8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
1/102
[]^MC LHERGQG[C RNQ[NR[C G]QCA^] RQHM^L [NRNMG EH]HQ
[RHQ] MC LH]G EG]GQGE
Qhhs Fgfg [ukcjgtc
RNFIGQ^J EH]CTG[C MGF MC[CR@CF ]NQJGMGR LCFNQOG I^Q^ [MF
4 [C@G LGA^RG]NF ACEG F]A ]GJ^F 127=
Ygjyu Jgrygmc
RNFIGQ^J []CE^@^[ CL@GF I^@GL^ TNQ[S KH[]^EN RGQ]S
]NQJGMGR AQGFM GYGQNFN[[ RGMG EG[SGQGLG] LH]G
EG]GQGE
Qhhs Fgfg [ukcjgtc
CFMNL[ LNR^G[GF EG[SGQGLG] ]NQJGMGR RN@GSGFGF
]QGF[ECIQG[C RGMG MCFG[ ]NFGIG LNQOG MGF ]QGF[ECIQG[CLGA^RG]NF [^EAGYG
Gius Jcmgygt
GFG@C[C[ RNFIGQ^J CF]Q^L[C ANQ[GEG (CFANQ) ]NQJGMGR
LCFNQOG RNIGYGC [GE[G] MC LGA^RG]NF [^EAGYG
Gfgfi Agius Rrgtgeg
RNFIGQ^J RGOGL MGF QN]QCA^[C MGNQGJ ]NQJGMGR
RNFMGRG]GF G[@C MGNQGJ MC LGA^RG]NF [^EAGYG ]GJ^F 122:-
1271
Gfmc Gryg Fuscrwgf
R^[G] QC[N] NLHFHEC MGF RNEAGFI^FGF
DGL^@]G[ NLHFHEC ^FCTNQ[C]G[ [GEGYG
127=
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
2/102
Mctnractlgf h`nj?
R^[G] QC[N] NLHFHEC MGF RNEAGFI^FGF
DGL^@]G[ NLHFHEC ^FCTNQ[C]G[ [GEGYG
]GJ^F 127=
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
3/102
Mctnractlgf h`nj?
R^[G] QC[N] NLHFHEC MGF
RNEAGFI^FGF
Dglu`tgs Nlhfhec
^fcvnrsctgs [gegwg (^F[G)
G`gegt Qnmglsc?Lgepus Dglu`tgs Nlhfhec
^fcvnrsctgs [gegwg
O`. Qgyg Ay Rgss [nrcfi ^ftnr
Cwns
[ueagwg Ansgr F]A]n`p./Dgls. (2;97) 41>:=:
Rn`cfmufi & Rnfgsnjgt
Rrhd. Mr. [ygcdummcf Cslgfmgr, E.Rm.
Rnfigrgj
[ygdrummcf
Rnecepcf Qnmglsc
[uprcgfth
Qnmgltur Rn`glsgfg
Ygjyu Jgrygmc
Clg Dctrcygfc
Qnmgltur Gj`c
C Fyhegf [utgeg
N``y Lgren`c
Fcfcfi [umcygrtc
[uajgf Rurwgmcfgtg
G. Qgjegf
LgegrummcfTcvcf Dctrygfc
Sgygt Dctrcgfc
Csjgl Qgjegf
Qhhs Fgfg [ukcjgtc
Qumc Egsfcgmc
Egrcsg [utgfty
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
4/102
MGD]GQ C[C
[]^MC LHERGQG[C RNQ[NR[C G]QCA^] RQHM^L [NRNMG EH]HQ
[RHQ] MC LH]G EG]GQGE ................................................................. 7
Qhhs Fgfg [ukcjgtc
RNFIGQ^J EH]CTG[C MGF MC[CR@CF ]NQJGMGR LCFNQOG I^Q^
[MF 4 [C@G LGA^RG]NF ACEG F]A ]GJ^F 127= .......................... 7=
Ygjyu Jgrygmc
RNFIGQ^J []CE^@^[ CL@GF I^@GL^ TNQ[S KH[]^EN RGQ]S
]NQJGMGR AQGFM GYGQNFN[[ RGMG EG[SGQGLG] LH]G
EG]GQGE .................................................................................................. ;1
Qhhs Fgfg [ukcjgtc
CFMNL[ LNR^G[GF EG[SGQGLG] ]NQJGMGR RN@GSGFGF
]QGF[ECIQG[C RGMG MCFG[ ]NFGIG LNQOG MGF ]QGF[ECIQG[C
LGA^RG]NF [^EAGYG ........................................................................ =3
Gius J cmgygt
GFG@C[C[ RNFIGQ^J CF]Q^L[C ANQ[GEG (CFANQ) ]NQJGMGRLCFNQOG RNIGYGC [GE[G] MC LGA^RG]NF [^EAGYG .......... 49
Gfgfi Agius Rrgtgeg
RNFIGQ^J RGOGL MGF QN]QCA^[C MGNQGJ ]NQJGMGR
RNFMGRG]GF G[@C MGNQGJ MC LGA^RG]NF [^EAGYG ]GJ^F
122:-1271 ...................................................................................................... :1
Gfmc Gryg Fuscrwgf
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
5/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 7
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
[]^MC LHERGQG[C RNQ[NR[C G]QCA^] RQHM^L [NRNMG EH]HQ
[RHQ] MC LH]G EG]GQGE
H`nj ?Qhhs Fgfg [ukcjgtc
GA[]QGL
Rnfn`ctcgf cfc anrtuougf uftul enfintgjuc pnranmgggf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg
ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge mgf ouig enfintgjuc gtrcaut prhmul ygfi
eneanmglgffyg. Rnfn`ctcgf cfc enrupglgf pnfn`ctcgf lhepgrgtcd, mnfigf `hlgsc
pnfn`ctcgf mc Lhtg Egtgrge. Rhpu`gsc pgmg pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj pnfiiufg snpnmg
ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge uftul tcig enrnl (Jhfmg, Lgwgsglc mgf Sgegjg).
[gepn` ygfi mciufglgf snagfygl 72> rnsphfmnf mnfigf tnlfcl sgepn` enfiiufglgf purphscvn sgep`cfi. ]nlfcl gfg`cscs ygfi mciufglgf gmg`gj uoc D. Fgeuf, lgrnfg mgtg
ygfi mcluepu`lgf tnregsul mgtg ygfi tcmgl anrmcstrcausc fhreg`, eglg pnfn`ctc
enfiiufglgf uoc stgtcstcl fhf pgrgentrcl ygctu mnfigf enfiiufglgf uoc Lruslg`
Yg``cs. Jgsc` pnfn`ctcgf anrmgsgrlgf uoc Lruslg` Yg``cs mcpnrh`nj jgsc` agjwg gmg
pnranmggf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge. Jgsc` cfc
mctufoullgf mnfigf gfilg Gsyep.[ci `nacj lnkc` mgrc gfilg `nvn` scifcdclgf ygfi tn`gj
mctnftulgf ygctu 2,2;4 0 2,2>. [nmgfilgf uftul gtrcaut prhmul ygfi eneanmglgf
pnrsnpsc pgmg snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge, gmg`gj Z7 (gtrcaut anrwuoum)
mctufoullgf mgrc gfilg Gsyep.[ci 2,227 0 2,2>.
Lgtg Lufkc? Rnrsnpsc, Gtr cau t Rrhmul, [npnmg Ehthr [phrt
C. RNFMGJ^@^GF7.7. @gtgr An`glgfi
Rnegsgrgf enrupglgf sg`gj sgtu lnicgtgf hpnrgschfg` ygfi pnftcfi mg`ge sugtu
pnrusgjggf. Rnegsgrgf enrupglgf prhsns pnrnfkgfggf mgf pn`glsgfggf lhfsnpsc,
pnfnftugf jgrig, prhehsc mgf mcstrcausc cmn-cmn, agrgfi-agrgfi mgf ogsg-ogsg uftul
enfkcptglgf pnrtulgrgf ygfi eneugslgf tuougf cfmcvcmu mgf hrigfcsgsc (Lht`nr, 1221).
Jgsc` Rnegsgrgf sugtu pnrusgjggf mgpgt mcogmclgf snagigc sg`gj sgtu g`gt uftul
enfintgjuc egou mgf eufmurfyg pnrusgjggf. Jgrgpgf pn`gfiigf tnrjgmgp prhmul
egupuf ogsg enepufygc pnrgfgf ygfi ansgr mg`ge enfnftulgf lug`ctgs prhmul
(agrgfi mgf ogsg) mgf lnpugsgf pn`gfiigf. Mg`ge enfinvg`ugscfyg, pn`gfiigf glgf
enfiiufglgf jgrgpgffyg snagigc stgfmgr gtgu gkugf. Mg`ge lhftnls lnpugsgf
pn`gfiigf, ueuefyg jgrgpgf enrupglgf pnrlcrggf gtgu lnyglcfgf pn`gfiigf tnftgfi
gpg ygfi glgf mctnrcegfyg ([gfthsh mgf ]ocpthfh, 1227).
Mg`ge lhfmcsc pgsgr i`hag` cfc sneglcf agfygl pnrusgjggf ygfi egsul ln
pgsgr mnfigf enfgwgrlgf anragigc egkge prhmul egupuf ogsg ygfi mcautujlgf h`nj
lhfsuenf. Rrhmul ygfi mcoug` mc pgsgr tnftufyg jgrus mcanmglgf mnfigf prhmul
pnsgcfi, h`nj lgrnfg ctu prhmul tnrsnaut jgrus mcanrc tgfmg, sceah` gtgu mnsgcf ygfi
enficmnftcdclgsc mgf eneanmglgf mnfigf prhmul `gcf.
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
6/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 1
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
Rnrsgcfigf gftgr pn`glu cfmustrc hthehtcd mc Cfmhfnscg acsg mclgtglgf sgfigt
lntgt, sg`gj sgtufyg gmg`gj cfmustrc snpnmg ehthr. Ananrgpg `gfilgj strgtnics puf
mc`glulgf h`nj pgrg pn`glu cfmustrc ygfi gmg eu`gc mgrc gltcvctgs prhehsc ygfi infkgr,
pnfnlgfgf jgrig prhmul jcfiig pnfkcptggf prhmul ygfi `nacj cfhvgtcd. Lnacoglgf-lnacoglgf tnrsnaut mc`glulgf jgfyg uftul sgtu tuougf ygctu enenfgfic pnrsgcfigf ygfi
glgf anrmgepgl tnrjgmgp tcfiicfyg `gag ygfi mctnrceg. Lngmggf snpnrtc cfc`gj ygfi
glgf enfogmclgf snaugj pnrusgjggf hthehtcd tntgp sn`g`u nlscs mg`ge enfog`gflgf
acsfcsfyg.
Mc Cfmhfnscg sntcmglfyg gmg ananrgpg argfm snpnmg ehthr tnrlnfg` ygfi tn`gj
`geg enfogmc cmh`g egsygrglgt `ugs snpnrtc Sgegjg, Jhfmg, [uzulc, mgf Lgwgsglc.
[n`gcf argfm mc gtgs, cfmustrc snpnmg ehthr mc Cfmhfnscg ouig mcrgegclgf h`nj ananrgpg
pnfmgtgfi agru snpnrtc Agogo mgf ]T[. Agfyglfyg pnrusgjggf snpnmg ehthr ygfi gmg
tnftufyg sn`grgs pu`g mnfigf pnfcfilgtgf pnrsgcfigf acsfcs mc gftgrg argfm-argfm
tnrlnfg` tnrsnaut. Mg`ge rgfilg enenfgfic pnrsgcfigf mg`ge cfmustrc snpnmg ehthr
tgfgj gcr, argfm-argfm tnrlnfg` lcfc tnrus anr`heag uftul eneclgt jgtc egsygrglgt.]nrlgct mnfigf jg` tnrsnaut, snpnmg ehthr enrnl Jhfmg snagigc snaugj prhmul
lnfmgrggf ygfi tn`gj enegsulc pgsgr Cfmhfnscg snenfogl tgjuf 7342-gf enrupglgf
prhmul ygfi enfogmc egrlnt `ngmnr mg`ge lgtnihrc snpnmg ehthr. Enslcpuf snpnmg
ehthr Jhfmg sggt cfc egscj enfogmc pc`cjgf utgeg egsygrglgt mg`ge enec`cj snpnmg
ehthr, glgf tntgpc mnfigf inepurgf prhmul-prhmul mgrc pnsgcfi mnfigf lnufiiu`gf
anrgfnlgrgige ygfi mctgwgrlgf glgf enfogmc jgeagtgf agic Jhfmg ctu snfmcrc.
Anrtgjuf-tgjuf Jhfmg enfogmc sg`gj sgtu pnegcf pgsgr lnfmgrggf rhmg mug ygfi
mctglutc mc mufcg tnregsul mc Cfmhfnscg mnfigf enfigfmg`lgf enscf agfmn` anrlug`ctgs,
gwnt mgf crct agjgf aglgr.
Sgegjg snagigc sgcfigf Jhfmg, ygfi ouig enrupglgf sg`gj sgtu pnrusgjggf
snpnmg ehthr mnfigf pnfoug`gf tnr`grcs mc Cfmhfnscg, jgrus on`c en`cjgt pn`ugfi pgsgr.Mg`ge pnrsgcfigf snpnmg ehthr cfc Sgegjg jgrus egepu enfijgsc`lgf prhmul ygfi
anrlug`ctgs mnfigf jgrig ygfi tnrogfilgu. [uzulc mnfigf pnfoug`gf ygfi tcmgl snansgr
Sgegjg mgf Jhfmg pgmg lnfmgrggf rhmg mug. Fgeuf, [uzulc ouig enepnrscgplgf
snpnmg ehthr mnfigf jgrig ygfi `nacj tnrogfilgu. [nmgfilgf Lgwgsglc enrupglgf
pnrusgjggf ygfi anrdhlus pgmg ehthr sphrt. R]. Lgwgsglc Ehthr Cfmhfnscg (LEC)
enrupglgf sg`gj sgtu pnrusgjggf ygfi anrhpnrgsc mg`ge cfmustrc snpnmg ehthr snogl
mcmcrclgf pgmg tgfiig` 7: Dnarugrc 733=. R]. LEC eneu`gc hpnrgscfyg snkgrg
lhenrscg` pgmg au`gf Egrnt 733>, mcagwgj `csnfsc mgrc Lgwgsglc Jngvy Cfmustrcns, @tm-
Ogpgf snagigc prcfscpg`. Anragigc prhmul ygfi gmg tnftu sgog enepufygc strgtnic
tnrsnfmcrc gigr mgpgt mclnfg` h`nj egsygrglgt, snjcfiig pgmg gljcrfyg kg`hf lhfsuenf
enepufygc lnputusgf uftul enean`c.
Rnfurufgf pnfoug`gf lnfmgrggf rhmg mug ygfi `gcf tcmgl mcclutc h`nj onfcs ehthr
sphrt. Rgsgr snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc tgfgj gcr tntgp stgac`. Enslc lnjgmcrgf snpnmg ehthr
egtck enfiinrhihtc pnfoug`gf snpnmg ehthr ananl, tntgpc snpnmg ehthr onfcs sphrt tcmgl
anrinecfi. Agjlgf egrlnt sjgrnfyg lcfc gmg mc 72 pnrsnf mgrc thtg` pnfoug`gf snpnmg
ehthr fgschfg`. Jcfiig au`gf Hlthanr 1271, mgtg Gshscgsc Cfmustrc [npnmg Ehthr
Cfmhfnscg (GC[C) enfufoulgf thtg` pnfoug`gf snpnmg ehthr fgschfg` >:,=4 pnrsnf
gmg`gj egtck, snmgfi ananl ;2,:1 pnrsnf snmgfilgf sphrt enfkgpgc 72,19 pnrsnf.
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= ;
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
[npnmg ehthr sphrt cmnftcl mnfigf snpnmg ehthr prcg. Lnautujgf egsygrglgt
Cfmhfnscg glgf snpnmg ehthr sphrt mcpnfigrujc h`nj anragigc g`gsgf ygctu enrnl, jgrig,
dufisc, igyg jcmup, spnscdclgsc tnlfcs, sgepgc mnfigf pnfiiufggf agjgf aglgr ygfi crct.
Rgmg tgjuf 1229-122: Jhfmg enfogmc pnecepcf egrlnt sjgrn pgmg ehthr sphrt. Fgeuf, mgrc tgjuf 1223 sgepgc sggt cfc pnecepcf uftul snpnmg ehthr sphrt gmg`gj
Sgegjg. Mgrc thtg` pnfoug`gf snpnmg ehthr sphrt enfurut GC[C, Sgegjg egscj
enfmhecfgsc mgrc tgjuf 1223-1271. Rnfoug`gffyg enfkgpgc ;:>.424 ufct gtgu `nacj
mgrc sntnfigj pnfoug`gf snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Cfmhfnscg jcfiig hlthanr 1271. [nlg`cius
enfiulujlgf Sgegjg T-Cxchf snagigc snpnmg ehthr sphrt pg`cfi mcinegrc mc
Cfmhfnscg. [nmgfilgf Lgwgsglc anrgmg mc phscsc lnmug. [nkgrg thtg` pnfoug`gf Jhfmg
enfmumulc pnrcfilgt ln tcig mc agwgj Lgwgsglc lneumcgf mcclutc h`nj [uzulc.
