RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m
fwjDg-8, bs-1, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2018
Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvBb I evsjv‡`‡ki bvix mgvR :
GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
W. †gvt bRiæj Bmjvg*
Abstract
Deprived women have won the world today. They are now seen everywhere-from
aviation to warfield. There is no exception in the context of Bangladesh. From the head
of Government to important posts of the state, there is presence of women in all spheres.
But, women‟s inheritance property can not be ensured only because of backward
mentality, maledomination, ignorance and superstition. Although most women at the
marginal level adopt Islam, they are being deprived of their inheritance property in our
social perspective. Islam is talking about proper succession of women but it is not
implemented. In some cases, women are deprived of the inheritance of their property by
misinterpretation of religion. Even the religious leaders, who give lectures and statements
on the religious issues, don‟t implement inheritance law in their own cases. But to ensure
the inheritance of women in property, Islam has given clear explanation. In this article,
the background and reason behind the deprivation of inheritance of women will be
discussed in the context of Bangladesh. At the same time, the data and informantion of
deprivation from the property of marginalized women will be collected from secondary
sources and presented objectively. The principles of sharing of property for women will
also be presented in the light of Quran & Hadith.
f‚wgKv
dviv‡qR ev DËivwaKvix AvBb Bmjv‡g GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| hv‡K Bjgyj dviv‡qR
(DËivwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Ávb) wn‡m‡eI wPwýZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi
m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi wb‡`©kbv ¯úó| Zv m‡Ë¡I evsjv‡`‡ki †cÕÿvc‡U Bmjv‡gi †`Iqv
DËivwaKvi bxwZ h_vh_fv‡e gvbv n‡”Q bv wKsev ev¯Íevqb n‡”Q bv| Bmjvg GKwU
Av`k© I cwic~Y© Rxeb e¨e¯’v †hLv‡b gvby‡li cÕ‡qvRbxq mKj bxwZgvjv we`¨gvb|
evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv n‡jI Bmjv‡gi DËivwaKvi
bxwZgvjv cwic~Y© AvKv‡i ev¯Íevqb n‡”Q bv| gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb-1961 Abymv‡i
m¤úwË e›Ub n‡jI e¨w³MZ †ikv‡iwk, cvwievwiK Am‡šÍvl I Kjn, Ae¨e¯’vcbv,
cyiælZvwš¿K g‡bvfve, bvixi AmnvqZ¡, m¤úwË e›Ub m¤ú‡K© AÁZv I Kzms¯‹vi,
`vwi‡`ª¨i yóPµ wKsev AvBbx RwUjZvi `iæb m¤úwˇZ bvixi DËivwaKvi bxwZ
cwic~Y©fv‡e evsjv‡`‡k ev¯Íevqb n‡”Q bv|
gvbeZv cÕwZôvq bvixi mgvb f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| bvix‡K D‡cÿv K‡i gvbeZvi †Kvb
RvqMv m¤ú~Y© n‡Z cv‡i bv| evsjv‡`k GKwU Dbœqbkxj †`k †hLv‡b mxwgZ m¤ú‡`i
*mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv
154 Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvBb I evsjv‡`‡ki bvix mgvR : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
e¨e ’vcbv I wbqš¿Y wb‡q eûwea mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| mgmvgwqK mg‡q bvixi ÿgZvqb n‡jI
cÕvwšÍK ch©v‡q cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK bxwZgvjvq Zvi †Qvqv c~Y©v½fv‡e †`Lv hvq bv|
m¤úwË e›U‡b bvix‡K wewfbœ Dcv‡q VKv‡bv n‡”Q hv Bmjvgx bxwZgvjvi cwicš’x|
evsjv‡`k miKvi bvix bxwZgvjv ˆZix K‡i †mLv‡b m¤úwˇZ bvixi mgvbvwaKv‡ii
welqwU †ek Av‡jvPbv I mgv‡jvPbvi m„wó nq| we‡kl K‡i Bmjvgx ivR‰bwZK `j Gi
e¨cK mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| hvid‡j miKvi weeªZKi Ae¯’vq c‡o hvq| A_P evsjv‡`‡ki
AwaKvsk gymwjg cwiev‡i Bmjv‡gi †`Iqv m¤úwˇZ bvixi DËivwaKvi bxwZgvjv
ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡”Q bv| G wb‡q Bmjvgx ivR‰bwZK `j wKsev msMVb †Kvb Kg©m~Px
cvjb Ki‡Q bv| ewÂZ i‡q hv‡”Q evsjv‡`‡ki AMwYZ gymwjg bvix| bvixi
mgvbvwaKvi wb‡q †ek Av‡jvPbv n‡jI m¤úwˇZ bvixi ewÂZ nIqv‡K gvbevwaKvi
j•Nb wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡”Q bv|
M‡elYvi †hŠw³KZv
evsjv‡`‡k e¨w³i ag©xq bxwZ Abymv‡i m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix nIqvi wel‡q AvB‡b ejv
n‡q _vK‡jI Zv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb n‡”Q bv|1
evsjv‡`‡ki †cÕÿvc‡U bvix‡`i‡K
cwievi I mgv‡Ri †evSv Ges A¯’vqx m`m¨ fvev nq|2
bvix‡`i‡K mšÍvb Drcv`b I
M„nK‡g©i Rb¨ cÕavb wbqvgK wn‡m‡e aiv nq wKš` m¤úwˇZ Zv‡`i †Kvb †Kvb †cÕÿvc‡U
h_vh_ AwaKvi †`Iqv nq bv| `ytLRbKfv‡e n‡jI mZ¨ †h, mgv‡Ri ev¯Íe wPÎ
wbLyZfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq bvix‡`i‡K m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix †_‡K ewÂZ
Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Gi eûwea KviY _vK‡jI bvixiv wewfbœ †cÕÿvc‡U Zv gyL ey‡R mn¨
K‡i _v‡Kb| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R wcZvi g„Zz¨i ci †Q‡jiv †g‡q‡`i Ask †`qbv ev w`‡Z
Mwogwm Kivmn AmsL¨ Awbqg †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| GgbwK weaev bvix‡`i‡KI Zv‡`i
h_vh_ DËivwaKvix †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K|3
cÕvwšÍK ch©v‡q †`Lv hvq, bvix‡`i 90
kZvsk Rwgi gvwjKvbv fvB‡`i|4
Ab¨ M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, evsjv‡`‡k gymjgvb‡`i
g‡a¨ †KejgvÎ 43.2 kZvsk bvix Zv‡`i DËivwaKvix m¤úwË †c‡q _v‡K|5
1996
mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki GK M‡elYvq †`Lv †`‡Q, K…wl Rwgi gvwjKvbv †ÿ‡Î †KejgvÎ 3.5
kZvsk Rwgi gvwjK gwnjv‡`i|6
m¤úwˇZ bvixi ewÂZ nIqv‡K cÕvK Bmjvgx hy‡M
bvixi m¤úwË †_‡K ewÂZ nIqvi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv hvq| †Kbbv, cÕvK Bmjvgx hy‡M g„Zz¨
e¨w³i m¤úwË I cwiPvjbv, wewj e›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb myôz bxwZgvjv wQjbv Ges
DËivwaKv‡i gwnjv‡`i †Kvb Ask †`Iqv nZ bv|7
m¤úwˇZ bvixi DËivwaKvi †Kej gvbevwaKv‡ii welqB bq Gi mv‡_ RwoZ
