz;Ls;sJ.
20-20 thf;fpy; ne;jpahtpy; 5G tzpfhPjpahf gad;ghl;Lf;F tUbkd
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
62
tUk; brg;lk;ghpypUe;J Mf;rpBlhrpd; vDk; caph;fhf;Fk; kUe;jpd; kPjhd rpy;yiw
tpw;gid jilia ePf;f muR Kot[ bra;Js;sJ.
nk;kUe;ij cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; VfBghf chpik Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals
epWtdj;Jf;F kl;LBk cs;sbjd kj;jpa mur Twpa[s;sJ.
ne;jg; g[jpa tpjpfspd;go, ml;ltiz „A‟tpypUe;j Mf;rpBlhrpd;, jw;BghJ „HI‟f;F
khw;wk; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. njd; fhuzkhf, Mf;rpBlhrpd; kUe;ij ghpe;Jiuj;j
kUj;Jthpd; bgah;, Kfthp, Behahspapd; bgah;, Kfthp, kUe;J kw;Wk; mst[
cs;spl;ltw;iw Fwpf;f jdpg;gjpBtl;il rpy;yiw tpw;gidahsh; itj;jpUj;jy;
Btz;Lk;.
„Mf;rpBlhrpd ;‟ vd;gJ naw;ifahf cw;gj;jpahff;Toa xU #hh;Bkhd; MFk;
BgWfhyA;fspy; fUg;ig RUA;fp tphpjYf;F, jha;khh;fspd; ghy; Rug;gpw;Fk; cjtp
g[hpfpwJ. Mdhy;, tpthapfs; jA;fSf;F tpUg;gkhd Beuj;jpy; fhy;eilfSf;F ghy;
Rug;g[ Vw;glBtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf mtw;Wf;F ne;j #hh;Bkhid clbrYj;Jtjhy;,
ghy; cw;gj;jpj;Jiwapy; nJ jtwhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
BkYk; guA;fp,jh;g{rzp, fj;jhp, Riuf;fha; kw;Wk; bts;shp cs;spl;l fha;fwpfs; kw;Wk;
gHA;fspd; msit mjpfhpg;gjw;fhft[k; nJ jtwhs gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Bfhg;gh;dpf;f!; jpl;lj;jpd; fPH; Vtg;gl;Ls;s fhw;Wzh;t[ (Wind – Sensiong) braw;iff;
Bfhshd “Aeolus”, IBuhg;gpa xd;wpak; kw;Wk; IBuhg;gpa tpz;btzp epWtdj;jpd;
Tl;Lj; jpl;lkhFk;.
cyfstpy; fhw;wpd; Btfk; kw;Wk; Nug;gjj;jpid Jy;ypakhf mwpe;J bjspthd fhy
epiy Kd;dwptpg;ig btspapLtjw;fhf “Aeolus” vDk; braw;iff;Bfhis IBuhg;gpa
tpz;btsp epWtdk; gpuq;R fahdhtpypUe;J Vtpa[s;sJ.
ne;j braw;iff;Bfhs; g[tpf;F BkBy 320 fp.kP. cauj;jpy; epiyepWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Bfhg;gh;dpf;f!; jpl;lj;jpd; xUgFjpahf nj;jpl;lk; bray;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rw;Wr;r{Hy; Brjj;ij fz;fhzpf;ft[k;, Bghplh; fhyA;fspy; kPl;g[ eltof;iffspy;
cjt[tjw;fhft[k; Btz;o, IBuhg;gpa xd;wpak; kw;Wk; IBuhg;gpa tpz;btsp
epWtdj;jhy; nj;jpl;lk; nize;J bray;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fpBuf;f g[uhzA;fspy; fhw;iw Ml;rp bra;a[k; Xh; murdpd; bgah;jhd; ne;j
„vBahy!;‟ nJ tpz;btspapypUe;J cyfshtpa fhw;wpd; ghA;Ffis mstpl cjt[k;
Bkk;gl;l Byrh; mikg;ghd lhg;sh; fhw;W LIDAR‟I bfhz;Ls;sJ. njid Vh;g!;
epWtdk; jahhpj;Js;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
63
ne;jpa thf;fhsh;fs; jhA;fs; Bjh;e;bjLj;j gpuepjpfis kjpg;gpl mDkjpf;Fk; „NETA‟
braypahdJ, mbkhpf;fh ehl;oypUe;J Nh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
murpay;thjpfspd; bray;ghLfSf;F kjpg;bgz;fs; mspf;f cjt[k; NETA – National
Electoral Transformation vd;w miyBgrp braypia, Mf!;l; 24 md;W Kd;dhs;
FoauRj; jiyth; gpuzhg; Kfh;$p bjhlA;fpitj;jhh;.
jA;fs; bjhFjpfisr;Brh;e;j ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdh; (MP), rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdhpd;
(MLA) bray;ghLfSf;F, bghJkf;fs; kjpg;bgz; bfhLf;f cjt[k; ne;j braypia
gq;rhigr; Brh;e;j gPhpj;jk; kpl;ly; cUthf;fpa[s;shh;. „Bel;lh – yPlh;!; hpg;Bghh;l;
fhh;l;‟ (NETA – jiyth;fspd; bray;ghl;L ml;il) vd;W ne;j braypf;f
bgahplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jdpegh; rl;l (jpUj;jk;) kBrhjh – 2018 bjhGBeha; Behahspfs; kPjhd ghFghL
kw;Wk; fsA;fj;ij mfw;w Behf;fk; bfhz;Ls;sJ.
bjhGBehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk; thH;f;if Jiza[ld;, jpUkz cwit bjhlu
tpUk;ghtpl;lhy;, mjw;Fhpa kUj;Jt rhd;wpjH;fSld; kzKwpt[ Bfhhp
tpz;zg;gpg;gjw;F jw;BghJs;s kzKwpt[ rl;lk;, 1869, fpwp!;jt tptfhuj;J rl;lk;,
K!;ypk; kdKwpt[ rl;lk; 1936, rpwg;g[ jpUkz rl;lk;, 1954, #pe;J jpUkzrl;lk;
1955, #pe;J jj;bjLg;g[ kw;Wk; guhkhpg;g[ rl;lk; 1956 Mfpa 6 rl;lg;gphpt[fspy;
nlKs;sd.
mjid khw;Wtjw;F tif bra;a[k; „jdpegh; rl;lj;jpUj;j kBrhjh -2018‟
kf;fsitapy; Mf!;l; 24 md;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjpy;, jpUkzj;ij uj;J
bra;tJ my;yJ kzKwpt[ BfhUtjw;fhd rl;lg;g{h;t fhuzA;fspypUe;J „jdpegh;
rl;lj;jpUj;j kBrhjh – 2018‟ bjhGBehia ePf;fpaJ.