Lnfmgrggf anrehthr enrupglgf gfilutgf mgrgt utgeg mc Egtgrge. Rgmg tgjuf
1277, lnfmgrggf anrehthr mcmhecfgsc h`nj snpnmg ehthr/honl snansgr 4:,>9 pnrsnf
(AR[, 1271 ? ;=7-;=1). Rnfoug`gf lnfmgrggf rhmg mug mc Lhtg Egtgrge ygfi
enfig`gec pnfurufgf pnfoug`gffyg ygctu jgfyg pgmg enrnl Jhfmg sgog. [nmgfilgfygfi `gcffyg enfig`gec pnfcfilgtgf pnfoug`gf. Mgrc tgan` mc gtgs ouig mgpgt
enfufoullgf agjwg uftul lnfmgrggf rhmg mug mc Lhtg Egtgrge ygfi enfogmc egrlnt
`ngmnr gmg`gj snpnmg ehthr enrnl Jhfmg mcurutgf lnmug Sgegjg mcsusu` h`nj [uzulc,
Lgwgsglc mgf ygfi tnrgljcr gmg`gj enrnl ygfi `gcf-`gcf.
Rnfoug`gf snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge sntcgp au`gffyg enfig`gec
d`ultugsc pnfoug`gf. [npnmg ehthr sphrt ygfi pg`cfi tcfiic gfilg pnfoug`gffyg pgmg
au`gf Ogfugrc sgepgc Ou`c gmg`gj snpnmg ehthr sphrt mnfigf enrnl Sgegjg. Lgwgsglc
pgmg urutgf lnmug mgf Jhfmg pgmg urutgf lntcig. [npnmg ehthr sphrt enfig`gec
pnfcfilgtgf pnfoug`gf ygfi kulup tcfiic tnrogmc pgmg au`gf Ou`c mgf ygfi tnrnfmgj pgmg
au`gf Oufc.
Rnfoug`gf snpnmg ehthr sphrt ygfi kulup tcfiic ouig mgpgt mcaultclgf mgrc pnfigegtgf ygfi mc`glulgf pnfn`ctc. Anrmgsgrlgf pnfigegtgf ygfi mc`glulgf pgmg jgrc
lgecs tgfiig` 77 Ou`c 127; (og`gf Egogpgjct) mc Lhtg Egtgrge uftul onfcs ehthr sphrt
sumgj agfygl mciufglgf h`nj egsygrglgt Lhtg Egtgrge. Rnfigegtgf ygfi mc`glulgf
mgpgt mcpnrlcrglgf agjwg gmg 7:4 ufct snpnmg ehthr sphrt ygfi en`cftgsc og`gf
Egogpgjct pgmg pulu` 74.;2 sgegpgc 79.;2 YC]G. Eneagfocrfyg pnfiiufg ehthr
sphrt cfc `nacj `nacj mcmhecfgsc h`nj tcig onfcs enrnl snpnmg ehthr ygctu Jhfmg,
Sgegjg mgf Lgwgsglc. [ggt cfc enrnl [uzulc sumgj lurgfi mcecfgtc. Anrlurgfifyg
ecfgt lhfsuenf tnrjgmgp snpnmg ehthr sphrt [uzulc cfc mgpgt mc`cjgt mgrc gfilg
pnfoug`gf ygfi tnrmgpgt pgmg tgan` 7.= ygfi enfufoullgf agjwg mg`ge tuouj au`gf
pgmg tgjuf 127; [uzulc jgfyg egepu enfoug` nfge ufct snpnmg ehthr.
Rnrsgcfigf pnfoug`gf lnfmgrggf rhmg mug snkgrg fgschfg` ljususfyg ehthr sphrt
sgfigt lntgt ygctu mnfigf eneagfocrfyg onfcs-onfcs snpnmg ehthr sphrt mgrc anragigc
enrnl. Agfyglfyg ginf pnfoug`gf snpnmg ehthr sphrt ygfi tnrsnagr mc sn`uruj
Cfmhfnscg tnregsul mc Lhtg Egtgrge eneumgjlgf lhfsuenf uftul enepnrh`nj
prhmul ygfi mccficflgf. Mcceagfic mnfigf tcpn-tcpn ehthr sphrt ygfi agfygl snjcfiig
lhfsuenf ygfi anrgmg mc Lhtg Egtgrge mgpgt enec`cj onfcs snpnmg ehthr sphrt ygfi
mccficflgffyg.
Anmgsgrlgf urgcgf mc gtgs mgrc pnrsgcfigf ygfi tnrogmc pgmg snpnmg ehthr sphrt,
eglg egscfi-egscfi pnrusgjggf pnr`u enfintgjuc pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul ygfi gmg
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
8/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= =
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
mg`ge pclcrgf lhfsuenf. Eglg mcpnr`ulgf sugtu lgocgf tnftgfi ‐[tumc Lhepgrgsc
Rnrsnpsc Gtrcaut Rrhmul [npnmg Ehthr [phrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge―..
7.1. Queusgf Egsg`gj[nagigcegfg urgcgf mgrc `gtgr an`glgfi, eglg pnfu`cs enrueuslgf egsg`gj
pnfn`ctcgf cfc snagigc anrclut?
7. Gpglgj gmg pnranmggf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt (Jhfmg, Sgegjgmgf Lgwgsglc) mc Lhtg Egtgrge8
1. Gtrcaut prhmul gpg ygfi eneanmglgf pnrsnpsc pgmg snpnmg ehthr sphrt (Jhfmg,Sgegjg mgf Lgwgsglc) mc Lhtg Egtgrge8
7.;. ]uougf Rnfn`ctcgfAnrmgsgrlgf pnrueusgf egsg`gj, eglg tuougf mgrc pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj?
7. ^ftul enfintgjuc pnranmggf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt (Jhfmg,
Sgegjg mgf Lgwgsglc) mc Lhtg Egtgrge.1. ^ftul enfintgjuc gtrcaut prhmul ygfi eneanmglgf pnrsnpsc pgmg snpnmg ehthr
sphrt (Jhfmg, Sgegjg mgf Lgwgsglc) mc Lhtg Egtgrge.
CC. ]CFOG^GF R^[]GLG1.7. Rnfn`ctcgf ]nrmgju`u7. Monffy mgf ]gegrg (1224) mnfigf oumu` gfg`cscs pnrsnpsc lhfsuenf tnrjgmgp
snpnmg ehthr egtck Jhfmg Angt, Sgegjg Ech mgf [uzulc [pcf mnfigf
enfiiufglgf pnrknptug` egppcfi .
1. Dnarcgftc mgf [ntygwgf (1224) ygfi anroumu` gfg`cscs jgrgpgf mgf pnrsnpsclhfsuenf tnrjgmgp mcenfsc jhtn` acftgfi `ceg mc [urgagyg.
;. Qntfhwgtc (1272) ygfi anroumu` pnfigruj gtrcaut prhmul tnrjgmgp lnpugsgflhfsuenf mg`ge pnean`cgf snpnmg ehthr enrnl Sgegjg pgmg R]. Qhmgsgltc
[urygrgyg @heahl.
=. Lrcstcgfg mgf Ygjyumcf (1271) ygfi anroumu` pnfigruj gtrcaut prhmul tnrjgmgpecfgt an`c lhfsuenf ehac` enrnl Csuzu N@D stumc pgmg R]. Lgryg _crgfi ^tgeg
Csuzu [negrgfi.
>. Mnwc, mll (127;) anroumu` pnrsnpsc lhfsuenf tnrjgmgp anrgs hrigfcl mgfgfhrigfcl mc ]hlh [gtvclg Ahig [gfur Mnfpgsgr.
1.1. @gfmgsgf ]nhrntcs1.1.7. Rnrsnpsc
Enfurut Yg`icth (1221?43) ‐Rnrsnpsc enrupglgf sugtu prhsns ygfi mcmgju`uc
h`nj prhsns pnficfmnrggf ygctu enrupglgf prhsns mctnrcegfyg stceu`us h`nj cfmcvcmu
en`g`uc g`gt cfmnrg fgeuf prhsns ctu tcmgl anrjnftc anictu sgog en`gcflgf stceu`us
tnrsnaut mctnruslgf mgf prhsns sn`gfoutfyg enrupglgf prhsns pnrsnpsc―. [nmgfilgf
enfurut [kjcddegf mgf Lgful (1229), pnrsnpsc gmg`gj sugtu prhsns mcegfg snsnhrgfi
enec`cj, enfigtur mgf enficftnrprntgsclgf rgfisgfigf ygfi mctnrceg enfogmc sugtu
igeagrgf lngmggf mufcgfyg ygfi pnfuj grtc mgf sg`cfi tnrlgct. @nacj `gfout prhsns
mgsgr mg`ge pneanftulgf pnrsnpsc snsnhrgfi en`cputc?
7. Rnrknptug` [n`nktchf
1. Rnrknptug` Hrigfczgtchf
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
9/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= >
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
;. Rnrknptug` Cftnrprntgtchf
Gmgpuf prhsns pneanftulgf pnrsnpsc enfurut Yg`icth (1221?97) mcurgclgf
snagigc anrclut?
Haonl enfceau`lgf stceu`us mgf stceu`us enfinfgc g`gt cfmnrg gtgu rnsnpthr, pnr`u mclneulglgf gftgrg haonl mgf stceu`us ctu enfogmc sgtu ecsg`fyg mg`ge jg`
tnlgfgf. Anfmg snagigc haonl `gfisufi enfinfgc lu`ct snjcfiig glgf tnrgsg tnlgfgf
tnrsnaut. Rrhsns stceu`us enfinfgc g`gt cfmnrg mctrnuslgf h`nj sygrgd snfshrcs ln htgl
prhsns cfc mcsnaut snagigc prhsns psch`hics. Lneumcgf tnrogmc`gj prhsns mchtgl snagigc
pusgt lnsgmgrgf snjcfiig cfmcvcmu enfygmgrc gpg ygfi mc`cjgt mgf gpg ygfi mcmnfigr
gtgu gpg ygfi mcrgag. Rrhsns ygfi tnrogmc mchtgl gtgu mg`ge pusgt lnsgmgrgf cfc ygfi
mcsnaut prhsns psclh`hics. Mnfigf mneclcgf mgpgt mclneulglgf tnrgljcr mgrc prhsns
pnrsnpsc cg`gj cfmcvcmu enfygmgrc tnftgfi ecsg`fyg ? gpg ygfi mc`cjgt, gpg ygfi
mcmnfigr mgf gpg ygfi mcrgag ygctu stceu`us ygfi mctrceg h`nj g`gt cfmnrg, prhsns cfc
enrupglgf prhsns tnrgljcr mgrc pnrsnpsc mgpgt mcgeac` h`nj cfmcvcmu mg`ge anragigc
egkge anftul.Enfurut [ntcgmc (122;), dglthr ygfi enepnfigrujc pnrsnpsc gmg`gj pnfi`cjgtgf
mgf sgsgrgf ygfi mctnrceg mgf mcegfg sctugsc pnrsnpsc tnrogmc pnfi`cjgtgf.
]gfiigpgf ygfi tceau` gtgs rgfisgfigf glgf mcpnfigrujc scdgt-scdgt cfmcvcmu
ygfi en`cjgtfyg, scdgt ygfi mgpgt enepnfigrujc pnrsnpsc ygctu ?
7. [clgp1. Ehtcvgsc;. Ecfgt=. Rnfig`gegf egsg `g`u>. Jgrgpgf4. [gsgrgf
9. [ctugsc[nmgfilgf enfurut Yg`icth (1221? 92), dglthr-dglthr ygfi anrpnrgf mg`ge
pnrsnpsc mgpgt mclneulglgf gmgfyg ananrgpg dglthr, ygctu ?
7. Haonl ygfi mcpnrscgplgf1. G`gt cfmnrg, sygrgd, mgf pusgt susufgf sygrgd;. Rnrjgtcgf
1.1.1. Gtrcaut RrhmulEnfurut ]ocpthfh (122:) ygfi enfygtglgf agjwg gtrcaut prhmul gmg`gj ufsur-
ufsur prhmul ygfi mcpgfmgfi pnftcfi h`nj lhfsuenf mgf mcogmclgf mgsgr mg`ge
pnfigeac`gf lnputusgf pnean`cgf. Mcegfg gtrcaut prhmul en`cputc enrnl, lnegsgf,
ogecgfgf (igrgfsc), pn`gygfgf mgf snagigcfyg. [nmgfilgf gtrcaut prhmul ygfi
mclneulglgf h`nj Icthsumgreh (122:) gmg`gj scdgt-scdgt gtgu gspnl-gspnl ygfi mcec`clc
h`nj sugtu prhmul ygfi scdgt-scdgt tnrsnaut glgf enfogmc pnrtceagfigf lhfsuenf uftul
enfynfgfic gtgu snag`clfyg eneanfkc prhmul. Rnfinrtcgf `gcf tnftgfi gtrcaut prhmul
mgrc Icthsumgreh (122:) gmg`gj lhephfnf ygfi enrupglgf scdgt-scdgt prhmul ygfi
enfogecf gigr prhmul tnrsnaut enenfujc lnautujgf mgf lncficfgf ygfi mcjgrgplgf
h`nj pnean`c.
Enfurut Icthsumgreh (122:) gtrcaut prhmul mgpgt mcln`hephllgf enfogmc 1
egkge gftgrg `gcf ?
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
10/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 4
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
7. Gtrcaut tnlfcs, enrupglgf gspnl ygfi jgrus lctg auaujlgf mg`ge prhmul lctg uftulenenfujc lnautujgf lhfsuenf glgf dufisc tnlfcs mgf prhmul lctg. Jg` cfc tnrlgct
mnfigf lncficfgf lhfsuenf ygfi enficficflgf mcpnrh`njfyg egfdggt tnlfcs
(tnjfckg` anfndct), tnjfckg` vg`un, gtrcaut tnlfcs cfc anrupg ‐Mgyg Iufg―. 1. Gtrcaut nehschfg`, enrugpglgf gtrcaut uftul enfmulufi lnautujgf lhfsuenf glgf
egfdggt nehschfg`, fhf tnjfckg`, psclh`hics gtgupuf egfdggt shscg` enrnlg, gtrcaut
cfc anrupg ‐Mgyg Anmg― snrtg ‐Mgyg ]grcl― mgrc prhmul lctg.
Mg`ge gtrcaut prhmul tnrmgpgt gtrcaut prhmul ygfi enfufoullgf lgrgltnrcstcl
prhmul mgf pgmg ueuefyg glgf enfmgpgt pnrjgtcgf lhfsuenf mg`ge enec`cj sugtu
prhmul. Gtrcaut prhmul mcjgrgplgf mgpgt eneanrclgf cmnftctgs mgf mcdnrnfscgsc
tnrjgmgp prhmul pnsgcfi
1.1.;. [npnmg Ehthr [phrt Ehthr sphrt, onfcs ehthr ygfi enec`clc pnrdhreg mgf pnfinfmg`cgf ygfi `nacj.
Rhscsc enfineumc puf mcdhluslgf uftul enfogig tctcl irgvctgsc supgyg pnfinfmg`cgf`nacj tnrlnfmg`c. [phrtsacln ? Grtcfyg ehthr anrlgtnihrc sphrt. @nacj enfiutgeglgf
pnrdhreg lntceagfi lnfygegfgf. Kcrc kcrc ehthr sphrtacln ctu snfmcrc gftgrg `gcf<
enec`clc ohl an`glgfi anrtcfilgt tnrlgct mnfigf g`crgf umgrg gtgu gnrhmcfgeclg,
enfiiufglgf dgcrcfi (ouig tnrlgct gnrhmcfgeclg), mgf ygfi tnrgljcr suspnfsc
an`glgfifyg enfigfut scstne ehfhsjhkl uftul enfiurgfic anrgt thtg` ehthr. Mc
ln`gsfyg, [phrtsacln ctu snfmcrc mc agic mg`ge ananrgpg sua ln`gs, mcgftgrgfyg ?
7. @cijt [phrtsacln (71>kk-1>2kk) Yg`gupuf gmg ygfi anrlhfdciurgsc enscf nepgt tgl,fgeuf ueuefyg ehthr ygfi anregcf mc ln`gs `cijt sphrtsacln enfiiufglgf
lhfdciurgsc enscf mug tgl. Khfthj ehthr mc ln`gs cfc gmg`gj ? Gprc`g Q[ 71>/1>2, ,
Jhfmg KAQ 71>/7>2 Lgwgsglc _Z 7>2/1>2 Sgegjg S_71>Q.
1. [upnrsphrts (=22kk-9>2kk) Ln`gs cfc su`ct mcanmglgf mnfigf ln`gs supnracln, pnranmggfyg jgfyg`gj pgmg lgpgsctgs enscf mgf oue`gj sc`cfmnr. Ac`g enfiiufglgf
= sc`cfmnr lgpgsctgs eglsceuefyg gmg`gj 422 fgeuf ac`g enfiiufglgf 1 sc`cfmnr
lgpgsctgs eglsceue enscfyg gmg`gj 9>2kk. Khfthj ehthr mc ln`gs cfc gmg`gj ?
Jhfmg KAQ 422QQ, Lgwgsglc _Z 4Q, [uzulc I[Z-Q 422, Mukgtc [upnracln
9=:/:=:, ET Giustg D=, Sgegjg Q4.