i‡q‡Q Avw_©K I mvgvwRK †cÕÿvcUI| bvixi m¤úwˇZ DËivwaKvi bxwZ cÕK…Z A‡_©
ev¯Íevqb bv nIqvq wewfbœ iKg A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK mgm¨v ˆZix n‡”Q|
Gi d‡j AviI mvgvwRK mgm¨vi m„wó n‡”Q| G †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ ˆZix n‡”Q wewfbœ
AvBb-Kvb~b I bxwZgvjv| Bmjv‡g m¤úwË e›U‡b mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q| g„Z e¨w³i
m¤úwË e›U‡b KziAv‡bi wewfbœ m~ivq my¯úó wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| †m‡ÿ‡Î mšÍvb †m
cyiæl wKsev bvix †nvK Zv‡`i mywbw ©ó Ask wba©vib K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Bmjv‡gi dviv‡qR
RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 155
bxwZ‡K my¯úófv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡j †`Lv hvq, wbtmšÍvb fvB‡qi m¤úwˇZ †ev‡bi
AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|8
GgbwK bcysmK ev wnRov n‡jI DËivwaKvi cvIqvi welqwU ¯úó Kiv
n‡q‡Q|9
GUv AZ¨šÍ Mwn©Z Aciva I ¸bv‡ni KvR| Gi d‡j wKqvg‡Zi w`b m¤úwË
AvZ¥mva Kivi Aciv‡a `wÐZ n‡Z n‡e|10
A_P evsjv‡`k GKwU gymjgvb †`k n‡qI
†m wbq‡gi e¨Z¨q n‡”Q| Bmjvg‡K †KejgvÎ Bev`Z-e‡›`Mxi (bvgvR, †ivRv wKsev
Ab¨ †Kvb ag©xq Drme) g‡a¨ mxgve× †i‡L Rxeb cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q| GK †kÕYxi
gvbyl KziAv‡bi AvB‡bi Ace¨vL¨v w`‡q _v‡K| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb d‡ZvqvevR wb‡Ri
gZ K‡i Bmjv‡gi e¨vL¨v w`‡q _v‡K| m¤úwË e›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î Bmjv‡gi †`Iqv GB
bxwZgvjv‡K †KD Ae‡njv wKsev ei‡Ljvc K‡i cwic~Y©Zv Avbqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
†Kbbv Bmjv‡gi mKj wbqg-bxwZ gvbv I cvjb Kivi g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q gvbe Rxe‡bi
m‡e©vËg Kj¨vY|
Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvBb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
DËivwaKvi AvBb dviv‡qR AvBb e‡j cwiwPZ| g„Z e¨w³i cwiZ¨³ m¤úwË RxweZ
DËivwaKvix‡`i g‡a¨ KziAvb, nv`xm I wdKn Abyhvqx e›Ub Kiv‡K dviv‡qR e‡j| †h
e¨w³ dviv‡qR m~‡Î g„Z e¨w³i m¤úwË cvq Zv‡K DËivwaKvix ejv nq| dviv‡qR ev
DËivwaKvi GKwU AKvU¨ AvBb| cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv wbmvq GB AvB‡bi D‡jøL
i‡q‡Q| GB m~ivq Askx`vi‡`i Rb¨ QqwU fMœvsk 2/3, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/6, Ges
1/8 Gi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|11
DËivwaKvix m¤ú‡K© msÁv w`‡Z wM‡q AvBbÁ W. Avi †K wmbnv e‡jb, ÖGKRb
g„Z e¨w³i m¤úwË B”QvcÎ/DBj A_ev DBjwenxb/B”QvcÎwenxb AbyewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i|
DBjK…Z m¤úwËi AbyeZ©b g„Ze¨w³i GKwU DB‡ji gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z nq| DBjwenxb
m¤úwËi AbyeZ©b‡Ki DËivwaKvi ejv nq hvi gva¨‡g g„Z e¨w³i m¤úwËi wbw`©ó
Askmg~n Zvi AvBbMZ DËivwaKvixMY †c‡q _v‡Kb| DËivwaKvix‡`i cÕvc¨ Ask
AvBb Øviv wba©vwiZ|12
DËivwaKvi †_‡K bvixi ewÂZ nIqvi KviY
1. DËivwaKvi m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ Ávb bv _vKv
evsjv‡`‡k bvix wkÿvi nvi mgmvgwqK mg‡q evo‡jI G Ae¯’v c~‡e© LyeB Lvivc wQj|
wkÿvi nvi evo‡jI bvix wkÿvi nvi †Zgb evo‡Q bv| eZ©gv‡b wkÿvi nvi evo‡jI
cÕvwšÍK ch©v‡qi bvixiv cÕK…Z wkÿvi evB‡i †_‡K hv‡”Qb| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb RvqMvq
wkÿvi Av‡jv bvix‡`i gv‡S Qwo‡q co‡jI DËivwaKvi AvBb I bxwZgvjv m¤ú‡K©
cÕK…Z I h_vh_ Ávb bv _vKvi `iæb cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e›Ub †_‡K bvixiv ewÂZ n‡q
_v‡K|13
156 Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvBb I evsjv‡`‡ki bvix mgvR : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
2. AvZ¥xqZvi eÜb wQbœ nIqvi AvksKv
ˆcwÎK m¤úK© wKsev bvixi Uv‡bi m¤úK© †KD wQbœ Ki‡Z Pvq bv| mvaviYfv‡e aviYv
Kiv n‡q _v‡K gwnjviv hw` ˆcwÎK m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix Ask `vwe K‡i _v‡K Z‡e
wcÎvj‡qi mv‡_ ¯^vfvweK m¤úK© bó n‡q hv‡e wKsev wew”Qbœ n‡q hv‡e| AvZ¥xqZvi eÜb
my`„p ivLvi Rb¨ gwnjviv ˆcwÎK m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix cÕvc¨Zv †_‡K wb‡R‡K `y‡i
iv‡L|14
3. bvixi weev‡n LiP †hvMv‡bv
evsjv‡`‡ki †cÕÿvc‡U bvixi weev‡ni LiP †hvMv‡bv Kb¨vi wcZv wKsev wcÎvjq †_‡KB
Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GKBmv‡_ ˆewk¦K cÕfv‡e weev‡ni LiP A‡bK e„w× †c‡q‡Q| bvixi
weev‡ni LiP †h‡nZz Zzjbvg~jK †ekx wKsev †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î ei‡K Kb¨vi cÿ †_‡K
†hØZzK cÕ`vb Ki‡Z nq †m‡ÿ‡Î bvixi weev‡ni LiP †RvMv‡bv‡K DËivwaKvi cÕvc¨Zvi
mv‡_ mgš^q Kiv n‡q _v‡K|15
Avi ZvB wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ wcZvi DËivwaKvix m¤úwË
wemR©b †`Iqv nq|
4. bvixi bvBIi nviv‡bvi fq
cÕPwjZfv‡e gvby‡li aviYv, bvix Zvi ˆcwÎK wbev‡m †eov‡Z Avmv (RvgvB I Kb¨vmn
kïi evox‡Z kxZKvjxb †eov‡bv, ˆRô¨ gv‡mi Avg KvVvj LvIqvi ixwZ, C` wKsev
Ab¨ †Kvb Dcj‡ÿ¨ †eov‡Z Avmv) Dcj‡ÿ¨ Av`i Avc¨vqb‡K bvixi m¤úwËi
DËivwaKvixi mv‡_ mgš^q K‡i _v‡Kb| mevi g‡a¨ e×g~j aviYv bvixiv hw` ˆcwÎK
m¤úwËi fvM †bb Zvn‡j ˆcwÎK wbev‡m bvBIi nviv‡Z n‡e|16
¯^vfvweKfv‡eB †Kvb
bvix Zvi mšÍvb‡`i‡K ˆcwÎK wfUvi mv‡_ m¤úK© wQbœ Ki‡Z Pvb bv Ges GB Kvi‡YB
†Kej wcZvi DËivwaKvix m¤úwËi `vwe K‡i bv|17
5. bvixi AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv
evsjv‡`‡k wkÿvi nvi e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ bvixi Kg©ms¯’vbI †e‡o‡Q| bvixi ¯^vej¤^xZv
wKsev AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZvi Kvi‡YiI †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î bvixiv Zv‡`i cÕvc¨ m¤úwËi
DËivwaKvix MÕnY †_‡K wb‡R‡`i‡K ewÂZ K‡i _v‡Kb| evsjv‡`‡ki †cÕÿvc‡U bvixi
GwM‡q hvIqv wKsev ¯^wkÿvq wkwÿZ n‡q Kg©ms¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri LiP †RvMv‡bvi
mvg_©¨ ˆZixi d‡j ˆcwÎK m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix MÕnY K‡ibv wKsev †¯^”Qvq †Q‡o †`q|18
6. bvixev`x gb¯ÍË¡ I AwfÁZvi Afve
