8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
1/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 1
BAB 2BAB 2
SUMBER UNDANGSUMBER UNDANG--UNDANGUNDANGISLAMISLAM
((THE SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAWTHE SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAW))
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
2/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 2
THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS CHAPTERTHE OBJECTIVES OF THIS CHAPTER
To know the definitions of a sources of Islamic law
To identify the sources of Islamic law
To know the philosophy and principle of Islamic Law To describe the importance of Islamic law in business
To explain the primary and secondary sources of Islamic law, and Islamic Jurisprudence (Qawaid
Fiqh)
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
3/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 3
DefinisiDefinisi SumberSumber HumumHumum IslamIslam
Sumber hukum Islam adalah sumber rujukanutama dalam menentukan sesuatu hukum di
dalam Islam. Hukum Islam yang utam datangnya dari Allah
Al-Quran.
Sumber hukum Islam menjadikan wahyusebagai rujukan utama dan barulah diikutioleh pemikiran akal manusia.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
4/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 4
THE DEFINITIONS OF ISLAMIC LAWTHE DEFINITIONS OF ISLAMIC LAW
Perundangan Islam juga dikenali denganIslamic Jurisprudence atau Fiqh/ fekah/
Syariah yang bermaksud satu pengetahuan,pemahaman dan mesti dilaksanakan.
Hukum Islam merangkumi hubunganmanusia dengan Allah, manusia dengan
manusia dan juga manusia dengan makhlukyang lain.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
5/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 5
THE PHILOSOPHYTHE PHILOSOPHY OF ISLAMIC LAWOF ISLAMIC LAW
Falsafah perundangan Islam melibatkan elemenmaqasid syariah/ matlamat syariah iaitu:
Maintenance of life (memelihara nyawa)
Protection of an individuals freedom of belief(menjaga agama)
Maintaining the intellect (memelihara akal) Preservation of honour and integrity (pemeliharaan
maruah)
Protection of property (melindungi harta)
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
6/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 6
PembahagianPembahagian SumberSumber hukumhukum IslamIslam
Sumber perundangan/ hukum Islam terbahagikepada 3 iaitu:
1. Sumber Utama (qatie) seperti Quran danSunnah.
2. Sumber kedua (dzonni) seperti uruf danmasalih mursalah.
3. Sumber Ketiga iaitu Kaedah Fiqh/ IslamicJurisprudence (Qawaid fiqhiyyah)
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
7/41
THE DIVISION OF SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAWTHE DIVISION OF SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAW
Sumber Perundangan/Undang-Undang Islam
Sumber Utama:
(disepakati)
Al-Quran
Sunnah/ Hadis
Ijmak
Qiyas
Sumber Kedua:
(Sebahagian menerimasebahagian menolak)
Istihsan
Masalihul Mursalah
Uruf
Istishab
Qaul sahabi
Sadduz Zarai
Sumber Ketiga:
Kaedah Fiqh/
Islamic Jurisprudence (Qawaidfiqhiyyah)
Contoh Kaedah:
Apabila bercampur halal danharam maka jadi haram.
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 7
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
8/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 8
THE PRIMARY SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAWTHE PRIMARY SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAW
Sumber utama perundangan Islam terbahagikepada 4:
Al-Quran (Kitab Utama) Hadith (Hadis Nabi s.a.w)
Ijma (Persetujuan Ulamak)
Qiyas (Perumpamaan yang dibuat ulama)
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
9/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 9
DEFINITIONS OF AlDEFINITIONS OF Al--QURANQURAN
Kitab Allah yang diturunkan kepada kepadaRasulullah saw melalui malaikat jibril yangmengandungi sumber ilmu pengetahuan danteknologi, undang-undang syara, adab peraturan,
berita-berita alam ghaib, berita-berita yang telahberlaku, sekarang dan akan datang.
Kalam atau firman Allah yang diturunkan kepada
Muhammad saw yang pembacaannya merupakansatu ibadah
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
10/41
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
11/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 11
DEFINITION OF HADITHDEFINITION OF HADITH
Hadis adalah Segala apa yang disandarkankepada nabi Muhammad s.a.w baik berupa
perkataan, perbuatan dan taqrir (perakuan).
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
12/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 12
Perakuan Hadis sebagai sumber hukumadalah berasaskan ayat Quran yangbermaksud:
"For you the life of the Prophet is a model ofbehavior"
(Al-Quran 33:21)
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
13/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 13
During his lifetime, the Prophet's family andcompanions observed him and shared withothers exactly what they had seen in hiswords and behaviors.
For example: how he performed ablutions,how he prayed, and how he performed manyother acts of worship. People also asked the
Prophet directly for rulings on variousmatters, and he would pronounce his
judgment.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
14/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 14
THE ELEMENTS OF HADITHTHE ELEMENTS OF HADITH
A hadith narrative is divided into twoparts:
the Sanad (perawi Hadis)
the matan (kandungan Hadis).