;. [upnracln (:>2kk-7122kk) Cfc enrupglgf ehthr sphrt pg`cfi mc thp, lgrnfg enec`clclnknpgtgf tcfiic fgeuf tntgp egepu anregfudnr mnfigf agcl. Agjlgf mc ln`gs cfc
mcgmglgf lnougrggf mufcg mnfigf fgeg Y[AL. Khfthj ehthr mc ln`gs cfc gmg`gj ?
Gprc`cg Q[T-Ec``n, Acehtg MA>, Mukgtc [upnracln 333/723:, Lgwgsglc _Z 72,
Kgicvg Ecth, [uzulc I[Z-Q 7222, Jhfmg KAQ 7222 Dcrna`gmn, ET Giustg
]geaurcfc, Sgegjg S_D Q7.
=. Jypnrsphrts (7;22kk p`us) enrupglgf ehthr mnfigf rgfkgfigf ygfi tcmgl `gzce.Enslc enfmnlgtc rgfkgfigf sphrt thurcfi tntgpc ehthr cfc enec`clc pnrdhreg
`gyglfyg ehthr [upnracln. Jgfyg gmg mug ehthr ygfi tntgp nxcs mc ln`gs cfc ygctu
[uzulc Jgygausg L1 mgf Lgwgsglc _Z 7=.
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
11/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 9
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
CCC. LNQGFILG LHF[NR]^G@Anrmgsgrlgf pnfmgpgt ygfi mclneulglgf h`nj Lht`nr (122;) ygfi eneanrclgf
mndcfcsc gtrcaut prhmul snagigc ufsur-ufsur ygfi en`nlgt pgmg snaugj prhmul anrwuoum
egupuf prhmul tcmgl anrwuoum. Eglg pnfn`ctc enfiiufglgf mug gtrcaut prhmul, ygctugtrcaut anrwuoum mgf gtrcaut tcmgl anrwuoum. Mgrc lnmug gtrcaut prhmul cfc mgpgt mc`cjgt
pnranmggf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt (Jhfmg, Sgegjg mgf Lgwgsglc)
mc Lhtg Egtgrge.
Igeagr 7.
Lnrgfilg Lhfsnptug`
CT. JCRH]N[C[Jcphtnscs enrupglgf ogwgagf snenftgrg gtgs pnregsg`gjgf ygfi enenr`ulgf
pnfiuocgf `nacj `gfout iufg enfigrgjlgf pnfn`ctc mg`ge rgfilg en`glulgf pnfn`ctcgf.
Anrmgsgrlgf pnfn`ctcgf tnrmgju`u mgf `gfmgsgf tnhrc ygfi mciufglgf mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf
cfc, eglg mgpgt mcrueuslgf jcphtnscs snagigc anrclut?
7. Mcmuig gmg pnranmggf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt (Jhfmg, Sgegjgmgf Lgwgsglc) mc Lhtg Egtgrge.
1. Mcmuig gtrcaut prhmul ygfi eneanmglgf pnrsnpsc pgmg snpnmg ehthr sphrt (Jhfmg,Sgegjg mgf Lgwgsglc) mc Lhtg Egtgrge gmg`gj gtrcaut anrwuoum.
T. EN]HMN RNFN@C]CGF >.7. Onfcs Rnfn`ctcgf
Onfcs pnfn`ctcgf ygfi mciufglgf pgmg pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj pnfn`ctcgf lhepgrgtcd.
Rnfn`ctcgf lhepgrgtcd gmg`gj pnfn`ctcgf ygfi anrscdgt eneagfmcfilgf. Rnfn`ctcgf cfc
mc`glulgf uftul eneagfmcfilgf pnrsgeggf mgf pnranmggf mug gtgu `nacj dgltg-dgltgmgf scdgt-scdgt haonl ygfi mc tn`ctc anrmgsgrlgf lnrgfilg pneclcrgf tnrtnftu.
>.1. Rhpu`gsc mgf [gepn` Rnfn`ctcgfRhpu`gsc gmg`gj lnsn`urujgf cfmcvcmu gtgu sgtugf-sgtugf tnrtnftu snagigc
gfiihtg gtgu jcepufgf mg`ge sugtu ln`gs/ih`hfigf tnrtnftu (wcmhmh? 1223). Rhpu`gsc
ygfi mciufglgf mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj pnfiiufg snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg
Egtgrge uftul tcig enrnl (Jhfmg, Sgegjg mgf Lgwgsglc).
[gepn` gmg`gj snagicgf gtgu wglc` phpu`gsc ygfi mctn`ctc, oclg pnfn`ctc jgfyg
cficf enfn`ctc snagicgf mgrc phpu`gsc eglg pnfn`tcgffyg gmg`gj pnfn`ctcgf sgepn`
(Grclufth? 1221). Mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc sgepn` ygfi mciufglgf snagfygl 72> rnsphfmnf
Gtrcaut Rrhmul[npnmg
Ehthr [phrt Sgegjg
Gtrcaut Rrhmul
[npnmg Ehthr [phrt
Lgwgsglc
Gtrcaut Rrhmul
[npnmg Ehthr
[phrt Jhfmg
Rnragfmcfigf
Rnrsnpsc
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
12/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= :
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
egscfi-egscfi ;> rnsphfmnf uftul sntcgp enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt . Rnfn`ctc
enfnftulgf sgepn` cfc snsugc mnfigf pnfmgpgt Qhskhn (739>) ygfi mclutcp [nlgrgf
(1224) ygfi eneanrclgf gkugf ueue uftul enfnftulgf ulurgf sgepn` gftgrg `gcf?
7. ^lurgf sgepn` `nacj mgrc ;2 mgf lurgfi mgrc >22 gmg`gj tnpgt uftul lnagfyglgf pnfn`ctcgf.
1. Oclg sgepn` mcpnkgj ln mg`ge sua sgepn` (prcg/wgfctg, oufchr/snfchr mgfsnagigcfyg) ulurgf sgepn` ecfceue ;2 uftul sntcgp lgtnihrc gmg`gj tnpgt.
;. Mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf eu`tcvgrcgtn (tnregsul gfg`cscs rnirnsc anrigfmg), ulurgf sgepn`snagclfyg 72 lg`c `nacj ansgr mgrc oue`gj vgrcgan` mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf.
=. ^ftul pnfn`ctcgf nlspnrcenftg` snmnrjgfg mnfigf khftrh` nlspnrcenf ygfi lntgt, pnfn`ctcgf ygfi sulsns gmg`gj eufilcf mnfigf ulurgf sgepn` lnkc` gftgrg 72
sgegpgc mnfigf 12.
]nfcl sgepn` ygfi mciufglgf gmg`gj purphscvn sgep`cfi. Rurphscvn sgep`cfi
ygctu enec`cj gfiihtg sgepn` ygfi mcsnsugclgf mnfigf lrctnrcg tnrtnftu. Gmgpuf
lrctnrcg rnsphfmnf ygfi glgf mciufglgf gmg`gj pnfiiufg ehthr sphrt ygfi anrmhecsc`cmc Lhtg Egtgrge, snpnmg ehthr sphrt ygfi mciufglgf h`nj rnsphfmnf
(Jhfmg/Sgegjg/Lgwgsglc). Lrctnrcg cfc mciufglgf lgrnfg en`cjgt mgrc gfilg pnfoug`gf
snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge. Mcegfg anrmgsgrlgf mgtg pgmg tgan` 7.=, ygfi
anrgmg pgmg phscsc tcig ansgr uftul pnfoug`gf snpnmg ehthr sphrt gmg`gj Jhfmg,
Lgwgsglc mgf Sgegjg. [nenftgrg [uzulc mgrc au`gf Ogfugrc sgepgc Ou`c jgfyg mgpgt
enfoug` snpnmg ehthr sphrt snagfygl nfge ufct. Lngmggf cfc puf mcmulufi mnfigf
pnfigegtgf ygfi pnfn`ctc `glulgf mc og`gf Egogpgjct agjwg pnfiiufg ehthr sphrt
mcmhecfgsc h`nj tcig enrnl snpnmg ehthr ygctu Jhfmg, Lgwgsglc mgf Sgegjg.
>.;. Onfcs mgf [ueanr Mgtg
Onfcs mgtg ygfi mciufglgf mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj snagigc anrclut?7. Mgtg lugftctgtcd, ygctu mgtg ygfi mcpnr`ulgf mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf ygfi anrupg gfilg-
gfilg ygfi mgpgt mculur ansgrfyg mgf mgpgt mcjctufi snkgrg pgstc.
1. Mgtg lug`ctgtcd, ygctu mgtg ygfi tcmgl mcfygtglgf mg`ge gfilg en`gcflgf mcfygtglgfmnfigf lgtnihrc, ih`hfigf, scdgt mgrc mgtg tnrsnaut.
Mgtg mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc mgsgrfyg anrupg mgtg lug`ctgtcd ygfi mcruagj enfogmc
lugftctgtcd, ygctu anrupg slhr ygfi mcpnrh`nj mgrc tcgp ogwgagf mg`ge lucschfnr ygfi
mcsnagrlgf lnpgmg rnsphfmnf.
[ueanr mgtg ygfi mciufglgf mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj?
7. Mgtg prcenr gmg`gj mgtg ygfi mcluepu`lgf `gfisufi h`nj pnfn`ctc mgrc rnsphfmnf.Mgtg prcenr cfc mgpgt anranftul cfdhregsc ygfi tnrtugfi mg`ge gfilnt pnfn`ctcgf,
ygctu lucschfnr.
1. Mgtg snlufmnr gmg`gj mgtg ygfi mcpnrh`nj mgrc sueanr `gcf (cfstgfsc tnrlgct) ygfi anrdufisc snagigc mgtg pnfufogfi.
>.=. ]nljfcl mgf G`gt Rnfiuepu`gf Mgtg]nlfcl ygfi mciufglgf mg`ge enfiuepu`lgf mgtg mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj
snagigc anrclut?
7. Ygwgfkgrg enrupglgf sugtu tnlfcl pnfiuepu`gf mgtg mnfigf og`gf enfigmglgflheufclgsc mnfigf sueanr mgtg. Lheufclgsc tnrsnaut mc`glulgf mnfigf mcg`hi
(tgfyg ogwga) snkgrg `csgf, agcl `gfisufi egupuf tcmgl `gfisufi.
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
13/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 3
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
1. Mhluenftgsc, ygctu pnfiuepu`gf mgtg anrupg kgtgtgf gtgu mgtg-mgtg ygfi tnrsnmcg mccfstgfsc-cfstgfsc tnrlgct.
;. Hasnrvgsc gmg`gj pnfigegtgf `gfisufi pgrg pneaugt lnputusgf anrclut `cfilufigf
dcsclfyg mgf gtgu pnfigegtgf `gfisufi sugtu lnicgtgf ygfi snmgfi anrog`gf. G`gt pnfiuepu`gf mgtg ygfi mciufglgf mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj lucschfnr.
Lucschfnr gmg`gj mgdtgr pnrtgfyggf ygfi mcanrclgf lnpgmg rnsphfmnf uftul enfiig`c
mgtg snsugc mnfigf pnregsg`gjgf pnfn`ctcgf.
>.>. Cmnftcdclgsc Tgrcgan`Gtrcaut prhmul, enrupglgf vgrcgan` cfmnpnfmnf (anags) mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf stumc
lhepgrgsc pnrsnpsc lhfsuenf snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge mnfigf
enfiiufglgf mug gtrcaut prhmul ygctu?
7. Gtrcaut Anrwuoum (Z7)1. Gtrcaut ]cmgl Anrwuoum (Z1)
TC. JG[C@ RNFN@C]CGF MGF RNEAGJG[GF4.7. Rnranmggf Rnrsnpsc Lhfsuenf [npnmg Ehthr [phrt
Anrclut gmg`gj lgtnihrc pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul lntcig enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt
mc Lhtg Egtgrge anrmgsgrlgf pgmg pnfnftugf lgtnihrc.
]gan` 7.
Lgtnihrc Rnrsnpsc Gtrcaut Rrhmul [npnmg Ehthr [phrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge
Fh. [ua Tgrcgan`Qgtg-rgtg [lhr ]gfiigpgf Qnsphfmnf
Jhfmg Lgwgsglc Sgegjg
7. Gtrcaut AnrwuoumMnsgcf
Ygrfg MnsgcfKcrc Ljgs
;,37
;,=2;,:;
=,=2
=,7==,;9
=,77
;,43=,22
1. Gtrcaut ]cmgl Anrwuoum@geg IgrgfscLnufiiu`gf EnrnlJgrig LhepntctcdJgrig snsugc Lug`ctgsLug`ctgsLheufctgs RnfiiufggfRnfijgsc`gfRnecepcf RrhmulLnufiiu`gf RrhmulRrhmul ygfi Mcinegrc
LnfygegfgfLnsnsugcgf DufiscRnfig`gegf Egsg @g`u
;,>7=,2;;,99;,:3=,791,:4;,14;,2;;,97;,9=
=,2;;,97;,12
;,>9=,79;,43;,:;=,771,:4;,=3;,77;,44=,79
=,77;,:2;,=2
;,;7=,1;;,99=,77=,1;;,:2;,>7;,:3;,9==,79
=,1;;,4;;,22
]htg` >:,2; 42,:: 47,=1
Qgtg-rgtg ;,4; ;,:7 ;,:=
Lgtnihrc Agcl Agcl Agcl
]gan` mcgtgs enfufoullgf agjwg uftul lntcig enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc
Lhtg Egtgrge anrgmg pgmg lgtnihrc pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul ygfi agcl. Cfc mc`cjgt mgrc
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
14/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 72
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
slhr rgtg-rgtg gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge, ygctu enec`clc fc`gc
anrlcsgr gftgrgf ;,=7 ‛ =,12. Oclg mc`cjgt mgrc slhr rgtg-rgtg, eglg ygfi ene`clc gtrcaut
prhmul ygfi pg`cfi agcl uftul tcig enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt cfc gmg`gj Sgegjg,
Lgwgsglc pgmg urutgf ygfi lnmug mgf ygfi tnrgljcr gmg`gj Jhfmg.^ftul enfiuoc jcphtnscs pnrtgeg, gmg gtgu tcmgl pnranmggf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut
prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg egtgrge enfiiufglgf uoc Lruslg` Yg``cs. ^oc
Lruslg` Yg``cs enrupglgf sg`gj sgtu uoc stgtcstcl fhf pgegrgentrcl, mnfigf
enfigagclgf ananrgpg gsuesc sg`gj sgtuffyg gmg`gj gsuesc anrmcstrcausc fhreg`.
^oc stgtcstcl fhf pgrgentrcl Lruslg` Yg``cs pnfn`ctc iufglgf snagigc g`gt
gfg`cscs. ^ftul en`cjgt gmg pnranmggf gtgu tcmgl tnrjgmgp pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul
snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge pgmg tcig enrnl (Jhfmg, Lgwgsglc mgf Sgegjg)
mnfigf enfiiufglgf prhirge [R[[ Ycfmhws 74 . Anrclut gmg`gj jgsc` mgrc uoc Lruslg`
Yg``cs pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge
4.1. ^oc Lruslg` Yg``cs Rgmg Egscfi-egscfi Rnrsnpsc Gtrcaut Rrhmul [npnmgEhthr [phrt
]gan` 1.
Jgsc` ^oc Lruslg` Yg``cs Rnrsnpsc Gtrcaut Rrhmul [npnmg Ehthr [phrt
Z7 Z1
Kjc-[qugrn
md
Gsyep.[ci
7=,2>2
1
2.227
;,32;
1
2,7=1
]gan` mcgtgs enfufoullgf agjwg uoc Lruslg` Yg``cs pnrsnpsc gtrcaut snpnmg
ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge uftul tcig onfcs enrnl tnrmgpgt pnranmggf. Jg` cfcmcmgsgrlgf pgmg jgsc` Gsyep.[ci ygfi `nacj lnkc` mgrc gfilg `nvn` scifcdclgffyg ygctu
2,2;4 0 2,2>.
^ftul enfogwga jcphtnscs lnmug, pnfn`ctc enfiiufglgf uoc Lruslg` Yg``cs
mnfigf enfiiufglgf gtrcaut prhmul ygfi pnfn`ctc iufglgf pgmg pnfn`ctcgf cfc. ^oc
jcphtnscs lnmug cfc mc`glulgf uftul enfiintgjuc gtrcaut prhmul ygfi enanmglgf
pnrsnpsc pgmg snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge uftul tcig enrnl snpnmg ehthr
sphrt. Gmgpuf anrclut gmg`gj jgsc` mgrc uoc Lruslg` Yg``cs pgmg egscfi-egscfi pnrsnpsc
gtrcaut prhmul
4.;. Rneagjgsgf
Anrmgsgrlgf jgsc` uoc vg`cmctgs mcmgpgtlgf jgsc` agjwg gmg tcig ctne pnrtgfyggfygfi mcfygtglgf tcmgl vg`cm mgf tcmgl mgpgt mciufglgf uftul pnfn`ctcgf sn`gfoutfyg
ygctu pnrtgfyggf pgmg cfmclgthr jgrig tnrogfilgu, lnprcagmcgf pnfiiufg mgf
lneumgjgf mg`ge pnfiiufggf. Jg` cfc mclgrnfglgf fc`gc r jctufi `nacj lnkc` mgrc 2,;2.