bvix †h‡nZz mvsmvwiK Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú„³ _v‡Kb Ges mšÍvb-mšÍwZ‡`i mvwe©K
ZË¡veav‡b _v‡Kb †mB j‡ÿ Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K m¤úwË †_‡K `y‡i _vK‡Z Pvb| m¤úwËi
fvM †`Iqv I †bIqv †_‡K `y‡i †_‡K Sv‡gjvgy³ _vK‡Z Pvb| cvkvcvwk m¤úwË
†`Lvïbv wKsev †fvM-`Lj Kivi cÕ‡kœ bvixi `ÿZv I AwfÁZv Kg _vKvi `iæb ˆcwÎK
m¤úwËi cÕwZ AvMÕn Kg _v‡K|19
RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 157
7. bvixi wbivcËvnxbZv
†`‡ki cÎ-cwÎKvq memgqB †`Lv hvq, m¤úwË wb‡q ØÜ-msNvZ, gvivgvwi GgbwK Lyb-
LvivweI wbZ¨-ˆbwgwËK NUbv n‡q `vwo‡q‡Q| RwgRgv msµvšÍ wel‡q bvix wbivcËvnxb
I AvksKvi g‡a¨ Rxeb AwZevwnK Ki‡Z nq| ZvB A‡bK bvix wb‡Ri wbivcËv I
cwiev‡ii Sv‡gjvi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i m¤úwË wb‡Z Pvq bv|20
8. cÖvc¨ Ask ey‡S wb‡Z PvB‡jI fvB‡`i KvQ †_‡K h_vh_ mn‡hvwMZv bv cvIqv
A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq wcZv mKj mšÍvb‡`i g‡a¨ m¤úwË kixqZ †gvZv‡eK e›Ub K‡i
†`b wKš` fvBiv †m m¤úwË w`‡Z Ae‡njv wKsev Amn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve †`wL‡q
_v‡K|21
fvB‡`i cÕfve I †jvfx g‡bvfve ˆcwÎK m¤úwˇZ †fvM`Lj KwVb n‡q c‡o
bvix‡`i|
9. Ask Lye Kg nIqvq A‡b‡K wb‡Z Pvq bv
†Kvb †Kvb †cÕÿvc‡U msmv‡i fvB-†ev‡bi msL¨v †ekx n‡j dviv‡qR e›Ub bxwZgvjv
†gvZv‡eK m¤úwË e›Ub Kiv n‡j G‡KK RvqMvq ÿz`ª ÿz`ª Rwg †c‡q _v‡K|22
hv †fvM-
`Lj Kiv A‡bK `yiæn| GKBmv‡_ hLb m¤ú‡`i Iqvwikiv Amn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K †m
†cÕÿvc‡U †m m¤úwË †fvM Kiv AviI yiæn n‡q _v‡K wKsev †Kvb †Kvb †cÕÿvc‡U
Am¤¢eI n‡q `vovq|
10. `~i‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y A‡b‡K wb‡Z Pvq bv
†Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î †g‡q‡`i weevn n‡q _v‡K ˆcwÎK GjvKv †_‡K A‡bK `yi‡Z¡ †m
†cÕÿvc‡U m¤úwËi fvM †bIqv †g‡q‡`i c‡ÿ A‡bK `yiƒn n‡q _v‡K| Gme †ÿ‡Î
m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi †_‡K bvixiv nqZ ewÂZ n‡q _v‡Kb wKsev DËivwaKvix cÕvc¨Zv
cwiZ¨vM K‡i Av‡mb|23
11. bvixi AvZ¥m¤§vb
ˆcwÎK m¤úwˇZ DËivwaKvix MÕnY KivUv‡K mvgvwRKfv‡e LvU K‡i †`Lv nq|
GKBmv‡_ bvixi ˆcwÎK m¤úwË †_‡K fvM †bIqv‡K dviv‡qR wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q
_v‡K| Avi hviv dviv‡qR MÕnY K‡i Zv‡`i‡K mvgvwRK I HwnZ¨MZfv‡e †nq cÕwZcbœ
Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G welqUv‡K gv_vq †i‡L A‡bK bvix I Zvi ¯^vgx wKsev mšÍv‡biv
m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix `vex K‡ib bv|24
12. m¤úwË AvBb m¤ú‡K© AÁZv
m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix e›Ub I wnm¨v wba©vib GKwU RwUj welq wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki
†cÕÿvc‡U we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †hØ_ cwievi wKsev AwaK mšÍvb evsjv‡`‡ki
cwievi¸‡jv‡Z GK ¯^vfvweK ixwZ| G Ae¯’vq Iqvwi‡ki cÕvc¨ Ask wba©vib `y‡e©va¨
158 Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvBb I evsjv‡`‡ki bvix mgvR : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
welq| ZvB AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB †`Lv hvq, bvixiv m¤úwË m¤úwK©Z mswkøó AvBb m¤ú‡K©
Rv‡bbv|25
hZUzKz Rv‡b ZZUzKzI Avevi cyiæl kvwlZ mgvRe¨e¯’v Øviv Ave×|
13. mvs¯‹…wZK euvav
Avgv‡`i mgvR e¨e¯’vq bvixi m¤úwˇZ AwaKvi I gvwjKvbv‡K ¯^vfvweKfv‡e †bIqv
nq bv wKsev cÕvPxb Kvj †_‡KB bvix †KejgvÎ N‡ii †`Lv-†kvbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ|
Zviv m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv n‡e †mUv‡K ¯^vfvweKfv‡e wb‡Z cv‡i bv| ms¯‹…wZi GB
†bwZevPK cÕfve gvby‡li g‡a¨ g¾vMZ n‡q Av‡Q|26
†mLvb †_‡K †ei n‡q AvmvUv Lye
mnR g‡b n‡”Q bv|
14. cyiæl kvwmZ mgvRe¨e¯’v
cyiælZvwš¿K mgvRe¨e ’vi Rb¨ mevB g‡b K‡i m¤ú‡`i gvwjK †Kej cyiæl|27
ZvB
gwnjv‡`i DËivwaKvix †_‡K cÕvß m¤úwË †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î bvixiv MÕnY Ki‡jI Zv ¯vgx
wKsev fvB‡`i wj‡L †`Iqv nq|
15. mvgvwRK evuav
cyiæl kvwmZ mgvRe¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ w`‡q bvix‡K emevm Ki‡Z nq| †hLv‡b bvix N‡ii
evB‡i †ei n‡Z cv‡i bv wKsev ag©xq evuav wb‡l‡ai Kvi‡Y Zviv evB‡i hvq bv| †Kvb
†Kvb †ÿ‡Î c`©v Kivi `iæbI gwnjviv evB‡i †h‡Z Pvq bv| Gme mvgvwRK ev ag©xq
Kvi‡YI bvixiv DËivwaKvix m¤úwË MÕnY ev AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|28
16. fvB‡`i m¤úwˇZ bvixiv fvM emv‡Z Pvqbv
fvB-†ev‡bi m¤úK© evsjvi BwZnvm I HwZ‡n¨i Ask| fvB‡qi ¯^v_© iÿv wKsev fvB‡K
fvj ivLvi Rb¨ mKj ¯^v_© Z¨vM Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq evsjvi Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P| †evb‡`i GB
¯^v_© Z¨vM wcZvi m¤úwË e›Ub †ÿ‡ÎI cÕfve c‡o _v‡K| ¯^vfvweK ixwZ wn‡m‡e g‡b
Kiv nq wcZvi m¤úwË DËivwaKvi m~‡Î fvB cv‡e †mB m¤úwË †Kvbfv‡eB †evbiv wb‡Z
Pvq bv|29
17. eûweev‡ni cÖfve
mgv‡R eû weevn we`¨gvb _vKvq wcZvi GKvwaK mšÍvb _vKvi d‡j Rwg e›U‡b mgm¨v
†`Lv †`q| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R mr fvB wKsev †evb‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© fvj bv _vKvUv GKwU
¯^vfvweK ixwZ‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| †mB †cÕÿvc‡U mr †evb‡`i m¤úwË w`‡Z fvBiv
†Kvbfv‡eB ivwR _v‡K bv|30
bvixi DËivwaKvi m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi wb‡`©kbv
Bmjvg GKwU Av`k© Rxeb e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e gvbe RvwZi Rb¨ wba©viY K‡i‡Qb gnvb
iveŸyj Avjvwgb| gvbe RvwZ hLb mKj w`K †_‡K AÜKv‡i wbgw¾Z wQj ZLb
Avjøvni eÜz †kÕô bex I ivm~j nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi gva¨‡g c_åó gvbe RvwZ‡K
RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 159
mwVK c‡_i mÜvb w`‡q‡Qb| gvbyl Dcnvi †c‡q‡Q GK DbœZ Rxeb †hLv‡b b¨vq I
mvg¨ev‡`i RqMvb my¯úó| eÂbv wKsev Ae‡njv Kivi my‡hvM bvB| bvix-cyiæ‡li
†fv`v‡f` †bB| GgbwK cÕvYx I cwi‡e‡kiI AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Bmjv‡g|