ikf;Bfhghg;Ohpak; byg;Buthy; Vw;gLk; xU bjhw;WBeha;jhd; bjhGBeha;. bghJthf
Bjhy; kw;Wk; g[w euk;g[fis ne;Beha; ghjpf;fpwJ, cyf Rfhjhu epWtdj;jpd;
Tw;Wg;go, 2015-k;, Mz;oy; cyfstpy; 2,12,000 BgUf;f ne;Beha; ghjpg;g[
Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.ne;jpahtpy; kl;Lk; 1,27,326 BgUf;F ne;Beha; cs;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
64
ne;jpa tl;lhu bkhHp gj;jhpiffs;, jA;fs; bra;jp cs;slf;fj;ij nizaj;Jf;F
vLj;Jr;bry;y cjt[tjw;fhf, „et;Byfh‟ vd;w jpl;lj;ij bjhlA;fpa[s;s bjhHpy;
El;g epWtdk; - TFs;
4tJ „ne;jpaht[f;fhf TFs ;‟ epfH;tpy;, ne;jpa tl;lhu bkhHp gj;jphpiffs;, jA;fs;
bra;jp cs;slf;fj;ij nizaj;Jf;f vLj;Jr;bry;y cjt[fjw;fhf, „et;Byfh‟ vd;w
jpl;lj;ij TFs; epWtdk; bjhlA;fpa[s;sJ.ve;jtpj bjhHpy;El;g mwt[k; mtrpakpy;iy
„et;Byfh‟ vd;why;‟ vGJtjw;fhd xU g[jpa tHp‟ vd rkw;fpUjj;jpy; bghUs;gLk;.
„et;Byfh‟tpy; gjpt[bra;ag;gl;l btspaPl;lhsh;fSf;F nytr „nizag;g[uty;‟
Brit kw;wk; 3 MzLf;F bry;ygoahFk;. tiyj;js Kfthp mspf;fg;gLk;.
mth;fs; jA;fspd; cs;slfj;ij gzkhf;Ftjw;F „AdSense‟ Mjut[k; mspf;fg;gLk;.
bjhlf;fepiyapy; #pe;jp bkhHpapy; kl;Lk; ne;j Brit fpilf;fg;bgWk;.
2022-k; Mz;oy; ffd;ahid $pv!;vy;tpvk;Bf-III Vt[fizia gad;gLj;jp
tpz;btspf;F mDg;g ISRO jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.
2022-k; Mz;oy; “ffd;ahd; - kdpjid tpz;btspf;F mDg;g[k; ne;jpahtpd; Kjy;
jpl;lj;ij ISRO bray;gLj;jt[s;sJ. ne;jj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;, 5-7 ehl;fSf;F K}d;W
Bgiu tpz;btspf;F mDg;g ISRO Kot[bra;Js;sJ. „ffd;ahd;‟ jpl;lj;Jf;F Rkhh;
U}.10000 Bfho xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ne;j Vt[fiz =#hpBfhl;lhtpypUe;J Vtg;gl;lt[ld;, g[tpapypUe;J 300-400 fp.kP
bjhiytpy; cs;s g[tpapd; Fiwe;j J]u Rw;Wtl;lg; ghijapy; epiyepWj;jg;gLk;.
tpz;btspf;F bry;Yk; tPuh;fSk;, tPuhA;fida[k; ne;jpa tpkhdg;gil (IAF) kw;Wk;
ISRO‟ tpypUe;J Bjh;t[bra;ag;gLthh;fs;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
65
epakdk;
“buhrhhpBah kdhByh” – RahjPd Mizaj;jpd; jiyth;:
Buh#pA;ah rpwghd;ikapdUf;f vjpuhd kdpj
chpik kPwy;fs; Fwpj;J tprhhpg;gjw;fhf kpahdkh; murhA;fk; 4 cWg;gpdh;fis
cs;slf;fpa rAhjPd FG xd;iw epakpj;Js;sJ.
BSNL epWtdj;jpd; jkpH;ehL gphptpd; jiyikg; bghJ Bkyhsuhf “V.uh$P Its”
Mf!;l; Kjy; Bjjpad;W bghWg;Bgw;Wf; bfhz;lhh;.
CuhYA;fs; bjhHpyhsh; xg;ge;jk; Tl;Lst[ rA;fj;jpd; (ULCCS) g[jpa jiyik bray;
mjpfhhp – utPe;jpud; f!;J]hp
Kd;djhf, IBM –d; Jizjiytuhft[k;, mjd; xUA;fpize;j bray;ghl;L
jiytuhft[k; mth; nUe;jhh;.
1925 –y; rK}f rPh;jpUj;jthjp „FU thf;gje;jhthy;‟ BfhHpf;BfhL khtl;lj;jpy;
CuhYA;fy; vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; xU Ff;fpuhkj;jpy;, ULCCS cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
ICANN FGthd Country code Names Supporting Organizattion (CCNSO) – y; fHf
cWg;gpduhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kjy; ne;jpah; “m$a; Bll;lh” (Ajay Data)
„Data ZGen‟ epWtdj;jpd; epWtdh; kw;Wk; jiyik bray; mYtyUkhd b$a;g{iur;
Brh;e;j mi$ Bll;lh, ICANN FGthd Coury code Names Supoorting Organization (CCNSO) –
y; fHf cWg;gpduhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kjy; ne;jpah; Mthh;. nthpd; gjtpf;fhyk;
2 Mz;Lfs; MFk;.
tUk; mf;Blhgh; khjk; !;bgapdpy; eilbgwt[s;s ICANN‟-d; 63tJ Mz;L
Tl;lj;jpy; mth; gjtpBaw;Wf;bfhs;thh;.
brd;id cah;ePjpkd;w jiyik ePjpgjpahf Kk;ig cah;epjpkd;w ePjpgjp “tp$ah K
j#py; ukzp” epakdk; bra;ag;gl;Ls;shh;.
bgUk; Rje;ju th;j;jf cld;gof;ifahd gpuhe;jpa tphpthd bghUshjhu xj;JiHg;g[
(RCEP) bjhlh;ghd gpur;ridf;s Fwpj;J Muha;tjw;fhf kj;jpa muR Xh;
mikr;ruitf; FGit mikj;Js;sJ. nf;FGtpd; biyth; - “RBu&; gpug[“
4 cWg;gpdh;fs; bfhz;l FG
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
66
ne;jpa hprh;t; tA;fpapd; kj;jpa thhpaj;jpy; gFjp Beu naf;Feuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sth;
- “Rthkpehjd; FUK}h;j;jp”
hprh;t; tA;fpr; rl;lk; 1934-d; gphpt[ S(i) (c) go, gl;la fzf;fhsh; Rthkpehjd;
FUK}h;j;jp 4 Mz;Lfhyj;jpw;F ne;jpa hprh;t; tA;fpapd; kj;jpa thhpaj;jpd; gFjp
Beu naf;Feuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
RSS Mjuthsuhd FUK}h;j;jp RBjrp $hf;ud; kq;r; mikg;gpd; niz
xUA;fpizg;ghsUk;, Jf;sf; gj;jphpifapd; MrphpaUk; Mthh;.
