PEMANFAATAN BIOFUEL SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR
ALTERNATIF
Unggul PriyantoPTPSE-BPPT
World Peak-Oil & Proyeksi Produksi Indonesia
UNCERTAINTY DEPLETION
Potensi Energi Fosil Tahun 2005
19,3 miliar ton
185.8 TSCF
9.1 miliarbarel*)
CADANGAN
146132 juta ton58 miliar tonBatubara
622.95 TSCF384.7 TSCFGas
23 387 jutabarel
86.9 miliarbarelMinyak
RASIO CAD/PROD
(TAHUN)PRODUKSISUMBER
DAYA
JENIS ENERGI FOSIL
*) Termasuk blok Cepu
9.29 GW
4.80 kWh/m2/hari
49.81 GW
0.45 GW
27.00 GW
75.67 GW
SETARA
* Hanya di daerah Kalan - Kalbar
24.112 ton* e.q. 3 GW untuk 11 tahunUranium (Nuklir)
0.0005 GW9.29 GWTenaga Angin
0.008 GW-Tenaga Surya
0.3 GW49.81 GWBiomass
0.084 GW0.45 GWMini/Micro Hydro
0.8 GW219.00 juta BOEPanas Bumi
4.2 GW845.00 juta BOETenaga Air
KAPASITAS TERPASANGSUMBER DAYA
ENERGINON FOSIL
Potensi Energi Non Fosil Tahun 2005
Kebijakan Energi Nasional
Energy Targets 2025 based on Presidential Decree 5, 2006
Nuclear BiomassHydroSolarwindCoal Liquifaction
Gas30%
Coal33%
Oil20%
Biofuel 5%
Geothermal 5%
others7%
Biofuel will become at least 5%
of the total National Energy MIX 2025Bio-fuel 5 %
Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro, Solar, Wind 5 %
Coal Liquefaction 2 %
Geothermal 5 %
STRATEGI TRIPLE TRACK DALAM KERANGKA PENGEMBANGAN BBN
StrategiTriple Track
Meningkatkanpertumbuhan ekonomi
Menurunkan jumlahpengangguran
Mengurangikemiskinan
PENGEMBANGAN
BBN
Pro-Growth
Pro-Job
Pro-Poor
PEMANFAATAN BIOFUELSEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF
In accordance with type of plant it is made of and the way it is processed , there are three types of biofuel namely ,
1. Bio Ethanol2. Bio Diesel3. Pure Plant Oil
Definitions & TypesBiofuel
Biofuel didefinisikan bahan bakar hayati, daritumbuh-tumbuhan atau hewani.
The chemical and physical properties of biofuelclosely resemble to those of fossil fuel.
5-20%
Crude bio-oil
Biodiesel
Solar/ diesel oilBioSolar
Diesel Engine: car, Genset
Coconut
palm Jathropa
PURE PLANT OIL(PPO ) and BIODIESEL
Raw materials for Biofuel
BIOETHANOL
Methanol+
Cassava mollases
Hydrolysis + Fermentation
Bioethanol ( 9% )
Dihedration
Bioethanol ( FG )
Gasolin Engine
PremiumBioPremium
5-20%
Lignoselulosa
Pure Plant Oil
diesel oil
Development of Bioethanol plant at BPPTDevelopment and engineering of prototype plant for bioethanol at BPPT is carried out in Balai Besar Teknologi Pati ( Center for Cassava Technology ) in ,Sulusuban , Lampung
This center has carried out research , development & engineering for application of bioethanol as afuel since almost a quarter of century ago
Bioethanol Plant with Cassava as raw material
Hydrolysis unit
Fermentation unit
Distilationunit
Dehydration unit
Mashing unit
Pengolahan Bahan baku
Proses Hidrolisis
Proses Fermentasi
ProsesDistilasi
bubur
Ubi kayu
Gula
Pereduksi(Glukosa)
Ubi kayu
Bioetanol
10 %Bioetanol
95-96 %
Proses Dehidrasi
FGE(99,5%)
MolassesTebu
Proses Produksi FGE
Enzim amilaseKhamir
TahapanTahapan prosesproses ::Pretreament :
Pencucian, penghancuranHidrolisis secara enzimatis (enzim amilase)
pati terkonversi menjadi gula sederhana
Fermentasi :Menggunakan KhamirKonversi gula menjadi bioetanolProses : batch
Semi sinambungSinambung
Distilasi :Bioetanol 9 ~ 13% Bioetanol 95 %
Dehidrasi :Bioetanol 95% Bioetanol > 99,5%
Bahan bergula
Bahan berpati
Biomass
Cellulose+
Hemicellulose+
Lignin
Hydrolysis
glucose
Xylose
Fermentation
CrudeEthanol
Ethanol
Lignin+
Waste
Fermentasi Etanol dari Bahan Berselulosa
Masalah :
• Mikroba yang umum digunakan (yeast) hanya mampumemfermentasi glukosa menjadi etanol tapi tidak untukXylose
Perlu dicari mikroba baru yang mampu
• Ikatan antara cellulose, hemicellulose dan lignin sukarDihidrolisis (dipecahkan) secara enzimatis Proses mahal
Perolehan etanol dari berbagai bahan mentah
*) 2½ kali panen per tahun.
