PEMANFAATAN BIOFUEL SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR

ALTERNATIF

Unggul PriyantoPTPSE-BPPT

World Peak-Oil & Proyeksi Produksi Indonesia

UNCERTAINTY DEPLETION

Potensi Energi Fosil Tahun 2005

19,3 miliar ton

185.8 TSCF

9.1 miliarbarel*)

CADANGAN

146132 juta ton58 miliar tonBatubara

622.95 TSCF384.7 TSCFGas

23 387 jutabarel

86.9 miliarbarelMinyak

RASIO CAD/PROD

(TAHUN)PRODUKSISUMBER

DAYA

JENIS ENERGI FOSIL

*) Termasuk blok Cepu

9.29 GW

4.80 kWh/m2/hari

49.81 GW

0.45 GW

27.00 GW

75.67 GW

SETARA

* Hanya di daerah Kalan - Kalbar

24.112 ton* e.q. 3 GW untuk 11 tahunUranium (Nuklir)

0.0005 GW9.29 GWTenaga Angin

0.008 GW-Tenaga Surya

0.3 GW49.81 GWBiomass

0.084 GW0.45 GWMini/Micro Hydro

0.8 GW219.00 juta BOEPanas Bumi

4.2 GW845.00 juta BOETenaga Air

KAPASITAS TERPASANGSUMBER DAYA

ENERGINON FOSIL

Potensi Energi Non Fosil Tahun 2005

Kebijakan Energi Nasional

Energy Targets 2025 based on Presidential Decree 5, 2006

Nuclear BiomassHydroSolarwindCoal Liquifaction

Gas30%

Coal33%

Oil20%

Biofuel 5%

Geothermal 5%

others7%

Biofuel will become at least 5%

of the total National Energy MIX 2025Bio-fuel 5 %

Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro, Solar, Wind 5 %

Coal Liquefaction 2 %

Geothermal 5 %

STRATEGI TRIPLE TRACK DALAM KERANGKA PENGEMBANGAN BBN

StrategiTriple Track

Meningkatkanpertumbuhan ekonomi

Menurunkan jumlahpengangguran

Mengurangikemiskinan

PENGEMBANGAN

BBN

Pro-Growth

Pro-Job

Pro-Poor

PEMANFAATAN BIOFUELSEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF

In accordance with type of plant it is made of and the way it is processed , there are three types of biofuel namely ,

1. Bio Ethanol2. Bio Diesel3. Pure Plant Oil

Definitions & TypesBiofuel

Biofuel didefinisikan bahan bakar hayati, daritumbuh-tumbuhan atau hewani.

The chemical and physical properties of biofuelclosely resemble to those of fossil fuel.

5-20%

Crude bio-oil

Biodiesel

Solar/ diesel oilBioSolar

Diesel Engine: car, Genset

Coconut

palm Jathropa

PURE PLANT OIL(PPO ) and BIODIESEL

Raw materials for Biofuel

BIOETHANOL

Methanol+

Cassava mollases

Hydrolysis + Fermentation

Bioethanol ( 9% )

Dihedration

Bioethanol ( FG )

Gasolin Engine

PremiumBioPremium

5-20%

Lignoselulosa

Pure Plant Oil

diesel oil

Development of Bioethanol plant at BPPTDevelopment and engineering of prototype plant for bioethanol at BPPT is carried out in Balai Besar Teknologi Pati ( Center for Cassava Technology ) in ,Sulusuban , Lampung

This center has carried out research , development & engineering for application of bioethanol as afuel since almost a quarter of century ago

Bioethanol Plant with Cassava as raw material

Hydrolysis unit

Fermentation unit

Distilationunit

Dehydration unit

Mashing unit

Pengolahan Bahan baku

Proses Hidrolisis

Proses Fermentasi

ProsesDistilasi

bubur

Ubi kayu

Gula

Pereduksi(Glukosa)

Ubi kayu

Bioetanol

10 %Bioetanol

95-96 %

Proses Dehidrasi

FGE(99,5%)

MolassesTebu

Proses Produksi FGE

Enzim amilaseKhamir

TahapanTahapan prosesproses ::Pretreament :