c„w_ex‡Z we`¨gvb mK‡ji fvimvg¨c~Y© AwaKvi cÕ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q cvkvcvwk Zv wbwðZ
Kivi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K mywbw`©ó `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cÕ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m †cÕÿvc‡U m¤úwËi
DËivwaKvi e›U‡b bvix-cyiæ‡li Rb¨ wbw`©ó GKwU wnm¨v wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
gnvb Avjøvn m¤úwˇZ bvix-cyiæ‡li mK‡ji Ask wba©vwiZ K‡i‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i
e¨w³i m¤úwˇZ fvB-†ev‡bi wba©vwiZ Ask i‡q‡Q hvi mywbw`©ó mxgv‡iLv Bmjv‡g
wba©vib K‡i †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Bmjv‡gi †`Iqv mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv AbymiY Ki‡j gvbe
Rxe‡b mKj w`K w`‡q Kj¨vY e‡q Avb‡e| Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvix nIqvi Rb¨ e¨w³i
eqm, †hvM¨Zv ev wj‡½i cv_©K¨ †`Lv nq bv| Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z ïay g„‡Zi eskai Ges
wbKU AvZ¥xqivB Zvi cwiZ¨v³ m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix n‡Z cv‡i| Bmjvgx DËivwaKvi
AvBb Abyhvqx cvjK cyÎ Zvi cvjK wcZvi m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi n‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kbbv
m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi nIqvi †¶‡Î cvjK cy‡Îi †P‡q wb‡Ri es‡ki †jv‡KivB AwaK
†hvM¨ hv AvZ¥xqZvi m¤ú‡K© mymsMZ K‡i| g„‡Zi cwiZ¨³ m¤úwˇZ RxweZ AvZ¥xq‡`i
Kvi wnm¨v KZUzKz Zv KziAvb gRx‡` cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q| myZivs Zv AKvU¨ I
ب_©nxb| G‡Z cyiæ‡li wnm¨v †hgb Av‡Q †Zgwb Av‡Q bvixi wnm¨v| Bmjv‡gi †`Iqv
dviv‡qR bxwZ KziAvb I nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj|
DËivwaKv‡ii wba©vwiZ Ask Avjøvn&& ZvÔAvjvi cÿ †_‡K gxgvswmZ A_©vr wewfbœ
Iqvwi‡ki Rb¨ wewfbœ Ask †KviAv‡b wbw`©ó K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv Avjøvn&& ZvÔAvjvi cÿ
†_‡K wba©vwiZ Ask| Bmjvgx DËivwaKvi bxwZ Abymv‡i †m H Rwgi ˆea Askx`vi|
Avjøvn&& ZvÔAvjv KZ©„K wba©vwiZ gxivm AvBb h_vh_fv‡e Avjøvn&&i mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ cvjb
Kivi e¨vcv‡i mveavbZv Aej¤^b Kiv Riæix| Gme e¨vcv‡i AmveavbZv I ˆkw_j¨
cÕ`k©b Avjøvn&&i Av‡`‡ki cwicš’x| DËivwaKvi‡`i cÕvc¨ Ask m¤ú‡K© Avj-KziAv‡bi
†NvlYv n‡jv, ÖAvjøvn&& †Zvgv‡`i mšÍvb m¤‡Ü wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, GK cy‡Îi Ask `yB
Kb¨vi As‡ki mgvb; wKš` †Kej Kb¨v `yB-Gi AwaK _vK‡j Zv‡`i Rb¨ cwiZ¨³
m¤úwËi `yB-Z…Zxqvsk, Avi gvÎ GK Kb¨v _vK‡j Zvi Rb¨ Aa©vsk| Zvi mšÍvb _vK‡j
Zvi wcZv-gvZv cÕ‡Z¨‡Ki Rb¨ cwiZ¨³ m¤úwËi GK-lôvsk; †m wbtmšÍvb n‡j Ges
wcZv-gvZvB DËivwaKvix n‡j Zvi gvZvi Rb¨ GK-Z…Zxqvsk; Zvi fvB-†evb _vK‡j
gvZvi Rb¨ GK-lôvsk; G meB †m hv IwmqvZ K‡i Zv †`Iqvi Ges FY cwi‡kv‡ai
ci| †Zvgv‡`i wcZv I mšÍvb‡`i g‡a¨ DcKv‡i †K †Zvgv‡`i wbKUZi Zv †Zvgiv
AeMZ bn| wbðqB GUv Avjøvn&&i weavb; Avjøvn&& me©Á, cÖÁvgq|Ó31
G cÕm‡½ Avj-KziAv‡b Aci Avqv‡Z Avjøvn&& ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Ö†Zvgv‡`i ¯¿x‡`i
cwiZ¨³ m¤úwËi Aa©vsk †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨, hw` Zv‡`i †Kvb mšÍvb bv _v‡K Ges Zv‡`i
mšÍvb _vK‡j †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ Zv‡`i cwiZ¨³ m¤úwËi GK-PZz_©vsk; IwmqvZ cvjb Ges
FY cwi‡kv‡ai ci| †Zvgv‡`i mšÍvb bv _vK‡j Zv‡`i Rb¨ †Zvgv‡`i cwiZ¨³ m¤úwËi
160 Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvBb I evsjv‡`‡ki bvix mgvR : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
GK-PZz_©vsk, Avi †Zvgv‡`i mšÍvb _vK‡j Zv‡`i Rb¨ †Zvgv‡`i cwiZ¨³ m¤úwËi
GK-Aógvsk; †Zvgiv hv IwmqvZ Ki‡e Zv †`Iqvi ci Ges FY cwi‡kv‡ai ci| hw`
wcZv-gvZv I mšÍvbnxb †Kvb cyiæl A_ev bvixi DËivwaKvix _v‡K Zvi GK ˆewc‡Îq
fvB A_ev fMœx, Z‡e cÕ‡Z¨‡Ki Rb¨ GK-lôvsk| Zvi AwaK n‡j mK‡j mg Askx`vi
n‡e GK-Z…Zxqvsk; GUv hv IwmqvZ Kiv nq Zv †`Iqvi Ges FY cwi‡kv‡ai ci, hw`
KviI Rb¨ ÿwZKi bv nq| GUv Avjøvn&&i wb‡`©k, Avjøvn&& me©Á, mnbkxj|Ó32
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Bikv` K‡i‡Qb, ÖwcZv-gvZv Ges wbKUZi AvZ¥xq‡`i cwiZ¨³
m¤úwˇZ cyiæ‡li Ask Av‡Q Ges wcZvgvZv I wbKUZi AvZ¥xq‡`i cwiZ¨³ m¤úwˇZ
bvixiI Ask Av‡Q| Zv AíB †nvK ev †ewk, GK wba©vwiZ Ask|Ó33
G Kvi‡YB gxiv‡Qi wba©vwiZ wnm¨vi Dci AvcwË Kiv, Ryjyg ev ˆel‡g¨i Awf‡hvM
†Zvjvi A_© mivmwi Avjøvn ZvAvjvi wm×v‡šÍi ei‡Ljvc| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv gxiv‡Qi
weavb m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, ÖAvi †h Avjøvn I Zvui ivm~‡ji Aeva¨ n‡e Ges Zvui wba©vwiZ
mxgv‡K j•Nb Ki‡e wZwb Zv‡K †`vh‡L wb‡¶c Ki‡eb| †mLv‡b †m ¯’vqx n‡e Ges Zvi
Rb¨ i‡q‡Q jvÃbvKi kvw¯Í|Ó34
Ab¨ GK Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, ÖGes †Zvgiv DËivwaKvix‡`i cÕvc¨ m¤ú`
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c fÿY K‡i †dj,Ó35
Ab¨ GK Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, ÖZviv †hb fq K‡i †h,
Amnvq mšÍvb wcQ‡b †Q‡o †M‡j ZvivI Zv‡`i m¤‡Ü DwØMœ n‡Z| myZivs Zviv †hb
Avjøvn&‡K fq K‡i Ges msMZ K_v e‡j|Ó36
G Avqv‡Zi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vi ci Be‡b
Zvevix (i.) †h gZ cÕKvk K‡ib Zvi fvev_© nj †Kvb g„Zz¨kh¨vq _vKv Ae¯’vq
Imxq‡Zi gva¨‡g †h m¤úwË e›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î †hb Aek¨B wbR mšÍvb‡`i K_v †Lqvj ivLv
nq| Zv‡K Amnvq Ae¯’vq m¤úwË †_‡K ewÂZ K‡i g„Zz¨kh¨vq Av‡kcv‡k Ae¯’vbKvix
AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb ev BqvZxg wgmwKb‡K m¤úwËi GK Z…Zxqvs‡ki AwaK m¤úwË ImxqZ bv
K‡i|37
Avqv‡Z Ab¨Î G‡m‡Q, Avjøvn&i evYx, Ö†jv‡K †Zvgvi wbKU e¨e¯’v Rvb‡Z Pvq|
ej, wcZv-gvZvnxb wbtmšÍvb e¨w³ m¤‡Ü †Zvgv‡`i‡K Avjøvn& e¨e ’v Rvbv‡”QbÑ †Kvb
cyiæl gviv †M‡j †m hw` mšÍvbnxb nq Ges Zvi GK fwMœ _v‡K Z‡e Zvi R‡b¨ cwiZ¨³
m¤úwËi Aa©vsk, Ges †m hw` mšÍvbnxbv nq Z‡e Zvi fvB Zvi DËivwaKvix n‡e|38
nv`x‡m h_vh_fv‡e gxivm eȇbi cÕwZ ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ave~ ûivqiv (iv.)
