BUDIDAYA KELINCI
Abdul Samik
FKH-UA
Desember 2013
KEUNGGULAN KELINCI
Kelinci Ayam KambingSapi
Jml anak/th (ekor) 40 100 1.4 0,8
BB induk (kg) 4,5 3 70
500
Protein (gram) 20 16-20 - 19
Lemak(%) 6,8 13 36 32
Jenis-Jenis Kelinci
Kesenangan (Hobi) Budidaya, Kontes
Laboratorium Bulu
Angora Rex
Daging Tipe besar
BERDASARKAN UKURANNYA :
Kecil (0.9-2.7 kg)Kecil (0.9-2.7 kg)1.1. American Fuzzy LopAmerican Fuzzy Lop2.2. Britannia PetiteBritannia Petite3.3. DutchDutch4.4. Dwarf HototDwarf Hotot5.5. Florida whiteFlorida white6.6. Havana Havana 7.7. HimalayanHimalayan8.8. Holland LopHolland Lop
9. Jersey wolly10. Mini Lop11. Mini Rex 11. Mini Rex 12. Netherland Dwarf 12. Netherland Dwarf 13. Polish 13. Polish 14. Silver14. Silver15. Tan15. Tan
Sedang (2.7-4.1kg)Sedang (2.7-4.1kg)1. American Sable 1. American Sable 7. Lilac 7. Lilac 2. Belgian Hare 2. Belgian Hare 8. Rex 8. Rex 3. English angora 3. English angora 9. Rhinelander 9. Rhinelander 4. English Spot 4. English Spot 10. Satin Angora 10. Satin Angora 5. French angora 5. French angora 11. Silver Marten 11. Silver Marten 6. Harlequin 6. Harlequin 12. Standard 12. Standard
Chinchilla Chinchilla
Besar (4.1-Besar (4.1-5kg)5kg)
1. American 1. American 2. American Chinchilla 2. American Chinchilla 3. Beveren 3. Beveren 4. Californian 4. Californian 5. Champagne d'Argent 5. Champagne d'Argent 6. Cinnamon 6. Cinnamon 7. Creme d'Argent 7. Creme d'Argent 8. English Lop 8. English Lop 9. Giant Angora 9. Giant Angora
10. Hotot 10. Hotot 11. New Zealand 11. New Zealand 12. Palomino 12. Palomino 13. Satin 13. Satin 14. Silver Fox 14. Silver Fox
Raksasa (lebih dari Raksasa (lebih dari 5kg)5kg)
1.1. Checkered Giant,Checkered Giant,
2. Flemish Giant (Patagonian),2. Flemish Giant (Patagonian),
3. French Lop3. French Lop
4. Giant Chinchilla 4. Giant Chinchilla
KEGUNAAN
1. Daging
protein tinggi
cholesterol rendah
lemak rendah
2. Penelitian
produksi antibodi
studi reproduksi
penelitian penyakit manusia
3. Bulu
- Normal- Rex- Angora- Satin
4. Kesayangan
JENIS-JENIS KELINCI
45 Jenis
5 kelas utama
minikecilsedangbesargiant
Kandang dan Perlengkapan
Kandang cukup lebar untuk pergerakan kelinci
Kandang terbuat dr kawat
Lantai kandang terbuat dari kayu yg kuat
Perawatan Tahan thd suhu
dingin Tdk tahan thd
suhu panas Membutuhkan
udara bebas bergerak
Block drafts in cold weather
Jenis pakan :
Hijauan : rumput lapangan, limbah sayuran,
daun turi, daun lamtoro, dll. Hay (rumput kering) : rumput gajah, setaria,
pucuk tebu, dll. Biji – bijian : jagung, sorgum, kacang hijau. Umbi – umbian : wortel,ubi jalar, singkong. Konsentrat : pellet (pakan buatan dari
dari pabrik), bekatul, dll.
Pemberian pakan
Sistem ad libitum : pemberian pakan selalu tersedia Sistem restriction : pemberian pakan yg disediakan scr terbatasKebiasaan Kelinci Coprophage/caecotrophy : memakan kotoran sendiri. Fur eating habit : menggigit dan memakan bulunya
sendiri/ kayu tmp sangkarnya.
Tujuan menyusun ransum kelinci
memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi ternak kelinci agar produksi optimal keuntungan optimal
Syarat memahami kebutuhan zat-zat nutrisi kelinci
(feeding standard) memahami komposisi kimia bahan mampu merangkum bahan
Pemilihan bahan :
- mudah didapat- murah harganya- tidak bersaing dengan keperluan manusia- terjamin ketersediaannya- baik kualitasnya
Jumlah pemberian konsentrat : - Pertumbuhan,penggemukan,pejantan : 50 gr. - induk bunting : 70 gr. - induk menyusui : 150 – 200 gr. - + rumput lapangan ad lib.
