PERBANDINGAN RETRO WALKING EXERCISE DAN KINESIO

TAPING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS FUNGSIONAL

PADA LANSIA BERPOTENSI OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE DI

PUSKESMAS KENDAL KEREP

Skripsi

Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat

Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Fisioterapi

OLEH

AMELIA SALWA SYAHARA

201410490311104

PROGRAM STUDI S1 FISIOTERAPI

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

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PERBANDINGAN RETRO WALKING EXERCISE DAN KINESIO

TAPING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN AKIVITAS FUNGSIONAL

PADA LANSIA BERPOTENSI OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE DI

PUSKESMAS KENDAL KEREP

Skripsi

Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat

Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Fisioterapi

OLEH

AMELIA SALWA SYAHARA

201410490311104

PROGRAM STUDI S1 FISIOTERAPI

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

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v

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KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya

penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas penyusunan skripsi dengan judul Perbandingan

Retro Walking Exercise dan Kinesio Taping Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas

Fungsional Pada Lansia Berpotensi Osteoarthritis Knee Di Puskesmas Kendal Kerep.

Tidak lupa sholawat serta salam penulis haturkan kepada junjungan alam Baginda

Rasulloh SAW yang telah membimbing kita dari zaman jahilliyah menuju zaman yang

canggih seperti sekarang ini.

Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas skripsi ini tidak dapat terwujud tanpa bantuan

dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak, maka pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan

terimakasih yang sebesar – besarnya kepada :

1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan nikmat jasmani dan rohani serta rahmat

dan karunianya sehingga penulis dapat mengerjakan dan menyelesaikan

tugas skripsi tepat waktu.

2. Bapak Dr. H. Fauzan, M.Pd, selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang yang telah mengizinkan penulis menuntut ilmu di kampus yang

berselogan Jas Merah Kampus Putih.

3. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanudin, M.Kep, SpKep selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu

Kesehatan Universitas Muhammalang.

4. Ibu Atika Yulianti, SST.Ft., M.Fis. selaku Kepala Program Studi S1

Fisioterapi sekaligus dosen pembimbing 1 yang telah banyak memberikan

masukkan, saran dan bimbingan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.

vii

5. Bapak Safun Rahmanto, S.ST. Ft., M.Fis. selaku Kepala Program Studi

Profesi Fisioterapi sekaligus dosen pembimbing 2 yang telah banyak

memberikan masukkan, saran dan bimbingan dalam penyusunan skripsi

ini.

6. Segenap Dosen Pengajar di Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang yang telah membagikan ilmu dan segenap

pengalaman dalam bentuk apapun.

7. Kedua Orang tua Bapak Mukti Gunawan dan Ibu Anissatul Mufarokah

yang selalu memberikan doa, semangat serta memberikan dukungan baik

materi maupun spiritual dengan penuh kasih sayang.

8. Kepada nenek Hj. Supartilah dan Almh. Hj. Binti Quroti Aini yang selalu

memberikan doa dan dukungan dengan penuh kasih sayang.

9. Kepada adik yaitu Alvina, Hanifa, Safira, dan Nina yang selalu

memberikan doa, semangat, dan dukungan.

10. Kepada saudara yaitu Mbak Galuh, Mama Yul, Mas Andi, Mbak Eka,

Tante Tiin, Madin, Rayhan yang memberikan doa, semangat, dan

dukungan materi maupun spiritual.

11. Kepada Fitria Romla Susanti, Yulian Pristanty, Maulana Ahsan Fadhail,

Akhmad Ridhani, Afif Zainuri Wafiq, Nurdhatul Maulida Aswita, Hayyu

Fathil Hasanah, Rizka Asna, Fitriyani Rahma, Aulianti Rahma, Prinda

Ramdhani, Fildzah Maharani Oddang, Titis Hayuning Tiyasari selaku

rekan yang sangat berpengaruh bagi penulis dalam pembuatan skripsi.

12. Teman – teman Prodi S1 Fisioterapi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

yang telah memberikan semangat serta dukungan saya dapat

menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

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13. Kepada Bapak Dr. Khozin, M.Si selaku Kepala UPT.P2KK yang

memberikan banyak dukungan kepada penulis.