†_‡K ewY©Z| wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn& (mv.) e‡j‡Qb: Avwg gy×wgb‡`i wbKU Zv‡`i cÕv‡Yi
†P‡qI AwaK wcÕq| †h e¨w³ ab m¤ú` †i‡L gviv hvq Zvi ab m¤ú` Zvi AvmvevMY
jvf Ki‡e|39
Avi †h e¨w³ FY †i‡L gviv hvq AvwgB ne Zvi AwffveK| myZivs
Avgvi Kv‡QB †hb Zv PvIqv nq|40
nv`xm kix‡d Av‡iv G‡m‡Q, Be&b AveŸvm (iv.)
m~‡Î bex (mv.) †_‡K ewY©Z| wZwb e‡jb: cÕvc¨sk Zvi nK`v‡ii Kv‡Q †cØwQ‡q `vI|
Gici hv Aewkó _vK‡e Zvi gvwjK n‡e Zvi wbKUZg cyiæl e¨w³|41
Iqvwikx m¤úwË
eȇbi ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i nv`x‡m Av‡iv G‡m‡Q, Ave~ ûivqiv (iv.) m~‡Î bex (mv.) †_‡K
RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 161
ewY©Z| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, gy×wgb‡`i †KD FY †i‡L gviv †M‡j Zv Av`vq Kiv Avgvi
wR¤§vq| Avi †h ab-m¤ú` †i‡L †M‡j Zv DËivwaKvix‡`i Rb¨|42
Iqvwi‡ki welqwU GZUvB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h nv`x‡m G‡m‡Q, nhiZ Rv‡ei (iv.) n‡Z
ewY©Z Av‡Q, ivm~jyjøvn& (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, ÖbeRvZ mšÍvb f~wgó nIqvi mgq wPrKvi w`‡j
A_©vr RxweZ Ae¯’vq f~wgó nIqv cÕgvwYZ n‡j, Zvi Rb¨ QvjvZzj Rvbvhv Av`vq Ki‡Z
n‡e Ges gxivm †_‡K Zvi cÕvc¨ Ask w`‡Z n‡e|Ó43
Aci nv`x‡m ivm~jyjøvn& (mv.)
e‡jb, Öhvi Rb¨ †Kvb Iqvwik †bB, LvjyB Zvi Iqvwik; wZwb Zvi m¤úwËi
DËivwaKvix n‡eb Ges Zv‡K `vqgy³ Ki‡eb|Ó44
Aci GK nv`x‡m Ave`yjøvn Bebyj AveŸvm (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, ivm~jyjøvn&
(mv.) e‡j‡Qb, ÔIqvwim‡`i‡K Zv‡`i cÕvc¨ Ask w`‡q `vI| Gici hv Aewkó _vK‡e
Zv g„Z e¨w³i wbKUeZ©x cyiæl ÔAvmvevn&‡K w`‡q `vI|×45
g~jZ DËivwaKv‡ii gva¨‡g Iqvwikiv †h gvwjKvbv jvf K‡i Zv Avjøvn&&i cÿ †_‡K
gxgvswmZ weavb| G‡Z Kv‡iv wbR¯^ AwfgZ I Abygv‡bi wfwˇZ GUv cwieZ©b-cwiea©b
Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi †bB| G‡Z Iqvwik‡`i Keyj Kiv Ges m¤§Z nIqv Riæix bq| hw`
†Kn ¯úóZ e‡j †h, †m Zvi Ask †b‡e bv ZeyI AvBbZt †m wb‡Ri As‡ki gvwjK n‡q
hvq| ZvB Bmjv‡gi bxwZgvjv Abymv‡i gwnjv‡`i Ask h_vh_fv‡e eywS‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
G‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb cÕKvi Ae‡njv wKsev Mwogwm Kiv hv‡e bv|
Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvB‡bi ¸iæZ¡
Bmjv‡gi cÕ‡Z¨KwU weavb gvbe RvwZi Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi| RvMwZK A‡bK wbqg-Kvb~b
cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q wKsev fzj cÕgvwYZ n‡”Q wKš` 1500 eQ‡ii cyi‡bv Bmjvgx bxwZgvjv
gvbe Rxe‡bi Rb¨ †ekx cÕ‡qvRbxq n‡q `vwo‡q‡Q| ZvB Bmjv‡gi †`Iqv dviv‡qR
AvBb h_vh_fv‡e gvb‡Z n‡e Ges Ab¨‡K gvbvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q me©vwaK g½j| Bmjv‡gi dviv‡qR bxwZgvjv‡K KZUv ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Zv
wb‡¤œv³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ¯úó n‡q DV‡e|
m¤úwË e›Ub‡K GZUvB ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q †h, Avj-KziAv‡bi GKvwaK RvqMvq
G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q| wgivm‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q gnvb iveŸyj Avjvwgb Avj-KziAv‡b
e‡jb, ÖGBme Avjøvn&i wba©vwiZ mxgv| †Kn Avjøvn& I Zvui ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡j
Avjøvn& Zv‡K `vwLj Ki‡eb Rvbœv‡Z, hvi cv`‡`‡k b`x cÕevwnZ; †mLv‡b Zviv ¯’vqx n‡e
Ges GUv gnv mvdj¨|Ó46
BqvnBqv Be&b KvhÕAv (iv.) mv` Beb Ave~ Iqv°vm (iv.) e‡jb, we`vq n‡¾i
eQi Avwg gvivZ¥K †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q g„Zz¨i wbKUeZ©x n‡q cwo ZLb ivm~jyjøvn& (mv.)
Avgv‡K †`L‡Z Av‡mb, ZLb Avwg ejjvg, Bqv ivm~jyjøvn&! Avgvi †ivM wK ch©vq
†cu؇Q‡Q Zv Avcwb †`L‡Z cv‡”Qb| Avwg GKRb weËevb †jvK| Avgvi Iqvwik n‡”Q
GKwU gvÎ Kb¨v| Avwg Avgvi m¤ú‡`i `yB-Z…Zxqvsk Avjøvn&i iv¯Ívq m`Kv K‡i w`e|
162 Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvBb I evsjv‡`‡ki bvix mgvR : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
wZwb ej‡jb, bv| Avwg ejjvg, Z‡e wK A‡a©K? wZwb ej‡jb, †n mv×`, GK Z…Zxqvsk
`vb Ki| GK-Z…ZxqvskB A‡bK †ewk| Zzwg †Zvgvi mšÍvb-mšÍwZ‡`i‡K weËevb †i‡L
hvI GUvB DËg| Gi PvB‡Z †h Zzwg Zv‡`i‡K wbt¯ †i‡L †Mj †h Zviv A‡b¨i wbKU
nvZ †c‡Z wfÿv K‡i|47
G m¤ú‡K© Ab¨ GKwU nv`x‡m G‡m‡Q, ÖmvÔ` (iv.) n‡Z ewY©Z| wZwb e‡jb: Avwg
g°vq †ivMvµvšÍ n‡q co‡j ivm~j mv. Avgvi †mev-ïkÕælv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Avwg ejjvg:
Avgvi A_©-m¤ú` Av‡Q, Avwg wK mewKQzi Rb¨ AwQqZ Ki‡Z cvwi? wZwb ej‡jb: bv|
Avwg ejjvg: Z‡e A‡a©K gv‡ji Rb¨? wZwb ej‡jb: bv| Avwg cybivq ejjvg: GK-
Z…Zxqvs‡ki Rb¨? wZwb ej‡jb: Zzwg GK-Z…Zxqvs‡ki Ici AwQqZ Ki‡Z cvi| Z‡e
BnvI †ekx| cÕ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡Ri IqvwiQMY A‡b¨i wbKU nvZ cvZ‡Z eva¨
n‡e| Giƒc Ae¯’vq Zv‡`i‡K †i‡L hvIqvi e`‡j abx Ae¯’vq †i‡L hvIqv A‡bK fvj|
Zzwg Zv‡`i Rb¨ hLbB hv wKQz LiP Ki, Zv †Zvgvi Rb¨ mv`Kvn wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq|
GgbwK Zzwg †Zvgvi ¯¿xi gy‡L Lv‡`¨i †h †jvKgvwU Zz‡j `vI ZvI mv`Kvn| Avjøvn&
†Zvgv‡K `xN©Rxwe Kiæb|48
mšÍv‡bi fiY-†cvlY n‡”Q Zvi Lvbvwcbv, _vKv I †cvkvK-cwi”Q‡`i e¨e¯’v Kiv|
we‡kl K‡i hwÏb †m wbR¯^fv‡e DcvR©b Ki‡Z A¶g _vK‡e| Avi hw` †KD Zv bv
K‡i Zvn‡j Zvi cÕwZ ivm~j (mv.) ûwkqvi evYx D”PviY K‡i‡Qb| G cÕm‡½ nv`x‡m
G‡m‡Q, ÔAvãyjøvn& Be&b ÔAvgi iv. n‡Z ewY©Z; ivm~j (mv.) e‡j‡Qb: hv‡`i LvIqv-civi
KZ©„Z¡ GKR‡bi nv‡Z, †m hw` Zv eÜ K‡i †`q, Z‡e G KvRB Zvi eo ¸bvn& nIqvi
Rb¨ h‡_ó|Ó49
cwiev‡ii Rb¨ e¨q Ges cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i fiY-†cvl‡Yi e¨e ’v Kiv DËg
mv`Kvn Zzj¨| G cÕm‡½ nv`x‡mi GK eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, QvIevb (iv.) n‡Z ewY©Z, ivm~j
(mv.) e‡j‡Qb: GKRb e¨w³ †h A_© e¨q K‡i, Zvi g‡a¨ m‡e©vËg e¨q n‡”Q †mwU hv †m
Zvi cwievie‡M©i Rb¨ LiP K‡i| Gici hv †m e¨q K‡i wRnv‡`i †Nvov mvRv‡bvi
Rb¨| Gici hv †m e¨q K‡i wRnv‡`i c‡_ m½x-mv_x‡`i Rb¨|Ó50
Bqvn&Bqv Be&b eyKvqi (i.), Ave~ ûivqiv (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z †h, ivm~jyjøvn& (mv.)-Gi
Kv‡Q FYMÕ¯Í †Kvb g„Z e¨w³‡K (Rvbvhvi Rb¨) Avbv n‡j, wZwb wRÁvmv Ki‡Zb, †m
wK FY cwi‡kva Kivi gZ AwZwi³ wKQz †i‡L †M‡Q? hw` ejv nZ †h, †m FY cwi‡kva
Kivi gZ m¤ú` †i‡L †M‡Q, Zvn‡j wZwb Zvi Rvbvhv co‡Zb| Ab¨_vq wZwb
gymjgvb‡`i ej‡Zb, †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡`i mv_xi Rvbvhv co| Zvici Avjøvn& hLb Zvi
Rb¨ AmsL¨ weR‡qi Øvi Ly‡j w`‡jb, ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg gyÔwgb‡`i wb‡R‡`i
†P‡qI †ewk NwbôZi| myZivs gyÔwgb‡`i g‡a¨ †h †KD FY †i‡L gviv hv‡e, Zv cwi‡kva