ntiuj; jtpu bjhHpyjpgh; rjP&; fhrpehj; khuBj vd;tUk; hprh;t; tA;fpapd;
naf;Feh; FGtpy; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
g[fH;kpf;f gptp mwptpayhsh;, fh&;kPh; gy;fiyapd; g[jpa Jiz Bte;juhf
epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sth; - “Bguhrphpah; jyhj; m#;kj;”
1994-k; Mz;od; ne;jpa Bjrpa fdpk tpUJ cl;gl gy bfsut tpUJfisa[k;
ghuhl;Lfisa[k; nth; bgw;Ws;shh;.
ne;jpaj; bjhiyj;bjhlh;g[ xGA;FKiw Mizaj;jpd; (TRAI) g[jpa jiyth; - “uhk;
Brthf; th;kh”
eLtzuR, fle;j 2015-k; Mz;L $Piyapy;, TRAI mikg;gpd; jiytuhf „uhk;
Brthf; rh;khit‟ 3 Mz;LfSf;F epakpj;jJ. BkYk; jw;BghJ 2 Mz;Lfs;
mthpd; gjtpf;fhyk; ePl;of;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
TRAI MdJ TRAI rl;lk;, 1997 gphpt[ (3)d; fPH; ne;jpa murhy; mikf;fg;gl;l xU
rl;lg{h;t mikg;ghFk;.
njd; jiyikafk; g[Jbly;ypapy; mike;Js;sJ.
Bjrpa bgz;fs; Mizaj;jpd; (NCW) g[jpa jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sth; - “Bufh
rh;kh”
taJ – 54
Bjrpa bgz;fs; Mizak; (National Commission for women) vd;gJ ne;jpag; bgz;fspd;
chpikfis gpujpepj;Jtg;gLj;j kw;Wk; mth;fspd; gpur;ridfs; kw;Wk; ftiyfs;
Fwpj;J Fuy; bfhLg;gjw;fhf ne;jpa murhy; mikf;fg;gl;l xU rl;lg{h;t
mikg;ghFk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
67
#pe;J!;jhd; XBuhdhof;!; ypkpblod; (HAL) g[jpa jiyth; kw;Wk; eph;thf
naf;Feuhf “R-khjtd;” epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh ;.
HAL –d; jiyikafk; - bgA;fSU
jkpHf muR rhh;gpy; czt[ ghJfhg;g[ Bky;Kiwa{l;L jPh;ghak; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
– jiyik – „V.$hfPh; cBrd;‟.
jiyik mjpfhhpahf brd;id vGk;g{h; bgUefu Fw;wtpay; eLth; kd;w TLjy;
jyik ePjpgjp “V.$hfPh; cBrd;” epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
I.eh. kdpj chpik Mizaj;jpd; g[jpa jiyth; - “kpbry; ghr;brbyl;”
I.eh kdpj chpikfs; Mizaj;jpd; g[jpa cauhizauhf „rpyp‟ehl;od; Kd;dhs;
mjpgh; „kpbry; ghr;brbyl;‟ epkpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
brd;id cah;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; g[jpa jiyik ePjpgjp – “tp$ah fkBy&; j#py; ukhdp”
brd;id cah;ePjpkd;wj;jpd “3tJ bgz ;” jiyik ePjpgjp Mthh;.
kpd;Jiwf;fhd Bky;Kiwa{l;L jPh;ghaj;jpd; g[jpa jiytuhf epkpf;fg;gl;Ls;sth; „
ePjpgjp kq;Rsh bry;Y]h; Mthh;.
njw;F Kd;g[ nth; gk;gha; cah;ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jiyik ePjpgjpahf nUe;jhh;.
jkpH;ehL tpisahl;L gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; Kjy;bgz; JizBte;juhf “$Pyh !;Ogd;”
epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
gpujkhpd; gaph;fhg;gPl;L jpl;lj;Jf;fhd (Prdhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana) jiyik
bray; mjpfhhpahf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sth; - “M&p&; Fkhh; g{lhdp”
ne;j jpl;lk; “xBu Bjrk; xBu jpl;lk;“ vd;w bfhs;ifia mog;gilahff; bfhz;L
bjhla;fg;gl;lJ.
gaph;fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lk; 2016k; Mz;L eilKiwf;F te;jJ.
u&;aht[f;fhd ne;jpahtpd; g[jpa J]juhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sth; - “D. ghy btA;fBl&;
th;kh”.
jw;rkak; nth;, !;bgapDf;fhd ne;jpa J]juhf cs;shh;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
68
cf;iuDf;fhd g[jpa ne;jpa J[juhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sth; - “ghh;j;jh rjgjp”
fly;rhh; bghUl;fs; Vw;Wkjp Bkk;ghl;L Mizaj;jpd; (MPEDA) g[jpa jiyth; -
“KS =epth!;” (IAS mjpfhhp)
MPEDA rl;lk;, 1972‟d; fPH; 1972-k; Mz;oy; MPEDA cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
jiyikafk; - bfhr;rp
khypapd; g[jpa mjpgh; - “ng;uh#pk; g{gf;fh; bfa;lh”
khyp, Fiwe;jgl;rk; 20 ndf;FGf;fs; thGk; xU ehL MFk;.
$k;K & fh&;kPhpd; g[jpa MSeuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sth; - “rj;jpaghy; khypf;”
rq;ra; fhe;jp Bjrpag; g{A;fhtpd; g[jpa tpsk;gu J]jh; “utPdh jhz;ld;” (eoif)
“Bghhpthsp Bjrpag; g{A;fh” – Kd;dhs; bgah;.
If;fpa nuh$;$paj;Jf;fhd ne;jpahtpd; g[jpa cauhizah; - Ur;rpfd&pahk;.
If;fpa nuh$;$paj;Jf;fhd ne;jpa cauhizauhf nUe;JtUk; YK rpd;#htpd;
gjtpf; fhyk; tpiutpy; epiatilat[s;s epiyapy;, Ur;rpfd&pahik UK – t[f;fhd
g[jpa ne;jpa cauhizauhf epakpj;J kj;jpa btspa[wt[ mikr;rfk; cj;jut[
gpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.
mz;ikapy; fhykhd tp$a; rtd;, kuhj;jp jpiuj;jiw gpuhe;jpaj;Jld;
bjhlh;g[ilath;.
eifr;Rit fjhghj;jpuA;fSf;fhf mwpag;gl;l K}j;j kuhj;jp eofuhd tp$a; rtd;
(63), Mf!;l; 24‟y; Kk;igapy; fhykhdhh;. 350-f;Fk; Bkw;gl;l glA;fspy; nth;
eoj;Js;shh;.
