UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING PROJECT...

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERINGDEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION

ENGINEERING

PROJECT REPORT

TITLE OF PROJECT: VEHICLE TRACKING USINGGPS

NAME: GICHANA MARTIN OGETO

ADM NO: F17/37585/2010

YEAR OF STUDY: 5TH YEAR

PROJECT SUPERVISOR: MR. AHMED SAYYID

EXAMINER: PROF. ELIJAH MWANGI

DUE DATE: Thursday, April 23,

2015Project leading to the award of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Information

Engineering

DECLARATIONOF ORIGINALITY

GICHANA MARTIN OGETO

F17/37585/2010

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Information Engineering

VEHICLE TRACKING USING GPS

i. I understand what plagiarism is and I am aware of the

university policy in this regard.

ii. I declare that this final year project is my own

originality work and has not been submitted elsewhere for

examination, award of a degree or publication. Where

other peoples work, or my own work has been used, this

has properly been acknowledged and referenced in

accordance with the University of Nairobi`s requirements.

iii. I have not sought or used the service of any professional

agencies to produce the work.

iv. I have not allowed, shall not allow anyone to copy this

work with the intention of passing it as his/her own

work.

v. I understand that any false claim in respect of this work

shall result in disciplinary action, In accordance with

University anti-plagiarism policy.

i

Signature: _________________________________

Date: _________________________________

DEDICATION

To my father and mother, David Okeyo Gichana and Zaveria Wanjiru

Gichana together with my brothers Kevin Mochiemo and Newton Mogaka

and my girlfriend Renalda Mwanyuma.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am greatly indebted to a number of people without whose

assistance and input this project could not be a success.

I am more indebted to my supervisor, Mr. Ahmed Sayyid who guided me

throughout the project ups and downs. He remained as my great

source of inspiration and always opened my way of looking at things

beyond what I could imagine as possible. Great thanks to all the

lecturers and other staff members who have assisted me during the

course of my studies and also throughout the project implementation

period.

I am also thankful to the two most beloved women in my life, my

mother and my girlfriend for their continuous support both

financially and emotionally during the entire life in campus. They

stood by me at times of need when I was almost losing it and helped

me rise back to my feet.

To my beloved father for the life teachings that he gave me

throughout my study in campus and for being there to ensure I don’t

lack motivation to better myself in this life time since we only

live ones.

Lastly and most importantly, I would like to appreciate my

classmates for their suggestions and opinions on my project and to

University of Nairobi for giving me the opportunity to study BSc.

Electrical and Information Engineering for five years and through

Fablab to help me complete my project.

Table of Contents

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY.....................................................I

DEDICATION....................................................................II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................III

TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................IV

LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................VI

LIST OF TABLES...............................................................VII

ACRONYMS....................................................................VIII

ABSTRACT.......................................................................X

CHAPTER 1.....................................................................11

1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION....................................11

1.1 Global Positioning System.....................................................................................................................11

1.2 General Packet Radio Services.............................................................................................................. 12

1.3 Web Based Vehicle Tracking System....................................................................................................12

1.4 System Components.............................................................................................................................. 13

1.5 GSM/GPS Module................................................................................................................................... 13

1.6 Web Design............................................................................................................................................. 13

1.7 Database Design.................................................................................................................................... 14

1.8 Power Supply.......................................................................................................................................... 14

1.9 Netlight circuit........................................................................................................................................ 15

1.10 Programming and Coding....................................................................................................................16

CHAPTER 2.....................................................................17

2. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS...........................................................17

2.1 Proposed System Description................................................................................................................ 17

2.2 SIM908 Module...................................................................................................................................... 18

2.3 ATMEGA328P-PU.................................................................................................................................... 19

2.4 Sequence Diagram................................................................................................................................. 21

2.5 Database Design.................................................................................................................................... 22

CHAPTER 3.....................................................................24

3. SYSTEMS DESIGN.............................................................24

3.1 SIM908 Interface connection................................................................................................................24

3.2 Power Supply Design............................................................................................................................. 26

3.3 Power on/off SIM908............................................................................................................................. 27

3.4 Charging Interface................................................................................................................................. 29

3.5 SIM card Interface................................................................................................................................. 31

3.6 GPIO Selection........................................................................................................................................ 34

3.7 Design of Circuit PCB............................................................................................................................. 36

CHAPTER 4.....................................................................38

4. IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING.................................................38

4.1 SCHEDULING OF THE WHOLE PROJECT................................................................................................38

4.2 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION............................................................................................................... 43

4.3 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION.............................................................................................................. 47

CHAPTER 5.....................................................................50

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................50

5.1 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................. 50

5.2 Recommendation for future work........................................................................................................50

APPENDIX.......................................................................I

APPENDIX A: PROGRAM CODE.......................................................I

APPENDIX A 01: Index.html.............................................................................................................................. i

APPENDIX A 02: config.php............................................................................................................................. vi

APPENDIX A 03: auth.php............................................................................................................................... vi

APPENDIX A 04: client_index.php.................................................................................................................. vii

APPENDIX A 05: ATMEGA328P_P...................................................................................................................... x