Kivi `vwqZ¡ Avgvi-B| Avi †h e¨w³ m¤ú` †i‡L hv‡e, Zv Zvi DËivwaKvixiv cv‡e|51
D‡jøL¨ †h, gynv¤§` Be&b evk&kvi (i.), Rvwei Be&b Ave`yjøvn (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z|
wZwb e‡jb, bex (mv.) Avgvi Kv‡Q cÕ‡ek Ki‡jb, ZLb Avwg wQjvg Amy¯’| wZwb Ah~
RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 163
Ki‡jb| Gici Avgvi kix‡ii Dci Ah~i cvwb wQwU‡q w`‡jb| wKsev eY©bvKvix
e‡j‡Qb, Gici wZwb Dcw¯’Z †jvK‡`i e‡j‡Qb, Zvi kix‡i cvwb wQwU‡q `vI| d‡j
Avvwg †PZbv wd‡i †cjvg| Avwg ejjvg, Kvjvjvn& (wcZvI †bB, mšÍvbI †bB) e¨ZxZ
Avgvi †Kvb Iqvwim †bB| myZivs Avgvi cwiZ¨³ m¤ú` wKfv‡e eÈb Kiv n‡e? ZLb
dviv‡qh m¤úwK©Z AvqvZ bvwhj nq|52
†h KviI m¤ú` A‰eafv‡e `Lj wKsev †fvM Kivi e¨vcv‡i Bmjv‡g wb‡lavÁv
i‡q‡Q| Avj-KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, Ö†h e¨w³ Ab¨vqfv‡e GK weNZ Rwg `Lj K‡i
wKqvg‡Zi w`‡b Zvi Mjvq †m Rwg Szwj‡q †`qv n‡e|Ó53
g~jZ DËivwaKv‡ii gva¨‡g Iqvwikiv †h gvwjKvbv jvf K‡i Zv Avjøvn&&i cÿ †_‡K
gxgvswmZ weavb| G‡Z Kv‡iv wbR¯^ AwfgZ I Abygv‡bi wfwˇZ GUv cwieZ©b-cwiea©b
Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi †bB| G‡Z Iqvwik‡`i Keyj Kiv Ges m¤§Z nIqv Riæix bq| hw`
†Kn ¯úóZ e‡j †h, †m Zvi Ask †b‡e bv ZeyI AvBbZt †m wb‡Ri As‡ki gvwjK n‡q
hvq|
Bmjvg ¯^xK…Z DËivwaKvix n‡Z ewÂZ nIqvi KviYmg~n
Bmjv‡g m¤úwËi myôz bxwZgvjvi K_v †hgb ejv n‡q‡Q †Zgwb †Kvb †Kvb †cÕÿvc‡U Kx
Kx Kvi‡Y m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi †_‡K Iqvwik‡`i‡K ewÂZ Kiv hv‡e †m m¤ú‡K©I
mywbw`©ó e³e¨ i‡q‡Q|
cyÎ hw` wcZv‡K A_ev †h †Kvb DËivwaKvix hw` m¤úwËi gvwjK‡K B”QvK…Z ev
fzjekZ nZ¨v K‡i Z‡e nZ¨vKvix wbn‡Zi m¤úwˇZ DËivwaKvi cv‡e bv;
GKRb gymwjg †Kvb Agymwj‡gi m¤úwˇZ DËivwaKvi cv‡ebv;
Bmjvg Z¨vMKvix, gyiZv` n‡q †M‡j †m Zvi gymwjg AvZ¥x‡qi m¤úwËi
DËivwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡e; Ges
g„Zz¨i mgq Z_v †K Av‡M ev †K c‡i gviv wM‡q‡Q Zvi mwVK Z_¨ Rvbv bv _KvI
DËivwaKvi n‡Z ewÂZ nIqvi Ab¨Zg KviY| †hgb RvnvR Wzwe A_ev †Kvb
`vjvb n‡Z c‡o eû †jvK GK‡Î gviv †Mj| GgZve¯’vq wbnZ e¨w³MY GKRb
AciR‡bi m¤úwË n‡Z ewÂZ n‡e| GLv‡b g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e mK‡jB GKms‡M gviv
wM‡q‡Q| myZivs Zv‡`i m¤úwË RxweZ DËivwaKvix‡`i g‡a¨ dviv‡qR †gvZv‡eK
ew›UZ n‡e|54
mycvwikgvjv
Bmjv‡gi dviv‡qR bxwZgvjv h_vh_fv‡e ev¯Íevqb Kiv cÕ‡qvR‡b wb‡¤œv³ mycvwikmg~n
Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj hv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki bvix mgvR DËivwaKvi cÕvwß †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Z bv
nq|
164 Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvBb I evsjv‡`‡ki bvix mgvR : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
DËivwaKvi AvBb m¤ú‡K© AeMZ Kiv;
DËivwaKvix AvBb wb‡q †h mKj RwUjZv i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv wbimb Kiv;
m¤úwˇZ Kb¨v mšÍvb Ges bvixi DËivwaKvi m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li †h mKj †bwZevPK
aviYv i‡q‡Q Zv `~i Ki‡Z KvR Kiv;
f~wg †iwR‡óªkb Awd‡m †h mKj mgm¨v i‡q‡Q Zv `~ixKiY Kiv;
f~wgi DËivwaKvix AvBb m¤ú‡K© Kvh©Kix mfv, †mwgbvi wKsev cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki gva¨‡g
Rbm‡PZbZv ˆZix Kiv;
Bmjv‡gi dviv‡qR AvBb m¤ú‡K© mKj gn‡j cÕPvi Kiv;
gmwR‡`i Cgvg‡`i gva¨‡g cÕPviYv; Ges
fywg m¤úwK©Z AvBb wb‡q †h mKj RwUjZv i‡q‡Q Zv wbimb Kiv|
Dcmsnvi
Bmjv‡gi †`Iqv weavb cÕ‡Z¨KwU gvby‡li Rb¨ Kj¨vY e‡q wb‡q Av‡m| gnvb Avjøvni
†`Iqv weavb cwic~Y©fv‡e Rvbv I †evSv nqZ gvby‡li c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq| †Kvb gvby‡li wPi
we`v‡q Zvi DËivwaKvix †hb Zvi m¤úwË †_‡K ewÂZ bv nq| e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK,
mvgvwRK wKsev ivóªxq A‡bK mgm¨v we`¨gvb _vK‡jI KziAvb-mybœvn †gvZv‡eK g„Ze¨w³i
m¤úwË e›Ub nIqv cÕ‡qvRb| †Kvb †Kvb †cÕÿvc‡U weÁv‡bi AMÕmiZvi d‡j Bmjv‡gi
†`Iqv weavb gvby‡li Rb¨ Kvh©Kix Zv cÕgvY n‡”Q| w`b hZ Avm‡Q Bmjv‡gi
MÕnY‡hvM¨Zv I Av‡cwÿKZv gvbeRxe‡bi Rb¨ KZUv cÕ‡qvRbxq Zv cÕgvY n‡”Q| ZvB
Bmjv‡gi †`Iqv weavb‡K Ae‡njv wKsev Zz”Q Ávb bv K‡i cÕK…Z A‡_© g‡b aviY K‡i Zv
ev Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡e| Bmjv‡gi †`Iqv we‡klZ¡¸‡jv‡K †Kvbiƒc P¨v‡jà bv K‡i Zv ûeû
gvbeRxe‡b AbymiY, AbyKiY I ev Íevq‡b GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix
e›U‡b cvwievwiK mgm¨v, mvgvwRK evuav, gb ÍvwË¡K Ae‡PZbv, Kzms¯‹vi wKsev K~cgÐKZv
cwinvi K‡i Avjøvni †`Iqv weavb gvbe Rxe‡b ev Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡e| ˆcwÎK m¤úwˇZ
bvixi Askx`vixZ¡ wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv Bmjvg‡K †KejgvÎ Bev`Z e‡›`Mxi g‡a¨
mxgve× bv †i‡L hvi hv cÕvc¨ ev nK i‡q‡Q Zv h_vh_fv‡e cÕ`v‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q GKwU
Av`k© mgvR e¨e ’vq iæcvšÍi Kiv‡K Bmjvg wb‡ ©kbv w`‡q‡Q|
RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 165
UxKv I Z_¨wb‡`©k
1. A. M. Sultana Zulkefli NEBM, „Discrimination against women in the
developing countries: a comparative study,‟ International Journal of Social
Science & Humanities 2(3), 2012, pp. 256–259
2. Issa Khan & et al, „The right of women in property sharing in Bangladesh:
Can the Tslamic inheritance system eliminate discrimination?,‟ Springer
Plus (2016) 5:1695, p. 4
3. Fida Khan, „Islamic inheritance laws and their impact on rural women in
Muslim societies: synthesis of studies from Asia and West Africa and
emerging recommendations,‟ International Land Coalition (ILC), 2016, p.14
4. A. M. Sultana (2010) „Socio-cultural dimensions of women‟s
discriminations in rural communities,‟ Ozean Journal of Social Science
3(1):32–38/ Issa Khan & et al, „The right of women in property sharing in
Bangladesh: Can the Islamic inheritance system eliminate discrimination? ,‟
Springer Plus (2016) 5:1695, p. 5
5. Abul Barkat, Assessing Inheritance Laws and their Impact on Rural Women
in Bangladesh, International Land Coalition, Dhaka, UPL August 2014,
p. 38
6. World Bank, Whispers to Voices: Gender and Social Transformation in
Bangladesh, at 76 (2008) Bangladesh Development Series, Paper No. 22
(hereinafter “Whispers to Voices”)
7. gynv¤§` Zv‡ni †nv‡mb, Bmjv‡g bvix, XvKv: ü` cÕKvkb, 2000, c„. 300
8. †eMg b~iRvnvb ikx`, Bmjvgx AvB‡b bvixi ’vb I AwaKvi, XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
evsjv‡`k, 1980, c„. 22
9. gvIjvbv Ave yj AvRxR, mnR dviv‡qR wkÿv, XvKv: g`xbv cvewj‡KkvÝ, 1980, c„.