14. Kepada staff UPT P2KK, Ibu Radhityas Fitri, Bapak Ilham Virgo, Bapak

Lukman Hakim, yang telah memberikan banyak dukungan kepada penulis

selama mengerjakan skripsi.

15. Kepada Mbak Rani, Mbak Iim, mas Fuad, Mas Yoni, Mas Ryan, Hasna,

Yoga, Pambudi, Eko, Alvian, selaku rekan part time di UPT P2KK yang

selalu mendukung dan memberikan semangat kepada penulis.

16. Kepada Mas Yahya, Mas Irul, Mas Husein, Mas Fauzi, Mas Akbar, Mas

Arifin, Mas Daryanto, Mbak Jejen, dan Mbak Lisari selaku trainer di UPT

P2KK yang selalu mendukung dan memberikan semangat kepada penulis.

17. Kepada mbak Maya dan mbak Ismi selaku staff asrama putri sang surya

rusunawa 2 yang telah membimbing penulis selama tinggal dan berproses

di asrama serta para pendamping rusunawa periode 2015-2018 yang selalu

bersedia berbagi suka duka.

18. Kepada Zuni Fitrowati, Anika First Tyara, Hernanda Astri, selaku teman

“sesepuh rusunawa” yang senantiasa mendukung penulis.

19. Kepada keluarga besar TIMPAKES FIKES UMM dimana penulis dapat

berproses dalam organisasi serta mendapatkan banyak pengalaman tentang

ilmu kesehatan selain fisioterapi baik dalam bidang keperawatan dan

kefarmasian , terkhusus untuk pengurus periode 2016/2017.

20. Kepada keluarga besar Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Marching Band UMM

yang selalu berbagi pengalaman dalam meningkatkan skill seni Marching

21. Kepada teman-teman KKN 13 Probolinggo yang luar biasa, terkhusus

divisi kesehatan.

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22. Semua pihak yang membantu penyusunan skripsi ini yang tidak bisa

disebutkan satu persatu.

Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam menyusun Skripsi ini jauh dari kata sempurna,

oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun.

Wassalamualaikum Wr.Wb.

Malang, 15 Agustus 2019

Penulis

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ABSTRAK

Perbandingan Retro Walking Exercise Dengan Kinesio Taping Terhadap Peningkatan

Aktivitas Fungsional Pada Lansia Berpotensi Osteoarthritis Knee

Di Puskesmas Kendal Kerep

Amelia Salwa Syahara1, Atika Yulianti2 , Safun Rahmanto2

Latar Belakang : Osteoarthritis didefinisikan sebagai penyakit degeratif sendi

sinovial yang ditandai dengan chondropathy dan sekaligus proliferasi tulang baru

dengan renovasi kontur sendi. Gejala yang timbul pada osteoarthritis sendi lutut dapat

mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari dan aktivitas fungsional tubuh. Maka dalam rangka

meningkatkan aktivitas fungsional, akan dilakukan tindakan fisioterapi berupa retro

walking exercise dan kinesio taping.

Metode : Penelitian menggunakan desain quasy eksperimental yakni dengan non

equivalen group design yang melibatkan 30 responden menggunakan teknik

purposive sampling. Terdapat 2 kelompok intervensi yaitu kelompok retro walking

exercise (n=16) dan kelompok kinesio taping (n=14). Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu

Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS).

Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan uji wilcoxon signed rangked test pada kedua kelompok

perlakuan menunjukan adanya peningkatan aktivitas fungsional. Hasil penelitian

dengan uji Mann whitneyy u test menunjukan nilai sig (0,88) > 0,05 yang berarti H0

diterima.

Kesimpulan : Tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh antara kinesio taping dengan retro

walking exercise terhadap peningkatan aktivitas fungsional pada lansia di Puskesmas

Kendal Kerep Polehan. Namun, hasil mean menunjukkan bahwa retro walking

exercise lebih berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan aktivitas fungsional dibandingkan

kinesio taping.

Kata Kunci : Lansia, Osteoarthritis Knee, Kinesio Taping, Retro Walking Exercise.