“No Spin” vd;w E]y; B&d; thh;d; fphpf;bfl; tPuhpd; RarhpjkhFk;.
“No Spin” vd;w E]y;, fphpf;bfl; tPuh; B&d; thh;dpd; RarhpjkhFk;. ne;j E]y;, thh;d;
Fwpj;j midj;J Bfs;tpfSf;Fk; tpil mspf;Fk;, fphpbfl; tPuUk;, bjhiyf;fhl;rp
bjhFg;ghsUkhd khh;f; epf;bfhyrpd; epidt[f;Fwpg;g[fSld; ne;E]y;
vGjg;gl;lLs;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
69
fphpf;bfl; tuyhw;wpy; rpwe;j ge;JtPr;rhsh;fSs; xUtuhf fUjg;gLk; B&d; thh;d;,
1992k; Mz;oy; jdJ Kjy; bl!;l; Bghl;oapy; tpiahodhh;. BkYk;, rh;tBjr
mstpy; mth; 1000 tpf;bfl;Lfis tPH;j;jpa[s;shh;.
ghJfhg;g[ Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; tsh;r;rp mikg;gpd; (DRDO) g[jpa jiyth; - rjP!;bul;o
ghJfhg;g[ Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; tsh;r;rp mikg;gpd; (Defence Research and Development
Organisation – DRDO) jiytuhf rpwe;j mwptpayhsUk;, ghJfhg;g[j;jiw mikr;rhpd;
mwptpay;rhh; MBuhrfUkhd G.rjP!; bul;o epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh.
nthpd; gjtpf;fhyk;2 Mz;LfshFk;. BkYk; ghJfhg;g[ Ma;t[ kw;Wk;
Bkk;ghl;Lj;Jiw brayhsuhft[k; nth; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
Kf;fpa jpdA;fs;
Mf!;l; 1 -cyf jha;g;ghY]l;Lk; thuk; 2018: (Aug 1 to Aug 7)
Behf;fk; : gpwe;j xU kzp Beuj;jpw;Fs; FHe;ijf;F jha;g;ghy; Cl;Ljy; Btz;Lk;.
Mf!;l; - 3 Bjrpa jh;g{rzp jpdk; - „xU tUlhe;jpu tpLKiw jpdkhFk;‟.
92% ePh; cs;sJ
Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Md;oMf;rpbld;l; rpytif g[w;WBeha; mghaA;fis
Fiwj;jpLk; Bful;BlBehapl; kw;wk; iyBfhBgd; Mfpatw;iwa[k; bfhz;Ls;sJ.
Xf;yBehkh (mbkhpf;fh) khepyj;jpd; mYty;g{h;t fha;fwp jh;g{rzp MFk;.
Mf!;l; 5: rh;Bjr ez;gh;fs; jpdk; - 1958 –k; Mz;L guhFBt ehl;oy;
Kd;bkhHpag;gl;lJ.
Mf!;l; 6: #pBuhrpkh jpdk;
Mf!;l; 7: Bjrpa ifj;jwp jpdk;: - 3tJ tUlk; mDrhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
2015-y; kj;jpa murhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
RBjrp naf;fj;ij epidt[ Th;tjw;fhf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
Mf!;l; 8: rh;t g{id jpdk; - 2002-k; Mz;L Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Mf!;l; 9: cyfpd; g{h;t FofSf;fhd rh;tBjr jpdk;
fUg;bghUs ;: “g{h;tFo kf;fspd; nlg;bgah;r;rp kw;Wk; FoBaw;wk;
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
70
Mf!;l; 10: cyf caphp vhpbghUs; jpdk;
Mf!;l; 12: rh;tBjr nisqh; jpdk;
fUg;bghUs;: nisBahUf;fhd ghJfhg;gdh btspfs;”
cyf ahidfs; jpdk; Mf!;l; 12
Mf!;l; 13: cyf clYWg;g[ jhd jpdk;
Mf!;l; 19: cyf g[ifg;glk; jpdk;
cyf kdpj ehs; : fUg;bghUs;: “# Not A Target
Mf!;l; 20: cyf bfhRf;fs; jpdk;
Mf!;l; 21: KjyhtJ gaA;futhjj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fis Mjhpf;Fk; rh;tBjr
jpdk; (Internationa; Day of Remembrance and Tribute Victims of Terrorism)
rh;tBjr moik tpahghu xHpg;g[ kw;Wk; epidt[TUjy; jpdk; (International Day for
Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its Abolition) – Mf!;L23)
mZrf;jp BrhjidfSf;F vjpuhd rh;tBjr jpdk; _ Mf!;l; 29
rh;tBjr fhzhkw; Bghfbra;ag;gl;lth;fSf;fhd jpdk; - Mf!;l; - 30
bghUshjhuk;
2016 gzkjpg;g[ ePf;f eltof;if – 99.3% jpUk;gpa Behl;Lfs;:
2016 etk;gh; khjk; 8-e;Bjjp gpujkh; Bkho mg;BghJ g[Hf;fjpy; nUe;j U}.500,
U}.1,000 Behl;Lfs; bry;yhJ vd;W mwptpj;jhh;.
U}.15.31 yl;rk; Bfho tA;fpfSf;F te;jd. U}.10 Mapuj;J 720 Bfho kjpg;gpyhd
bry;yhj U}gha; Behl;Lfs; tA;fpfSf;F tutpy;iy vd hprh;t; tA;fp btspapl;l 2017-
18 Mz;L mwpf;ifapy; bjhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
giHa U}.500, U}.1,000 Behl;Lfs; 99.3rjtPj mstpw;W tA;fpfSf;F jpUk;gpaJ.
vhprf;jp jpwd; Bkk;ghl;L jpl;lj;jpw;fhf, cyftA;fp rh;tBjr mikg;g[ld; $300
kpy;ypad; lhyh; kjpg;gpyhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; ne;jpah ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;sJ.
vhprf;jp jpwd; Brit epWtdj;jpdhy; bray;gLj;jg;gltpUf;fk; ne;jj; jpl;lk;,
FoapUg;g[ kw;Wk; bghJj; Jiwfspy; vhprf;jp Brkpg;g[ eltof;iffis Bkk;gLj;j
cjt[k;, ne;j epWtdj;jpd; jpwid tUg;gLj;Jk; & th;j;jf epjp mZFKiwia
Bkk;gLj;jt[k; cjt[k;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
71
ne;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPHhd KjyPLfs; Ma[l;fhy gRik Foy;fspypUe;J 170 kpy;ypad;
ld; fhpakpytha[ btspBaw;wj;ijj; jtph;f;Fk; vd;W vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLtBjhL 10 GW
TLjy; cw;gj;jp bra;tijj; jtph;g;gjw;Fk; gA;fspf;Fk; vd;W vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
nJ ghhp!; xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPH;, ne;jpahtpd; Bjra eph;zapj;j gA;fspg;gpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Bjrpa Bkk;gLj;jg;gl;l vhprf;jpj; jpwd; nyf;fhd 19.6 GW-y; 50
rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhFk;.
uh$!;jhd; mjd; kpd; tpepBahf Jiwapd; bray;jpwid Bkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd. cyf
tA;fpahdJ mjw;F $ 250 kpy;ypad; mst[ fld; tHA;ft[s;sJ.