43
10. †gvnv¤§` †gvkviid †nvmvBb, Avj KziAv‡b bvix (cÖ_g LÐ), XvKv: AvaywbK cÖKvkbx,
2002, c„. 107
11. Gg. nvweeyi ingvb, gymwjg AvBb (cÖ_g LÐ), ivRkvnx: cÖKvkK-ˆmq`v gwR©bv LvZzb,
1989, c„. 36
12. R. K Sinha, „Inheritance Chapter,‟ The Muslim Law, Delhi: Central Law
Agency, Third edition, 1995, p. 266
13. Fida Khan, „Islamic inheritance laws and their impact on rural women in
Muslim societies: synthesis of studies from Asia and West Africa and
emerging recommendations,‟ International Land Coalition (ILC), 2016,
p. 19
166 Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvBb I evsjv‡`‡ki bvix mgvR : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
14. Md. Raisul Islam Sourav, „Unjust Land Right of Women in Bangladesh,‟
International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary
Studies (IRJIMS), Volume-I, Issue III, April 2015, p. 24
15. Fida Khan, „Islamic inheritance laws and their impact on rural women in
Muslim societies: synthesis of studies from Asia and West Africa and
emerging recommendations,‟ International Land Coalition (ILC), 2016,
p. 24
16. Elisa Scalise (report by) „Women‟s Inheritance Rights to Land and Property
in South Asia: A Study of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan,
and Sri Lanka,‟ A Report by the Rural Development Institute (RDI), for the
World Justice Project, December 2009, p. 36
17. Shah I Mobin Jinnah, „Land and Property Rights of Rural Women in
Bangladesh,‟ Bangladesh Community Development Association (CDA),
January 2013, p. 6
18. A. M. J Arens, „Women, Land and Power in Bangladesh: Jhagrapur
Revisited,‟ University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2011, p. 33 (downdload
date 17 April 2018)
19. Fida Khan, „Islamic inheritance laws and their impact on rural women in
muslim societies: Synthesis of studies from Asia and West Africa and
emerging recommendations,‟ International Land Coalition (ILC), 2016,
p. 25
20. Md. Golam Sarwar & et al., „Women‟s Rights to Land in Bangladesh:
Roles, Limitations and Transformation,‟ Unnayan Onneshan, Dhaka,
August, 2007, p. 15
21. Issa Khan et al, „The right of women in property sharing in Bangladesh:
Can the Islamic inheritance system eliminate discrimination?‟ Springer
Plus, (5:1695), 2016, p. 5
22. Ann Charleen Marbourg, „Land Inheritance and Gender: Social Factors
affecting Land inherited in Rural Bangladesh,‟ an unpublished MA thesis to
the University of Missouri, India, December 2015, p. 4
23. Mohammad Moin Uddin, „Land Rights of Women and Hindus in
Bangladesh: Defending the Justice Claim,‟ The Chittagong University
Journal of Law, Volume-XVI, 2011, p. 18
24. A. M. Sultana „Socio-cultural dimensions of women‟s discriminations in
rural communities,‟ Ozean Journal of Social Science 3(1), 2010, pp. 32–38
25. A. M. J. Arens, „Women, Land Power in Bangladesh: Jhagrapur Revisited,‟
Netherlands: University of Amsterdam, 2011, p. 14
RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 167
26. Issa Khan & et al, „The right of women in property sharing in Bangladesh:
Can the islamic inheritance system eliminate discrimination?,‟ Springer
Plus (2016) 5:1695, p. 5
27. Mir Tamanna Siddika and Mahmuda Khatun, „Re-Reading Muslim
Women‟s Rights in Bangladesh,‟ Journal of the Asiatic Society of
Bangladesh (Humanities), Vol. 59(2), 2014, p. 328
28. Elisa Scalise (report by) „Women‟s Inheritance Rights to Land and Property
in South Asia: A Study of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan,
and Sri Lanka,’ A Report by the Rural Development Institute (RDI), for the
World Justice Project, December 2009, p. 17
29. Ann Charleen Marbourg, „Land Inheritance and Gender: Social Factors
affecting Land inherited in Rural Bangladesh,‟ an unpublished MA thesis to
the University of Missouri, India, December 2015, p. 7
30. Elisa Scalise (report by), „Women‟s Inheritance Rights to Land and
Property in South Asia: A Study of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal,
Pakistan, and Sri Lanka,‟ A Report by the Rural Development Institute
(RDI), for the World Justice Project, December 2009, p. 15
31. Avj-KziAv‡bi mKj Avqv‡Zi Abyev` Avj-KziAvbyj Kixg, XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
evsjv‡`k, cÕ_g cÕKvk-†deªæqvix 1968, weqvwjøkZg gy`ªY A‡±vei 2010 †_‡K †bIqv
n‡q‡Q|
شي في ق اشر غاء ف فب م صو دع األص ىيزمش الدم هللا ف أ ا صن ا ذشك ماد صا
ىذ فب ى ى ا ذشك ا ما ا اىغذط ادذ ىنو ألت صف ا اى في ادذج ىذ ن ى
تؼذ اىغذط ج فأل ى اخ اىصيس فب ما ا فأل سش أت آتآإم د ا أ صح ص ت
ا ػيا دن هللا ما هللا ا فؼا فشعح أقشب ىن أ ال ذذس أتاإم Avj-KziAvb, 4 : 11
ىذ ف .32 ن ى ا ى اجن ا ذشك أص صف ىن تؼذ ا ذشم تغ اىش ىذ فين ى ب ما
ىن ىذ فب ما ن ىن ا ى ا ذشمر تغ اىش ى د ا أ ت صح ص ا اىص ىذ في ص تؼذ أخد فينو ذشمر ى أر أ شأج سجو سز مالىح أ ا ا ما د ا أ ت ح ذص
ح ص ت ص تؼذ ششماء ف اىصيس رىل ف ا أمصش ا اىغذط فب ما ادذ د ا أ دي للا ػي هللا صح عآس ش Avj-KziAvb, 4 : 12 غ
األقش .33 اىذا ا ذشك اى صة ىيغاء األقشت اىذا ا ذشك اى صة جاه ىيش ا قو ت
مصش فشظاأ صثا Avj-KziAvb, m~iv wbmv : 7
34. Avj-KziAvb, m~iv wbmv, AvqvZ-14
ا .35 اىرشاز أمال ى ذؤمي Avj-KziAvb, 89 : 19
ى .36 فيرقا هللا ح ظؼافا خافا ػي رس خيف ذشما ى ىخشاىز ال عذذا قىا ق Avj-
KziAvb, m~iv wbmv, AvqvZ-9
168 Bmjv‡g DËivwaKvi AvBb I evsjv‡`‡ki bvix mgvR : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
37. m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ©„K Abyw`Z, Be‡b Rvexi Zvevix (i.), Zvdmx‡i Zvevix kixd, L.