Jumlah pemberian konsentrat :
- Pertumbuhan,penggemukan,pejantan :
50 gr.
- induk bunting : 70 gr.
- induk menyusui : 150 – 200 gr.
- + rumput lapangan ad lib.
PAKAN
Tempat pakan terbuat dr stainles
Tempat minum bentuk ember atau botol
Pakan komersial (pelet)
Jangan terlalu banyak makan selada hijau
Jangan terlalu banyak memberi pakan sayur atau buah
Coprophagy
PAKAN KELINCI
Rumput kering Jagung Gandum Tepung gandum wortel Apel Buncis Pisang Nanas
Handling
Jangan dipegang telinganya
Gunakan baju lengan panjang
Pegang dg lembut
ISTILAH Jantan: Buck
Betina: Doe
Muda: Bunny
Anak: Kit
Group: Herd
REPRODUKSI Pubertas: 5-8 bln Betina butuh sinar
lampu slm 16 jam/hr untuk proses reproduksi
Betina dibawa kekandang jantan pd saat kawin (tdk sebaliknya)
Kebuntingan: 30-32 hr
Doe merontokkan bulu untuk membuat sarang
Tinggalkan doe sendiri pd saat melahirkan
Sapih: 4-8 mgg
PENYAKIT KELINCI
Enteritis
Peradangan pd saluran usus
Menyebabkan kematian pd kelinci
Disebabkan oleh bakteri dan sanitasi yg tdk baik
Gejala: tdk mau makan. Minum air terlalu banyak
Kematian terjadi 4-7 hr stl infeksi
Pengobatan dg antibiotik broad-spectrum
Snuffles
Disebabkan oleh Pasteurella multocida
Gejala: bersin dg keluar ingus
Muncul pd hwn yg stres
Wry Neck
Kepala melintir kesalah satu sisi
Disebabkan oleh Pasteurella multocida
Pengobatan: antibiotics
Kutu telinga
Parasit eksternal Mengeleng-
gelengkan kepala, mengaruk-garuk telinga
Pengobatan: mineral oil untuk telinga atau obat tetes telinga
JENIS-JENIS KELINCI
American Chinchilla
Great for Meat Very Popular Great Pets Docile nature Need to be
protected from cold, drafts, wind, snow and rain.
American Sable
American Sable is a rich sepia brown color with brown eyes.
Weights Sr. Buck-8 pounds
Weight Sr. Does - 9 pounds
American
The American Blue Rabbit comes from Pasadena, Calif.
Intended as a meat and fur rabbit
Bucks weigh 9 pounds
Does weigh 10 pounds
Californian
Developed in the USA in 1920’s
Rapid maturing Meat breed High Quality Fur Crossed between
Himalayan and Chinchilla rabbit breeds.
Weight 7-15 pounds
Champagne d’Argent
Sr. Bucks weigh 10 pounds
Sr. Does weigh 10-11 pounds.
Adult color is bluish white body with black hairs with darker nose and muzzle, brown eyes
Cinnamon
American breed of rabbits - developed in Montana.
Commercial breeding rabbit weighing 8.5 - 11 pounds.
Rich, russet dark brown color - deep cinnamon.
Dwarf Hotot
Original home was Germany.
Crossbred from Netherlands Dwarf and Dutch.
Small and Compact, stocky, docile little rabbit
Average weight-2.5 pounds
Dutch
Black Dutch most common. Other colors include Blue, Chocolate, Gray, Steel, Tortoise.
White shoulders are distinguishing mark
Well rounded body Blaze on face-
wedge shaped.
English Angora
Average size 5.5 pounds.
Colors: lilac, chocolate, white, fawn, chestnut, broken black, blue,
Fur type rabbit.
French Angora
Average Weight 7.5 to 8 pounds
Good wool producers Dual Purpose, wood
and meat. All toenails should be
matched. Colors-variety of
colors including white, solids, or brokens
Flemish Giant
Colors: Black, blue, fawn, light gray, sandy, steel, gray, and white.
Sr. Bucks weigh 13 pounds or over
Sr. Does weigh 14 pounds or over.
French Lop
Color Groups: Agouti, Broken, self, shaded, ticked, wide band.
Classifications-broken pattern or solid pattern.