Pencucian, penghancuranHidrolisis secara enzimatis (enzim amilase)

pati terkonversi menjadi gula sederhana

Fermentasi :Menggunakan KhamirKonversi gula menjadi bioetanolProses : batch

Semi sinambungSinambung

Distilasi :Bioetanol 9 ~ 13% Bioetanol 95 %

Dehidrasi :Bioetanol 95% Bioetanol > 99,5%

Bahan bergula

Bahan berpati

Biomass

Cellulose+

Hemicellulose+

Lignin

Hydrolysis

glucose

Xylose

Fermentation

CrudeEthanol

Ethanol

Lignin+

Waste

Fermentasi Etanol dari Bahan Berselulosa

Masalah :

• Mikroba yang umum digunakan (yeast) hanya mampumemfermentasi glukosa menjadi etanol tapi tidak untukXylose

Perlu dicari mikroba baru yang mampu

• Ikatan antara cellulose, hemicellulose dan lignin sukarDihidrolisis (dipecahkan) secara enzimatis Proses mahal

Perolehan etanol dari berbagai bahan mentah

*) 2½ kali panen per tahun.

781212562,5*)Ubi jalar

450018025Singkong

50256775Tebu

Liter/ha/thnLiter/ton

Perolehan alkoholHasil panen, ton/ha/thn

Sumber karbohidrat

Konversi Biomasa Menjadi Bioetanol

4:1250500Tetes 1000

12:190120-160Sagu 1000

2.5:1400600-700Jagung 1000

8:1125150-200Ubi Jalar 1000

6.5:1166.6250-300Ubi Kayu 1000

Biomasa:

Bioetanol

Jumlah Hasil Bioetanol (L)

KandunganGula (Kg)

Biomasa (Kg)

27,3827,3831,0331,0331,2431,2430,3930,39Fuel Consumption Fuel Consumption (L/jam)(L/jam)

180418041393,81393,81913,31913,31856,11856,1Force (N)Force (N)40,0940,0930,9730,9742,5242,5241,2341,23Power (kW)Power (kW)

PertamaxPertamaxPremiumPremiumGasoholGasohol EE--2020GasoholGasohol EE--1010Bahan BakarBahan BakarPengujiandalam keadaan“idle”

2.002.041.28Nox (gr/km)0.400.330.38THC (gr/km)5.773.105.00CO (gr/km)

PertamaxPertamaxGasohol EGasohol E--1010PremiumPremiumParameterParameter

Hasil Hasil UjiUji EmisiEmisi KendaraanKendaraan BermotorBermotor

Lab Scale biodieselproduction (400 L)

Engineering design and fabrication of Biodiesel pilot plant , capacity 1.5 ton /day(Modularised, skid mounted and movable)

EPC Pilot Plant Biodieselcapacity 8 ton/ day

EPC Pilot Plant BiodieselCap. 3 ton/day , for field trial in Desa Mandiri

Basic Design and Engineering Biodiesel Plant Cap. 100 ton/ day

Development of BioDiesel Plant at BPPTDevelopment of prototype plant for Biodiesel are carried out step by strep at BPPT

Coops BPPT – PemdaRiau , targeted operation Dec 2006

Mechanism of Transesterification Reaction

6.5 KgGlycerin

58 Kg Biodiesel

0.60KgNaOH

6.78 Kg Alcohol

60 Kg Oil

CH2-OH

CH2-OH

CH-OH

glycerol

CH2-OOC-R1

CH -OOC-R2

CH2-OOC-R3

+ 3R’OH

R1-COO-R’

R2-COO- R’

R3-COO- R’+

Catalyst

At Temp 60 to 70˚C

Triglyceride + Alcohol Esters +

Rantai Produksi Biodiesel

Preparation

Washing

DistillationPurification

CPO/CPO/JarakJarak

Methanol

Katalis

Methanol

Produk

Drying

GlycerolProduk samping

Trans-esterification

BIODIESEL

PabrikEkstraksiJarak

PabrikKelapaSawit

Perkebunan Ekstraksi Pabrik Biodiesel

Application of Biodiesel for Transportation System

Product spesificTest

socialization Laboratory TestRoad Test

Process production & Automation

Product Compliance to SNI

Various raw materials :

CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)CPO off grade (FFA 5-20 %)Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)RBDPORBDPSUsed Cooking OilJatropha Oil

Laboratory and field testing on automotive systems at BPPT

Road test for B-30 with range distance of 2000 km and 20.000 km

Operational Test & Evaluation carried out using B-10 for 23 BPPT operational bus , since 2004

Palm nutsPalm Oil Milling Plant Crude

Palm Oil (CPO)

CPO Refinery Plant

DIESEL Power Plant

Refined Palm Oil as Fuel

Process Heat

Waste:Palm nut shellPalm kernel cake

By product : FFA (5-6% of CPO fed) > for sale

Pemanfaatan Minyak Sawit/Pure Palm Oil sebagaiBahan Bakar

Uji Coba Pengaruh Kecepatan Mesin terhadap Power mesin untuk PPO 10% vs Solar

* Di uji oleh BTMP-BPPT

Attachment 1a - Performance Comparison

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3750 4000 4250

Engine Speed (rpm)

Pow

er (P

S)

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

Torq

ue (k

g.m

)

Power-NABATI. Power-SOLAR Torque-NABATI. Torque-SOLAR.

Uji Coba PPO 50-80% di PLTDMedium Speed

LOKASI PEMBANGKIT: PLTD TALANG PADANG

Data Teknis.

Daya terpasang : 270 KWCylinder : 6Cylinder bore : 200 mmStroke : 240 mmFiring order :1-5-3-6-2-4-1 Engine speed : 750 rpmOperation year : 1982

Spesific Fuel Consumption vs KWh pada Uji Coba di PLTDTalang Padang

Pengaruh Break Horse Power Terhadap Spesific Fuel Consumption

0.3215

0.293

0.295

0.3205

0.297

0.3

0.304

0.32

0.29

0.295

0.3

0.305

0.31

0.315

0.32

0.325

90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 (Kwh)

L/K

wh

Solar 100%, T= 40 C, visk= 3,86 cstSolar 90% + PPO 10%, T=40 C, Visk= 4,68 cstSolar 50% + PPO 50%, T= 70 C, Visk= 5,8 cst

Hasil Test Emisi pada PLTD

Gas Analizer-10,4212.93%Karbon

Dioksida (CO2)4

Gas Analizer-2,93.46ppmKarbon

Monoksida (CO)3

Spektrofotometrik8001,160.53mg/m3Sulfur Dioksida

(SO2)2

Spektrofotometrik100032.626.5mg/m3Nitrogen

Dioksida (NO2)1

MENLH/3/1995

PPO 50%HSD

Kep-13 MetodaAnalisa

Alat

Buku MutuMesin 3

SatuanParameter AnalisisNo

Uji Coba PPO sebagaiBio-kerosene

Kompor Sumbu Kompor Tekan

Blending PPO 10%, Kerosin 90% Blending PPO 75%, Kerosin 25%

KENDALA

Alternatif pembiayaanAnggaran Pemerintah (Pusat

& Daerah); Investasiasing

Tidak masuknyaJarakpagar dalamskema pembiayaanperbankan

6. PENDANAAN

Daya saing industrilebih baik

Diversifikasi ke produk non subsidi & subsidi silanguntuk BBM bersubsidi

Fluktuasi harga CPO diatas MOPS; 5. PASAR & NIAGA

Memberi iklim investasilebih baik; memberi nilaitambah di dalamnegeri

Industri pupuk & methanol baru (termasuk di LN)

Pupuk & Methanol (untukBio-diesel)

4. SARANA & PRASARANA

Daya saing industrilebih baik

Fasilitasi agar industri hilirmengembangan hulu; re-stripping process, diversifikasi produk, green diesel

Industri tidak terintegrasihulu-hilir; pilihanteknologi proses & produk

3. TEKNOLOGI & BUDIDAYA

Memberi iklim investasilebih baik; memberi nilaitambah di dalamnegeri

Proses perijinan dibatasiwaktu penyelesaiannya

Tiadanya jadwalpenyelesaian prosesperijinan perolehanlahan

2. LAHAN

KETERANGANUSULANKENDALAKELOMPOK

Thank You….