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
15/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 15
THE CATEGORIES OF HADITHTHE CATEGORIES OF HADITH
Hadith can be divided by 2 categories:
Hadith Nabawi
Hadith Qudsi
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
16/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 16
TYPES OF HADITHTYPES OF HADITH
Hadith can be divide into 3 types:
Perkataan/ words All direction in oral
communication by RasulullahS
AW.
Perbuatan/behavior All behavior areconduct by Rasulullah SAW.
Perakuan/ Taqrir Just silent, not tellingwhether agree or not.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
17/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 17
FUNGSI/ PERANAN HADISFUNGSI/ PERANAN HADIS
To clarify details of general statement in theQur'an.
To make it specific and particular. To explain the instructions of the Quran. To clarify what the Qurn leaves ambiguous or
difficult to understand. To qualify what the Qurn leaves unqualified. To bring up issues that the Qurn does not
mention.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
18/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 18
DEFINITIONS OF CONSENSUS (DEFINITIONS OF CONSENSUS (ijmakijmak))
Kesepakatan para ulama mujtahid sama ada dalambentuk Itiqad (pendirian), kata-kata atau perbuatanuntuk mengeluarkan hukum dalam sesuatu perkarayang berlaku selepas wafat Nabi Muhammad saw.
Ijma dibenarkan berdasarkan kepada Hadis Nabis.a.w yang bermaksud:
umat Islam tidak akan bersepakat kepada
perkara yang salah.
ijmak boleh berlaku sama ada di zaman sahabatmahupun selepasnya. Contoh ijma berkaitan perbankan
Islam oleh Majlis Penasihat Syariah Kebangsaan
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
19/41
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
20/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 20
THE ELEMENTS OF ANALOGYTHE ELEMENTS OF ANALOGY
The 4 elements of analogy are:
a principle (asl/asal),
Hukum masalah asal `Illah, / sebab musabab
Analogy then consists in extending a principle(asl) derived from the Qur'an and the Sunnah
to the new case.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
21/41
Example ofExample of QiyasQiyasIsu/ Masalah Hukum Sebab (illah)
Haram
Isu/ Masalah lamadisebut dalam Al-Quran hukumnya
Arak Haram (based onQuran said)
Memabukkan,memudaratkan.
Isu/ Masalah baru PenagihanDadah Haram (based onqiyas)
menghilangkan fungsiakal, memudaratkan.
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 21
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
22/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 22
THE SECONDARY SOURCESTHE SECONDARY SOURCES
Sumber hukum kedua adalah sumber hukumyang tidak disepakati ulama tentang
penerimaannya sebagai sumber hukumIslam.
Berlaku perbezaan pendapat kerana interpretasi yang berbezaantara ulamak.
Bermaksud tidak semua ulama menerima sumber-sumberkedua ini sebagai sumber hukum. Ada yang terima semua danada yang terima sebahagian.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
23/41
Sumber Hukum Yang Tidak DisepakatiUlama:
- Istihsan
- Masalihul Mursalah
- Uruf
- Istishab
- Qaul sahabi
- Sadduz Zarai
- dll
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
24/41
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
25/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 25
MASALIH ALMASALIH AL--MURSALAH (MURSALAH (memilihmemilih berdasarkanberdasarkan kepentingankepentingan
dandan kebaikankebaikan))
Membuat suatu hukum yang mendatangkan kebaikankepada masyarakat tanpa ada dalil seperti menubuhkanBNM dan KPDNHEP untuk mengawal sektor kewangandan barangan asasi.
Contoh lain: mewajibkan lesen memandu dan kadpengenalan, pengenaan saman dan hukuman penjara/pembinaan penjara.
Penubuhan jabatan yang menguruskan gaji tentera dizaman Saidina Umar. Abu Bakar mengarahkan Qurahdihimpunkan.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
26/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 26
MasalihMasalih MursalahMursalah dibentukdibentuk berdasarkanberdasarkan faktorfaktor::
mengalakaan perkara bermanfaat.
mengelak perkara tidka baik.
Pencegahan.
faktor perubahan masa.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
27/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 27
URUFURUF
Urf atau adat adalah satu adat kebiasaan sesuatukaum yang tidak menyalahi hukum syara sepertiadat dalam nikah kahwin, pembinaan masjid dan
bangunan mengikut senibina sesuatu tempat,bermain kutu/kut.
Cohtoh lain seperti perkataan yang sama tetapimembawa maksud berbeza mengiukut tempat.S
eperti juga kes mahar dan mas kahwin.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
28/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 28
ISTISHABISTISHAB
Menetapkan hukum pada zaman ini berdasarkanhukum pada zaman lalu. (Mengekalkan sesuatuhukum yang telah tersedia ada kecuali ada dalil yangmengubahnya).
For example, istishaab requires that once a contractof sale, or of marriage, is concluded it is presumed toremain in force until there is a change established by
evidence.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
29/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 29
SADD ALSADD AL--DHARA'I (DHARA'I (menolakmenolaksesuatusesuatu yangyangtidaktidak baikbaik//
menolakmenolaksesuatusesuatu yangyang membawamembawa kepadakepada haram)haram)
Sadd al-dhara'i means, literally, "blockingthe means"
e.g: to undesirable ends, in other words,forbidding what is likely to lead to theharam.