[nmgfilgf uftul uoc rn`cga`ctgs nfge an`gs pnrtgfyggf mg`ge lucschfnr mcfygtglgf
rn`cgan`, lgrnfg fc`gc Krhfagkj G`pjg `nacj ansgr mgrc 2,42. ^oc fhreg`ctgs mg`ge
pnfn`ctcgf cfc enfufoullgf agjwg mgtg ygfi pnfn`ctc pnrh`nj tcmgl anrmcstrcausc fhreg`,
lgrnfg fc`gc sci. pgmg [jgpcrh-Yc`l `nacj lnkc` mgrc 2,2>. [njcfiig uftul pnfiuocgf
anmg pnfn`ctc enfiiufglgf uoc stgtcstcl fhf pgrgentrcl ygctu Lruslg` Yg``cs.
Rgmg pnranmggf lgtnihrc pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul enfufoullgf agjwg Sgegjg
enec`clc pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul ygfi pg`cfi agcl mcagfmcfilgf mnfigf pnsgcfifyg,
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
15/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 77
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
ygctu Jhfmg mgf Lgwgsglc. Cfc mgpgt mc`cjgt mgrc rgtg-rgtg tgfiigpgf rnsphfmnf ygfi
enfufoullgf agjwg slhr mgrc snpnmg ehthr sphrt Sgegjg enec`clc slhr ygfi pg`cfi
tcfiic ygctu snansgr ;,:=. Rnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul pgmg snpnmg ehthr sphrt Sgegjg cfc
mgpgt mc`cjgt mgrc slhr fc`gc ygfi tcfiic pgmg cfmclgthr lnufiiu`gf enrnl, jgriglhepntctcd, jgrig snsugc lug`ctgs, lug`ctgs, lheufctgs pnfiiufg, pnfijgsc`gf, pnecepcf
prhmul, prhmul ygfi mcinegrc mgf lnfygegfgf. ^ftul snpnmg ehthr sphrt Lgwgsglc
enec`clc slhr ygfi tcfiic pgmg cfmclgthr mnsgcf, wgrfg mnsgcf, kcrc ljgs, prhmul ygfi
mcinegrc, lnsnsugcf dufisc mgf pnfig`gegf egsg `g`u. [nmgfilgf uftul snpnmg ehthr
sphrt Jhfmg jgfyg enec`clc slhr ygfi tcfiic pgmg cfmclgthr jgrig lhepntctcd sgog.
Rg`cfi rnfmgjfyg fc`gc slhr rgtg-rgtg pnrsnpsc snpnmg ehthr sphrt Jhfmg ouig mcmulufi
mnfigf mgtg pnfoug`gf pgmg au`gf Ogfugrc sgepgc Ou`c 127; ygfi enfufoullgf snpnmg
ehthr sphrt Jhfmg anrgmg pgmg phscsc tnrgljcr mgrc lntcig enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt
ygfi mctn`ctc pgmg pnfn`ctcgf cfc.
Anrmgsgrlgf jgsc` uoc Lruslg` Yg``cs enfinfgc pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg
ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge, agjwg tnrmgpgt pnranmggf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul pgmglntcig enrnl ehthr ygfi mctn`ctc ygctu Jhfmg, Lgwgsglc mgf Sgegjg. Gmgpuf gtrcaut
prhmul ygfi eneanmglgf pnrsnpsc lntcig enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt cfc gmg`gj Z7
(gtrcaut anrwuoum). [nmgfilgf Z1 (gtrcaut tcmgl anrwuoum) mgpgt mclgtglgf enec`lc
lnecrcpgf gtgu knfmnrufi sgeg snsugc mnfigf tgfiigpgf ygfi mcanrclgf h`nj egscfi-
egscfi rnsphfmnf pgmg pnfn`ctcgf cfc.
Gtrcaut prhmul (Z7) enepufygc tcig cfmclgthr ygfi eneanftul gmgfyg
pnranmggf mcgftgrg lntcig enrnl ehthr tnrsnaut gftgrg `gcf ? pnranmggf pgmg cfmclgthr
mnsgcf, anrmgsgrlgf rgtg-rgtg slhr mgrc tgfiigpgf rnsphfmnf agjwg snpnmg ehthr sphrt
Lgwgsglc enec`clc rgtg-rgtg slhr tnrtcfiic ygctu snansgr =,=2. Mcegfg Lgwgsglc
enec`clc mnsgcf ygfi enfgrcl, lgrnfg enfurut rnsphfmnf mnsgcf snpnmg ehthr sphrt
Lgwgsglc sumgj enficlutc pnrlneagfigf ogegf, snjcfiig enfgrcl egsygrglgt uftulenfiiufglgffyg. Cfmclgthr lngfnlgrgigegf mnsgcf wgrfg snpnmg ehthr sphrt,
anrmgsgrlgf rgtg-rgtg slhr mgrc tgfiigpgf rnsphfmnf agjwg snpnmg ehthr sphrt
Lgwgsglc enec`clc rgtg-rgtg slhr tnrtcfiic ygctu snansgr =,7=. Lgrnfg enfurut
rnsphfmnf snpnmg Ehthr sphrt Lgwgsglc enec`lc mnsgcf ygfi anrgige mc`cjgt mgrc
wgrfg-wgrfg ygfi fgturg` mgf enfkh`hl. Cfmclgthr kcrc ljgs, anrmgsgrlgf rgtg-rgtg slhr
mgrc tgfiigpgf rnsphfmnf agjwg snpnmg ehthr sphrt Lgwgsglc enec`clc rgtg-rgtg slhr
tnrtcfiic ygctu snansgr =,;9, lgrnfg kcrc ljgs ygfi mcec`clc snpnmg ehthr sphrt Lgwgsglc
tnr`ntgl pgmg mnsgcf wgrfg ygfi mcec`clc enfkh`hl, shl anlnr ygfi tcfiic mgf agf ygfi
mcmnsgcf uftul snig`g enmgf. Mgrc lntcig cfmclgthr tnrsnaut, mgpgt mcscepu`lgf agjwg
uftul Z7 snpnmg ehthr sphrt Lgwgsglc enec`clc pnranmggf mnfigf lnmug enrnl
snpnmg ehthr sphrt `gcffyg. Mnfigf lgtg `gcf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut anrwuoum snpnmg ehthr
sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge mcec`clc h`nj Lgwgsglc ygfi mgpgt eneanmglgf mnfigf snpnmg
ehthr sphrt Jhfmg mgf Sgegjg.
Mgrc jgsc` pnragfmcfigf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg
Egtgrge pgmg lntcig enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt, mgpgt mclgtglgf agjwg enrnl snpnmg
ehthr sphrt Lgwgsglc `nacj ufiiu` mcagfmcfilgf mug enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt
`gcffyg, ygctu pgmg cfmclgthr-cfmclgthr mgrc gtrcaut anrwuoum. Fgeuf, pgmg jgsc` rgtg-
rgtg tgfiigpgf rnsphfmnf tnrjgmgp pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg
Egtgrge ygfi enec`clc fc`gc pg`cfi tcfiic gmg`gj Sgegjg. Ogmc mgpgt mclgtglgf agjwg
mgrc pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul pgmg pnfn`ctcgf cfc, rnsphfmnf pgmg enrnl Lgwgsglc pgmg
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
16/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 71
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
sggt enfiigeac` lnputusgf uftul enean`c enepnrtceagfilgf cfmclgthr-cfmclgthr
ygfi tnrmgpgt pgmg gtrcaut anrwuoum. [nmgfilgf uftul Jhfmg mgf Sgegjg rnsphfmnf
mg`ge enfiigeac` lnputusgf uftul enean`c `nacj en`cjgt mgrc cfmclgthr-cfmclgthr
ygfi tnrmgpgt pgmg gtrcaut tcmgl anrwuoum.Anrmgsgrlgf jgsc` mgf cftnrprntgsc mcgtgs, eglg jcphtnscs pnrtgeg ygfi pnfn`ctc
rueuslgf pgmg pnfn`ctcgf cfc mctnrceg, ygctu agjwg tnrmgpgt pnranmggf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut
prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge. Jcphtnscs lnmug ygfi mcrueuslgf
mctnrceg ygctu gtrcaut prhmul ygfi eneanmglgf lntcig enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc
Lhtg Egtgrge gmg`gj Z7 ygctu gtrcaut anrwuoum. [nmgfilgf uftul gtrcaut tcmgl
anrwuoum knfmnrufi enec`clc lnsgeggf pnrsnpsc.
TCC. LN[CER^@GF MGF [GQGF 9.7. Lnscepu`gf
Lnscepu`gf mgrc jgsc` pnfn`ctcgf tnftgfi pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr
sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge gmg`gj snagigc anrclut ?7. Gmg pnranmggf pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt Jhfmg, Lgwgsglc mgf
Sgegjg.
1. Gtrcaut prhmul ygfi eneanmglgf pnrsnpsc lntcig onfcs enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt pgmg pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj Z7 (gtrcaut anrwuoum). [nmgfilgf Z1 (gtrcaut tcmgl
anrwuoum) enec`clc lnecrcpgf gtgu knfmnrufi sgeg. Mgrc lntcig enrnl snpnmg
ehthr sphrt mc Lhtg Egtgrge, snpnmg ehthr sphrt ygfi enec`clc pnrsnpsc gtrcaut
prhmul ygfi pg`cfi agcl gmg`gj snpnmg ehthr sphrt Sgegjg..
9.1. [grgf[nsugc lnscepu`gf mgf jgsc` pnfn`ctcgf, eglg mgpgt mcanrclgf sgrgf snagigc
anrclut ?7. Anrmgsglgf jgsc` ygfi mcpnrh`nj tnrjgmgp gtrcaut prhmul, eglg mgpgt mclntgjuc
agjwg snpnmg ehthr sphrt Jhfmg enec`clc slhr rgtg-rgtg pnrsnpsc gtrcaut prhmul
ygfi pg`cfi rnfmgj mcagfmcfilgf enrnl snpnmg ehthr sphrt `gcffyg. Eglg uftul
enfijgmgpc pnrsgcfigf cfc, Jhfmg mgpgt enfcfilgtlgf cfhvgscfyg pgmg gtrcaut
anrwuoum egupuf gtrcaut tcmgl anrwuoum, ygctu mnfigf enepnrtceagfilgf
lnufiiu`gf-lnufiiu`gf ygfi mcec`clc h`nj pnsgcfifyg.
1. Sgegjg snagigc pnecepcf prhmul jgrus enfkcptglgf mgf enfcfilgtlgf cfhvgsc-cfhvgscfyg pgmg gtrcaut anrwuoum. Lgrnfg enfurut pnrsnpsc tnrjgmgp gtrcaut prhmul
Sgegjg tcmgl enec`clc pnranmggf pgmg gtrcaut anrwuoum, pgmgjg` oclg mc`cjgt mgrc
mgtg pnfoug`gffyg Sgegjg enrupglgf pnecepcf prhmul snpnmg ehthr sphrt mc
Lhtg Egtgrge.
;. Enficfigt gmgfyg lntnragtgsgf-lntnragtgsgf ygfi mctneulgf gigr mgpgt mcogmclgfsueanr cmn mgf egsulgf agic pnfineagfigf pnfn`ctcgf mc egsg ygfi glgf mgtgfi,
ygctu mnfigf enfgeagj rnsphfmnf pgmg pnfn`ctcgf snjcfiig mgpgt enfijcfmgrc mgtg
ygfi tcmgl fhreg`.
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
17/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 7;
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
MGD]GQ R^[]GLG
Gfhfce. 1271. Egtgrge Mg`ge Gfilg 1271. AR[ Lhtg Egtgrge.Grclufth, [ujgrscec. 1221. Rrhsnmur Rnfn`ctcgf [ugtu Rnfmnlgtgf Rrgltnl. R] Qcfnlg
Kcptg, Oglgrtg.
Aceh Yg`icth. 1221. Rnfigftgr Rsclh`hic ^eue.Shiyglgrtg, Gfmc Hddsnt.
Mnwc, mll. 127;. Rnrsnpsc Lhfsuenf tnrjgmgp Anrgs Hrigfcl mgf Gfhrigfcl mc ]hlh
[gtvclg Ahig [gfur Mnfpgsgr .
Monffy mgf ]gegrg. 1224. Gfg`cscs Rnrsnpsc Lhfsuenf tnrjgmgp [npnmg Ehthr Egtck
Jhfmg Angt, Sgegjg Ech mgf [uzulc [pcf mnfigf Enfiiufglgf Rnrknptug`
Egppcfi.
Dnarcgftc mgf [ntygwgf. 1224. Gfg`cscs Jgrgpgf mgf Rnrsnpsc Lhfsuenf tnrjgmgp Mcenfsc Jhtn` Acftgfi @ceg mc [urgagyg.
Icthsumgreh, Cfmrcyh. 122:. Egfgonenf Rnegsgrgf, Nmcsc Lnmug. ARDN, Shiyglgrtg.
Lrcstcgfg mgf Ygjyumcf. 1271. Rnfigruj Gtrcaut Rrhmul tnrjgmgp Ecfgt an`c
Lhfsuenf Ehac` Enrnl Csuzu N@D [tumc Rgmg R]. Lgryg _crgfi ^tgeg Csuzu
[negrgfi.
Lht`nr, Rjc`cp. 1221. Egfgonenf Rnegsgrg, Oc`cm CC. Gfmc, Shioglgrtg.
Lht`nr, Rjc`cp. 122;. Egfgonenf Rnegsgrgf, Nmcsc Lnsnan`gs. Cfmnls ln`hephl
Irgenmcg, Oglgrtg.
Qntfhwgtc, Ynfc. 1272. Rnfigruj Gtrcaut Rrhmul tnrjgmgp Lnputusgf Lhfsuenf
mg`ge Rnean`cgf [npnmg Ehthr Enrnl Sgegjg pgmg R]. Qhmgsgltc [urygrgyg
@heahl. Rrhirge [tumc Egicstnr Egfgonenf. Rrhirge Rgskgsgrogfg
^fcvnrsctgs Egtgrge, Egtgrge.
[gfthsh, [cfiicj mgf Dgfmc ]ocpthfh. 1227. Qcsnt Rnegsgrgf Lhfsnp mgf Gp`clgsc
Mnfigf [R[[. R]. N`nx Enmcg Lheputcfmh, Oglgrtg.
[kjcddegf mgf Lgful. 1229. Rnrc`glu Lhfsuenf, Nmcsc Lnmug. R]. Cfmnls. Irgenmcg,
Oglgrtg.
[ntcgmc, Fuirhjh O. 122;. Rnrc`glu Lhfsuenf? Lhfsnp mgf Cep`clgsc uftul [trgtnic mgf
Rnfn`ctcgf Rnegsgrgf, Kntglgf Lnmug. Rrnfgtg Enmcg, Oglgrtg.
[uicyhfh. 1224. Enthmn Rnfn`ctcgf Acsfcs. G`dgantg, Agfmufi.
[uicyhfh. 1229. Enthmn Rnfn`ctcgf Acsfcs. G`dgantg, Agfmufi.
[ujgrygmc, Rurwggfth [.L. 122;. [tgtcstcl ^ftul Nlhfhec mgf Lnugfigf Eglrh Oc`cm C.
[g`neag Nepgt.
]ocpthfh. 122:. [trgtnic Acsfcs Rnegsgrgf. Gfmc, Shiyglgrtg.
[nlgrgf, ^eg. 1224. Enthmn Rnfn`ctcgf Acsfcs. [g`neag Nepgt, Oglgrtg.
Ycmhmh. 1223. Enthmn Rnfn`ctcgf Lugftctgtcd. @RR ^F[ mgf ^F[ Rrnss, [urglgrtg.
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
18/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 7=
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
RNFIGQ^J EH]CTG[C MGF MC[CR@CF
]NQJGMGR LCFNQOG I^Q^ [MF 4 [C@G LGA^RG]NF ACEG F]A
]GJ^F 127=
H`nj ?
Ygjyu Jgrygmc
GA[]QGL
Rnfn`ctcgf ygfi anrtuougf uftul eneaultclgf gpglgj ehtcvgsc mgf mcscp`cf tnrsnaut
anfgr-anfgr enepufygc pnfigruj tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru cfc mc`glulgf mnfigf
en`cagtlgf sn`uruj iuru [MF 4 [c`g Lgaupgtnf Aceg F]A, snagfygl ;1 hrgfi. ]nlfcl
gfg`cscs ygfi mciufglgf mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj mnfigf enthmn Gfg`cscs Qnirnsc
@cfcnr Anrigfmg. Mgtg mcluepu`lgf mnfigf gfilnt, ygfi tnr`nacj mgju`u mcuoc vg`cmctgsmgf rn`cgac`ctgsfyg. Jgsc` gfg`cscs snkgrg lnsn`urujgf enfufoulgf, snkgrg snrnftgl
ehtcvgsc mgf mcscp`cf enepufygc pnfigruj ygfi lugt mgf scifcdclgf (Q1 5 2,439
mnfigf tgrgd scifcdclgfsc 2,222). [nkgrg pgrscg` (cfmcvcmug`) ehtcvgsc mgf mcscp`cf
enepufygc pnfigruj ygfi scifcdclgf, lgrnfg jgsc` mgrc uoc t mcpnrh`nj tgrgd
scifcdclgfsc 0 2,2>. Dglthr mcscp`cf enrupglgf vgrcgan` ygfi pg`cfi lugt (mhecfgf)
pnfigrujfyg tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru. Jgsc` cfc eneanrc grtc agjwg ehtcvgsc mgf mcscp`cf
enfogmc sg`gj sgtu dglthr gtgu agicgf pnftcfi mg`ge enfmulufi tnrkcptgfyg lcfnrog
iuru ygfi agcl tnrutgeg mc [MF 4 [c`g Aceg.Anrmgsgrlgf tneugf ctu mcsgrgflgf
lnpgmg pcepcfgf [MF 4 [c`g Aceg uftul tnrus enfcfilgtlgf dglthr-dglthr pneagfiuf
ehtcvgsc lnrog mgf lnmcscp`cfgf.