REFERENCES....................................................................XX

List of Figures

Figure 1.................Web Based Vehicle Tracking System Overview

17

Figure 2..................................SIM908 Functional Diagram

18

Figure 3...........................ATMEGA328P-PU Functional Diagram

20

Figure 4.........Interaction between Application Layer and Database

21

Figure 5...............................Database Architecture Layers

23

Figure 6..........................SIM908 Circuit connection diagram

25

Figure 7............................Power supply circuit connection

26

Figure 8...........................Power on scenario timing diagram

27

Figure 9.........................Power down scenario timing diagram

28

Figure 10..............Power Key input circuit connection to SIM908

29

Figure 11...................................Charging module circuit

30

Figure 12........................Simcard circuit connection diagram

31

Figure 13..................ATMEGA328P-PU circuit connection diagram

33

Figure 14..........................AVR SPI 6 pin connection diagram

34

Figure 15.......................Netlight circuit connection diagram

35

Figure 16.........................Status circuit connection diagram

36

List of Tables

Table 1:.......................................SIMcard pin connections

31

Acronyms

GPS Global Positioning System

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

SIM Subscriber Identification Module

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

GSM Global System for Mobile communications

EGSM Extended Global System for Mobile communications

DCS Digital Cellular Service

PCS Personal Communications Service

TTFF Time-To-First-Fix

CS Communication Service

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

XML Hypertext Mark-up Language

WAMP Windows Apache MySQL PHP

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

PCB Power Circuit Board

AT ATtention commands

MISO Master In Slave Out

MOSI Master Out Slave In

SCK Clock Signal from master to slave

GND Ground Signal

GPIO General Purpose Input/Output

MCU MicroController Unit

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer

MIPS Million Instructions per Second

ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit

EEPROM Electrically Erasable PROgrammable Memory

SRAM Static Random Access Memory

I/O Input/Output

USART Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter

SPI Serial Peripheral Interface

ADC Analog Digital Conversion

DAC Digital Analog Conversion

CPU Central Processing Unit

ABSTRACT

The current position of the vehicle was acquired by a GPS device

(SIM 908) which is integrated in the target vehicle and the

location coordinates are sent through GPRS service provided by the

GSM network. The GPS data are sent using Get method of HTTP

protocol, the data at server side are stored in a database tables

and can be retrieved as request for position browsing on map. A web

application is developed using;

i. PHP

ii. JavaScript

iii. Ajax

iv. XML

v. MySQL

vi. Mozilla Firefox -32

All the above are embedded Google Map top retrieve and display web

page.In this project, an integrated cost effective web based GPS-

GPRS vehicle tracking system was designed andimplemented. The

system enables enterprises owners to viewthe present and past

positions recorded of the target vehicle onGoogle Map through

purpose designed web site. The currentposition of the vehicle was

acquired by GPS device which isintegrated in the target vehicle and

the location coordinatesare sent through GPRS service provided by

the GSM network.

The GPS data are sent using Get method of HTTP protocol,the data at

server side are stored in a database tables and canbe retrieved as

request for position browsing on map. A webapplication is developed

using PHP, JavaScript, XML,and MySQL with embedded Google Map to

retrieve anddisplay on the clients’ homepage the position and other

track details.

CHAPTER 1

Table 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATIONThe GPS-GPRS based vehicle tracking system is one that makes

use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine the precise

location of a vehicle to which it is attached. I therefore sought

to design a cost effective web-based GPS-GPRS vehicle tracking

system that enables owners to view the present and past positions

recorded of the target vehicle on Google Map through a purpose

designed website. With the rapidly increase in number of vehicles

in Kenya, there is an increase need of tracking your vehicle or

fleet of vehicles due to the following reasons:

i. Increase in carjacking incidences that are unresolved by the

police

ii. Increase in unrecovered stolen motor vehicles

iii. To know exactly where all your vehicles are and of what use

they are being used for. It will tell you what time your

driver started, how long is being spent on breaks or whether

the vehicle is being used to pursue non-work related

activities.

iv. Can be used to settle false claim or complaints against the

company that may arise hence prove indubitably where the

vehicle was at the time of the alleged and thus demonstrate

that the claim is bogus.

A GPS-GPRS based tracking system gives all the specifications

about the location of a vehicle. The system utilizes geographic

position and time information from the Global Positioning

Satellites.In order to track the movement of the vehicle Google

15

Maps used for mapping the location. The GSM modem fetches the GPS

location and sends it to the server using GPRS.

The integration of GPS and GSM was first established using SMS

as a method of transmitting GPS coordinates. The inclusion of GPRS

technology to transmit location coordinates to a remote server

facilitates the tracking of object remotely using any computer

connected to the web.

Table 2: Global Positioning System

The GPS is a space-based satellite navigation system that

provides location and time information in all weather conditions,

anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line

of sight to three or more GPS satellites. GPS technology can be

described in terms of three segments:

i. Space Segment: Consists of twenty-four satellites

orbiting 11,000 nautical miles above the earth.

ii. Control Segment: Consists of 5 ground stations around the

globe that manage the operational health of the

satellites by transmitting orbital corrections and clock

updates.

iii. User Segment: Consists of various types of GPS receivers

that can vary in complexity and sophistication.

GPS receivers are able to identify their location when three

GPS satellites triangulate and measure the distance to the receiver

and compare the measurements. A fourth satellite measures the time

to the receiver. The information from all four satellites is

compiled to determine the location. The sophistication of a GPS

receiver impacts the reliability and accuracy of the GPS data

received.

Table 3: General Packet Radio Services

General Packet Radio Service GPRS is a packet switched service

based on Global System for Mobile Communications GSM, an

extensively deployed voice technology. GPRS is a 2.5 G cellular

network. It provides affordable and fast internet connections to

service users. Billing is based on the amount of data transferred

rather than on the connection time. This is achieved by allocating

resources radio channels to users only when they need to send data.

GPRS utilizes most nodes in an existing GSM network; two additional

nodes are introduced in the GSM network to support GPRS Serving

GPRS Support node SGSN and Gateway GPRS Support Node GGSN, these

two nodes constitute the core network of a GPRS sub-network and

they are connected through an IP based GPRS backbone network.

Table 4: Web Based Vehicle Tracking System

The web based tracking system is a system designed using a

combination of several modern information and communications

technologies. The system comprises of vehicle-mounted tracking

devices, a central server system and a web-based application.

