PERBANDINGAN RETRO WALKING EXERCISE DAN KINESIO
TAPING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS FUNGSIONAL
PADA LANSIA BERPOTENSI OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE DI
PUSKESMAS KENDAL KEREP
Skripsi
Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat
Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Fisioterapi
OLEH
AMELIA SALWA SYAHARA
201410490311104
PROGRAM STUDI S1 FISIOTERAPI
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2019
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PERBANDINGAN RETRO WALKING EXERCISE DAN KINESIO
TAPING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN AKIVITAS FUNGSIONAL
PADA LANSIA BERPOTENSI OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE DI
PUSKESMAS KENDAL KEREP
Skripsi
Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat
Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Fisioterapi
OLEH
AMELIA SALWA SYAHARA
201410490311104
PROGRAM STUDI S1 FISIOTERAPI
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2019
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KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb
Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya
penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas penyusunan skripsi dengan judul Perbandingan
Retro Walking Exercise dan Kinesio Taping Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas
Fungsional Pada Lansia Berpotensi Osteoarthritis Knee Di Puskesmas Kendal Kerep.
Tidak lupa sholawat serta salam penulis haturkan kepada junjungan alam Baginda
Rasulloh SAW yang telah membimbing kita dari zaman jahilliyah menuju zaman yang
canggih seperti sekarang ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas skripsi ini tidak dapat terwujud tanpa bantuan
dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak, maka pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan
terimakasih yang sebesar – besarnya kepada :
1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan nikmat jasmani dan rohani serta rahmat
dan karunianya sehingga penulis dapat mengerjakan dan menyelesaikan
tugas skripsi tepat waktu.
2. Bapak Dr. H. Fauzan, M.Pd, selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang yang telah mengizinkan penulis menuntut ilmu di kampus yang
berselogan Jas Merah Kampus Putih.
3. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanudin, M.Kep, SpKep selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu
Kesehatan Universitas Muhammalang.
4. Ibu Atika Yulianti, SST.Ft., M.Fis. selaku Kepala Program Studi S1
Fisioterapi sekaligus dosen pembimbing 1 yang telah banyak memberikan
masukkan, saran dan bimbingan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.
vii
5. Bapak Safun Rahmanto, S.ST. Ft., M.Fis. selaku Kepala Program Studi
Profesi Fisioterapi sekaligus dosen pembimbing 2 yang telah banyak
memberikan masukkan, saran dan bimbingan dalam penyusunan skripsi
ini.
6. Segenap Dosen Pengajar di Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang yang telah membagikan ilmu dan segenap
pengalaman dalam bentuk apapun.
7. Kedua Orang tua Bapak Mukti Gunawan dan Ibu Anissatul Mufarokah
yang selalu memberikan doa, semangat serta memberikan dukungan baik
materi maupun spiritual dengan penuh kasih sayang.
8. Kepada nenek Hj. Supartilah dan Almh. Hj. Binti Quroti Aini yang selalu
memberikan doa dan dukungan dengan penuh kasih sayang.
9. Kepada adik yaitu Alvina, Hanifa, Safira, dan Nina yang selalu
memberikan doa, semangat, dan dukungan.
10. Kepada saudara yaitu Mbak Galuh, Mama Yul, Mas Andi, Mbak Eka,
Tante Tiin, Madin, Rayhan yang memberikan doa, semangat, dan
dukungan materi maupun spiritual.
11. Kepada Fitria Romla Susanti, Yulian Pristanty, Maulana Ahsan Fadhail,
Akhmad Ridhani, Afif Zainuri Wafiq, Nurdhatul Maulida Aswita, Hayyu
Fathil Hasanah, Rizka Asna, Fitriyani Rahma, Aulianti Rahma, Prinda
Ramdhani, Fildzah Maharani Oddang, Titis Hayuning Tiyasari selaku
rekan yang sangat berpengaruh bagi penulis dalam pembuatan skripsi.
12. Teman – teman Prodi S1 Fisioterapi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
yang telah memberikan semangat serta dukungan saya dapat
menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
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13. Kepada Bapak Dr. Khozin, M.Si selaku Kepala UPT.P2KK yang
memberikan banyak dukungan kepada penulis.