Lgtg Lufkc? E htcvgsc, Mcscp`c f Mgf Lcfnro g
C. RNFMGJ^@^GF7.7. @gtgr An`glgfi
^fmgfi-ufmgfi Fhehr 12 ]gjuf 122; tnftgfi [cstne Rnfmcmclgf Fgschfg`
enfynautlgf agjwg pnfmcmclgf fgschfg` anrtuougf uftul enfineagfilgf lnegepugf
mgf eneanftul wgtgl snrtg pnrgmgpgf agfisg, ygfi anregrtgagt mg`ge rgfilg
enfknrmgslgf lnjcmupgf agfisg, anrtuougf uftul anrlneagfifyg phtnfsc pnsnrtg mcmcl
gigr enfogmc egfuscg ygfi anrcegf mgf anrtgqwg lnpgmg ]ujgf Sgfi Egjg Nsg,
anrglj`gl eu`cg, snjgt, anrc`eu, kglgp, lrngtcd, egfmcrc mgf enfogmc wgrig Fnigrg ygfi
mnehlrgtcs snrtg anrtgfiiufi ogwga.
[ugtu usgjg enfycgplgf sueanr mgyg egfuscg ygfi anrlug`ctgs snpnrtc ygfi
tnrlgfmufi mg`ge tuougf pnfmcmclgf fgschfg` mcgtgs, eglg lug`ctgs pnfmcmclgf mc
Cfmhfnscg jgrus sn`g`u mctcfilgtlgf. Rnfcfilgtgf lug`ctgs pnfmcmclgf tnftufyg jgrus
mcmulufi mnfigf gmgfyg pnfcfilgtgf lug`ctgs tnfgig lnpnfmcmclgffyg. Gmgpuf ygfi
mceglsum mnfigf tnfgig lnpnfmcmclgf enrupglgf sugtu lhephfnf ygfi pnftcfi mg`ge
pnfyn`nfiigrggf pnfmcmclgf, ygfi anrtuigs enfyn`nfiigrglgf lnicgtgf enfigogr,
en`gtcj, enfn`ctc, enfineagfilgf, enfin`h`g mgf eneanrclgf pn`gygfgf tnlfcs mg`ge
acmgfi lnpnfmcmclgf (Jgeg`cl 122;? 3).
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
19/102
Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 7>
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
^ftul enfihptceg`lgf lnrog iuru, eglg jnfmglfyg mg`ge mcrc iuru gmg
snegfigt lnrog ygfi mcpnrh`nj sn`geg cfc, snjcfiig glgf eneanrclgf ehtcvgsc ygfi
lugt agic pnfyn`nsgcgf tuigs-tuigsfyg. Iuru mgpgt mc`cjgt snagigc sugtu gsnt [ueanr
Mgyg Egfuscg ygfi enenr`ulgf pnfin`h`ggf snkgrg agcl, anrmgyg iufg mgf anrjgsc`iufg.
Iuru enrupglgf tnfgig lnpnfmcmclgf ygfi enec`clc tuigs utgeg uftul
enfmcmcl, enfigogr, en`gtcj, snrtg enfigrgjlgf pnsnrtg mcmcl gigr enec`clc lnscgpgf
mg`ge enfijgmgpc pnrsgcfigf i`hag` ygfi sneglcf lntgt mnfigf agfisg `gcf. H`nj
lgrnfg ctu lnmumulgf iuru snagigc tnfgig prhdnsschfg` sgfigt`gj pnftcfi mg`ge
tnrwuoumfyg vcsc mgf ecsc pnfyn`nfiigrggf pnean`gogrgf pgmg sgtugf pnfmcmclgf
mcegfg cg en`glsgfglgf tuigsfyg.
Iuru prhdnschfg` gmg`gj iuru ygfi enfinmnpgflgf eutu mgf lug`ctgs `gygfgf
mgf prhmulfyg, `gygfgf iuru jgrus enenfujc stgfmgrcsgsc lnautujgf egsygrglgt,
agfisg, mgf pnfiiufg snrtg eneglsceg`lgf lnegepugf pnsnrtg mcmcl anrmgsgrlgf
phtnfsc mgf lnkglgpgf ygfi mcec`clc egscfi-egscfi cfmcvcmu. ^ftul enfogmc iuru ygfi prhdnschfg` jgrus enec`clc ananrgpg lhepntnfsc iuru ygfi en`cputc lhepntnfsc
lnprcagmcgf, lhepntnfsc pnmgihicl, lhepntnfsc prhdnsschfg` mgf lhepntnfsc shscg`.
[neug lhepntnfsc tnrsnaut jgrus mcec`clc h`nj snhrgfi iuru mg`ge en`glulgf lnicgtgf
enfigogr mc snlh`gj. Iuru ygfi anreutu gmg`gj iuru ygfi prhdnschfg` mg`ge
pnlnroggffyg lgrnfg iuru ygfi prhdnschfg` snfgftcgsg mgpgt enfcfilgtlgf lug`ctgsfyg.
H`nj lgrnfg ctu snhrgfi iuru jgrus egepu enfiugsgc lhepntnfsc tnrsnaut snjcfiig
pnsnrtg mcmcl mgpgt mnfigf eumgj enfynrgp c`eu ygfi mcmgpgt.
Iuru enec`clc pnrgf ygfi sgfigt ansgr mg`ge pnfmcmclgf, mcpufmglfyg
mcanagfc sugtu tgfiiufi ogwga gtgs eutu pnfmcmclgf. Eglg mgrc ctu iuru jgrus
enfineagfilgf mcrcfyg mnfigf c`eu pnfintgjugf mgf lntnrgepc`gf-lntnrgepc`gf ygfi
mcautujlgf mg`ge pnean`gogrgf. [nlh`gj snlgrgfi sumgj mcjgmgplgf pgmg pnrsgcfigfmgf tnlfh`hic ygfi tcmgl anrsnlg`g fgschfg` glgf tntgpc sumgj cftnrfgschfg`, agcl
snlh`gj fninrc egupuf swgstg. Eglg mgrc ctu prhdnschfg`ctgs snhrgfi iuru jgrus mcclutc
h`nj ehtcvgsc lnrog iuru mg`ge enfineagfilgf lurclu`ue mcsnlh`gj glgf anriufg,
gpgac`g iuru enepufygc lncficfgf, anrtgfiiufi ogwga, ecfgt, pnfijgriggf mgf
enfcfilgtlgf mcrcfyg mg`ge en`glsgfglgf tuigs lnicgtgf enfigogr. Mneclcgf jg`fyg
mnfigf lcfnrog iuru mctnftulgf h`nj tcfilgt snogujegfg prhdnschfg`cen iuru, ehtcvgsc
mgf `cfilufigf lnrogfyg. Jg` cfc`gj ygfi en`gtgr an`glgfic pnfn`ctc enfigeac` oumu`
Rnfigruj ehtcvgsc mgf mcscp`cf tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru [MF 4 [c`g Lgaupgtnf Aceg
F]A ]gjuf 127=.
7.1. Queusgf egsg`gjAnrmgsgrlgf urgcgf mcgtgs, eglg pnr`u mcgfg`cscs snoguj egfg pnfigruj
ehtcvgsc mgf mcscp`cf mcmg`ge enfcfilgtlgf lcfnrog iuru. Iuru glgf anlnrog mnfigf
agcl gpgac`g gmg ehtcvgsc ygfi enfmhrhfi uftul enfkgpgc tuougf ygfi mccficflgf mgf
gmgfyg lnmcscp`cfgf mg`ge anlnrog. Mc`cjgt mgrc pnregsg`gjgf tnrsnaut, eglg rueusgf
egsg`gj mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj?
7. Gpglgj gmg pnfigruj ehtcvgsc mgf mcscp`cf tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru [MF 4 [c`g Aceg F]A agcl snkgrg sceu`tgf egupuf snkgrg pgrscg`8
1. Dglthr egfglgj mgrc ehtcvgsc mgf mcscp`cf ygfi pg`cfi anrpnfigruj tnrjgmgp lcfnrogiuru [MF 4 [c`g Aceg F]A8
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 74
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
7.;. ]uougf Rnfn`ctcgfGmgpuf tuougf ygfi cficf mckgpgc mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj?
7. ^ftul enfintgjuc pnfigruj ehtcvgsc mgf mcscp`cf tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru [MF 4 [c`g
Aceg F]A agcl snkgrg sceu`tgf egupuf snkgrg pgrscg`1. ^ftul enfintgjuc dglthr egfglgj mgrc ehtcvgsc mgf mcscp`cf ygfi pg`cfi
anrpnfigruj tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru [MF 4 [c`g Aceg F]A
CC. ]CFOG^GF R^[]GLG1.7. Rnfn`ctcgf [nan`uefyg7. Ageagfi Iufgwgf, 733: mnfigf oumu`? Gfg`cscs pnfigruj ehtcvgsc tnrjgmgp
lnpugsgf lnrog lgrygwgf Gmecfcstrgsc Jhtn` Eutcgrg mc Shiyglgrtg. Mgrc jgsc`
pnfn`ctcgf cfc mclntgjuc agjwg pnfigruj ehtcvgsc lnrog tnrjgmgp lnpugsgf lnrog
lgrygwgf gmecfcstrgsc sgfigt lugt mgf scifcdclgf, jg` cfc anrgrtc enfufoullgf antgpg
pnftcfifyg pnrjgtcgf ygfi mcsnrtgc pneanrcgf ehtcvgsc mgrc snhrgfi pcepcfgf sugtu
hrigfcsgsc (pnrusgjggf) tnrjgmgp tcfilgt lnpugsgf pgrg lgrygwgffyg. Mnfigf pnrjgtcgf ygfi agcl tnftufyg glgf eneanrclgf glcagt ygfi agcl pu`g uftul lnmug
an`gj pcjgl
1. Enssg Enmcg Iustc (1272) Rnfigruj Lnmcscp`cfgf, Ehtcvgsc Lnrog, Mgf RnrsnpscIuru ]nftgfi Lnpnecepcfgf Lnpg`g [nlh`gj ]nrjgmgp Lcfnrog Iuru [ELF 7
Rurwhrnoh Rgskg [nrtcdclgsc.
Rnfn`ctcgf cfc anrtuougf uftul enfintgjuc pnfigruj lnmcscp`cfgf, ehtcvgsc lnrog, mgf
pnrsnpsc iuru tnftgfi lnpnecepcfgf lnpg`g snlh`gj tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru [ELF 7
Rurwhrnoh pgskg snrtcdclgsc. ]nlfcl gfg`cscs mgtg ygfi mciufglgf gmg`gj tnlfcl
gfg`cscs rnirnsc igfmg mnfigf tgrgd scifcdclgf >%. Jgsc` pnfn`ctcgf enfufoullgf
agjwg? (7) ]cmgl tnrmgpgt pnfigruj ygfi scifcdclgf gftgrg mcscp`cf lnrog tnrjgmgp
lcfnrog iuru mc [ELF 7 Rurwhrnoh pgskg snrtcdclgsc, mnfigf tcfilgt pnfigrujvgrcga`n lnmcscp`cfgf snansgr 2,724< (1) ]cmgl tnrmgpgt pnfigruj ygfi scifcdclgf
gftgrg Ehtcvgsc lnrog tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru mc [ELF 7 Rurwhrnoh pgskg snrtdclgsc,
mnfigf tcfilgt pnfigruj vgrcga`n Ehtcvgsc lnrog snansgr 2,29=< (;) ]cmgl tnrmgpgt
pnfigruj ygfi scifcdclgf gftgrg pnrsnpsc iuru tnftgfi lnpnecepcfge lnpg`g
snlh`gj tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru mc [ELF 7 Rurwhrnoh pgskg snrtcdclgsc, mnfigf
tcfilgt pnfigruj pnrsnpsc iuru tnftgfi lnpnecepcfge lnpg`g snlh`gj snansgr 2,219<
(=) ]nrmgpgt juaufigf ygfi scifcdclgf gftgrg vgrcgan` mcscp`cf lnrog, ehtcvgsc lnrog,
mgf pnrsnpsc iuru tnftgfi lnpnecepcfge lnpg`g snlh`gj snkgrg sceu`tgf tnrjgmgp
lcfnrog iuru mc [ELF 7 Rurwhrnoh pgskg snrtdclgsc, mnfigf tcfilgt pnfigruj snansgr
2,71;.
;. Gergf (1223) Rnfigruj Mcscp`cf Lnrog ]nrjgmgp Lcfnrog Rnigwgc LgfthrMnpgrtnenf [hscg` Lgaupgtnf Ihrhftg`h.
Rnfn`ctcgf cfc tuougffyg uftul enfintgjuc ansgrfyg pnfigruj mcscp`cf lnrog tnrjgmgp
lcfnrog pnigwgc snkgrg pgrscg` mgf snkgrg sceu`tgf. Ansgrfyg pnfigruj mcgfg`cscs
snkgrg mnslrcptcd mgf stgtcstcl mnfigf enthmn pgtj gfg`csys mnfigf agftugf
lheputnr prhirge [R[[ vnrsc 7;. Enthmn pnfgrclgf mgtg eu`gc mgrc pnfntgpgf
sgepn` ygctu enthmn snfsus ygfi tnrmcrc mgrc 72 pnigwgc en`g`uc pnfynagrgf
lunschfnr mgf sgepgc pnfih`gjgf mgtg. Jgsc` pnfn`ctcgf enfufoullgf agjwg
pnfigruj pn`gtcjgf enec`clc pnfigruj thtg` tnrjgmgp lcfnrog snansgr =2,93% yglfc
anrgmg pgmg lgtnihrc rnfmgj mgf ehtcvgsc enec`clc pnfigruj thtg` tnrjgmgp lcfnrog
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 79
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
snansgr >:,=2% gtgu anrgmg pgmg lgtnihrc snmgfi. [nmgfilgf ansgrfyg lhftrcausc
vgrcgan` mcscp`cf lnrog tnrjgmgp lcfnrog gmg`gj snansgr 92,73% gtgu 79,:7 mctnftulgf
h`nj vgrcgan` `gcf.
1.1. @gfmgsgf ]nhrc1.1.7. ]nhrc Ehtcvgsc
Ehtcvgsc anrgsg` mgrc lgtg `gtcf ehvnrn ygfi anrgrtc mhrhfigf gtgu
enfiinrgllgf. Ehtcvgsc mg`ge egfgonenf jgfyg mctuoulgf pgmg sueanrmgyg egfuscg
ueuefyg mgf agwgjgf ljususfyg. Ehtcvgsc enepnrshg`lgf agigcegfg kgrgfyg
enfigrgjlgf mgyg mgf phtnfsc agwgjgf gigr egu anlnrogsgeg snkgrg prhmultcd
anrjgsc` enfkgpgc mgf enwuoumlgf tuougf ygfi tn`gj mctnftulgf.
Rnftcfifyg ehtcvgsc lgrnfg ehtcvgsc gmg`gj jg` ygfi enfynagalgf,
enfyg`urlgf, mgf enfmulufi pnrc`glu egfuscg supgyg egu anlnrog icgt mgf gftuscgs
enfkgpgc jgsc` ygfi eglsceg`. Ehtcvgsc sneglcf pnftcfi lgrnfg egfgonr eneagiclgf
pnlnroggf pgmg agwgjgffyg uftul mclnroglgf mnfigf agcl mgf tnrcftnirgsc lnpgmgtuougf ygfi mccficflgf.
Rntnrshf mgf R`hwegf enfigtglgf agjwg hrgfi egu anlnrog lgrnfg dglthr-
dglthr anrclut?
g. ]jn Mnscrn th @cvn (lncficfgf uftl jcmup) a. ]jn Mnscrn dhr phsctchf (lncficfgf uftl sugtu phscsc)k. ]jn Mnscrn dhr phwnr (lncficfgf glgf lnlugsggf )m. ]jn Mnscrn dhr rnkhifgtchf (lncficfgf glgf pnfiglugf)
Lnautujgf-lnautujgf ygfi mcpugslgf mnfigf anlnrog enfygfilut jg`-jg`
anrclut?
g. Lnautujgf dcscl mgf lngegfgf
Lnautujgf cfc enfygfilut lnpugsgf lnautujgf dcscl/ac`hics, snpnrtc eglgf,ecfue, pnruegjgf, snls, mgf snegkgefyg, mcsgepcfi lnautujgf glgf rgsg gegf
mg`ge enfclegtcfyg
a. Lnautujgf shscg`Lnautujgf cfc gmg`gj lnautujgf ygfi tnrpugslgf lgrnfg enepnrh`nj pnfiglugf,
stgtus, mcjhregtc, mctnrceg, snrtg mcsnigfc mg`ge pnrigu`gf egsygrglgt.
k. Lnautujgf nihcstclGmg`gj lnautujgf lnpugsgf ygfi anrjuaufigf mnfigf lnanagsgf hrgfi uftul
enfinroglgf snfmcrc sugtu pnlnroggf snjcfiig pugs lgrnfg anrjgsc`
enfyn`nsgclgffyg.