24x7 midtUf;Fk; kpd;rhuk; jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;, uh$!;jhd; mjd; kpd; tpepBahf
Jiwapd; bray;jpwid Bkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf, cyf tA;fpahdJ mk;khepyj;jpw;F $250
kpy;ypad; mbkhpf;f lhyh; fld; tHA;ft[s;sJ.
tpepBahf epWtdA;fs; kw;Wk; khepy muRf;fpilBa tUlhe;jpu bray;jpwd; g[hpe;Jzh;t[
xg;ge;jA;fis epWt[tjd; K}yk; tpepBahf Jiwapd; eph;thfj;jpwid tYt{l;LjYk;
mjpy; mlA;fk;. ne;jj; jpl;lk;, kj;jpa murpd; cs;ehl;L jpwd;kpF tpsf;F
jpl;lj;ija[k; (Domestic Efficient Lighting Program) Mjhpf;fpwJ. njd;fPH;, 15
kpy;ypaDf;Fk; mjpfkhdJ LED tpsf;Ffs; mk;khepyj;jyp tpepBahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
fh;ehlfhtpy; rhiy Bkk;ghl;Lf;fhf Mrpa tsh;r;rp tA;fp rh;tBjr mikg;g[ld;
$346 kpy;ypad; lhyh; kjpg;gpyhd fld; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ne;jpah ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;sJ.
fh;ehlf khepy beLq;rhiyfs; Bkk;ghl;L jpl;lj;jpw;fhf (KSHIP – III) Mrpa tsh;r;rp
tA;fp cldhd $346 kpy;ypad; lhyh; fld; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ne;jpah muR
ifbaGj;jpl;Ls;sJ. KSHIP – III jpl;lj;jpd; fPH;, 419 fp.kP. ePsKs;s khepy
beLq;rhiyfs; nuz;L kw;Wk; ehd;F tHpr;rhiyfshf Bkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.
nJ khepyj;jpd; 12 khtl;lA;fspy; cs;s bghUshjhu ikaA;fis nizf;f kw;Wk;
mtw;iw vspjhf mZf cjt[k;.
rYif epjpj; jpl;lk;:
kj;jpa mikr;ruit rYif epjpj; jpl;lj;jpid 2018-2023 Mfpa 5 tUlA;fSf;F
ePl;oj;J xg;g[jy; mspj;Js;sJ. nJ rYif epjpj; jpl;lj;jpd; KjyhtJ ePl;og;ghFk;.
(EFS – Concessional Financing Scheme).
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
72
btspehLfspy; gad;glj;jf;f tifapy; cs;s Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j cs;fl;likg;g[j;
jpl;lA;fis ne;jpa epWtdA;fs; Vyj;jpy; vLg;gij Mjhpg;gjw;fhf nk;Kot[
vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
epWtdj;jpd; chpikahsh; kl;Lkpd;wp ve;j xU ne;jpa epWtdKk; nj;jpl;lj;jpd;
gA;Fbgw;W gadile;jpl nj;jpl;lk; jhuhs kakhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
rYif epjpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPH; ne;jpahtpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij fUj;jpy; bfhz;L Fwpg;gpl;l
jpl;lA;fis ne;jpa btspa[wt[ mikr;rfk; Bjh;e;bjLf;Fk; gpd;dh; btspa[wt[
mikr;rfk; nij bghUshjhu tptfhuA;fSf;fhd Jiwf;F mDg;gp itf;Fk;.
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j Kf;fpakhd jpl;lA;fs; nr;rYif epjpiag; bgw;wpl mit if
tifahfg; gphpf;fg;gl;L bghUshjhu tptfhuA;fs; Jiwf;fhd brayhsh;
jiyikapyhd FGthy; mjw;fhd Kot[ vLf;fg;gLk;.
nf;FGtpy; Jiz Bjrpa ghJfhg;g[ MByhrfUk; cWg;gpduhf nUg;ghh;.
jw;bghGJ nj;jpl;lk; vf;!pk; (Exim Bank) tA;fp K}yk; bray;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mt;tA;fp
rYif epjp mspg;gjw;fhf re;ijapy; nUe;J epjpia cUthf;Fk;.
kj;jpa murhA;fk; vjph; vj;juthjk; kw;Wk; 2 rjtPjk; tl;o rkepiy Mfpa
cjtpfis vf;!pk; tA;fpf;F mspf;Fk;.
LIBOR (The London Inter – bank Offered Rate) 6 khjj;jpw;fhd ruhrhp+ 100
g[s;spfSf;F Bky; ny;yhky; fld; cjtpia vf;!pk; tA;fp (EXIM BANK) ePl;of;fyhk;.
flidj; jpUg;gpr; brUj;Jjy; MdJ btspehl;L murhA;fj;jpdhy; cj;juthjk;
mspf;fg;gLk;.
R{hpa xsp kpdfyj;jpd; nwf;Fkjp kPJ tpjpf;fg;gLk; 25 rjtPfpj ghJfhg;g[ thp:
kj;jpa murhA;fk; rPdh kw;Wk; kByrpah Mfpa ehLfspypUe;J nwf;Fkjp bra;ag;gLk;
r{hp xsp kpd;fyj;jpd; kPJ 25 rjtPfpj ghJfhg;g[ thpia tpjpj;Js;sJ. (xBu bjhFjp
my;yJ gyifapy; bjhFf;fg;gl;lhYk; my;yJ bjhFg;glhtpl;lhYk;).
nk;Kotpd; Behf;fk; cs;Sh; r{hpa xsp kdpfy cw;gj;jpj; JiwapdUf;F cjt[tJ
MFk;.
tzpfj; jPh;t[fspd; bghJ naf;Fdufj;jpd; (Directorate General of Trade Remedies)
ghpe;Jiuapd;go kj;jpa murhA;fk; nk;Koit vLj;Js;sJ.
rPdh kw;Wk; kByrpah Mfpa ehLfisj; jtpu kw;w tsUk; ehLfspd; kPJ
ng;ghJfhg;g[ thp tpjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
73
ne;jpa hprh;t; tA;fpapd; (RBI) 2018-19k; Mz;ow;fhd 3tJ nU khjj;jpw;F xUKiw
btspaplg;gLk; ehzaf;bfhs;if kjpg;gPl;lodgo elg;g[ bug;Bgh tPjk; - “6.50%”
ne;jpa tA;fpfspd; FWfpa fhyf; flDf;fhd tl;otPjk; (Repo) 6.25 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J
6.50 rjtPjkhf cah;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ne;jpa hprh;tp tA;fpapd; 6 cWg;gpdh; ehzaf; bfhs;iff; FG ne;j tl;o cah;t[f;fhd
mwptpg;ig btspapl;lJ.