14. Kepada staff UPT P2KK, Ibu Radhityas Fitri, Bapak Ilham Virgo, Bapak
Lukman Hakim, yang telah memberikan banyak dukungan kepada penulis
selama mengerjakan skripsi.
15. Kepada Mbak Rani, Mbak Iim, mas Fuad, Mas Yoni, Mas Ryan, Hasna,
Yoga, Pambudi, Eko, Alvian, selaku rekan part time di UPT P2KK yang
selalu mendukung dan memberikan semangat kepada penulis.
16. Kepada Mas Yahya, Mas Irul, Mas Husein, Mas Fauzi, Mas Akbar, Mas
Arifin, Mas Daryanto, Mbak Jejen, dan Mbak Lisari selaku trainer di UPT
P2KK yang selalu mendukung dan memberikan semangat kepada penulis.
17. Kepada mbak Maya dan mbak Ismi selaku staff asrama putri sang surya
rusunawa 2 yang telah membimbing penulis selama tinggal dan berproses
di asrama serta para pendamping rusunawa periode 2015-2018 yang selalu
bersedia berbagi suka duka.
18. Kepada Zuni Fitrowati, Anika First Tyara, Hernanda Astri, selaku teman
“sesepuh rusunawa” yang senantiasa mendukung penulis.
19. Kepada keluarga besar TIMPAKES FIKES UMM dimana penulis dapat
berproses dalam organisasi serta mendapatkan banyak pengalaman tentang
ilmu kesehatan selain fisioterapi baik dalam bidang keperawatan dan
kefarmasian , terkhusus untuk pengurus periode 2016/2017.
20. Kepada keluarga besar Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Marching Band UMM
yang selalu berbagi pengalaman dalam meningkatkan skill seni Marching
21. Kepada teman-teman KKN 13 Probolinggo yang luar biasa, terkhusus
divisi kesehatan.
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22. Semua pihak yang membantu penyusunan skripsi ini yang tidak bisa
disebutkan satu persatu.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam menyusun Skripsi ini jauh dari kata sempurna,
oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun.
Wassalamualaikum Wr.Wb.
Malang, 15 Agustus 2019
Penulis
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ABSTRAK
Perbandingan Retro Walking Exercise Dengan Kinesio Taping Terhadap Peningkatan
Aktivitas Fungsional Pada Lansia Berpotensi Osteoarthritis Knee
Di Puskesmas Kendal Kerep
Amelia Salwa Syahara1, Atika Yulianti2 , Safun Rahmanto2
Latar Belakang : Osteoarthritis didefinisikan sebagai penyakit degeratif sendi
sinovial yang ditandai dengan chondropathy dan sekaligus proliferasi tulang baru
dengan renovasi kontur sendi. Gejala yang timbul pada osteoarthritis sendi lutut dapat
mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari dan aktivitas fungsional tubuh. Maka dalam rangka
meningkatkan aktivitas fungsional, akan dilakukan tindakan fisioterapi berupa retro
walking exercise dan kinesio taping.
Metode : Penelitian menggunakan desain quasy eksperimental yakni dengan non
equivalen group design yang melibatkan 30 responden menggunakan teknik
purposive sampling. Terdapat 2 kelompok intervensi yaitu kelompok retro walking
exercise (n=16) dan kelompok kinesio taping (n=14). Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu
Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS).
Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan uji wilcoxon signed rangked test pada kedua kelompok
perlakuan menunjukan adanya peningkatan aktivitas fungsional. Hasil penelitian
dengan uji Mann whitneyy u test menunjukan nilai sig (0,88) > 0,05 yang berarti H0
diterima.
Kesimpulan : Tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh antara kinesio taping dengan retro
walking exercise terhadap peningkatan aktivitas fungsional pada lansia di Puskesmas
Kendal Kerep Polehan. Namun, hasil mean menunjukkan bahwa retro walking
exercise lebih berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan aktivitas fungsional dibandingkan
kinesio taping.
Kata Kunci : Lansia, Osteoarthritis Knee, Kinesio Taping, Retro Walking Exercise.