This is thus an extension of the general
principle that what leads to the haram isharam, just as what leads to the obligatoryis obligatory, and what leads to thepermitted is permitted.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
30/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 30
contoh
contoh SADDSADD ALAL--DHARA'I
DHARA'I
The important consideration to sadd al-dharai isthe result of the action, and whether it leads tobenefit or harm. Under this principle come certain
sub-principles, e.g: preventing harm is givenpreference over gaining benefit.
For example, if someone does wudu and is notsure whether he has washed his face three timesor only twice, he assumes it is three, because he
shouldn't wash it more than three times, whereaswashing it twice is acceptable
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
31/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 31
SumberSumber hukumhukum IslamIslam KetigaKetiga::
KAEDAHKAEDAH--KAEDAH FIQH/ QAWAIDKAEDAH FIQH/ QAWAID
FIQH/ ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCEFIQH/ ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE
Qawaid fiqhiyyah adalah merupakankaedah fiqh dalam undang-undang Islamyang menjadi asas untuk memahami dan
mengembangkan fiqh Islam tentangkaedah-kaedah hukum.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
32/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 32
cont..cont..
Its consist 5 main methods:
1. Setiap perkara dinilai berdasarkan niat
2. Keyakinan tidak hilang dengan keraguan
3. Kesukaran membawa kemudahan
4. Bahaya mesti dihapuskan
5. Adat menjadi hukum
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
33/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 33
KaedahKaedah 1 :1 : SetiapSetiap perkaraperkara dinilaidinilai berdasarkanberdasarkan niatniat
"Things are judged according to the intentions
behind them "Actions are by intentions or "are according to
intention", and every man gets what he intends." Its means a behavior or everything are based on
the intention. for example, the actions ofwudualone are not
valid unless they are accompanied by theintention of doing wudu.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
34/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 34
KaedahKaedah 2 :2 : KeyakinanKeyakinan tidaktidak hilanghilang dengandengan keraguankeraguan
"Certainty is not removed by doubt" Its means a confidence not missing with the doubt Its can be implement to all human behavior For example: assuming you have only done three
rakaah if you are not sure whether you have donethree or four; and having a claimant produce two
witnesses for his claim and, if not, letting thedefendant make an oath that what is being claimedfrom him is his own and not the claimant's
:
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
35/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 35
KaedahKaedah 3 :3 : KesukaranKesukaran membawamembawa kemudahankemudahan
Literally a difficulty allows ease This principle explain that something was
developed for easy not for difficult orconstrains a people
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
36/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 36
cont..cont..
For examples: Using water causes or is likely to cause harm, you do
tayammum instead ofwudu.
Allah says: "He has not put any constraint on you asfar as the din is concerned" (Q.22:78).
A sick person doesn't have to fast. Allah says: "And whoever among you is ill, or on a
journey, [should fast] a [similar] number of other
days. Allah wishes ease for you and does not wishdifficulty for you" (Q.2:185).
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
37/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 37
cont..cont..
Some people use the above-mentioned withoutno constraint in the din to allow themselves to dowhat they want
Rather, what is meant here are those instanceswhere there is serious rather than slight difficulty for example, would be getting up in the morning
and having to use very cold water to do wuduwith: it might cause you discomfort, but it doesn'tharm you.
It becomes serious, though, if using water eithercauses illness, or increases it, or prevents onefrom being cured.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
38/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 38
KaedahKaedah 44 :: BahayaBahaya mestimesti dihapuskandihapuskan
Harm is to be removed
There should be no harm nor reciprocating harm
For examples:
returning what has been taken unjustly along withliability for any loss or damage
preventing someone from doing what will causeharm to his neighbours.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
39/41
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 39
KaedahKaedah 5 :5 : AdatAdat menjadimenjadi hukumhukum
Its means customs also can be a sources of Islamiclaw.
Customs refer to society norm or traditional whetherword or behavior
In Arabic language well known as urf
The customs must be consider a situation below:
Not difference with the Islamic law.
Every people doing a same thing or behavior.
Not bias with the certain race orkabilah, etc.
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
40/41
ApakahApakah yangyang digunakandigunakan dalamdalam
membentukmembentuk hukumhukum didi bawahbawah?? Solat 5 waktu wajib bagi orang Islam.
Arak, riba dan judi haram bagi orangIslam.
a. Al-Quran
b. Al-Sunnah/ Hadis
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 40
8/7/2019 PLK Bab 2 - Sumber Perundangan Islam
41/41
ApakahApakah yangyang digunakandigunakan dalamdalam
membentukmembentuk hukumhukum didi bawahbawah?? Boleh berjual beli barang yang masih belum ada.
Boleh menubuhkan jabatan dan membukukan
dokumen, mewajibkan lesen dan kad pengenalan.
a. Istihsan
b. Masalih Mursalah
c. Urufd. Istishab
Mohd Fauzwadi Mat Ali 41
Top Related