1.1.1. Mcscp`cf Lnrog[cswgfth [gstrhjgmcwcryh (122>?137) enfmndcfcsclgf mcscp`cf lnrog snagigc
sugtu sclgp enfijhregtc, enfijgrigc, pgtuj, mgf tggt tnrjgmgp pnrgturgf-pnrgturgf
ygfi anr`glu, agcl ygfi tnrtu`cs egupuf tcmgl tnrtu`cs snrtg sgfiiup enfog`gflgffyg
mgf tcmgl enfin`gl uftul enfnrceg sgflsc-sgflscfyg gpgac`g cg en`gfiigr tuigs mgf
wnwnfgfi ygfi mcanrclgf lnpgmgfyg. Lnr`cfinr mgf Rgjgzur (Egrohfh 1229?9),
enfineulglgf, ueuefyg mcscp`cf ygfi agcl tnrmgpgt gpgac`g snnhrgfi mgtgfi ln
lgfthr mnfigf tnrgtur mgf tnpgt wgltu, gpgac`g enrnlg anrpglgcgf snrag agcl pgmg
tnepgt pnlnroggffyg, gpgac`g enrnlg enfiiufglgf agjgf-agjgf mgf pnr`nfilgpgf
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 7:
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
mnfigf jgtc-jgtc, gpgac`g enrnlg enfijgsc`lgf oue`gj mgf lug`ctgs pnlnroggf ygfi
eneugslgf mgf enficlutc kgrg - kgrg lnrog ygfi mctnftulgf.
Anrmgsgrlgf urgcgf mcgtgs pnfu`cs enfycepu`lgf agjwg mcscp`cf lnrog gmg`gj
sugtu lngmggf mcegfg sntcgp cfmcvcmu eg`glsgfglgf pnrgturgf ygfi anr`glu mnfigfsnenstcfyg snrtg tcmgl gmgfyg pn`gfiigrgf tnrjgmgp pnrgturgf tnrsnaut agcl snkgrg
`gfisufi egpuf tcmgl `gfisufi. Cfmclgthr mcscp`cf lnrog mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj? (7)
tgfiiufiogwga mg`ge pnlnroggf mgf tuigs, (1) lntggtgf tnrjgmgp pnrgturgf ygfi tn`gj
mctntgplgf, (;) pnfiiufggf wgltu snkgrg ndnltcd.
1.1.;. LcfnrogQhaacfs (1227?:7) ygfi mclutcp h`nj Ycmcygfcfiscj (1223?;7) enfigtglgf
agjwg lcfnrog tnrlgct mnfigf ehtcvgsc. Grtcfyg, uftul eneglsceg`lgf ehtcvgsc, hrgfi
pnr`u enrgsg agjwg usgjg ygfi tn`gj enrnlg `glulgf enfijgsc`lgf nvg`ugsc lcfnrog
ygfi agcl mgf agjwg nvg`ugsc ygfi agcl glgf eneanrclgf ceag`gf ygfi anrgrtc agic
enrnlg. Ac`g tuougf ygfi mckgpgc tcmgl on`gs, mgf lrctnrcg uftul enfiulur tuougf-tuougfctu sgegrg-sgegr, snrtg tcmgl yglcf agjwg usgjgfyg glgf enfijgsc`lgf pnfc`gcgf
lcfnrog ygfi eneugslgf gtgu yglcf agjwg ceag`gf agic lcfnrog ygfi agcl tcmgl glgf
eneugslgf, eglg acsg mcmuig agjwg snsnhrgfi glgf anlnrog mcagwgj phtnfscfyg.
Lcfnrog lgrygwgf ouig mcpnfigrujc h`nj snanrgpg yglcf ygfi anrsgfilutgf glgf
enfmgpgtlgf nvg`ugsc lcfnrog ygfi agcl snrtg snanrgpg ansgr nvg`ugsc jgsc` lcfnrog ygfi
agcl ctu acsg eneanrclgf ceag`gf ygfi agcl pu`g. ^lurgf mgf tuougf nvg`ugsc ygfi
lhfscstnf mgf on`gs ouig glgf enepnfigrujc lcfnrog lgrygwgf uftul anlnrog snsugc
mnfigf phtnfsc enrnlg.
Ogmc, lcfnrog sntcgp ufct lnrog jgrus`gj mculur mnfigf enthmn stgtcstcl,
ljususfyg tnftgfi eutu sugtu prhmulsc. Rgrg egfgonr jgrus enfnrceg tgfiiufi ogwga
gtgs lcfnrog agwgjgffyg. H`nj lgrnfg ctu pgrg egfgonr jgrus sn`g`u enehfcthr lcfnrogsntcgp agwgjgffyg anrmgsgrlgf lnfmg`c snkgrg stgtcstcl ( stgtcstckg` khftrh` ). Kgrg
snmnrjgfg uftul enfc`gc lcfnrog pnrhrgfigf, gmg`gj?
Lcfnrog 5 Lnegepugf (Lgpgsctgs) + Ehtcvgsc
Lnegepugf mgrc snsnhrgfi mgpgt mc`cjgt mgrc lngj`cgf gtgu slc`` ygfi mcec`clc
h`nj hrgfi tnrsnaut. Mgf lngj`cgf tnrsnaut glgf mcpnfigrujc h`nj `gtgr an`glgfi
pnfmcmclgf mgf pnfig`gegf ygfi mcmgpgt sn`geg cfc. Fgeuf mneclcgf, ehtcvgsc mgf
lnegugf mgrc snsnhrgfi uftul an`gogr sgeac` anlnrog (`ngrfcfi ay mhcfi ) enrupglgf
dglthr `gcf ygfi sgfigt enepnfigrujc lngfmg`gffyg. Qhaacf mg`ge Qcvgc (122>)
ygfi mclutcp h`nj Ycmcygfcfiscj (1223. Kgtgtgf rnputgsc snagigc egoclgf tnrjgmgp pgrg lgrygwgf
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 73
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
4. Rhtnfsc pnrusgjggf uftul tueauj mgf anrlneagfi mc egsg ygfi glgf mgtgfi9. Ntclg mgf lnouourgf (jhfnsty)
Anrmgsgrlgf pnfinrtcgf lcfnrog mcgtgs mgpgt mcscepu`lgf agjwg lcfnrog gmg`gj
jgsc` lnrog ygfi mckgpgc snsnhrgfi mg`ge en`glsgfglgf tuigs. Enfurut Mnss`nr(7339?>=) gmg > (`ceg) dglthr mg`ge pnfc`gc lcfnrog ygfi phpu`gr ygctu?
7. Lug`ctgs pnlnroggf, en`cputc glurgsc, lntn`ctcgf, pnfgepc`gf mgf pnfnrceggfln`ugrgf.
1. Lugftctgs pnlnroggf, en`cputc vh`uen ln`ugrgf mgf lhftrcausc;. [upnrvcsc ygfi mcpnr`ulgf, en`cputc eneautujlgf sgrgf, grgjgf gtgu pnragclgf=. Lnjgmcrgf, en`cputc? rniu`grctgs, mgpgt mcpnrkgyg/mcjgfmg`lgf mgf lntnpgtgf wgltu>. Lhfsnrvgsc, en`cputc? pnfknigjgf, pneahrhsgf, lnrusglgf mgf pnen`cjgrggf
pnrg`gtgf.
[cstne pnfc`gcgf lcfnrog enfurut Jgfmhlh (733:) tnrmgpgt 72 scdgt ygfi pg`cfi
ueue ygfi mcfc`gc mgrc hrgfi ygfi enenigfi phscsc pcepcfgf cg`gj ? (7) Lfhw`nmin
Hd Oha, (1) Khhpnrgtchf, (;) Mnpnfmgac`cty, (=) Wug`cty Hd Yhrl, (>) Ouminenft, (4) Cfctcgtcvn, (:) Wugftcty Hd Yhrl, (3) @ngmnrsjcp, (72) R`gffcfi Gfm Hrigfczcfi, (72)
Jng`tj.
CCC. LNQGFILG LHF[NR]^G@
Igeagr 7.
Lnrgfilg Lhfsnptug`
CT. EN]HMN RNFN@C]CGF=.7. Onfcs Rnfn`ctcgf
Mc`cjgt mgrc agigcegfg pnfn`ctcgf cfc mc`glulgf, eglg pnfn`ctcgf cfc mgpgt
mcln`hephllgf lnmg`ge pnfn`ctcgf survnc, mcegfg phlhl ygfi mcpnr`ulgf,
mcluepu`lgf mgrc rnsphfmnf mnfigf enfiiufglgf lunschfnr tgfpg eneanrclgf
pnr`glugf pgmg suaynl pnfn`ctcgf. Mc`cjgt mgrc ehmn` egsg`gjfyg, eglg pnfn`ctcgf cfc
mgpgt mcln`hephllgf ln mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf rn`gschfg`, ygctu pnfn`ctcgf ygfi glgf
enfon`gslgf pnfigruj mgrc sgtu vgrcgan` ln vgrcga`n ygfi `gcffyg.
=.1. Onfcs mgf [ueanr MgtgRgmg mgsgrfyg mc`cjgt mgrc sueanrfyg, mgtg mgpgt mcanmglgf enfogmc mug, ygctu?
7. Mgtg Rrcenr.Mgtg prcenr gmg`gj mgtg ygfi pnrtgeg lg`c mgf `gfisufi mcpnrh`nj h`nj pnfn`ctc mgrc
sueanrfyg (suaynl). Enfurut Mogrwgfth mgf [uagiyh, 733:
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 12
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
mcluepu`lgf mgf mch`gj snfmcrc h`nj pnfn`ctc gtgu pnrsnhrgfigf `gfisufi mgrc
suaynlfyg, ygctu iuru [MF 4 [c`g Aceg.
1. Mgtg [nlufmnr.
Mgtg snlufmnr enrupglgf sueanr mgtg pnfn`ctcgf ygfi mcpnrh`nj snkgrg tcmgl`gfisufi en`g`uc enmcg pnrgftgrg gtgu mcpnrh`nj mgf mckgtgt h`nj pcjgl `gcf
([uicyhfh, 7333 irgmgsc (tcfilgtgf). uftul pnrfygtggf ygfi sgfigt tcfiic
mcanrc slhr > mgf uftul pnrfygtggf ygfi sgfigt rnfmgj mcanrc slhr 7.
=.=. Mndcfcsc Hpnrgschfg` Tgrcgan`Rnfn`ctcgf enfiiufglgf ananrgpg vgrcgan`, gigr `nacj on`gs mcurgclgf
hpnrgschfg` vgrcgan` pnfn`ctcgf snagigc anrclut ?
7. Ehtcvgsc (Z7) gmg`gj snagigc lngmggf ygfi enfmhrhfi lncficfgf cfmcvcmu iuru[MF 4 [c`g Aceg uftul en`glulgf lnicgtgf-lnicgtgf tnrtnftu uftul enfkgpgc
lncficfgffyg.
1. Mcscp`cf lnrog (Z1) gmg`gj sugtu lngmggf tnrtca mgf tnrgtur ygfi mcec`clc h`nj iuru
[MF 4 [c`g Aceg mg`ge anlnrog mc snlh`gj, tgfpg gmg pn`gfiigrgf-pn`gfiigrgfygfi enruiclgf agcl snkgrg `gfisufi egupuf tcmgl `gfisufi tnrjgmgp mcrcfyg,
tnegf snogwgtfyg mgf tnrjgmgp snlh`gj snkgrg lnsn`urujgf.
;. Lcfnrog (S) gmg`gj jgsc` gtgu tcfilgt lnanrjgsc`gf iuru [MF 4 [c`g Aceg mc mg`geen`glsgfglgf tuigs ygfi tn`gj mctnftulgf.
=.>. ]nlfcl Gfg`cscs Mgtg=.>.7. ^oc Cfstruenf
Cfstruenf ygfi mciufglgf uftul enfiulur sugtu vgrcgan` jgrus enenfujc mug
lrctnrcg, ygctu Tg`cm mgf Qn`cgan`. ^ftul enfintgjuc gpglgj sugtu cftruenf enenfujc
lrctnrcg tnrsnaut pnr`u mc`glulgf pnfiuocgf snpnrtc anrclut cfc ?
7. ^oc Tg`cmctgs Cfstruenf.Enfurut [nlgrgf (122>?=1> ygfi mclutcp h`nj Ycmcygfcfiscj 1223), vg`cmctgs enepufygc grtc sgepgc snoguj egfg lntnpgtgf mgf lnknregtgf sugtu g`gt
ulur mc mg`ge en`glulgf dufisc ulurfyg. [ugtu tns gtgu cfstruenf pnfiulur mclgtglgf
enepufygc vg`cmctgs ygfi tcfiic gpgac`g g`gt tnrsnaut mgpgt enfog`gflgf dufisc
ulurfyg, gtgu eneanrclgf jgsc` ulur ygfi snsugc mnfigf eglsum mc`glulgffyg
pnfiulurgf tnrsnaut. Cfstruenf gtgu autcr mcfygtglgf vg`cm gpgac`g jgsc` pnfiuocgf?
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 17
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
- Oclg r jctufi 6 r tgan` mgf anrfc`gc phsctcd, eglg vgrcgan` tnrsnaut vg`cm.- Oclg r jctufi 0 r tgan`, eglg vgrcgan` tnrsnaut tcmgl vg`cm. Oclg r jctufi 6 r tgan`
tntgpc anrtgfmg fnigtcd, eglg J2 glgf tntgp mcth`gl mgf J7 mctnrceg.
1. ^oc Qn`cgac`ctgsQn`cgac`ctgs gmg`gj pnftnronegjgf mgrc lgtg rn`cgac`cty ygfi anrgrtc mgpgt
mcpnrkgyg, mgpgt mcgfmg`lgf, lhfscstnfsc gtgu goni. Cfstruenf ygfi enec`clc rn`cgac`ctgs
tcfiic mcsnaut snagigc cfstruenf ygfi rn`cgan` gtgu mgpgt mcpnrkgyg. Mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf
cfc, pnfiuocgf rn`cgac`ctgs cfstruenft mc`glulgf mnfigf enfiiufglgf Krhfagkj–s
G`pjg. Enfurut [nlgrgf (7333? 7;1) ygfi mclutcp h`nj Ycmcygfcfiscj (1223),
cfstruenf mcfygtglgf rn`cgan` oclg enec`clc fc`gc Krhfagkj–s g`pjg `nacj ansgr mgrc 2,4.
=.>.1. Enthmn Gfg`cscs Mgtg^ftul mgpgt enfogwga egsg`gj pnfn`ctcgf cfc gtgu eneaultclgf jcphtnscs
pnfn`ctcgf, eglg mc`glulgf prhsns gfg`cscs mgtgygfi snkgrg `nfilgp mcon`gslgf anrclutcfc?
=.>.1.7. Gfg`cscs Mnslrcptcd_gcfg` Eustgdg (733:?7) enfineulglgf agjwg gfg`cscs mnslrcptcd enrupglgf
g`gt gfg`cscs ygfi mciufglgf uftul eneagjgs enfinfgc tnlfcl-tnlfcl pnfiuepu`gf,
pnfih`gjgf/gfg`cscs mgf pnfygocgf tnrjgmgp snln`hephl mgtg. Gfg`cscs cfc mciufglgf
uftul enfmnslrcpsclgf suaynl pnfn`ctcgf anrmgsgrlgf mgtg ygfi mcjgsc`lgf mg`ge
pnfn`ctcgf mgf tcmgl mceglsumlgf uftul enfiuoc jcphtnsg. Mg`ge gfg`cscs cfc mciufglgf
mcstrcausc drnlunfsc snagigc pnfiigeagrgf jgsc` ogwgagf rnsphfmnf mg`ge lunschfnr.
=.>.1.1. Gfg`cscs Cfdnrnfscg`
Gfg`cscs cfc mciufglgf uftul enfgrcl lnscepu`gf en`g`uc pnfiuocgf jcphtnsgmnfigf enfiiufglgf g`gt-g`gt stgtcstclg ygfi rn`nvgf. Mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc g`gt gfg`csg
ygfi mciufglgf gmg`gj gfg`cscs rnirnsc `cfcnr igfmg ygfi snkgrg rcfkc mgpgt mcon`gslgf
snpnrtc anrclut cfc ?
7. Lhndcscnf Mntnrecfgsc Igfmg (Q 1)
Lhndcscnf mntnrecfgsc (Q 1
) pgmg cftcfyg enfiulur snanrgpg oguj ehmn` mg`geenfnrgfilgf vgrcgsc vgrcgan` mnpnfmnf. Fc`gc lhndcscnf mntnrecfgsc igfmg gmg`gj
mcgftgrg fh` mgf sgtu. Fc`gc Q 1
ygfi lnkc` anrgrtc lnegepugf vgrcgan`-vgrcgan`
cfmnpnfmnf mg`ge enfon`gslgf vgrcgan` mnpnfmnf sgfigt lnkc`, mgf fc`gc lhndcscnf
mntnrecfgsc igfmg ygfi enfmnlgtc sgtu anrgrtc vgrcgan`-vgrcgan` cfmnpnfmnf
eneanrclgf jgepcr sneug cfdhregsc ygfi mcautujlgf uftul eneprnmclsc vgrcgscvgrcgan` mnpnfmnf. Ln`negjgf enfmgsgr pnfiiufggf lhndcscnf.