Through the system, users will have the facility of monitoring the

location graphically and other relevant information of vehicle.

This system is designed to serve enterprises with an unlimited

number of vehicles and complex usage requirements. The web based

system enables user to browse location track on map through

developed web application embed Google Map and interact with

database server for vehicles track details. Using the web based

system enables users with different operating system platforms to

easily reach the demanded details by the existence of internet

access.

Table 5: System Components

The overall system functionality outcomes from interaction between

the system components which are:

i. Quad-band SIM908 GSM-GPS module

ii. Web application and purpose designed database

iii. Desktop application

Table 6: GSM/GPS Module

Quad-Band SIM908 module is used which combines GPS technology for

satellite navigation with worldwide known technology GSM. This

module is configured to connect to navigation satellite and gets

GPS location at predetermined intervals and sends this information

to web application through GPRS service provided by GSM. The

GSM/GPRS engine works on frequencies GSM 850MHz; EGSM 900MHz, DCS

1800MHz and PCS 1900MHz. SIM908 supports the GPRS coding schemes

CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4. The GPS solution offers best- in-class

acquisition and tracing sensitivity, TTFF and accuracy. With a tiny

configuration of 30*30*3.2mm, the device can meet almost all the

space requirements in user applications and is designed with power

saving technique so that the current consumption is as low as 1.0mA

in sleep mode.

Table 7: Web Design

The overall functionality and usage eased using various web

application development languages where the interaction between

several purposes designed applications resulted in complete

integrated system enables the users to reach and benefit of the

system. The overall design goals of the web application can be

summarized in the following:

i. Define and manage all client accounts information by system

administrator.

ii. Define, manage and browse all agents’ accounts information and

tracking data by clients.

iii. Receive and identify tracking information from each device

unit.

iv. Store tracking information received from tracking device to

the related agent in the database.

v. Display track locations on electronic map through using

several browsing types.

Generate reports of agent’s movements showing agent information

and tracking details. Web pages formatted using HTML elements.

Appearances and text layout formatted using. HTML embeds scripts

such as JavaScript and PHP which performs functions and adds

effects on the behavior of HTML pages.

JavaScript performs all background operations and functions such

as login checking, data validation, and paging function; also

JavaScript embeds Google Map API on the web site using key and

Google maps class provided by Google where vehicle locations

coordination are presented.

Administration of accounts implemented using PHP functions; PHP

commands can be embedded directly into HTML source document rather

than calling external file to process data. The administration

functions include adding, editing, deleting, browsing clients and

agents accounts, and formatting those accounts into tables. PHP

used at the server side to store the received GPS data in forms

which is easier to examine and check relevant parts of received

data. Detailed reports of agents track also generated using PHP

function where the relevant data are presented into table contains

agent basic information and detailed track including exact time and

location coordination.

Table 8: Database Design

The database responsible for storing all system information

including user login credentials, clients information, agent

information, and tracking data. Databases also enforce data

integrity by ensuring that data is collected and presented using a

consistent format. For the system to be usable, it must retrieve

data efficiently. The need for efficiency has led to use complex

data structures to represent data in the database. The database

architecture consists of the following layers:

i. Presentation layer: This is the topmost level of

application. The presentation layer displays information

related services. The presentation layer communicates

with other tiers by outputting results to the

browser/client tier and all other tiers in the network.

ii. Business Logic Layer, Data Access Layer (or middle

layer): The logical layer is pulled out from the

presentation layer and, as its own layer; it controls an

application’s functionality by performing detailed

processing. Another in-between layer added to make

benefit of the reusable set of functions performing

database operations, this is the DB Worker Layer.

iii. Data layer: This layer consists of database servers. Here

the information is stored and retrieved. This keeps data

neutral and independent from application servers or

business logic. Giving data its own tier also improves

scalability and performance.

Table 9: Power Supply

The power supply of SIM908 is from a single source of VBAT,

its normal operating voltage is from +3V to +5V. The peak working

current can rise up to 2A during maximum power transmitting period,

which cause a voltage drop lower than 3V, and the module may will

automatically power down. In our Tracker, VBAT was set to 5V.

The input voltage to the power supply is 12V or 24V DC supply

voltage, which a practical values that a present in our motor

vehicles on the roads. A suitable voltage regulator was chosen that

could regulate both 12V and 24V input to give a stable output of

5V.

Table 10: Netlight circuit

Status of the module during the power on/off will be done by

the netlight circuit. After power up, AT commands will not respond

till the status pin change to high, and status pin will change to

low after the module is logged off from the base station in a power

down procedure.

Netlight is a net status indicator. It can drive a transistor

to control a LED which will blink slowly or quickly according to

different states.

Table 11: Programming and Coding

In the design of a car tracker requires a lot of knowledge in

various programming language to ensure a coherent communication and

storage of data. One has first of all design a desktop application

which will be the presentation layer. Here one has to know how to

code and accurately configure:

i. WAMP Server

ii. PHP as a scripting language

iii. HTML

With the interface designed and connected to a WAMP server, it

has to get data from the tracker to process and map on the website.

The tracker has a microprocessor chip and a SIM908 modem module

that have also to be programmed to be able to communicate together

with each other and send coordinates to the server. For this to

happen successfully one has to be able to program the

microprocessor and the modem using:

i. Atmel for the micro-processor

ii. AT commands for the SIM908

CHAPTER 2

Table 12: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

Table 13: Proposed System Description

This proposed car tracking system will be well equipped and up

to date with cutting edge technology. What it does best is to be

cost effective and readily available to its users since the

components used are readily available to the public and can easily

be purchased without government restrictions.

