PUSKESMAS:THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
Introduction
Why do you have to know about PUSKESMAS as the primary health care system in Indonesia in relation to the Public health and community nutrition systems course?
References
Pedoman Kerja Puskesmas, Depkes RI
Sistim Kesehatan Nasional Renstra Depkes 2005-2009 Standar Pelayanan Minimal Bidang
Kesehatan
What is PUSKESMAS?
Functional health organization unit Public health development center Building community participation Provide comprehensive and
integrated services to the community under its coverage in the forms of principal activities
PUSKESMAS’ coverage
Part of or the whole sub-district (kecamatan), depending on: Population density (~30,000) Areas (~district head office) Geographic (extended to have
supporting-Puskesmas/Puskesmas Pembantu or Puskesmas Keliling)
Infrastructure (personnel and facilities)
PUSKESMAS’ coverage
Especially for big cities (population ≥ 1 million) = Puskesmas Pembina: Coverage: sub-district Population: 150,000 Referral and Coordinating several
Puskesmas Kelurahan (village-level)
Comprehensive health service
Promotion Prevention
Cure/treatment Rehabilitation
for all gender and age from conception to those dying
Integrated health services
All principal health service activities: Policlinic Maternal and child clinic Hygiene and sanitation program Communicable diseases program And others
implemented together under one coordination and leader
Functions and roles of PUSKESMAS in the public health system
Functions: Public health development center Building community participation to
promote healthy life behaviors Provide comprehensive and integrated
health care services
Functions and roles of PUSKESMAS in the public health system Activities:
Stimulating the community to do self-help activities
Informing the community to search and use the locally available resources effectively and efficiently
Technically assisting the community for medical content, medical and health referral without rising any dependency
Providing direct health services to the community
Collaborating with other related sectors in implementing the health programs
Functions and roles of PUSKESMAS in the public health system
Roles: As a technical implemental institution, it
shall have a managerial capabilities and long-term vision to improve the quality of health services
In planning, managing and evaluating Using and updating related information
techniques to improve the comprehensive and integrated health services
Functions and roles of PUSKESMAS in the public health system
Status: Administration, as a technical unit of
district government office via the district health office
Hierarchical health service, as a primary health service facility (*)
Organization of PUSKESMAS
HEAD OF PUSKESMAS
TECHNICAL UNIT I-III
SUPPORTING UNIT
TECHNICAL UNIT IV-VII
HEAD OF ADMINISTRATION
UNIT
Organization of PUSKESMAS
PERSONNEL JOB DESCRIPTION
Head of Puskesmas
Leading, supervising and coordinating Puskesmas activities (structural and functionally)
Head of Administration unit
Staffing, finance, facility, recording and reporting
Organization of PUSKESMAS
PERSONNEL JOB DESCRIPTION
Unit I Maternal and child health, family planning and nutrition program activities
Unit II Prevention and treatment of communicable diseases (immunization, environmental health and laboratory)
Organization of PUSKESMAS
PERSONNEL JOB DESCRIPTION
Unit III Dental and oral health, occupational health and elderly
Unit IV Public health nursing, school and sport health, mental health, eyes’ health and other specific healths
Organization of PUSKESMAS
PERSONNEL JOB DESCRIPTION
Unit V Building and developing community health activities and public health promotion
Unit VI Out-patient and in-patient treatment services
Unit VII Pharmacy
Organization of PUSKESMAS
SUPPORTING UNIT
JOB DESCRIPTION
Supporting Puskesmas
Implementing Puskesmas programs to 2,500 – 10,000 population
Mobile Puskesmas
Implementing Puskesmas programs to remote areas
Village midwife Provide maternal and child health service to 3,000 population
Primary Programs of PUSKESMAS
1. Maternal and child health2. Family Planning3. Nutrition Improvement4. Environmental health5. Communicable diseases eradication6. Treatment, including emergency condition7. Public health education/promotion 8. School health program9. Sport health10.Public health nursing
Primary Programs of PUSKESMAS
11. Occupational health12. Dental and oral health13. Mental health14. Eyes’ health15. Laboratory16. Reporting and recording of health
information system17. Elderly18. Controlling traditional healer 19. And others
Referral system
Hierarchy Health service component
Households Individual or family members
Community Households of ten, Posyandu
Primary health service facility
Puskesmas and its supporting units, private practices, etc
Primary referral unit
District hospital, laboratory, private practices, etc
Advanced referral unit
Provincial hospitals, special health facilities, etc
Referral system Type of referral system:
Medical referral (diagnostic and treatment): patient consultation, sending specimens and inviting special health personnel
Health referral (promotion and prevention): epidemiological survey and eradication of outbreaks, food aids, investigation of food poisoning, special aids during disaster and displaced population/refugee, clean water technology and laboratory
Conclusion
Why do you have to know about PUSKESMAS as the primary health care system in Indonesia in relation to the Public health and community nutrition systems course?
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