1 Mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang 2 Dosen Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
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ABSTRACT
The Comparison of Retro Walking Exercise and Kinesio Taping in Increasing
Functional Activity to Elderly of Knee Osteoarthritis Risk in Kendal Kerep
Health Center
Amelia Salwa Syahara1, Atika Yulianti2 ,Safun Rahmanto2
Background: Osteoarthritis is defined as a synovial joint degenerative disease that is
indicated by chondropathy and new bone proliferation with remodeling of contour of
the joint. The symptom of knee osteoarthritis caused bothers daily activities and
functional activities of the body. Accordingly, in order to increases the functional
activity, physiotherapy in the term of retro walking exercise and kinesio taping will be
conducted.
Method: this research used quasy experimental with non equivalent group design
which involved 30 respondents and used purposive sampling. There were two
intervention groups, namely retro walking exercise group (n=16) and kinesio taping
group (n=14). The measuring instrument was Lower Extremity Functional Scale
(LEFS)
Result: Research finding by using wilcoxon signed rank test to those two groups
indicates there is improvement functional activity. Thus, the research finding using
Mann whitneyy u test on shows a sig value (0.88)> 0.05 which means that H0 was
accepted.
Conclusion: There is no different effect between kinesio taping and retro walking
exercise in increasing of functional activity to elderly in Health Center of Kendal
Kerep Polehan. However, mean shows that retro walking exercise more affects to
increase functional activity than kinesio taping.
Keywords: Elderly, Osteoarthritis Knee, Kinesio Taping, Retro Walking
Exercise.
1 Student of Bachelor Physiotherapy Department, University of Muhammadiyah
Malang 2 Lecturer of Bachelor Physiotherapy Department, University of Muhammadiyah
Malang
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ..................................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN......................................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................ iv
SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN ............................................... v
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ vi
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................... x
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................. xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. xivv
DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR SKEMA .................................................................................................... xvi
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ............................................................................................ xvvii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................... xviii
BAB I: PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1
A. Latar Belakang ................................................................................................. 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................ 5 C. Tujuan .............................................................................................................. 6 D. Manfaat ............................................................................................................ 6 E. Keaslian Penelitian ........................................................................................... 7
BAB II: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.............................................................................. 15
A. Lansia ............................................................................................................ 15 1. Definisi Lansia ........................................................................................ 15 2. Klasifikasi Lansia .................................................................................... 16 3. Permasalahan Umum yang Dialami Lansia ............................................. 16
B. Anatomi Sendi Lutut ...................................................................................... 19 1. Persendian ................................................................................................ 19 2. Ligament ................................................................................................... 20 3. Kartilago ................................................................................................... 23 4. Membran synovial .................................................................................... 23 5. Meniscus ................................................................................................. 25 6. Bursa ........................................................................................................ 25 7. Otot penyusun .......................................................................................... 26 8. Persarafan ................................................................................................. 27 9. Biomekanika ............................................................................................ 28
C. Osteoarthritis .................................................................................................. 30 1. Definisi ..................................................................................................... 30 2. Etiologi ..................................................................................................... 31 3. Patofisiologi ............................................................................................ 31 4. Klasifikasi ................................................................................................ 32 5. Manifestasi Klinis/Gejala ......................................................................... 33 6. Kriteria Diagnosis .................................................................................... 35 7. Terapi ....................................................................................................... 36
D. Aktivitas Fungsional ...................................................................................... 37 1. Definisi ..................................................................................................... 37 2. Alat Ukur .................................................................................................. 38
E. Retro Walking Exercise .................................................................................. 39
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1. Definisi ..................................................................................................... 39 2. Mekanisme Latihan .................................................................................. 40 3. Indikasi dan Kotraindikasi ....................................................................... 40
F. Kinesio Taping ............................................................................................... 41 1. Definisi ..................................................................................................... 41 2. Konsep Penggunaan ................................................................................. 42 3. Pengaruh dan Manfaat Bagi Tubuh.......................................................... 44 4. Teknik Pengaplikasian ............................................................................. 45