In this project, we build a GPS tracker with integrated Google

maps. The GPS chip outputs the position information of the car

which is transferred over GPRS link to a mobile operator`s GGSN and

then to a remote server over HTTP connection. The HTTP server

stores the incoming positional data in a MySQL database. When a

client logs in to the tracking webpage, a PHP web application

embedded with JavaScript code. The JavaScript runs in the browser

and integrates this information into Google Maps through Google

Maps API which displays the position on a map. Since the positional

information is retrieved every second and the maps updated at the

same frequency, a real time GPS tracking effect is achieved.

Table 14: Web Based Vehicle Tracking System Overview

Table 15: SIM908 Module

This module has different functional parts that makes it best

suited to be used as a car tracker in this project, these are:

i. The GSM baseband engine

ii. The GPS engine

iii. Flash

iv. The GSM radio frequency part

v. The antenna interface

vi. Power management unit

The above are the main functional parts of the SIM908 module.

Table 16: SIM908 Functional Diagram

Table 17: ATMEGA328P-PU

This MCU is a low-power CMOS 8-bit MCU based on the AVR

enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in

asingle clock cycle, the MCU achieves throughputs approaching 1

MIPS per MHz that allowed me to optimize power consumption and

processing speed. The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with

32 general purpose working registers. All the32 registers are

directly connected to the ALU, allowing two registers to be

accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The

resultingarchitecture is more code efficient while achieving

throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional

microcontrollers.

The MCU has a in-System programmable Flash with Read-While-

Write capabilities, 1K bytes EEPROM,2K bytes SRAM, 23 general

purpose I/O lines, 32general purpose working registers, three

flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internaland external

interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire

Serial Interface,an SPI serial port, a 6-channel 10-bit ADC, a

programmable Watchdog Timer with internal Oscillator, and five

software selectable power savingmodes. The Idle mode stops the CPU

while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, USART, 2 wireSerial

Interface, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.

The Power-down modesaves the register contents but freezes the

Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until thenext

interrupt or hardware reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous

timer continues to run,allowing the user to maintain a timer base

while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADCNoise Reduction

mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except asynchronous timer

and ADC,to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In

Standby mode, the crystal/resonatorOscillator is running while the

rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up

combined with low power consumption.

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non-

volatile memory technology.TheOn-chip ISP Flash allows the program

memory to be reprogrammed In-System through an SPIserial interface,

by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip

Boot program running on the AVR core. The Boot program can use any

interface to download theapplication program in the Application

Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section willcontinue to

run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true

Read-While-Writeoperation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-

System Self-Programmable Flash on amonolithic chip, the ATMEGA328P-

PU is a powerfulmicrocontroller that provides a highly flexible and

cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.

Below is a finctional diagram of the ATMEGA328P-PU used in

this project.

Table 18: ATMEGA328P-PU Functional Diagram

Table 19: Sequence Diagram

This is a pictorial representation of how the different users

will be interacting with the system. It is a general overview of

how each of them queries the system for a desired function

including:

i. Login to the website

ii. Logout from the website

iii. Registration of user

iv. Listing of users

v. Tracking record listing

This sequence diagram makes it easy to understand how the

website interacts between the application layer and the database.

All user interactions designed to be through presentation layer,

were information related accounts administration and tracking on

map displayed in forms of HTML web pages. The figure below shows

the interaction between application layer and database.

Table 20: Interaction between Application Layer and Database

Table 21: Database Design

The database responsible for storing all system information

including:

i. user login credentials

ii. clients information

iii. agent information

iv. tracking data

Databases also enforce data integrity by ensuring that data is

collected and presented using a consistent format. For the system

to be usable, it must retrieve data efficiently. The need for

efficiency has led to use complex data structures to represent data

in the database. The database architecture consists of the

following layers:

i. Presentation layer;this is the topmost level of

application. The presentation layer displays

information related services. The presentation layer

communicates with other tiers by outputting results

to the browser/client tier and all other tiers in

the network.

ii. Business Logic Layer;data Access Layer, the logical

layer is pulled out from the presentation layer and,

as its own layer; it controls an application’s

functionality byperforming detailed processing.

Another in-betweenlayer added to make benefit of the

reusable set of functions performing database

operations, this is the DB Worker Layer.

iii. Data layer;this layer consists of database servers.

Here the information is stored and retrieved. This

keeps data neutral and independent from application

servers or business logic. Giving data its own tier

also improves scalability and performance.

The figure below presents the database architecture indicating

to all database layers.

Table 22: Database Architecture Layers

CHAPTER 3

Table 23: SYSTEMS DESIGN

Table 24: SIM908 Interface connection

SIM908 is the modem module of choice for this project. It’s

the latest SIMCom modem module and has a lot of in built functions

that can be advantageous in the design of a car tracker. The module

was connected as shown below and various connections done described

in detail henceforth.

Initially, the SIM908 module is initialized to start gathering

GPS data from the satellite; device initiation is done using AT

commands and includes GPS and GSM module; to turn on the GPS, first

it is powered on and put in reset mode then in the worm mode where

the module become ready for receiving coordinates from satellite.

The GPRS is next turned on; the process includes GPRS power on,

setting APN of service provider, initiating HTTP protocol, and

setting protocol method (Get method). Device initialization process

may take up to 1 minute to worm up and calculate the accurate

position. In the SIM908 module initialization process, the process

starts with powering the module and setting the reset mode, the

wormto the provider. In case of network un-availability,

theacquisitioned GPS coordinates and other data such as timeand

speed are stored temporarily until the network returnsback to

service then the stored coordinates are sent withtheir time stamp

and speed.