1. ^oc D^oc stgtcstcl D pgmg mgsgrfyg enfufoullgf gpglgj sneug vgrcgan` cfmnpnfmnf ygfi
mcegsullgf mg`ge ehmn`, snkgrg anrsgeg-sgeg enepufygc pnfigruj ygfi
scifcdclgf tnrjgmgp vgrcgan` mnpnfmnf. Jcphtnscs lnrog mcmndcfcsclgf snagigc anrclut?
- Jh ? a7 5 a1 5 2 [neug vgrcgan` cfmnpnfmnf snkgrg sceu`tgf aulgf enrupglgf pnfon`gs ygfi
scifcdclgf tnrjgmgp vgrcgan` mnpnfmnf.
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 11
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
- J7 ? Jh tcmgl anfgr [neug vgrcgan` cfmnpnfmnf snkgrg sceu`tgf enrupglgf pnfon`gs ygfi scifcdclgf
tnrjgmgp vgrcgan` mnpnfmnf.
Lrctnrcg lnputusgffyg ?]h`gl Jh (gmg pnfigruj ygfi scifcdclgf) oclg jgrig tgrgd scifcdclgfsc jgc` pnfiuocgf
lurgfi mgrc 2,2>
;. Ehmn` Rnrsgeggf Qnirnsc Igfmg @cfcnrEhmn` rnirnsc gtgu pnfigruj mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj ?
_S 5 a7_Z7 + a1_Z1 + n
Mcegfg ?
S 5 lcfnrog iuru
Z7 5 ehtcvgsc
Z1 5 mcscp`cf
a7…a1 5 lhndcscnf rnirnsc
n 5 stgfmgr nrhrAnsgrfyg ndnl pnfigruj uftul sntcgp vgrcgan` (pnfigruj pgrscg`) mctufoullgf
mnfigf jgrig mgrc lhndcscnf rnirnsc ygfi tn`gj mcstgfmgrmcsgsc mnfigf fc`gc _ (`cjgt
jgrig ac). [neglcf ansgr jgrig lhndcscnf rnirnscfyg glgf sneglcf lugt pu`g
pnfigruj vgrcgan` tnrsnaut tnrjgmgp vgrcgan` tnrclgtfyg.
=. ^oc t^oc cfc mciufglgf uftul enfiuoc gpglgj snkgrg pgrscg` sntcgp vgrcgan` anags
enepufygc pnfigruj scifcdclgf tnrjgmgp vgrcgan` tnrclgt. Jcphtnscs lnrog
mcmndcfcsclgf snagigc anrclut ?
- Jh ? ac 5 2[ugtu vgrcgan` cfmnpnfmnf aulgf enrupglgf pnfon`gs ygfi scifcdclgf tnrjgmgp
vgrcgan` mnpnfmnf.
- Jh ? ac ≢ 2[ugtu vgrcgan` cfmnpnfmnf enrupglgf pnfon`gs ygfi scifcdclgf tnrjgmgp
vgrcgan` mnpnfmnf.
T. JG[C@ MGF RNEAGJG[GF>.7. Igeagrgf ^eue [MF 4 [c`g Aceg
Lnpg`g [nlh`gj ? J.Gecru``gj, [Rm,[M.
Yglc` Lnpg`g [nlh`gj ? -
>.7.7. [trultur Hrigfcsgsc ]nfgig Rnfmcmcl?
J.[gescgj, [.Rm ? Lurclu`ue Furogfgj, G.Eg ? Lngigeggf
[rc Aceg Gryg ], [.Rm ? Juegs
[rc Jgstutc, [.Rm ? Lnpg`g Rnrpustglggf
Dugs [gesummcf,[Rm ? Rnfin`h`g @ga. Lheputnr
>.7.1. [trultur Hrigfcsgsc ]nfgig Lnpnfmcmclgf?Oufgcm, GEg Rm ? Anfmgjgrg Igoc
Dcregf, [Rmc ? Rneacfg Rrgeulg
Gaglgr ? Rnogig Eg`ge
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 1;
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
>.1. Lgrgltnrcstcl Qnsphfmnf]gan` 7.
Onfcs Ln`gecf Qnsphfmnf
Fh Onfcs Ln`gecf Oue`gj %7 @glc-@glc 7; =2,41
1 Rnrnepugf 73 >3,;9
]htg` ;1 722,2
[ueanr ? mgtg prcenr (mgtg mch`gj)
Rgmg tgan` 7 mcgtgs, mgpgt mon`gslgf agjwg iuru ygfi enfigogr mc [MF 4 [c`g
Aceg `nacj mcmhecfgsc h`nj pnrnepugf mcagfmcfilgf `glc-`glc. [n`gfoutfyg mcagwgj cfc
lgrgltnrcstcl rnsphfmnf anrmgsgrlgf tcfilgt ueur rnsphfmnf.
]gan` 1.
^eur Qnsphfmnf
Fh ^eur Oue`gj %7 12-;2 ]gjuf > 7>,4
1 ;7-=2 ]gjuf 72 ;7,1>
; =7->2 ]gjuf 71 ;9,>
= 6 >7 > 7>,41
]htg` ;1 722,2
[ueanr ? mgtg prcenr (mgtg mch`gj)
Rgmg tgan` 1 mcgtgs, mgpgt mon`gslgf agjwg iuru ygfi enfigogr mc [MF 4 [c`g
Aceg `nacj mcmhecfgsc h`nj iuru ygfi anrueur =7->2 tgjuf gtgu ;9,> pnrsnf,
snmgfilgf ygfi anrueur 12-;2 tgjuf jgfyg > hrgfi gtgu 7>,4 pnrsnf. [n`gfoutfyg
mcagwgj cfc lgrgltnrcstcl rnsphfmnf anrmgsgrlgf tcfilgt pnfmcmclgf.]gan` ;.
]cfilgt Rnfmcmclgf Qnsphfmnf
Fh Rnfmcmclgf Oue`gj %
7 [@]G 1 4,1>
1 Mcp`heg 1 4,1>
; [7 1: :9,>
= [1 2 2
]htg` ;1 722,2
[ueanr ? mgtg prcenr (mgtg mch`gj)
Rgmg tgan` ; mcgtgs, mgpgt mon`gslgf agjwg iuru ygfi enfigogr mc [MF 4 [c`gAceg `nacj mcmhecfgsc h`nj iuru ygfi anrpnfmcmclgf gtgu tgegtgf [grogfg ([7).
Lhfmcsc cfc tnftufyg eneanrc grtc agjwg [MF 4 [c`g Aceg tn`gj enenfujc stgfmgr
ecfceue tcfilgt pnfmcmclgf iuru ygfi enfigogr snsugc gegfgt ufmgfi-ufmgfi
pnfmcmclgf. [n`gfoutfyg mcagwgj cfc lgrgltnrcstcl rnsphfmnf anrmgsgrlgf `geg anlnrog.
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 1=
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
]gan` =.
@geg Anlnrog Qnsphfmnf
Fh @geg Anlnrog Oue`gj %
7 7-1 ]gjuf 1 4,;
1 ;-= ]gjuf 7 ;,7
; =-> ]gjuf 7 ;,7
= > ]gjuf lngtgs 1: :9,>
]htg` ;1 722,2
[ueanr ? mgtg prcenr (mgtg mch`gj)
Rgmg tgan` = mcgtgs, mgpgt mon`gslgf agjwg iuru ygfi enfigogr mc [MF 4 [c`g
Aceg tn`gj enec`clc pnfig`gegf enfigogr ygfi kulup `geg. Jg` cfc lgrnfg iuru ygfi
enfigogr mc [MF 4 [c`g Aceg `nacj mcmhecfgsc h`nj iuru ygfi tn`gj enfigogr `nacj
mgrc > tgjuf, jgfyg 1 hrgfi gtgu 4,; pnrsnf ygfi enec`clc pnfig`gegf enfigogr 7-1
tgjuf, mgf egscfi-egscfi 7 hrgfi gtgu ;,7 pnrsnf ygfi enec`clc pnfig`gegf enfigogr;-= tgjuf mgf =-> tgjuf.
>.;. Jgsc` Gfg`cscs Mgtg >.;.7. ^oc Tg`cmctgs
Jgsc` uoc vg`cmctgs tnrjgmgp vgrcgan` lcfnrog iuru [MF 4 [c`g Aceg snkgrg
rcfilgs mgpgt mc`cjgt pgmg tgan` > mcagwgj cfc ?
]gan` >.
Jgsc` ^oc Tg`cmctgs Tgrcgan` Lcfnrog Iuru (S)
Ctne Lhrn`gsc r-jctufir-tgan`
(md5;1 g52,2>)Lntnrgfigf
S.7 2.=49 2.134 Tg`cm
S.1 2.>99 2.134 Tg`cm
S.; 2.>:> 2.134 Tg`cm
S.= 2.;=3 2.134 Tg`cm
S.> 2.=:2 2.134 Tg`cm
[ueanr ? mgtg prcenr (mgtg mch`gj)
^oc vg`cmctgs mgtg mc`glulgf mnfigf eneagfmcfilgf fc`gc r jctufi mgf r tgan`
uftul mnirnn hd drnnmhe (md) 5 f ‛ 1 , mg`ge pnfn`ctcgf f 5 ;1 mgf ansgrfyg md mgpgt
mcjctufi ;1 ‛ 1 5 ;2 mgf g`pjg 5 2,2> mcpnrh`nj r tgan` 5 2,134 (uoc sgtu scsc).
Anrmgsgrlgf uoc lhrn`gsc pgmg tgan` 7 mcpnrh`nj fc`gc r jctufi vgrcgan` lcfnrog iuru anrlcsgr gftgrg 2,;=3 sgepgc 2,>:>, sneugfyg `nacj ansgr mgrc 2,134 snjcfiig egscfi-
egscfi ctne pnrtgfyggf pgmg vgrcgan` lcfnrog iuru ygfi tnrmcrc mgrc `ceg (>) pnrtgfyggf
sn`urujfyg mgpgt mcfygtglgf vg`cm.
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 1>
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
]gan` 4.
Jgsc` ^oc Tg`cmctgs Tgrcgan` ehtcvgsc (Z7)
Ctne Lhrn`gsc r-jctufir-tgan`
(md5;1 g52,2>)Lntnrgfigf
Z7.7 2.;47 2.134 Tg`cm
Z7.1 2.>>9 2.134 Tg`cm
Z7.; 2.>73 2.134 Tg`cm
Z7.= 2.;3: 2.134 Tg`cm
Z7.> 2.;=: 2.134 Tg`cm
[ueanr ? mgtg prcenr (mgtg mch`gj)
Anrmgsgrlgf jgsc` uoc vg`cmctgs pgmg tgan` 4 mcgtgs, enfufoullgf agjwg sn`uruj
ctne pnrtgfyggf pgmg vgrcgan` ehtcvgsc (Z7) tnrmcrc mgrc > (`ceg) pnrtgfyggf sn`urujfyg
mcfygtglgf vg`cm. ]gan` 9.
Jgsc` ^oc Tg`cmctgs Tgrcgan` Mcscp`cf (Z1)
Ctne Lhrn`gsc r-jctufir-tgan`
(md5;1 g52,2>)Lntnrgfigf
Z1.7 2.>77 2.134 Tg`cm
Z1.1 2.>3: 2.134 Tg`cm
Z1.; 2.=9: 2.134 Tg`cm
Z1.= 2.=;= 2.134 Tg`cm
Z1.> 2.;;9 2.134 Tg`cm
[ueanr ? mgtg prcenr (mgtg mch`gj)
Anrmgsgrlgf jgsc` uoc vg`cmctgs pgmg tgan` 9 mcgtgs, enfufoullgf agjwg sn`uruj
ctne pnrtgfyggf pgmg vgrcgan` mcscp`cf (Z1) tnrmcrc mgrc > (`ceg) pnrtgfyggf sn`urujfyg
mcfygtglgf vg`cm.
>.;.1. ^oc Qn`cgac`ctgs]gan` :.
Jgsc` ^oc Qn`cgac`ctgs Tgrcgan` Lcfnrog Iuru (S)
Ctne Krhfagkj–s Krhfagkj's G`pjg
[tgt
Krhfagkj's G`pjg
[tgt 6 2,42Lntnrgfigf
S.7 2.9;1 6 2,42 Jgfmg`S.1 2.499 6 2,42 Jgfmg`
S.; 2.4:9 6 2,42 Jgfmg`
S.= 2.:74 6 2,42 Jgfmg`
S.> 2.997 6 2,42 Jgfmg`
[ueanr ? mgtg prcenr (mgtg mch`gj)
Anrmgsgrlgf tgan` : mcgtgs, mgpgt mclntgjuc agjwg egscfi ‛ egscfi cfmclgthr
mg`ge vgrcgan` lcfnrog iuru (S) enec`clc fc`gc lhndcscnf G`pjg Krhfagkj snansgr 2,499
sgepgc 2,:74. Fc`gc lhndcscnf G`pjg Krhfagkj tnrsnaut `nacj ansgr mgrc 2,42, snjcfiig
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 14
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
mgpgt mcfygtglgf agjwg sn`uruj pnrtgfyggf vgrcgan` lcfnrog iuru ygfi tnrmcrc mgrc >
(`ceg) pnrtgfyggf mg`ge lucschfnr ygfi mciufglgf kulup jgfmg` gtgu anrscdgt rn`cgan`
uftul enfiuepu`lgf mgtg pnfn`ctcgf.
]gan` 3.Jgsc` ^oc Qn`cgac`ctgs Tgrcgan` ehtcvgsc (Z7)
Ctne Krhfagkj–s Krhfagkj's G`pjg
[tgt
Krhfagkj's
G`pjg [tgt 6 2,42Lntnrgfigf
Z7.7 2.941 6 2,42 Qn`cgan`
Z7.1 2.9=> 6 2,42 Qn`cgan`
Z7.; 2.9:9 6 2,42 Qn`cgan`
Z7.= 2.::1 6 2,42 Qn`cgan`
Z7.> 2.992 6 2,42 Qn`cgan`
[ueanr ? mgtg prcenr (mgtg mch`gj)Anrmgsgrlgf tgan` 3 mcgtgs, mgpgt mcfygtglgf agjwg sn`uruj pnrtgfyggf vgrcgan`
ehtcvgsc (Z7) ygfi tnrmcrc mgrc > (`ceg) pnrtgfyggf mg`ge lucschfnr ygfi mciufglgf
kulup jgfmg` gtgu anrscdgt rn`cgan` uftul enfiuepu`lgf mgtg pnfn`ctcgf.
]gan` 72.
Jgsc` ^oc Qn`cgac`ctgs Tgrcgan` Mcscp`cf (Z1)
Ctne Krhfagkj–s Krhfagkj's G`pjg
[tgt
Krhfagkj's G`pjg
[tgt 6 2,42Lntnrgfigf
Z1.7 2.9=: 6 2,42 Qn`cgan`
Z1.1 2.93= 6 2,42 Qn`cgan`
Z1.; 2.:4> 6 2,42 Qn`cgan`
Z1.= 2.92> 6 2,42 Qn`cgan`
Z1.> 2.:;4 6 2,42 Qn`cgan`
[ueanr ? mgtg prcenr (mgtg mch`gj)
Anrmgsgrlgf tgan` 72 mcgtgs, mgpgt mcfygtglgf agjwg sn`uruj pnrtgfyggf
vgrcgan` mcscp`cf (Z1) ygfi tnrmcrc mgrc > (`ceg) pnrtgfyggf mg`ge lucschfnr ygfi
mciufglgf kulup jgfmg` gtgu anrscdgt rn`cgan` uftul enfiuepu`lgf mgtg pnfn`ctcgf.
>.;.;. ^oc Qnirnsc @cfcnr Anrigfmg
]gan` 77.Jgsc` ^oc Qnirnsc @cfcnr Anrigfmg
Ehmn` ^fstgfmgrmcznm Khnddckcnfts
[tgfmgrmcznmKhnddckcnfts t [ci.
A [tm. Nrrhr Antg
7 (Khfstgft) x7 x1
73.:3: >.219 4.217
>.;4> .739 .79:
7.214 7.211
;.923 =.322 >.:37
.227
.222
.222
[ueanr ? Mgtg Rrcenr (Mgtg Mch`gj)
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 19
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
Anrmgsgrlgf jgsc` gfg`cscs rnirnsc `cfcnr anrigfmg ygfi tnrsgoc pgmg tgan` 77
mcgtgs, mcpnrh`nj pnrsgeggf jgsc` rnirnsc `cfcnr anrigfmg snagigc anrclut?
S 5 73.:3: + >.219 ehtcvgsc + 4.217 mcscp`cf + n c
>.;.;.7.^oc t-stgtcstcl^oc t-stgtcstcl mc`glulgf mnfigf kgrg eneagfmcfilgf fc`gc t-stgtcstcl mnfigf
fc`gc t-tgan` pgmg mnrgogt lnpnrkgyggf tnrtnftu ecsg`fyg >%. Oclg fc`gc t-stgtcstcl `nacj
ansgr (6) mgrc fc`gc t-tgan` eglg vgrcgan` anags snkgrg cfmcvcmu scifcdclgf tnrjgmgp
vgrcgan` tnrclgt, mgf snag`clfyg.
]gan` 71.