bug;Bgh tl;o tPjk; vd;gJ, hprh;t; tA;fp, gpw tA;fpfSf;F muR gj;jpufspd;
mog;gilapy; fldhf mspf;Fk; bjhiff;F tr{ypf;fg;gLk; tl;oahFk;.
hprh;t; tA;fp gpw tA;fpfsplkpUe;J fldhfg; gbWk; bjhiff;F mspf;fg;gLk; tl;o
tPjkhd hpth;!; buBgh tl;oahdJ 6.25% Mf ephzapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
MSF (Marginal Standing Facility) vdg;gLk;, tA;fpfs; hprh;t; tA;fpaplk; thA;Fk;
flDf;fhd tl;o 6.75 rjtPjkhf cah;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
gztPf;fj;ij 4% MfBt epiyepWj;j hprh;t; tA;fpapd; ehzaf; bfhs;iff; FG
Kaw;rp vLj;J tUfpwJ vd;W bjhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
o$pl;ly; gzk; brYj;Jjy; - epjp MBahf;fpd; Ma;t[
epjp MBahf; fld; Raw;rp vd;w Ma;it elj;jpa[s;sJ. epjp MBahf; o$pl;ly; gzk;
brYj;Jjy; Bghf;Ffs;, gpur;ridfs; kw;Wk; tha;g;g[fs; vd;w rpw;Bwl;il
btspapl;Ls;sJ.
ne;jpahtpy; gzk; brYj;Jjy; re;ijahdJ 2023 Mz;oy; 1 ohpy;ypad; lhyh;fshf
cs;sJ. nJ 2023 Mk; Mz;oy; 190 gpy;ypad; mbkhpf;f lhyh;fshf tsh;r;rp
mila[k; vd;W vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
nJ o$pl;ly; gzk; brYj;Jjy; rpw;Bwl;od; nuz;lhtJ tUlhe;jpu gjpg;ghFk; njw;F
Kd; $~iy 2017 ny; Kjy; gjpg;g[ btspaplg;gl;lJ.
o$pl;ly; gzk; brYj;Jjy; kPjhd gzk; kPsg;bgwy;:
U}Bg kw;Wk; gPk; jsA;fs; K}yk; th;j;jfh; - Efh;Bthh; MfpBahh; ghpkhw;wk; bra;tjd;
K}yk; brYj;jpa ruf;F kw;Wk; Brit thpapy; 20 rjtPjk; kPsg;bgwy; Kiwapy;
Efh;BthUf;F jpUg;gp mspf;fg;gLk;. nr;rYif Brhjid Kaw;rpahf
Bkw;bfhss;g;glt[s;sJ. nk;Kot[ rkPgj;jpy; eilbgw;w ruf;F kw;wk; Brit thp (GST –
Goods and Services Tax) Mizaf; FGf; Tl;lj;jpy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
74
gzk; kPsg;bgwy; rYifahdJ xt;bthU ghpkhw;wj;jpd; BghJk; U}.100 tiyapyhd
bjhifia Efh;BthUf;f jpUg;gp mspg;gjhFk;.
o$pl;ly; rYif mspf;Fk; ng;g[jpa Brhjidj; jpl;lj;jpy; cj;jpug; gpuBjrk; gpfhh;,
k#huh&;ouk;, F$uhj;, jkpH;ehL kw;Wk; m!;!hk; Mfpa khepyA;fs; niza
tpUg;gk; bjhptpj;Js;sd.
GST rigapd; rYiffs;
Bjrpa jiyefh; g[Jjpy;ypapy; eilbgw;w GST (Goods & Service Tax) rigapd; 29tJ
re;jpg;gpy; nyf;fKiw ghpth;j;jidfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf fl;lzr;rYiffSf;F
mr;rig xg;g[jy; mspj;Js;sJ.
GST rigapd; re;jpg;g[ nif;fhy epjpaikr;rh; gpa{&; Bfhay; mth;fshy; jiyik
jhA;fg;gl;lJ.
Rupay kw;Wk; BHIM jsA;fis gad;gLj;jp th;j;jfh; kw;Wk; Efh;BthUf;F nilBaahd
nyf;fKiw gzghpth;j;jidfis Bkw;bfhs;BthUf;F ghpth;j;jidf;F U}.100 vd;w
tPjj;jpy; 20% gzk; jpUk;g mspf;fg;gLk; vd;W GST rig mwptpj;Js;sJ.
mikr;rh;fs; FG – RBu&; gpug[ jiyik:
kj;jpa muR 16 cWg;gpdh;fs; bfhz;l gpuhe;jpa bghUshjhuf; Tl;likg;g[ (Regional
Cooperation Economic Partnership – RCEP) Bgr;Rthh;j;ijfisg; gw;w Kot[ bra;a kj;jpa
th;j;jf kw;Wk; bjhHpw;Jiw mikr;rh; rBu&; gpug[ jiyikapyhd 4
cWg;gpdh;fisf; bfhz;l mikr;rh;fs; FG xd;iw epakpj;Js;sJ.
nf;FG ne;jpahthdJ mf;Tl;likg;gpw;fhd Bgr;Rthh;j;ijfspy; NLglyhkh my;yJ
Btz;lhkh vd gpujkUf;F mwpt[Wj;Jtjw;bfd cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nf;FG:
epjp jw;fhypfkhd kw;Wk; kpd;rhuj; Jiw mikr;rh; - gpa{!; Bfhay;)
ghJfhg;g[j; Jiw mikr;rh; - eph;kyh rPj;juhkd;
tPl;Ltrjp efh;g;g[wj; Jiw mikr;rh; - #h;jPg; g{hp
MfpBahiuf; bfhz;ljhFk;.
jw;Bghijf;F mf;Tl;likg;gpy; Brh;tjh my;yJ Btz;lhkh vd;gjw;fhd
jilfSf;F jPh;t[ fhz;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfis Bkw;bfhs;s nf;FG
mwpt[Wj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
75
BkYk; nf;FG, 2019-Mk; Mz;L, rpA;fg;g{hpy; eilbgw cs;s RCEP (Regional
Cooperation EconomicmPartnership) mikr;ruit Tl;lj;jpy; ne;jpahtpw;fhd a[f;jpia
bkUBfw;wpl cjt[k;.
mYty;fhuh naf;Feh;fs;:
epakdA;fSf;fhd mikr;ruitf; FG
1. rhh;lh;l; mf;ft[z;ld;l; Trhkpehjd; FUK}h;j;jp
2. tpahghgu ty;Yeh; rjP&; fhrpehj; kuhj;Bj
MfpBahiu ne;jpa hprh;t; tA;fpapd; kj;jpa kd;wj;jpd; mYty; rhuh naf;Feh;fs;
epakdj;jpw;f xg;g[jyspj;Js;sJ.
mth;fs; ehd;F tUl fhyj;jpw;F epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;.