Table 25: SIM908 Circuit connection diagram

Table 26: Power Supply Design

The power range of SIM908 is from 3.2V to 4.8V. The

transmitting burst will cause voltage drop and the power supply

must be able to provide sufficient current up to 2A. For the DC car

power input, a bypass capacitor of 100µF was used and placed as

close as possible to SIM908 DC input pins.

Since there is a high drop-out between input and desired

output, a DC-DC power supply will be preferable because of its

better efficiency especially with the 2A peak current in burst mode

of the module.

During the power supply design, attention was paid to power

losses. The voltage was never allowed to drop below 3.1V even when

current consumption rises to 2A in the transmit burst since the

module would shut down automatically. The PCB traces from the VBAT

pins to the power supply should be wide enough to decrease Voltage

drops in transmit burst. The bypass capacitor was placed close to

the module as possible.

The single 3.7V Li-ion cell battery can be connected to SIM908

VBAT pins directly. A Li-ion 3.7V 1000mAh battery was chosen with a

limited charge voltage of 4.2V.

When battery is used, the total impedance between battery and

VBAT pins should be less than 150mΩ, this was confirmed by use of a

digital multimeter.

Table 27: Power supply circuit connection

Table 28: Power on/off SIM908

When powering on SIM908 we pull down the PWRKEY pin for at

least 1 second and release. This pin is already pulled up to 3V in

the module internal, so there was no need to have an external pull

up.

The power on scenarios is illustrated as in the figure below:

Table 29: Power on scenario timing diagram

When power on procedure is completed, SIM908 will send RDY

(ready) command to indicate that the module is ready to operate at

a fixed baud rate but since we are not using a screen, we will use

the status and netlight indicator. In this mode during normal

operation, all operations and AT commands are available.

The SIM908 will automatically turn on when the car battery is

connected to the switched off SIM908 of which VBAT pin voltage is

greater than 3.2V. SIM908 will go into the charge –only mode. In

this mode, the module does not register to the network, and has a

few AT commands available.

When the module is powered on using the VCHG signal, SIM908

status pin LED continuously lights red. This only occurs when the

car battery is discharged or doesn’t supply enough voltage to power

on the module.

SIM908 will be powered down in the following situations:

i. Normal power down procedure using PWRKEY pin.

ii. Normal power down using AT command “AT+CPOWD=1”.

iii. Abnormal power down during under/over voltages

automatic power down.

iv. Abnormal power down during over/under temperature

automatic power down.

When powering down SIM908, we pull down the PWRKEY pin for at

least 1 second and release. The power down scenario is illustrated

in the following figure:

Table 30: Power down scenario timing diagram

This procedure makes the module log off from the network and

allows the software to enter into a secure state to save data

before shut down. At this moment, AT commands cannot be executed

any more. Power down mode will therefore be indicated by STATUS

pin, which is at low level at this time.

The following is the power on key circuit:

Table 31: Power Key input circuit connection to SIM908

Table 32: Charging Interface

SIM908 has integrated a charging circuit inside the module for

Li-ion batteries charging control, which makes it very convenient

for battery charging support.

SIM908 has optimized the charging algorithm for the Li0Ion

battery that meets the following characteristics listed below:

i. The maximum voltage of the Li-Ion battery pack is 4.2V

and the recommended capacity is 1100mAh if exceeded the

battery pack will take longer to charge.

ii. The battery pack should have a protection circuit to

avoid overcharging,deep discharging and over current, and

the circuit should be insensitive to pulsed current.

iii. The internal resistance of the battery including

protection circuit should be as low as possible. In our

case it should not exceed 150mΩ.

iv. The battery pack should be protected from reserve pole

connection.

There are three pins in SIM908 related to battery charging

function: there are VCHG, VBAT and TEMP_BAT/ADC0 pins. The VCHG pin

is driven by an external voltage, system can use this pin to detect

a charger supply and provide most charging current through SIM908

module to battery when charging is in fast charge state. VBAT pin

gives charging current to external battery from SIM908 module.

TEMP_BAT pin is used to measure the battery temperature; this pin

was left open since temperature of battery is not our concern.

A common connection is shown in the following figure:

Table 33: Charging module circuit

Table 34: SIM card Interface

The SIM interface complies with the GSM specifications (phase

1 and phase 2). The SIM interface is powered from an internal

regulator in the module. There is no need of a pull up resistor on

the SIM_DATA line is already added in the modules internal design.

The following table shows pin connections of SIM card interface.

Table 35: SIMcard pin connections

Pin Name Signal Description

C1 SIM-VDD SIM card power supply

C2 SIM-RST SIM card reset

C3 SIM-CLK SIM card clock

C4 SIM-DATA SIM card data I/O

C5 VPP Not connected

C6 GND Connect to ground(GND)

The following is a circuit design for the SIM card interface:

Table 36: Simcard circuit connection diagram

3.4 ATMEGA328P-PU interface connection

A supply voltage of 5V was supplied to the microcontroller as

per design specification to the three power pins VCC, AVCC, and

AREF from the power supply circuit. VCC is the digital supply

voltage, AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D converter,

PC3:0 and ADC7:6. It is connected to the VCC externally regardless

of whether the pins are used or not. The AREF is the analog

reference pin for the A/D converter.

Port B is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull

up resistors. They can therefore be used as both inputs and

outputs. For this reason they are used to program the ATMEGA328P-PU

using pins PB3, PB4 and PB5 as MOSI, MISO and SCK respectively.

Port C6/RESET is used as an I/O pin. In our case PC6 was used

as a reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the

minimum pulse length will generate a reset even if the clock is not

running. We need to use an external 10KΩ pull-up resistor to the

reset pin.

Port D is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull

up resistors, this is the reason pins PD0 and PD1 were used as

transmission and reception pins. The port D output buffers have

symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source

capability, this is the reason why port PD5 was used to power the

SIM908 module. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled

low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The

port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,

even if the clock is not running.