BAB III: KERANGKA KONSEP ............................................................................. 48
A. Kerangka Konsep ........................................................................................... 48 B. Hipotesis ........................................................................................................ 49
BAB IV: METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................................... 50
A. Desain Penelitian ............................................................................................ 50 B. Kerangka Kerja Penelitian ............................................................................ 51 C. Populasi, Sampel, dan Teknik Sampling........................................................ 53 D. Variable Penelitian ......................................................................................... 55 E. Definisi Operasional Variable ....................................................................... 56 F. Tempat Dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................................................... 57 G. Instrument Penelitian .................................................................................... 57 H. Prosedur Pengumpulan Data ......................................................................... 58 I. Analisa Data .................................................................................................. 59 J. Etika Penelitian ............................................................................................. 60
BAB V: HASIL DAN ANALISA DATA ................................................................ 62
A. Gambaran Umum ........................................................................................... 62 B. Karakteristik Responden ................................................................................ 62
1. Usia .......................................................................................................... 62 2. IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh) .................................................................... 63 3. Jenis Kelamin ........................................................................................... 63 4. Rerata Nilai Aktivitas Fungsional ............................................................ 64
C. Analisa Data ................................................................................................... 65 1. Uji Normalitas .......................................................................................... 65 2. Uji Analisa Data ....................................................................................... 63
BAB VI: PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................................... 68
A. Interpretasi Hasil dan Diskusi ........................................................................ 68 1. Usia .......................................................................................................... 68 2. IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh) .................................................................... 69 3. Jenis Kelamin ........................................................................................... 69 4. Pengaruh Retro Walking Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas Fungsional ... 70 5. Pengaruh Kinesio Taping Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas Fungsional . 69 6. Pengaruh Retro Walking dan Kinesio Taping Terhadap Peningkatan
Aktivitas Fungsional ............................................................................... 70
B. Keterbatasan Penelitian .................................................................................. 77 C. Implikasi Fisioterapi ...................................................................................... 77
BAB VII: KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................. 79
A. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... 79 B. Saran ............................................................................................................... 79
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Knee Joint ........................................................................................... 20
Gambar 2.2 Komponen Penyusun Knee Joint ....................................................... 21
Gambar 2.3 Articular Cartilage .............................................................................. 23
Gambar 2.4 Membran Synovial............................................................................... 24
Gambar 2.5 Meniscus .............................................................................................. 25
Gambar 2.6 Bursa pada knee joint .......................................................................... 26
Gambar 2.7 Otot-otot penyusun Knee Joint ............................................................ 27
Gambar 2.8 Biomekanika knee joint ....................................................................... 29
Gambar 2.9 Kinesio Taping .................................................................................... 41
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DAFTAR TABEL
Table 1.1 Keaslian Penelitian ................................................................................... 7
Table 4.1 Table Operasional Variable ...................................................................... 56
Table 5.1 Nilai Rerata Aktivitas Fungsional ............................................................. 64
Table 5.2 Uji Normalitas Saphiro Wilk ..................................................................... 65
Table 5.3 Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rangked Test ........................................................... 66
Table 5.4 Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rangked Test ........................................................... 66
Table 5.3 Hasil Uji Mann Whitney U Test ................................................................ 67
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DAFTAR SKEMA
Skema 3.1 Kerangka Kosep Penelitian .................................................................... 48
Skema 4.1 Rancangan Penelitian .............................................................................. 51
Skema 4.2 Kerangka Kerja Penelitian ..................................................................... 52
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 5.1 Karakteristik Usia................................................................................. 62
Diagram 5.2 Karakteristik IMT................................................................................. 63
Diagram 4.2 Karakteristik Jenis Kelamin ................................................................. 63
xviii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 SOP Pengukuran Aktivitas Fungsional
Lampiran 2 SOP Retro Walking Exercise
Lampiran 3 SOP Kinesio Taping
Lampiran 4 Surat Izin Penelitian
Lampiran 5 Information of Consent
Lampiran 6 Informed Consent
Lampiran 7 Surat Keterangan Telah Menyelesaikan Penelitian
Lampiran 8 Instrumen Penelitian
Lampiran 9 Hasil SPSS
Lampiran 10 Dokumentasi Penelitian
Lampiran 11 Lembar Kesediaan Menjadi Pembimbing Skripsi
Lampiran 12 Lembar Konsultasi Bimbingan Skripsi
Lampiran 13 Angket Persetujuan Seminar Proposal
Lampiran 14 Angket Persetujuan Seminar Hasil
Lampiran 15 Curiculum Vitae
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