Bjrpa gz tHA;fPL rA;fj;jpd; rhd;wpjH;:
q&PARC V2 jsj;jpy; Rupay Ez;rpy; bjhlh;g[ kw;Wk; bjhlh;gw;w ml;ilfis
jahhpj;jy; kw;Wk; jdpg;gadhf;fk; bra;jtw;fhd rhd;wpjiH bgw;w Kjy; epWtdk;
IDEMIA vd;w gpuhd;R epWtdk; MFk;.
nr;rhd;wpjH; vy;yh tpj gztHA;fPl;L fhl;rpfisa[k; Brhjid bra;jgpwF ne;jpa
Bjrpa gztHa;fPL rA;fj;jpdhy; tHA;fg;gLfpwJ.
q&PARC vd;gJ xw;iw ml;ilapByBa 20 tiuapyhd gztHA;fPL gad;ghLfSld;
Toa gy;BtW gztHA;fPL gad;ghLfis Vw;Wk; trjp cila jpwe;j nilKf
tisa gztHA;fPl;L KiwahFk;.
mjpfg;goahd gA;fhjhak; - hprh;t; tA;fp
$~d; 2018 vd;w fhy msBthL Koe;j tUlj;jpy; hprh;t; tA;fp TLjy;
gA;fhjhakhf 50,000 Bfho U}gha;fis murplk; xg;gilj;Js;sJ.
2017 Mk; Mz;L xg;gilf;fg;gl;l 30,659 Bfho U}ghia tpl nJ 63 rjtpfpjk;
mjpfkhFk;.
hprh;t; tA;fpapd; mjpfg;goahd gA;fhjhak; vd;gJ mur thpaw;w tUkhdk; vd;w
jiyg;gpy; bgWk; fzprkhd tUtha; msthFk;. nit Fwpg;ghf vd;w jiyg;gpy;
bgWk; fzprkhd tUtha; msthFk;. nit Fwpg;ghf muRf;F brhe;jkhd
epWtdA;fshy; gfph;e;jspf;fg;gLk; gA;fhjhaA;fhsFk;.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
76
ne;j TLjy; tUkhdj;BjhL epjpg; gw;whf;Fiw nyf;if vjph;bfhs;s nUf;Fk;
murpd; tha;g;g[, epjp xUA;fpizg;g[ kw;Wk; gl;b$l; fzpg;g[fshy;
Kd;Bdw;wkile;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
ne;j tUl bkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; nJ 3.3 rjtpfpjkhf fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fUtpHp cWjpg;ghL – Mf;rp!; tA;fp (Axis Bank)
Ez; ATM tiugl;oif (Tablets) K}yk; mog;gilapyhd ghpth;j;jidfSf;F fUtpHp
!;Bfd; cWjpg;ghL trjpaid ehl;oy; Kj;dKiwahf Mf;rp!; tA;fp
mwpKfg;gLj;jpa[s;sJ.
ne;j Ez; ATM tiugl;oiffs;, jug;gLj;jg;gl;l Brhjidfs; kw;Wk; jurhd;wpjH;
(Standardisation Testing And Quality Certification – STAC) bgw;w kw;Wk; UIDAI – f;F
nzf;fkhd KGtJk; xUA;fpize;j fUtpHp brd;rhh;fs; bfhz;l gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l
rhjdA;fs; MFk;.
2016-2017 cs;ehl;L gzk; mDg;g[jYf;fhd Kjd;ik Mjhuk; - UAE
ne;jpa hprh;t; tA;fpahy; elj;jg;gl;l 2016-2017k; Mz;Lf;fhd cs;ehl;L gzk;
mDg;g[jYf;fhd fzf;bfLg;gpy; If;fpa mug[ mkPufk; Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ.
btspehl;oypUe;J mDg;gg;gl;l kpf mjpf epjpia bgw;w khepykhf Bfush cs;sJ.
bkhj;j gz mDg;g[jypy; UAE-d; gA;F 26.9% MFk;. njw;F mLj;j epiyapy;
mbkhpf;fh (22.9%), rt[jp mBugpah (11.6%), fj;jhh; (6.5%) kw;Wk; Fitj; (5.5%)
Mfpad cs;sd.
fzf;bfLg;gpd;go, ne;jpahtpdhy; bgwg;gl;l 82% bkhj;j gzk; mDg;g[jy; 8
ehLfspypUe;J tUfpwJ.
me;j ehLfshtd:
UAE, mbkhpf;fh, rt[jp mBugaph, fj;jhh;, Fitj; Xkd;, If;fpa uh$;$pak;
(U.K) kw;Wk; kByrpah
bkhj;jj;jpy; Bfush mjpfgA;fhd 19% idf; bfhz;Ls;sJ. njw;F gpwF
kfhuh&;ouh (16.7%) fh;ehlfh (15%) jkpH;ehL (8%) kw;Wk; bly;yp (5.9%) Mfpad
cs;sd.
Bfush, kfhuh&;ouh, fh;ehlfh kw;Wk; jkpH;ehL Mfpait midj;Jk; Brh;e;J
bkhj;j gz mDg;g[jyypy; 58.7% gA;iff; bfhz;Ls;sd.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
77
fzf;bfLg;gpw;fhd gjpy;fs; 42 mA;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l tpepBahf!;jh;fsplkpUe;J
bgwg;gl;Ls;sd. nJ 2016-17k; M;zoy; 98.% bkhj;j gz mDg;g[jiyf;
bfhz;ljhFk;.
U}gha; tiut[ Vw;ghLfs; (Rupee Drawing Arrangement – RDAI) gzk; mDg;g[jYf;fhd
gpugykhd tHp MFk;.RDA K}yk; 75.2% gzk; mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ
njidaLj;J, SWIFT (19.5%), Direct Transfer (3.4%) kw;Wk; fhBrhiy kw;Wk; tiut[
K}yk; 21.9% Mfpad cs;sd.
bkhj;j gzk; mDg;g[jypy; jdpahh; tA;fpfspd; gA;F 74.1% MFk;. bghJj;Jiw
tA;fpfspd; gA;F 17.3% MFk;. kPjKs;s gA;F btspehl;L tA;fpfspDilajhFk;.
TReDS Kiwapy; ghpth;j;jid bra;a[k; Kjy; bghJj;Jiw epWtdk;:
ne;J!;jhd; VBuhdhl;of;!; ypkpbll; (HAL) MdJ th;j;jf urPJfs; js;Sgo
mikg;g[ (TReDS) Bkilapy; ghpth;j;jid bra;j Kjy; bghJj; Jiw (PSU)
epWtdkhfpa[s;sJ.
ne;j ghpth;j;jid gBuhlh tA;fp (BOB) K}ykhf epjpa[jtp bra;ag;gl;lJ.
ne;j TReDS jskhdJ gy epjp epWtdA;fsplkpUe;J rpW, FW kw;Wk; eLj;ju bjhHpy;
epWtdA;fspd; (MSME) th;;j;jf bgWjy;fSf;F epjpaspf;f cjt[tjw;fhd xU
epfH;epiy kpd;dZ epWtd bjhHy; El;gkhFk;.