All ground connections are shorted and connected to GND.

To be able to program the microcontroller, a six pin AVR_SPI

connector was integrated in the design circuit of the tracker and

was connected as shown on the diagram.

Table 37: ATMEGA328P-PU circuit connection diagram

Table 38: AVR SPI 6 pin connection diagram

Table 39: GPIO Selection

Table 40: NETLIGHT Circuit

This is a net status indicator. It can drive a transistor to

control a LED which will blink slowly or quickly according to

different states. The module cannot drive the LED directly on its

own hence the need of the transistor.

NETLIGHT has a dedicated pin in the SIM908. The circuit below

is the circuit responsible for netlight in the design.

Table 41: Netlight circuit connection diagram

Table 42: STATUS Circuit

This pin is used to monitor the module status during the power

on/off process. After power up, AT commands will not respond till

the status pin change to high and change to low after the module is

logged off from the base station in the power down procedure.

STATUS pin has a dedicated pin in SIM908 and was connected to GPIO

of the MCU.

Table 43: Status circuit connection diagram

Table 44: Design of Circuit PCB

Using the schematic diagram from EAGLE 7.2.0 a PCB design was

extrapolated and the PCB layout was done. As per the design there

are various factors that were considered while carrying out the

design layout with special considerations for the SIM908 module. A

good PCB layout will help improve the whole performance, including

reliability and efficiency. These factors that were considered are

as follows:-

i. The power trace should be short and wide, it is

recommended to be routed above 12.5mil and was easily

done by manually routing the power traces.

ii. The layout of ground is of great importance. A whole

ground layer is the best for the module performance if it

is possible. Some noise interference signal is shielded

by the ground.

The PCB drawn with the above considerations is as

follows.

Table 45: PCB design layout of vehicle tracker using GPS

CHAPTER 4Table 46: IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

4.1 SCHEDULING OF THE WHOLE PROJECT

The project had various tasks that were carried from

commencement to completion. A Gantt chart was developed to

keep track of project progress. Project tasks were listed

against their estimated start and completion times to

accurately complete the project within the estimated time.

However there were delays in the implementation of the project

due to the fact that SIM908 was not readily available in the

local market and had to be imported which took a long time

almost a month. The Gantt chart used was as below:

4.2 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

The software design was implemented first from the

application layer. The design of the homepage was simple and

could easily be understood and used by most users. It had few

links to navigate through the website. My home page interface was

implemented as follows:

Table 47: Home page of the website

The client will login and the interface below will appear as the

figure shown below. It will contain all the parameters captured

by SIM908 GPS module. This parameters include speed, time and

date, course, longitude and latitude that are displayed using the

google embedded maps which was optimized to be 1000px by 500px in

dimension.

58

Table 48: Client login index page

After completion of the interface implementation, PHP scripts

were programmed to do all the form handling that are done with the

administrator and the agent. The scripts also were used to handle

POST and GET functions to and from the database.

The admin interface is as shown below:

Table 49: Admin index page

Table 50: Admin page listing enrolled agents

Alongside programming the interface design on my computers

localhost, I also programmed my database phpMyAdmin and created

four tables as shown below:

Table 51: Megawcoc_cartracker database with admin login details table

Table 52: Megawcoc_cartracker database with agent details table

Table 53: Megawcoc_cartracker database with client details table

4.3 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Hardware implementation started with developing the board. Thefollowing procedure was followed to develop the board and latercomponents mounted on the board.

i. Circuit was prepared and printed on a transparent film layoutpaper.

ii. The board was cut to the desired size and the black protectionfilm was pilled of and the board exposed in the KinstenExposure box on both sides for 60seconds

iii. In the process of developing, one litre of sodium hydroxidewas poured into a tray and the exposed board suspended in thedeveloper. The board was agitated until the artwork was clear.The board was then rinsed with running water to completelywash away the developer.

iv. The parts that were not clearly visible were enhanced using apermanent mark pen.

v. The board was then immersedfor eight minutes in Kinstenetching tank that had been turned on for 30 minutes to warmthe ferric chloride to a temperature of about (50-60C).

vi. The board was then removed and rinsed for 15minutes.vii. Appropriate holes were drilled to complete the design of the

PCB ready for mounting.viii. Components were then mounted on the PCB and the circuit was

ready.

Table 54: The front side of PCB design

Table 55: The backside of the PCB design

CHAPTER 5

Table 56: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

The main objective of the project was to develop a GPS

tracking system that uploads a set of given parameters to a

database server through a GGSN network to a website where it can be

viewed remotely. The expected results were obtained as it can be

evident as analysed as in CHAPTER 4 above.

5.2 Recommendation for future work

The recommendations for future work are as follows:

i. Investigate how to protect the data collected on the website

by making sure users only get to access only those devices

that they are authorized to. Generally increased security to

protect Vehicle tracker identity.

ii. To develop a mobile application for the different types of

mobile Operating Systems rather than just using a desktop

application.

iii. Developing a means to show track record of where the vehicle

has been rather than just the position it is located.