8g, XvKv: Bdvev, 1994, c„. 75
ىذ .38 ظ ى يل ى شإ ا ف اىنالىح ا ا غرفرل قو هللا فرن شش ا ذشك صف ا ى أخد في ىذ فب مارا اشر ا ن ى ا ى
ث صو دع األص غاء فييزمش جاال ج س ا ماا اخ ا ذشك ا اىصيصا أ ذعيا هللا ىن في ء ػي للا تنو ش
(Avj-KziAvb, 4 : 176) eyLvix kix‡di Aa¨v‡qi Aby‡”Q‡` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bgvg
eyLvix (i.), mnxn eyLvix, (m¤úv.), L. 7g, XvKv: Bdvev, 2004, Aby‡”Q`-2353, c„.
336
39. AvZ¥xq ev †MvÎxq GK ev GKvwaK cyiæl hviv cÿ Aej¤^b K‡i I mvnvh¨ K‡i, g„Z e¨w³i
GK ev GKvwaK cyiæl AvZ¥xq hviv g„Z e¨w³i m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi m~‡Î jvf K‡i|
Z_¨m~Î- Av. d. e. Ave`yj nK dwi`x I Ab¨vb¨ (m¤úv.), Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl,
L. 3q, XvKv: Bdvev, 2000, c„. 166
ش .40 ش أت أت صاىخ ػ ػ أت دص اعشائو ػ ػ ذ للا د أخثشا ػث ذ دذشا للا ج سظ
ئ ى تاى أا أ عي ػي صي للا قاه قاه سعه للا اى ػ اال ف ذشك اخ ف فغ أ
فألدػ ى اىنو اىؼاه ى ظاػا فؤا ذشك مال أ اى اىؼصثح Bgvg eyLvix (i.), mnxnى
eyLvix, (m¤úv.), XvKv: Bdvev, 2012, Aby‡”Q`-2801, nv`xm bs-6176, L. 10g, c„.
164
41. للا ػثاط سظ ات ػ أت ط ػ غا ة دذشا ات اػو دذشا اع ع ت ا دذشا ػ
ا تق ا ف ي قاه أىذقا اىفشائط تؤ عي ػي صي للا اىث ى سجو رمش ػ أل ف Bgvg eyLvix
(i.), mnxn eyLvix, (m¤úv.), XvKv: Bdvev, 2012, cwi‡”Q`-2801, nv`xm bs-6177, L.
10g, c„. 164
ئذ تاىش .42 ما عي ػي صي للا سعه للا أ ػ للا شج سظ ش أت ػ ف ػي ر جو اى
غي اال قاه ىي فاء صي ذشك ز أ دذ فعال فب و ذشك ىذ فغؤه صيا ػي اىذئ ى تاى اىفرح قاه أا أ ػي ا فرخ للا في فرشك صادثن ئ اى ف ذ ف فغ أ
سشر اال في ذشك قعاإ ا فؼي ,Bgvg eyLvix (i.), mnxn eyLvix, (m¤úv.), L. 10gد
XvKv: Bdvev, 2012, cwi‡”Q`-2811, nv`xm bs-6194, c„. 171
هللا قاه قاه سعه هللا ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص)ارااعرالىصث صيىؼيسزػ جاتش ت ػثذ .43 Bgvg Be‡b gvRvn
(i.), mybv‡b Be‡b gvRvn, L. 2q, wKZveyj Rvbvwqh, evey gv Rv Av wdm mvjvwZ AvjvZ
wZdwj, nv`xm bs-1508, Kvq‡iv: `viæj nv`xm, 2005, c„. 29
ش اىص ػ اىقذا اىشا قاه قاه سعه هللا ػ ػي ت أت غيذح ػ ساشذ ػ أت ػا .44
,Bgvg Be‡b gvRvn (i.))صي هللا ػي عي . اىخاه اسز الاسز ى . ؼقو ػ شش
mybv‡b Be‡b gvRvn, L. 2q, wKZveyZ w`qvZ, eveyZ w`qvwZ Avjvj AvwKjvwZ..., Kvq‡iv:
`viæj nv`xm, 2005, nv`xm bs-2634, c„. 445)
قاه أىذقا اىفشائط .45 عي ػي صي للا اىث ا ػ ػ للا ػثاط سظ ات ػ ا تق ا ف ي تؤ
ى سجو رمش أل ف
RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 169
Bgvg eyLvix (i.), mnxn eyLvix, wKZveyj dvivwqhx, evey wgivwmj Iqvjvw` wgb Avexwn Iqv
Dw¤§nx, Kvq‡iv: `viæ Be‡b nvhg, 2010, nv`xm bs-6732, c„. 804
46. ا ف اس خاىذ ا األ ذذر سعى ذخي جاخ ذجش طغ هللا ص ذيل دذد هللا رىل اىف
Avj-KziAvb, 4 : 13 اىؼظ
47. ػ ح اى دج ػا عي ػي صي للا ث قاه ػاد اى أت اىل ػ عؼذ ت ش ت ػا داع
أا ر ا ذش جغ اى تيغ ت خ فقيد ا سعه للا ػي اى د شض أشف ال شش اه
قاه اىصيس ا ع اى قاه ال قاه فؤذصذق تشطش ادذج أفؤذصذق تصيص اىصيس مصش ال اال اتح ى ؼذ
ػاىح ر ذزس أ ش رل أغاء خ ذزس رس اىاط أ نفف Bgvg eyLvix (i.), mnxn eyLvix,
(m¤úv.), XvKv: Bdvev, 2012, cwi‡”Q`-2158, nv`xm bs-3652, L. 6ô, c„. 455
ن .48 شط ت أا ؼد عي صي هللا ػي اىث ، قاه: ما ػ للا عؼذ سظ يد: ى ح، فق ػ
؟ قاه: اى مي اه، أص ت اىصيس »قيد: فاىصيس؟ قاه: « ال »قيد: فاىشطش؟ قاه: « ال » اىصيس
ذ اىاط ف أ ػاىح رنفف ذذػ أ ش سشرل أغاء خ ذذع ىل مصش، أ فقد ف ا أ ، عش رفغ تل اط، شفؼل، ىؼو للا شأذل، ا ف ف ا ح ذشفؼ تل صذقح، در اىيق
,eyLvix, Avm&mnxn, evey dv`jyb bvdvKvwZ Avjvj Avnwj, L. 16, nv`xm bs-495آخش
c„. 430
يل قذ .49 ذثظ، ػ ا أ شء اش gymwjg, Bgvg, Avm&mnxn, evey dv`jyb bvdvKvwZمف تاى
ÔAvjvj ÔBqvj, L. 5, nv`xm bs-1662, c„. 161
50. : عي ، قاه: قاه سعه هللا صي هللا ػي تا ش فق ػي أفعو داس »ػ جو، داس فق اىش
ف ع فق ػي أصذات داس ف عثو هللا، جو ػي داتر فق اىش داس ، ثو هللا ػاى
gymwjg, Bgvg, Avm&mnxn, evey dv`jyb bvdvKvwZ ÔAvjvj ÔBqvj, L. 5, nv`xm bs-1660,
c„. 159; Be&b gvRvn, Bgvg, Ave~ ÔAvwãjøvn, gynv¤§` Be&b BqvwR`, Avm&mybvb, evey
dv`wjb bvdvKvwZ dx mvexwjjøvwn ZvÔAvjv, ˆeiƒZ, `viæj wdKi, Zv.we., L. 7, nv`xm
bs-2750, c„. 258
51. و ػ ػق س ػ ش دذشا اىي تن ذ ت دذشا للا شج سظ ش أت ح ػ أت عي اب ػ ش ات
ف اىذ ف ػي ر جو اى ئذ تاىش ما عي ػي صي للا سعه للا أ ػ و ذشك ىذ غؤه
ز أ دذ فعال فب ػي ا فرخ للا في صيا ػي صادثن غي اال قاه ىي فاء صي ذشك ىذ
ا فؼي فرشك د ئ اى ف ذ ف فغ أ ئ ى تاى ذشك اىفرح قاه أا أ قعاإ
سشر اال في Bgvg eyLvix (i.), mnxn eyLvix, (m¤úv.), L. 9g, XvKv: Bdvev, 2006,
cwi‡”Q`-2105, nv`xm bs-4980, c„. 103
52. ذ ت ذ ذس دذشا شؼثح ػ تشاس دذشا غ ذ ت ذ دذشا ػثذ للا ؼد جاتش ت نذس قاه ع اى
فصة ؤ ظ شط فر أا عي ػي صي للا اىث ا قاه دخو ػي ػ للا قاه سظ أ ػي
فؼقيد فقيد ال شش ا ح اىفشائط صثا ػي شاز فضىد آ ف اى ال مالىح فن Bgvg eyLvix (i.),
mnxn eyLvix, (m¤úv.), XvKv: Bdvev, 2006, cwi‡”Q`-2270, L. 9g, nv`xm bs-5274,
c„. 257
53. ح ا اىق ق ط ا فب األسض ظي أخز شثشا عثغ أسظ
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