Qcfilgsgf Jgsc` ̂ oc t-[tgtcstcl
Tgrcgan` t-jctufit-tgan` f-l (2,2>)
^oc [gtu [cscLntnrgfigf
Z7 =.322 7.439 [cifcdclgf
Z1 >.:37 7.439 [cifcdclgf[ueanr ? Mgtg Rrcenr (Mgtg Mch`gj)
Rgmg tgan` 71 mcgtgs, mgpgt mclntgjuc agjwg fc`gc t-stgtcstcl vgrcgan` anags
ehtcvgsc (Z7) mgf mcscp`cf (Z1) `nacj ansgr mgrc fc`gc t-tgan` pgmg mnrgogt lnpnrkgyggf
2,2> uoc sgtu scsc. Cfc grtcfyg agjwg vgrcgan` anags ehtcvgsc (Z7) mgf mcscp`cf (Z1)
snkgrg cfmcvcmu egscfi-egscfi scifcdclgf mgf anrgrgj phsctcd tnrjgmgp vgrcgan` lcfnrog
iuru (S).
Jgsc` pnrjctufigf pgmg rnirnsc uftul vgrcgan` ehtcvgsc (Z7) mcpnrh`nj fc`gc tjctufi
snansgr =,322. Mnfigf mneclcgf tjctufi `nacj ansgr mgrc ttgan` (=,322 6 7,439) pgmg tgrgd
scifcdclgfsc 2,2> (η5 3>%) uoc sgtu pcjgl.
Igeagr 1.Rnfiuocgf ]nrjgmgp Lhndcscnf Qnirnsc Tgrcgan` ehtcvgsc (Z7)
Mnfigf mneclcgf mgpgt mctgrcl lnscepu`gf agjwg ehtcvgsc (Z7) snkgrg pgrscg`
enepufygc pnfigruj scifcdclgf tnrjgmgp Lcfnrog iuru [MF 4 [c`g Aceg.
Jgsc` pnrjctufigf pgmg rnirnsc uftul vgrcgan` mcscp`cf (Z1) mcpnrh`nj fc`gc tjctufi
snansgr >,:37. Mnfigf mneclcgf tjctufi `nacj ansgr mgrc ttgan` (>,:37 6 7,439) pgmg tgrgd
scifcdclgfsc 2,2> (η5 3>%) uoc sgtu pcjgl.
MgnrgjRnfnrceggf Jg
7,4399 =,32>
MgnrgjRnfnrceggf Jh
-=,322
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 1:
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
Igeagr ;.
Rnfiuocgf ]nrjgmgp Lhndcscnf Qnirnsc Tgrcgan` mcscp`cf (Z1)
Mnfigf mneclcgf mgpgt mctgrcl lnscepu`gf agjwg mcscp`cf (Z1) snkgrg pgrscg`
enepufygc pnfigruj scifcdclgf tnrjgmgp Lcfnrog iuru [MF 4 [c`g Aceg.
>.;.;.1.^oc D-stgtcstcl
^oc d-stgtcstcl mc`glulgf mnfigf kgrg eneagfmcfilgf fc`gc d-stgtcstcl mnfigffc`gc d-tgan` pgmg mnrgogt lnpnrkgyggf tnrtnftu ecsg`fyg >%. Oclg fc`gc d-stgtcstcl `nacj
ansgr (6) mgrc fc`gc d-tgan` eglg vgrcgan` anags snkgrg anrsgeg-sgeg scifcdclgf tnrjgmgp
vgrcgan` tnrclgt, mgf snag`clfyg.
]gan` 7;.
Qcfilgsgf Jgsc` ̂ oc D-[tgtcstcl
Tgrcgan` D-jctufit-tgan` f-l (2,2>)
^oc [gtu [cscLntnrgfigf
Z731.27: ;.;1 [cifcdclgf
Z1
[ueanr ? Mgtg Rrcenr Mch`gj
Rgmg tgan` 7; mc gtgs, mgpgt mclntgjuc agjwg fc`gc d-jctufi vgrcgan` anags
ehtcvgsc (Z7) mgf mcscp`cf (Z1) `nacj ansgr mgrc fc`gc d-tgan` pgmg mnrgogt lnpnrkgyggf
2,2> uoc sgtu scsc. Cfc grtcfyg agjwg vgrcgan` anags ehtcvgsc (Z7) mgf mcscp`cf (Z1)
snkgrg anrsgeg-sgeg (sceu`tgf) scifcdclgf mgf anrgrgj phsctcd tnrjgmgp vgrcgan` lcfnrog
iuru (S).
Jgsc` pnrjctufigf pgmg rnirnsc mcpnrh`nj fc`gc Djctufi snansgr 31,27:. Lneumcgf
mclhfsu`tgsclgf mnfigf jgrig Dtgan` pgmg tcfilgt lnpnrkgyggf 3>% (p52,2>< md75l-
751?md15f-l5;2). Fc`gc Dtgan` 5;,;1. Mnfigf eneagfmcfilgf fc`gc Djctufi mnfigf fc`gc
Dtgan` mc gtgs eglg mgpgt mclntgjuc tnrfygtg fc`gc Djctufi `nacj ansgr mgrc fc`gc Dtgan` (31,27:
6 ;,;1).
Igeagr ;
^oc Mcstrcausc D Tgrcgan` Z7 mgf Z1
MgnrgjRnfnrceggf Jg
7,439
>,:32>
MgnrgjRnfnrceggf Jh
-> :37
MgnrgjRnfnrceggf Jg
;,;199 31,271>
MgnrgjRnfnrceggf Jh
-31,27:
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= 13
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
>.;.;.;.^oc Lhndcscnf Mntnrecfgsc (Q-squgrn ) Fc`gc lhndcscf mntnrecfgsc enfufoullgf lnegepugf vgrcgan` pnfon`gs
enfon`gslgf vgrcgsc vgrcgan` tnrclgt. Anrmgsgrlgf jgsc` gfg`cscs mcpnrh`nj fc`gc lhndcscnf
mntnrecfgsc snagigc anrclut ?]gan` 7=.
Jgsc` ̂ oc Lhndcscnf Mntnrecfgsc
Ehmn` Q Q [qugrn
Gmoustnm Q
[qugrn
[tm. Nrrhr hd tjn
Nstcegtn
7 .:;>g .439 .:4: 1.=>:14
[ueanr ? Mgtg Rrcenr Mch`gj
Rgmg tgan` 7= mcgtgs, mcpnrh`nj fc`gc lhndcscnf mntnrecfgsc snansgr 2.439. Fc`gc
lhndcscnf cfc eneanrc grtc agjwg lnegepugf vgrcgan` anags ehtcvgsc (Z7) mgf mcscp`cf
(Z1) enfon`gslgf vgrcgan` tnrclgt (lcfnrog iuru) gmg`gj snansgr 43,9%, snmgfilgf
scsgfyg snansgr ;2,;% mcpnfigrujc h`nj dglthr `gcf ygfi tcmgl mcegsullgf mg`ge ehmn` pnfn`ctcgf.
>.=. Cftnrprntgsc Jgsc` Gfg`cscsAnrmgsgrlgf jgsc` gfg`cscs rnirnsc `cfcnr anrigfmg ygfi tnrsgoc pgmg tgan` 7;,
mcpnrh`nj pnrsgeggf jgsc` rnirnsc `cfcnr anrigfmg snagigc anrclut ?
S 5 73.:3: + >.219 ehtcvgsc+ 4.217 mcscp`cf + n c Rnrsgeggf jgsc` rnirnsc anrigfmg tnrsnaut mgpgt mcon`gslgf snagigc anrclut ?
7. Fc`gc lhfstgftg snansgr 73.:3:, cfc grtcfyg agjwg oclg vgrcgan` ehtcvgsc (Z7) mgfmcscp`cf (Z1) tntgp gtgu tcmgl enfig`gec pnruagjgf, eglg vgrcgan` lcfnrog iuru (S)
glgf enfig`gec pnruagjgf ygfi tntgp snansgr 73.:3: slhr.
1. Fc`gc lhndcscnf vgrcgan` ehtcvgsc (Z7) snansgr >.219, cfc grtcfyg oclg vgrcgan` anagsehtcvgsc (Z7) enfig`gec pnruagjgf phsctcd snansgr 7 slhr, eglg vgrcgan` tnrclgt
lcfnrog iuru (S) enfig`gec pnruagjgf ygfi phsctcd snansgr >.219 slhr mgf
snag`clfyg mnfigf gsuesc dglthr `gcffyg tntgp. Jgsc` cfc eneanrc grtc agjwg
ehtcvgsc iuru enfogmc sg`gj sgtu dglthr gtgu agicgf pnftcfi mg`ge enfmulufi
tnrkcptgfyg lcfnrog iuru ygfi agcl tnrutgeg mc [MF 4 [c`g Aceg.<
;. Fc`gc lhndcscnf vgrcgan` mcscp`cf (Z1) snansgr 4.217, cfc grtcfyg oclg vgrcgan` anagsmcscp`cf (Z1) enfig`gec pnruagjgf phsctcd snansgr 7 slhr, eglg vgrcgan` tnrclgt
lcfnrog iuru (S) enfig`gec pnruagjgf ygfi phsctcd snansgr 4.217 slhr mgf
snag`clfyg mnfigf gsuesc dglthr `gcffyg tntgp. Jgsc` cfc enfufoullgf agjwg dglthr
mcscp`cf `nacj mhecfgf mgrc snegfigt lnrog tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru (S) mc [MF 4 [c`g
Aceg.
TC. LN[CER^@GF MGF [GQGF4.7. Lnscepu`gf7. [nkgrg cfmcvcmu (pgrscg`) vgrcgan` ehtcvgsc (Z7) mgf mcscp`cf (Z1) enepufygc
pnfigruj ygfi scifcdclgf mgf anrgrgj phsctcd tnrjgmgp lcfnrog iuru (S) mc [MF 4 [c`g
Aceg. Jgsc` cfc eneaultclgf agjwg jcphtnscs pnfn`ctcgf ygfi mcgoulgf mgpgt
mcaultclgf
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= ;2
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
mc [MF 4 [c`g Aceg. Jgsc` cfc eneaultclgf agjwg vgrcgan` snegfigt lnrog mgf
mcscp`cf lnmugfyg pnftcfi uftul enfmhrhfi enfcfilgtfyg lcfnrog iuru [MF 4 [c`g
Aceg
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= ;7
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
Enssg Enmcg Iustc. 1272. Rnfigruj Lnmcscp`cfgf, Ehtcvgsc Lnrog, Mgf Rnrsnpsc Iuru
]nftgfi Lnpnecepcfgf Lnpg`g [nlh`gj ]nrjgmgp Lcfnrog Iuru [ELF 7
Rurwhrnoh Rgskg [nrtcdclgsc.
Rnfigwgs [nlh`gj Rnfmcmclgf Enfnfigj. 122:. Rnfc`gcgf Lcfnrog Iuru. Mcrnlthrgt]nfgig Lnpnfmcmclgf Mcrnlthrgt Onfmnrg` Rnfcfilgtgf Eutu Rnfmcmcl mgf]nfgig Lnpnfmcmclgf Mnpgrtnenf Rnfmcmclgf Fgschfg`, Oglgrtg.
Rnrgturgf Enftnrc Rnfmcmclgf Fgschfg` Fh. 7: ]gjuf 1229 ]nftgfi [nrtcdclgsc Iuru
Mg`ge Ogagtgf.
Rnrgturgf Rnenrcftgj Fh. 73 ]gjuf 122> ]nftgfi [tgfmgr Fgschfg` Rnfmcmclgf.
Qcmuwgf. 1272. An`gogr Eumgj Rnfn`ctcgf uftul Iuru, Lgrygwgf mgf Rnfn`ctc Rneu`g.
G`dgantg, Agfmufi.
[cgicgf. 7333. @gtcjgf mgf Rnfineagfigf [ueanr Mgyg Egfuscg. Egfmgr Egou,
Oglgrtg.
[cswgfth. 1222. Rsclh`hic Egfgonenf Rnfmcmclgf. Nr`gfiig, Oglgrtg.
[uicyhfh. 1221. Rrhsnmur Rnfn`ctcgf? [ugtu Rnfmnlgtgf Rrgltnl . Qcfnlg Kcptg,
Oglgrtg.
Ycmcygfcfiscj QQ. 1223. Rnfigruj Ehtcvgsc, Aumgyg Hrigfcsgsc, mgf Lhepntnfsc
]nrjgmgp Lcfnrog Lgrygwgf Dglu`tgs lnmhltnrgf ^IE Shiyglgrtg. ]nscs,
Dglu`tgs Nlhfhec, ^fcvnrsctgs Cs`ge Cfmhfnscg. ]cmgl mcpua`clgsclgf.
jttp?//www.iumgfiegtnrc.khe/1272/24/lcfnrog-mgf-lhepntnfsc-iuru.jte`
jttp?//www.arumnrdck.hr.cm/j-1;/mndcfcsc-mcscp`cf-snlh`gj.jte`jttp?//www.arumnrdck.hr.cm/j-1;/mndcfcsc-mcscp`cf-snlh`gj.jte`
www.nprcftufmcv.gk.cm.
8/15/2019 JEB-Jilid 2 Nomor 7 Des 2014-Full
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Ourfg` Nlhfhec mgf Acsfcs, Oc`cm 1 Fhehr 9, Mnsneanr 127= ;1
Rusgt Qcsnt Nlhfhec mgf Rneagfiufgf DN ^F[G
RNFIGQ^J []CE^@^[ CL@GF I^@GL^ TNQ[S KH[]^EN RGQ]S
]NQJGMGR AQGFM GYGQNFN[[ RGMG EG[SGQGLG]
LH]G EG]GQGE
H`nj ?
Qhhs Fgfg [ukcjgtc
GA[]QGL
Rnfn`ctcgf cfc anrtuougf uftul enfintgjuc gmgfyg pnfigruj ygfi scifcdclgf agcl
snkgrg pgrscg` egupuf sceu`tgf snrtg vgrcgan` egfg ygfi enec`clc pnfigruj pg`cfi
mhecfgf mgrc stceu`us cl`gf Iu`glu vnrsc Khstuen Rgrty ygctu vhckn, eusck, whrm,
pckturn, kh`hr mgf ehvnenft tnrjgmgp tnranftulfyg Argfm Gwgrnfnss pgmg
egsygrglgt mc lhtg Egtgrge. Onfcs pnfn`ctcgf cfc gmg`gj pnfn`ctcgf gshscgtcd, mnfigf phpu`gsc egsygrglgt lhtg Egtgrge. ]nljfcl sgep`cfi ygfi mciufglgf mg`ge
pnfn`ctcgf cfc anrscdgt purphscvn sgep`cfi mnfigf oue`gj sgepn` 722 rnsphfmnf.
Mnfigf tnlfcl mgf g`gt pnfiuepu`gf mgtg anrupg lunschfnr, mcpnrh`nj slhr ygfi
enfigku pgmg pnfiiufggf slg`g `clnrt. ^ftul enfintgjuc jgsc` pnrjctufigf enfurut
pnrsgeggf rnirnsc mc`glulgf uoc stgtcstcl ygctu uoc d mgf uoc t snagigc g`gt uoc jcphtnsg.
Jgsc` gfg`cscs enfufoullgf agjwg agcl snkgrg pgrscg` egupuf sceu`tgf tnrmgpgt
pnfigruj ygfi scifcdclgf gftgrg stceu`us cl`gf Iu`glu vnrsc Khstuen Rgrty,
ygctuvhckn, eusck, whrm, pckturn, kh`hr mgf ehvnenft tnrjgmgp tnranftulfyg Argfm
Gwgrnfnss pgmg egsygrglgt mc lhtg Egtgrge mnfigf vgrcgan` eusck snagigc vgrcgan`
ygfi enec`clc pnfigruj pg`cfi mhecfgf.
Lgtg Lufkc? C l`gf, Khstuen Rgrty, Argfm Gwgrnfnss
C. RNFMGJ^@^GF7.7. @gtgr An`glgfi
Rnrlneagfigf mufcg usgjg gljcr-gljcr cfc enecku sntcgp pnrusgjggf uftul tnrus
eneprhehsclgf prhmulfyg lnpgmg lhfsuenf. Rrhehsc enec`clc pnrgf ygfi tcmgl
mgpgt mcpcsgjlgf mg`ge agurgf pnegsgrgf. [ntcgp pnrusgjggf en`glulgf prhehsc
uftul enepua`clgsclgf prhmulfyg gigr pgsgr tgju enfinfgc lnanrgmggf prhmulfyg
tnrsnaut.
Rrhehsc gmg`gj lheufclgsc mgrc pnsgf ygfi mcmnsgcf pnrusgjggf uftul
tnrogmcfyg lnsgmgrgf (gwgrnfnss), ygfi lneumcgf eneanftul lntnrtgrclgf (cftnrnst )
mgf gljcrfyg en`glulgf pnean`cgf ( purkjgsn) ygfi mc`glulgf h`nj pn`gfiigf
tnrjgmgp prhmul gtgu ogsg pnrusgjggf (Lht`nr?122:). Lnsgmgrgf enrnl (argfm
gwgrnfns) enrupglgf lnegepugf snhrgfi pnean`c uftul enficmnftcdclgsc (agcl
enfinfg` egupuf enficfigt) sugtu enrnl mnfigf mntgc` tnrtnftu uftul en`glulgf
pnean`cgf (Qhssctnr, 7339?7=2). Mnfigf mneclcgf lhfsuenf tnftu glgf enec`cj sugtu
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