1 Mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang 2 Dosen Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

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ABSTRACT

The Comparison of Retro Walking Exercise and Kinesio Taping in Increasing

Functional Activity to Elderly of Knee Osteoarthritis Risk in Kendal Kerep

Health Center

Amelia Salwa Syahara1, Atika Yulianti2 ,Safun Rahmanto2

Background: Osteoarthritis is defined as a synovial joint degenerative disease that is

indicated by chondropathy and new bone proliferation with remodeling of contour of

the joint. The symptom of knee osteoarthritis caused bothers daily activities and

functional activities of the body. Accordingly, in order to increases the functional

activity, physiotherapy in the term of retro walking exercise and kinesio taping will be

conducted.

Method: this research used quasy experimental with non equivalent group design

which involved 30 respondents and used purposive sampling. There were two

intervention groups, namely retro walking exercise group (n=16) and kinesio taping

group (n=14). The measuring instrument was Lower Extremity Functional Scale

(LEFS)

Result: Research finding by using wilcoxon signed rank test to those two groups

indicates there is improvement functional activity. Thus, the research finding using

Mann whitneyy u test on shows a sig value (0.88)> 0.05 which means that H0 was

accepted.

Conclusion: There is no different effect between kinesio taping and retro walking

exercise in increasing of functional activity to elderly in Health Center of Kendal

Kerep Polehan. However, mean shows that retro walking exercise more affects to

increase functional activity than kinesio taping.

Keywords: Elderly, Osteoarthritis Knee, Kinesio Taping, Retro Walking

Exercise.

1 Student of Bachelor Physiotherapy Department, University of Muhammadiyah

Malang 2 Lecturer of Bachelor Physiotherapy Department, University of Muhammadiyah

Malang

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ..................................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN......................................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................ iv

SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN ............................................... v

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ vi

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................... x

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ xi

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................. xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. xivv

DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... xv

DAFTAR SKEMA .................................................................................................... xvi

DAFTAR DIAGRAM ............................................................................................ xvvii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................... xviii

BAB I: PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1

A. Latar Belakang ................................................................................................. 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................ 5 C. Tujuan .............................................................................................................. 6 D. Manfaat ............................................................................................................ 6 E. Keaslian Penelitian ........................................................................................... 7

BAB II: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.............................................................................. 15

A. Lansia ............................................................................................................ 15 1. Definisi Lansia ........................................................................................ 15 2. Klasifikasi Lansia .................................................................................... 16 3. Permasalahan Umum yang Dialami Lansia ............................................. 16

B. Anatomi Sendi Lutut ...................................................................................... 19 1. Persendian ................................................................................................ 19 2. Ligament ................................................................................................... 20 3. Kartilago ................................................................................................... 23 4. Membran synovial .................................................................................... 23 5. Meniscus ................................................................................................. 25 6. Bursa ........................................................................................................ 25 7. Otot penyusun .......................................................................................... 26 8. Persarafan ................................................................................................. 27 9. Biomekanika ............................................................................................ 28

C. Osteoarthritis .................................................................................................. 30 1. Definisi ..................................................................................................... 30 2. Etiologi ..................................................................................................... 31 3. Patofisiologi ............................................................................................ 31 4. Klasifikasi ................................................................................................ 32 5. Manifestasi Klinis/Gejala ......................................................................... 33 6. Kriteria Diagnosis .................................................................................... 35 7. Terapi ....................................................................................................... 36

D. Aktivitas Fungsional ...................................................................................... 37 1. Definisi ..................................................................................................... 37 2. Alat Ukur .................................................................................................. 38

E. Retro Walking Exercise .................................................................................. 39

xiii

1. Definisi ..................................................................................................... 39 2. Mekanisme Latihan .................................................................................. 40 3. Indikasi dan Kotraindikasi ....................................................................... 40

F. Kinesio Taping ............................................................................................... 41 1. Definisi ..................................................................................................... 41 2. Konsep Penggunaan ................................................................................. 42 3. Pengaruh dan Manfaat Bagi Tubuh.......................................................... 44 4. Teknik Pengaplikasian ............................................................................. 45

BAB III: KERANGKA KONSEP ............................................................................. 48

A. Kerangka Konsep ........................................................................................... 48 B. Hipotesis ........................................................................................................ 49

BAB IV: METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................................... 50