APPENDIX

APPENDIX A: Program Code

There are two distinct important programs that are responsible for the

functionality of the system, these are:

i. The web server program which handles the recording and displaying

of the data posted by the GPS module via GGSN network. The web

server program is divided into various parts but will only list

the most important parts, namely:

a) Index.html that handles the client user interface.

b) The config.php and auth.php both of which handles

establishment and authentication of HTTP connection

between the module and the server.

c) gpsinsert.php which handles the entry of the data

posted by the GPS module to the megawcoc_cartracker

database in the tracklog table.

d) client_index.php that contains the google embedded

maps that shows the map and given parameters to the

client.

ii. The microcontroller program that controls the GPS module to get a fix, send the fix

through GGSN network to the webserver(database and

client_index.php)

Table 57: Index.html

//homepage

<html>

<head>

i

<div id="templatemo_wrapper">

<div id="templatemo_menu">

<ul>

<li><a href="index.html" class="current">Home</a></li>

<li><a href="portfolio.html">Gallery</a></li>

<li><a href="about.html">About Us</a></li>

<li><a href="contact.html">Contact</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<div id="templatemo_left_column">

<div id="templatemo_header">

<div id="site_title">

<h1><a href="#index.html"

target="_parent">Car<strong>Tracker</strong><span>Always on the

look out!!</span></a></h1>

</div>

</div>

<div id="templatemo_sidebar">

<div id="templatemo_rss">

<a

href="http://www.ti.com/lsds/ti/microcontrollers_16-bit_32-bit/over

view.page">SUBSCRIBE NOW <br /><span>to our rss feed</span></a>

</div>

<h4>Client Login</h4>

<form id="loginForm" name="loginForm" method="post" action="client-

exec.php">

<table width="250" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="2"

cellspacing="0">

<tr>

<td width="112"><b>Username</b></td>

<td width="188"><input name="uname" type="text" class="textfield"

id="uname" /></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><b>Password</b></td>

<td><input name="password" type="password" class="textfield"

id="password" /></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td> </td>

<td><input type="submit" name="Submit" value="Login" /></td>

</tr>

</table>

</form>

<div class="cleaner_h40"></div>

<h4>Adminstrator Login</h4>

<ul class="templatemo_list">

<li><a href="ADMIN/index.php" target="_parent">Adminstrator

Login</a></li>

<li><a href="AGENT/index.php" target="_parent">Agent Login</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

</div>

<div id="templatemo_right_column">

<div id="featured_project">

<div id="slider">

<ul id="sliderContent">

<li class="sliderImage">

<a href=""><img src="images/slider/1.jpg" alt="1" /></a>

<span class="top"><strong>THE GLOBE</strong><br />GPRS has made the

whole to fit on your hand.</span>

</li>


<a href=""><img src="images/slider/2.jpg" alt="2" /></a>

<span class="bottom"><strong>VIEW POINT</strong><br />The ability

to connect and view the whole world from the comfort of your

home.</span>

</li>


<img src="images/slider/3.jpg" alt="3" />

<span class="left"><strong>NETWORKING</strong><br />Different GSM

network providers all link up all over the world by

Satellites.</span>

</li>


<img src="images/slider/4.jpg" alt="4" />

<span class="right"><strong>SATELLITES</strong><br />The world has

been put under a microscope with the onset of satellites.</span>

</li>

<li class="clear sliderImage"></li>

</ul>

</div>

</div>

<div id="templatemo_main">

<p>The GPS-GPRS based vehicle tracking system is one that makes

use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine the

precise location of a vehicle to which it is attached. I therefore

sought to design a cost effective web-based GPS-GPRS vehicle

tracking system that enables owners to view the present and past

positions recorded of the target vehicle on Google Map through a

purpose designed website. With the rapidly increase in number of

vehicles in Kenya, there is an increase need of tracking your

vehicle or fleet of vehicles due to the following reasons:</p>

<ol>

<li>Increase in carjacking incidences that are unresolved by the

police</li>

<li>Increase in unrecovered stolen motor vehicles </li>

<li>To know exactly where all your vehicles are and of what use

they are being used for. It will tell you what time your driver

started, how long is being spent on breaks or whether the vehicle

is being used to pursue non-work related activities.</li>

<li>Can be used to settle false claim or complaints against the

company that may arise hence prove indubitably where the vehicle

was at the time of the alleged and thus demonstrate that the claim

is bogus.</li>

</ol>

<p> A GPS-GPRS based tracking system gives all the

specifications about the location of a vehicle. The system

utilizes geographic position and time information from the Global

Positioning Satellites. In order to track the movement of the

vehicle Google Maps used for mapping the location. The GSM modem

fetches the GPS location and sends it to the server using GPRS.

<br />

The integration of GPS and GSM was first established

using SMS as a method of transmitting GPS coordinates. The

inclusion of GPRS technology to transmit location coordinates to a

remote server facilitates the tracking of object remotely using

any computer connected to the web. </p>

</div>

<div class="cleaner"></div>

</div>



<div class="cleaner_h20"></div>

<div id="templatemo_footer">

Copyright © 2015 <a

href="http://www.uonbi.ac.ke">UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI </a> |

<a href="#" target="_parent">Vehicle Tracking Device </a> by <a

href="https://www.facebook.com/gichana02" target="_parent">Gichana

Martin(F17/37585/2010) </a>

</div>

<div class="cleaner"></div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

Table 58: config.php

<?php

define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');

define('DB_USER', 'megawcoc_client');

define('DB_PASSWORD', 'GKFyn%^c0_GN');

define('DB_DATABASE', 'megawcoc_cartracker');

?>

Table 59: auth.php

<?php

//Start session

session_start();

//Check whether the session variable SESS_CLIENT_ID is present

or not

if(!isset($_SESSION['SESS_CLIENT_ID']) ||

(trim($_SESSION['SESS_CLIENT_ID']) == ''))

header("location: access-denied.php");

exit();

?>

Table 60: client_index.php<?php

if (!empty($_GET['latitude']) && !empty($_GET['longitude']) && !empty($_GET['time']) && !empty($_GET['satellites']) && !empty($_GET['speedOTG']) && !empty($_GET['course']))

function getParameter($par, $default = null) if (isset($_GET[$par]) && strlen($_GET[$par])) return$_GET[$par]; elseif (isset($_POST[$par]) && strlen($_POST[$par])) return $_POST[$par]; else return $default;