781212562,5*)Ubi jalar
450018025Singkong
50256775Tebu
Liter/ha/thnLiter/ton
Perolehan alkoholHasil panen, ton/ha/thn
Sumber karbohidrat
Konversi Biomasa Menjadi Bioetanol
4:1250500Tetes 1000
12:190120-160Sagu 1000
2.5:1400600-700Jagung 1000
8:1125150-200Ubi Jalar 1000
6.5:1166.6250-300Ubi Kayu 1000
Biomasa:
Bioetanol
Jumlah Hasil Bioetanol (L)
KandunganGula (Kg)
Biomasa (Kg)
27,3827,3831,0331,0331,2431,2430,3930,39Fuel Consumption Fuel Consumption (L/jam)(L/jam)
180418041393,81393,81913,31913,31856,11856,1Force (N)Force (N)40,0940,0930,9730,9742,5242,5241,2341,23Power (kW)Power (kW)
PertamaxPertamaxPremiumPremiumGasoholGasohol EE--2020GasoholGasohol EE--1010Bahan BakarBahan BakarPengujiandalam keadaan“idle”
2.002.041.28Nox (gr/km)0.400.330.38THC (gr/km)5.773.105.00CO (gr/km)
PertamaxPertamaxGasohol EGasohol E--1010PremiumPremiumParameterParameter
Hasil Hasil UjiUji EmisiEmisi KendaraanKendaraan BermotorBermotor
Lab Scale biodieselproduction (400 L)
Engineering design and fabrication of Biodiesel pilot plant , capacity 1.5 ton /day(Modularised, skid mounted and movable)
EPC Pilot Plant Biodieselcapacity 8 ton/ day
EPC Pilot Plant BiodieselCap. 3 ton/day , for field trial in Desa Mandiri
Basic Design and Engineering Biodiesel Plant Cap. 100 ton/ day
Development of BioDiesel Plant at BPPTDevelopment of prototype plant for Biodiesel are carried out step by strep at BPPT
Coops BPPT – PemdaRiau , targeted operation Dec 2006
Mechanism of Transesterification Reaction
6.5 KgGlycerin
58 Kg Biodiesel
0.60KgNaOH
6.78 Kg Alcohol
60 Kg Oil
CH2-OH
CH2-OH
CH-OH
glycerol
CH2-OOC-R1
CH -OOC-R2
CH2-OOC-R3
+ 3R’OH
R1-COO-R’
R2-COO- R’
R3-COO- R’+
Catalyst
At Temp 60 to 70˚C
Triglyceride + Alcohol Esters +
Rantai Produksi Biodiesel
Preparation
Washing
DistillationPurification
CPO/CPO/JarakJarak
Methanol
Katalis
Methanol
Produk
Drying
GlycerolProduk samping
Trans-esterification
BIODIESEL
PabrikEkstraksiJarak
PabrikKelapaSawit
Perkebunan Ekstraksi Pabrik Biodiesel
Application of Biodiesel for Transportation System
Product spesificTest
socialization Laboratory TestRoad Test
Process production & Automation
Product Compliance to SNI
Various raw materials :
CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)CPO off grade (FFA 5-20 %)Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)RBDPORBDPSUsed Cooking OilJatropha Oil
Laboratory and field testing on automotive systems at BPPT
Road test for B-30 with range distance of 2000 km and 20.000 km
Operational Test & Evaluation carried out using B-10 for 23 BPPT operational bus , since 2004
Palm nutsPalm Oil Milling Plant Crude
Palm Oil (CPO)
CPO Refinery Plant
DIESEL Power Plant
Refined Palm Oil as Fuel
Process Heat
Waste:Palm nut shellPalm kernel cake
By product : FFA (5-6% of CPO fed) > for sale
Pemanfaatan Minyak Sawit/Pure Palm Oil sebagaiBahan Bakar
Uji Coba Pengaruh Kecepatan Mesin terhadap Power mesin untuk PPO 10% vs Solar
* Di uji oleh BTMP-BPPT
Attachment 1a - Performance Comparison
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3750 4000 4250
Engine Speed (rpm)
Pow
er (P
S)
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
Torq
ue (k
g.m
)
Power-NABATI. Power-SOLAR Torque-NABATI. Torque-SOLAR.