A. Desain Penelitian ............................................................................................ 50 B. Kerangka Kerja Penelitian ............................................................................ 51 C. Populasi, Sampel, dan Teknik Sampling........................................................ 53 D. Variable Penelitian ......................................................................................... 55 E. Definisi Operasional Variable ....................................................................... 56 F. Tempat Dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................................................... 57 G. Instrument Penelitian .................................................................................... 57 H. Prosedur Pengumpulan Data ......................................................................... 58 I. Analisa Data .................................................................................................. 59 J. Etika Penelitian ............................................................................................. 60

BAB V: HASIL DAN ANALISA DATA ................................................................ 62

A. Gambaran Umum ........................................................................................... 62 B. Karakteristik Responden ................................................................................ 62

1. Usia .......................................................................................................... 62 2. IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh) .................................................................... 63 3. Jenis Kelamin ........................................................................................... 63 4. Rerata Nilai Aktivitas Fungsional ............................................................ 64

C. Analisa Data ................................................................................................... 65 1. Uji Normalitas .......................................................................................... 65 2. Uji Analisa Data ....................................................................................... 63

BAB VI: PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................................... 68

A. Interpretasi Hasil dan Diskusi ........................................................................ 68 1. Usia .......................................................................................................... 68 2. IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh) .................................................................... 69 3. Jenis Kelamin ........................................................................................... 69 4. Pengaruh Retro Walking Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas Fungsional ... 70 5. Pengaruh Kinesio Taping Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas Fungsional . 69 6. Pengaruh Retro Walking dan Kinesio Taping Terhadap Peningkatan

Aktivitas Fungsional ............................................................................... 70

B. Keterbatasan Penelitian .................................................................................. 77 C. Implikasi Fisioterapi ...................................................................................... 77

BAB VII: KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................. 79

A. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... 79 B. Saran ............................................................................................................... 79

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Knee Joint ........................................................................................... 20

Gambar 2.2 Komponen Penyusun Knee Joint ....................................................... 21

Gambar 2.3 Articular Cartilage .............................................................................. 23

Gambar 2.4 Membran Synovial............................................................................... 24

Gambar 2.5 Meniscus .............................................................................................. 25

Gambar 2.6 Bursa pada knee joint .......................................................................... 26

Gambar 2.7 Otot-otot penyusun Knee Joint ............................................................ 27

Gambar 2.8 Biomekanika knee joint ....................................................................... 29

Gambar 2.9 Kinesio Taping .................................................................................... 41

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DAFTAR TABEL

Table 1.1 Keaslian Penelitian ................................................................................... 7

Table 4.1 Table Operasional Variable ...................................................................... 56

Table 5.1 Nilai Rerata Aktivitas Fungsional ............................................................. 64

Table 5.2 Uji Normalitas Saphiro Wilk ..................................................................... 65

Table 5.3 Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rangked Test ........................................................... 66

Table 5.4 Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rangked Test ........................................................... 66

Table 5.3 Hasil Uji Mann Whitney U Test ................................................................ 67

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DAFTAR SKEMA

Skema 3.1 Kerangka Kosep Penelitian .................................................................... 48

Skema 4.1 Rancangan Penelitian .............................................................................. 51

Skema 4.2 Kerangka Kerja Penelitian ..................................................................... 52

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DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 5.1 Karakteristik Usia................................................................................. 62

Diagram 5.2 Karakteristik IMT................................................................................. 63

Diagram 4.2 Karakteristik Jenis Kelamin ................................................................. 63

xviii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 SOP Pengukuran Aktivitas Fungsional

Lampiran 2 SOP Retro Walking Exercise

Lampiran 3 SOP Kinesio Taping

Lampiran 4 Surat Izin Penelitian

Lampiran 5 Information of Consent

Lampiran 6 Informed Consent

Lampiran 7 Surat Keterangan Telah Menyelesaikan Penelitian

Lampiran 8 Instrumen Penelitian

Lampiran 9 Hasil SPSS

Lampiran 10 Dokumentasi Penelitian

Lampiran 11 Lembar Kesediaan Menjadi Pembimbing Skripsi

Lampiran 12 Lembar Konsultasi Bimbingan Skripsi

Lampiran 13 Angket Persetujuan Seminar Proposal

Lampiran 14 Angket Persetujuan Seminar Hasil

Lampiran 15 Curiculum Vitae

xix

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