Sr. bucks-10.5 pounds
Sr. Does-11 pounds
Florida White
Excellent Meat rabbit
Pure white color Pink eyes Sr. Bucks & Does
- 5 pounds Jr. Bucks & Does
- up to 4.5 pounds.
American Fuzzy Lop
Color Groups: Agouti, Broken, Pointed White, Self, Shaded, Wide Band.
Classifications-Broken & Solid pattern
Sr. Bucks - 3.5 lbs. Sr. Does - 3.75 lbs.
Giant Angora
Fur Type Rabbit Colors: Ruby
Eyed White Sr. Bucks - 9.5
lbs. Sr. Does - 10 lbs.
Giant Chinchilla
Chinchilla color with brown eyes.
Sr. Bucks - 12-15 pounds.
Sr. Does - 13-16 pounds.
Meat Type rabbit
Havana
Colors: Black, Blue and Chocolate
Sr. Bucks & Does - 5.25 - 5.5 pounds
Jr. Bucks & Does- minimum 2.5 pounds.
Himalayan
Small Size , gentle nature
Ideal for children Colors: Black, Blue,
chocolate, and lilac Sr. Bucks & Does -
3.5 pounds Jr. Bucks & Does-
minimum 1.25 lbs.
Holland Lop
Round head with flat face.
Short lop ears. Many Color
Groups Sr. Buck & Does
up to 4 pounds. Jr. Bucks & Does
up to 2 pounds
Harlequin
Groups include: Japanese, Magpie
Color varieties: Black, blue,chocolate, and lilac.
Sr. Bucks - 7.5 lbs. Sr. Does - 8 lbs.
English Lop
Very tolerant and affectionate animal
Ears must measure 21” from tip to tip to be shown.
Ears problems a key factor to health-scapes.
Sr. Bucks & Does -9 to 10 lbs.
Mini Satin
Color varieties: white with light ivory cast and pink eyes.
Sr. Bucks & Does - 4 pounds.
Mini Lop
Very gentle handling, docile breed
Chubby faces, lopped ears, compact body.
Solid and broken Sr. Bucks & Does
- 6 pounds.
Mini Rex
Small, compact type breed.
Fur-plush and velvety.
Colors-black, blue, castor, chocolate, lilac, lynx, opal, seal, tortoise, white, red sable, otter, sand,
Weight - up to 4 lbs.
Netherlands Dwarf
Small, compact rabbit, round head and body.
They come in 29 color varieties.
Sr. Bucks & Does up to 2 pounds.
New Zealand
Meat Rabbits Color Varieties:
Black, Red and White.
Sr. Bucks - 10 lbs. Sr. Does - 11 lbs. Very hardy,
popular meat breed.
Polish
Originated In England and Germany.
Small and Compact Colors: black, blue,
broken, chocolate, blue-eyed white, ruby-eyed white.
Sr. Buck & Doe - 2.5 lbs.
Palomino
Color varieties: Golden, and lynx
Sr. Buck - 9 pounds
Sr. Doe - 10 pounds
Meaty breed
Rex
All purpose breed; excellent carcass and excellent FUR.
No other fur compares
Change colors with maturity.
Many colors Sr. Buck - 8 lbs Sr. Doe - 9 lbs
Rhinelander
Colors: White body with black and bright golden - orange spots, with brown eyes.
Sr. Bucks - 8 lbs. Sr. Does - 8.5 lbs.
Satin
Excellent breed to raise and show.
Ex. meat breed Hair reflects light and
gives it unique shine. Colors: black, blue,
broken, chinchilla, chocolate, copper, otter, red, siamese
Size - average 9-10 lbs.
Standard Chinchilla
Color: Chinchilla wih any eye colcor but pink. BROWN eyes is preferred.
Sr. Buck - 6 lbs. Sr. Doe - 6.5 lbs.
Silver
Small Breed weighing about 4-7 lbs. Average is 5-6 pounds.
Very athletic and active.