Uji Coba PPO 50-80% di PLTDMedium Speed
LOKASI PEMBANGKIT: PLTD TALANG PADANG
Data Teknis.
Daya terpasang : 270 KWCylinder : 6Cylinder bore : 200 mmStroke : 240 mmFiring order :1-5-3-6-2-4-1 Engine speed : 750 rpmOperation year : 1982
Spesific Fuel Consumption vs KWh pada Uji Coba di PLTDTalang Padang
Pengaruh Break Horse Power Terhadap Spesific Fuel Consumption
0.3215
0.293
0.295
0.3205
0.297
0.3
0.304
0.32
0.29
0.295
0.3
0.305
0.31
0.315
0.32
0.325
90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 (Kwh)
L/K
wh
Solar 100%, T= 40 C, visk= 3,86 cstSolar 90% + PPO 10%, T=40 C, Visk= 4,68 cstSolar 50% + PPO 50%, T= 70 C, Visk= 5,8 cst
Hasil Test Emisi pada PLTD
Gas Analizer-10,4212.93%Karbon
Dioksida (CO2)4
Gas Analizer-2,93.46ppmKarbon
Monoksida (CO)3
Spektrofotometrik8001,160.53mg/m3Sulfur Dioksida
(SO2)2
Spektrofotometrik100032.626.5mg/m3Nitrogen
Dioksida (NO2)1
MENLH/3/1995
PPO 50%HSD
Kep-13 MetodaAnalisa
Alat
Buku MutuMesin 3
SatuanParameter AnalisisNo
Uji Coba PPO sebagaiBio-kerosene
Kompor Sumbu Kompor Tekan
Blending PPO 10%, Kerosin 90% Blending PPO 75%, Kerosin 25%
KENDALA
Alternatif pembiayaanAnggaran Pemerintah (Pusat
& Daerah); Investasiasing
Tidak masuknyaJarakpagar dalamskema pembiayaanperbankan
6. PENDANAAN
Daya saing industrilebih baik
Diversifikasi ke produk non subsidi & subsidi silanguntuk BBM bersubsidi
Fluktuasi harga CPO diatas MOPS; 5. PASAR & NIAGA
Memberi iklim investasilebih baik; memberi nilaitambah di dalamnegeri
Industri pupuk & methanol baru (termasuk di LN)
Pupuk & Methanol (untukBio-diesel)
4. SARANA & PRASARANA
Daya saing industrilebih baik
Fasilitasi agar industri hilirmengembangan hulu; re-stripping process, diversifikasi produk, green diesel
Industri tidak terintegrasihulu-hilir; pilihanteknologi proses & produk
3. TEKNOLOGI & BUDIDAYA
Memberi iklim investasilebih baik; memberi nilaitambah di dalamnegeri
Proses perijinan dibatasiwaktu penyelesaiannya
Tiadanya jadwalpenyelesaian prosesperijinan perolehanlahan
2. LAHAN
KETERANGANUSULANKENDALAKELOMPOK
Thank You….