TReDS vd;gjd; tphpthf;fk; Trade Receivables Discounting System vd;ghjhFk;.
mf;Blhgh; 2017y; kj;jpa murhdJ rpW, FW kw;Wk; eLj;ju tpw;gidahsh;fSf;F
gzk; brYj;Jtjw;F midj;J bghpa bghJj;Jiw epWtdA;fSk; TReDS jsj;jpy;
niztij fl;lhakhf;fpa[s;sJ.
ne;jpa tut[fs; ghpkhw;wk; (Receivable Exchange of India) MdJ ne;jpahtpd; Kjy;
TReDS jskhFk; nJ.
Bjrpa gA;Fr; re;ij
ne;jpa rpw bjhHpy;fs; Bkk;ghl;L tA;fp
ghuj !;Bll; tA;fp
IrpIrpI tA;fp kw;Wk; ba!; tA;fp Mfpatw;why; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
ne;jpa tA;fpf; Tl;likg;g[ - 2018:
ne;jpa tA;fpf; Tl;likg;g[ (India Banking Conclave) -2018 MdJ g[Jbly;ypapy; 2018k;
Mz;L Mf!;l 23-24y; eilbgw;wJ.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
78
nJ jdJ mwpt[g; gA;fhsh; kw;Wk; muR rpe;jidr;rhtoahd epjp MBahf;Fld;
nize;J bghUshjhuf; bfhs;if Muha;r;rp ikaj;jhy; (Center for Economic and Policy
Research _CEOR) Vw;ghL bra;ag;gl;loUe;jJ.
ne;jpa tA;fpj; Jiwia vjph;fhyA;fspy; tuf;Toa rthy;fis vjph;bfhs;Sk; tifapy;
khw;wpaikg;gbj ne;jf; Tl;lj;jpd; Behf;fkhFk;.
CEPR MdJ 1983y; If;fpa uh$;aj;jpd; yz;ldpy; epWtg;gl;lJ. nJ 1983-y;
hpr;rh;l; Bghh;Bl!; My; epWtg;gl;L gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;l IBuhg;gpa bjhz;L
epWtdj;jhy; epjpaspf;fg;gLfpwJ.
IBuhg;gh kw;Wk; mjw;F mg;ghy; cs;s bghUshjhuf; bfhs;iffspd; juj;ij
Bkk;gLj;JtBj njd; Behf;fkhFk;.
cyfpd; Kjy; bghJ gpshf;brapd; gj;jpukhd “bond – I” mz;ikapy; cyf tA;fp
rh;tBjr mikg;g[ K}yk; bjhlA;fg;gl;lJ.
cyfstpy; KjyhtJ gpshf;brapd; gj;jpukhd “bond –I” mz;ikapy; cyf tA;fpahy;
bjhlA;fg;gl;lJ. nJ tpepBahfpf;fg;gl;l BgBuL bjhHpy;El;gj;ij gad;gLj;jp mjd;
RHw;rp tl;lj;ij cUthf;fp, xJf;fPL bra;J, khw;wg;gl;L kw;Wk;
eph;tfpf;fg;gLk;.“bond –I” vd;gJ gpshf;brapdhy; naf;fg;gLk; g[jpa fld; fUtpapd;
(Blockchain Operated New Debt Instrument) RUf;fkhFk;.
M!;jpBuypahtpd; fhkd;bty;jp tA;fpjhd; ne;jg; gjjpuj;ij tpepBahfpf;fk; xBu
Vw;ghl;lhsuhFk;.
nuz;L Mz;Lfhy Kjph;r;rpa[ila ne;jg; gj;jpuk;, njd; tHA;fYf;Fg;gpd; 100
kpy;ypad; M!;jpBuypa lhyiug; (80.48 kpy;ypad; mbkhpf;f lhyh;) bgw;Ws;sJ.
cyf tA;fpapd; gj;jpuA;fs; AAA kjpg;ig bfhz;Ls;sd.
K}o‟!; KjyPl;lhsh;fs; Brit mwpf;if “2018-19f;fhd cyfshtpa Bkf;Buh
mt[l;Yf;”fpd;go, 2018-k; Mz;Lf;fhd ne;jpahtpd; GDP Kd;fzpg;g[ : 7.5%
K}o‟!; KjyPl;lhsh;fs; Brit mz;ikapy; mjd; “201819f;fhd cyfshtpa
Bkf;Buh mt[l;Yf;”fpid btspapl;lJ. njpy;, ne;jpag; bghUshjhu tsh;r;rp 2018-
2019k; Mz;oy; 7.5% Mf nUf;Fk; vd;W fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nJt]k; cyfstpy;
mjpfhpj;J tUk; fr;rh vz;bza; tpiyiag; bghWj;J khWglyhk; vd;W K}o!;
epWtdk; bjhptpj;Js;sJ.
nUg;gpDk; 2018-k; Mz;od; Kjy; fhyhz;oy; ne;japhtpd; bghUshjhuk; 7.7%
mjpfhpf;Fk; vd kjpg;gPl;L epWtdk; vjph;ghh;j;jJ. G-20 ehLfspd; bghUshjhu
tsh;r;rp 2018-y; 3.3% Mft[k;, 2019-y; 3.1% Mft[k; fhzg;gLk;. mBjBghd;W
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
79
Kd;Bdwpa ehLfspd; bghUshjhuk; 2018-y; 2.3 rjtPjkhft[k;, 2019-y; 2
rjtPjkhft[k; tsh;r;rpa[Wk; vd K}o!; bjhptpj;Js;sJ.
ALL Rights Are Reserved BY
Chennai IAS Academy
The Above Mentioned Topic & Contents are
prescribed is Completely Prepared by Chennai IAS
Academy. Copying of Contents & Taking Photo copies
Are Considered as the violation of the Rights. According
to the copyright Acts.
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY – 9043211311/411
80
CHENNAI IAS ACADEMY VELLORE & TIRUVANNAMALAI
www.chennaiiasacademy.com
Contact : 9043 211 311 / 411
Weekend Batch Exclusively for college Students
Our institute offers the students with Monthly current affairs in our website
VELLORE
HEAD OFFICE
#5,National Theatre
,Next to Ambiga
Petrol bunk,vellore– 4
Contact : 9043211311
TIRUVANNAMALAI
BRANCH
#1531,Kanchi Road,Near
Anna Arch,( Opp – Honda
service ),Tv.malai
Contact : 9043211411