Colors: black, brown, and fawn
English SpotEnglish Spot
English SpotEnglish Spot
English LopEnglish Lop
French LopFrench Lop
Holland LopHolland Lop
Mini LopMini Lop
DUTCH
New Zealand White
Florida WhiteFlorida White
CIRI-CIRI :
-Populer/disukai masyarakat
-Warna putih, mata merah
-Bersifat jinak
-Pertumbuhan cepat, tanpa lemak
-Pada umur 58 hr : 1,8 kg
-50 ekor/th
Flemish Giant
Giant Chinchilla
Standard ChinchillaStandard Chinchilla
KELINCI AMERIKA
1. American
2. AMERICAN CHINCILLA2. AMERICAN CHINCILLA
3.American Fuzzy Lop
4. American Sable
KELINCI ANGORA
1. English Angora
2. French Angora2. French Angora
3. Satin Angora3. Satin Angora
4. Giant Angora4. Giant Angora
CALIFORNIAN
CIRI-CIRI :
- Warna putih, kecuali telinga, ujung kaki dan hidung
-Bersifat produktif
- Pertumbuhan cepat
KELINCI HITAM
HavanaHavana
PolishPolish
Budidaya Kelinci Pedaging
Pemilihan jenis kelinci Manajemen :
Kandang Pakan Perkawinan kesehatan Pemasaran
Pemilihan Jenis Kelinci
Kebutuhan daging Putih Pertulangan bagus
Jumlah anak 8-10 anak
Kesukaan pribadi
3 jenis kelinci pedaging terpopuler
New Zealand (putih)
Californian
Florida White
Manajemen
Mengenal kelinci Tingkah laku Normal
Temp. 103.1 00 F Detak jantung 180-350 kali/menit Pernapasan 40-65 kali/menit
Kandang Sanitas Suhu Individu-kelompok Tipe :
Panggung Slants Susun
Panggung/menggantung
Susun + Kipas pengatur suhu
Kartu catatan
Peralatan sanitasi
Pakan Perlu air bersih dan
segar Pellets
Makanan pd umumnya
Hay tdk biasa Pakan untuk tipe
pedaging Hay dan biji-bijian
Pakan untuk Ternak Pedaging
Sapi Domba Babi Ayam Kelinci
6-8 lbs feed/lb gain
4 lbs feed/lb gain
2.5-3 lbs feed/lb gain
2 lbs feed/lb gain
4 lbs feed/lb gain
Perkawinan Kartu catatan Ovulsi tergertak Kebuntingan = 31-33 hari Cara perkawinan
Bawa betina ke jantan Diagnosis kebuntingan pd hr 10-16: palpasi Hari 28: boks sarang Hari 31-33: melahirkan
Pasca kelahiran Jumlah anak Ambil anak yg mati 15-21 hr stl lahir, boks sarang diambil Anak disapih umur 30 hr, induk kawin
kembali Bunting 5 kali/th
Kesehatan Sanitasi Pasteurellosis multocida Parasit eksternal
Kutu Caplak Pinjang
Parasit internal Cacing
Kandungan Nutrisi
DAGING PROTEIN LEMAK KALORI
Kelinci 20.8 10.25 795
Ayam 20.0 11.0 810
Anak sapi 18.8 14.0 910
Kalkun 20.1 22.2 1190
Sapo 16.3 28.0 1440
Domba 15.7 27.7 1420
Babi 11.9 45.0 2050
MODAL AWAL
1 . Kandang & perlengkapanya Rp 450.000 – Rp 600.000 2 . Pembelian 5 ekor bibit indukan siap kawin @ Rp 300.000 = Rp 1.500.000 3 . Obat-obatan & vitamin Rp 50.000
Total modal awal = Rp 2.000.000
PENDAPATAN :
1 . 4 induk betina x 6 anakan x 8 masa panen / 2 tahun = 192 ekor192 ekor x Rp 62.500 ( bobot 2,5 kg ) = Rp 12.000.0002 . 5 induk afkir x ( 4 kg x Rp 25.000 ) = Rp 500.000
Total pendapatan dari 1 paket indukan (1 jantan 4 betina ) selama 2 tahun adalah Rp 12.000.000 + Rp 500.000 = Rp 12.500.000
KEUNTUNGAN :
Untung = Pendapatan – Modal awal= Rp 12.500.000 – Rp 2.000.000= Rp 10.500.000
BIAYA OPERASIONAL
Kalau hanya memiliki induk 5 ekor, pakan sehari-hari cukup diberi rumput. Jika Anda di lingkungan kota/padat penduduk yang kesulitan mendapatkan pakan bisa menggunakan alternative pakan selain rumput antara lain konsentrat, pellet, ampas tahu maupun alternative pakan lainnya yang tentunya harganya ekonomis dan aman bagi kelinci.
Keterangan :
4 induk betina menghasilkan 6 ekor anak kelinci ( 4 – 12 ekor anak / kelahiran, standart 8 ekor sesuai jumlah puting induk kelinci ). Masa Panen dalam 2 tahun adalah 8 x , Masa kebuntingan kelinci 28-35 hari , masa sapih 45 hari. Masa pembesaran hingga minggu ke 17 setelah kelahiran. Harga kelinci hidup Rp 25.000 / kg ( berat minimal 2,5 kg ).