//$file = 'gps.txt'; $lat = getParameter("latitude"); $lon = getParameter("longitude"); $time = getParameter("time"); $sat = getParameter("satellites"); $speed = getParameter("speedOTG"); $course = getParameter("course"); $person = $lat.",".$lon.",".$time.",".$sat.",".$speed.",".$course."\n";

echo " DATA:\n Latitude: ".$lat."\n

Longitude: ".$lon."\n Time: ".$time."\n Satellites: ".$sat."\n Speed OTG: ".$speed."\n Course: ".$course;

if (!file_put_contents($file, $person, FILE_APPEND | LOCK_EX)) echo "\n\t Error saving Data\n"; else echo "\n\t Data Save\n"; else

?><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>Client Index</title><link href="loginmodule.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><scriptsrc="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.10.1.min.js"></script>





<script src="http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyChCCC5_hDzQbonSDvSngtZPQZd5YuMdvA&sensor=false"></script>



<script type="text/javascript"> var myCenter=new google.maps.LatLng(-1.29206586 ,36.82194647);

var marker; var map; var mapProp;

function initialize() mapProp = center:myCenter, zoom:24, mapTypeId:google.maps.MapTypeId.HYBRID

; setInterval('mark()',4000);

function mark() map=newgoogle.maps.Map(document.getElementById("googleMap"),mapProp); var file = "gps.txt"; $.get(file, function(txt) var lines = txt.split("\n"); for (var i=0;i<lines.length;i++) console.log(lines[i]); var words=lines[i].split(","); if ((words[0]!="")&&(words[1]!="")) marker=new google.maps.Marker( position:newgoogle.maps.LatLng(words[0],words[1]), ); marker.setMap(map); map.setCenter(newgoogle.maps.LatLng(words[0],words[1])); document.getElementById('sat').innerHTML=words[3];

document.getElementById('speed').innerHTML=words[4]; document.getElementById('course').innerHTML=words[5]; marker.setAnimation(google.maps.Animation.BOUNCE); );

google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize);</script></head><body><h1>Welcome <?php echo $_SESSION['SESS_TITLE_ID'];?><?php echo$_SESSION['SESS_FIRST_NAME'];?></h1><a href="member-profile.php">My Profile</a> | <ahref="logout.php">Logout</a><?php echo '



<div><center><br /><b> CAR TRACKER </b><br /><br /><div id="superior" style="width:1000px;border:1px solid;color:purple"><table style="width:100%"><tr><td>Time</td><td>Satellites</td><td>Speed OTG</td><td>Course</td></tr><tr><td id="time">'. date("Y M d - H:m") .'</td>

<td id="sat"></td><td id="speed"></td><td id="course"></td></tr></table></div><br /><br /><div id="googleMap" style="width:1000px;height:500px;"></div></center>

</div>'; ?></body>//<scriptsrc="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script></html><?php ?>

Table 61: ATMEGA328P_P

int8_t answer;

int onModulePin= 2;

char data[100];

int data_size;

char aux_str[30];

char aux;

int x = 0;

char N_S,W_E;

char url[] = "www.megawco.com";

char frame[200];

char latitude[15];

char longitude[15];

char altitude[6];

char date[16];

char time[7];

char satellites[3];

char speedOTG[10];

char course[10];

void setup()

pinMode(onModulePin, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(115200);

Serial.println("Starting...");

power_on();

delay(3000);

// sets the PIN code

sendATcommand("AT+CPIN=****", "OK", 2000);

delay(3000);

// starts the GPS and waits for signal

while ( start_GPS() == 0);

while (sendATcommand("AT+CREG?", "+CREG: 0,1", 2000) == 0);

// sets APN , user name and password

sendATcommand("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"Contype\",\"GPRS\"", "OK", 2000);

sendATcommand("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"APN\",\"apn\"", "OK", 2000);

sendATcommand("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"USER\",\"user_name\"", "OK", 2000);

sendATcommand("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"PWD\",\"password\"", "OK", 2000);

// gets the GPRS bearer

while (sendATcommand("AT+SAPBR=1,1", "OK", 20000) == 0)

delay(5000);

void loop()

// gets GPS data

get_GPS();

// sends GPS data to the script

send_HTTP();

delay(5000);

void power_on()

uint8_t answer=0;

// checks if the module is started

answer = sendATcommand("AT", "OK", 2000);

if (answer == 0)

// power on pulse

digitalWrite(onModulePin,HIGH);

delay(3000);

digitalWrite(onModulePin,LOW);

// waits for an answer from the module

while(answer == 0)

// Send AT every two seconds and wait for the answer

answer = sendATcommand("AT", "OK", 2000);

int8_t start_GPS()

unsigned long previous;

previous = millis();

// starts the GPS

sendATcommand("AT+CGPSPWR=1", "OK", 2000);

sendATcommand("AT+CGPSRST=0", "OK", 2000);

// waits for fix GPS

while(( (sendATcommand("AT+CGPSSTATUS?", "2D Fix", 5000) ||

sendATcommand("AT+CGPSSTATUS?", "3D Fix", 5000)) == 0 ) &&

((millis() - previous) < 90000));

if ((millis() - previous) < 90000)

return 1;

else

return 0;

int8_t get_GPS()

int8_t counter, answer;

long previous;

// First get the NMEA string

// Clean the input buffer

while( Serial.available() > 0) Serial.read();

// request Basic string

sendATcommand("AT+CGPSINF=0", "AT+CGPSINF=0\r\n\r\n", 2000);

counter = 0;

answer = 0;

memset(frame, '\0', 100); // Initialize the string


// this loop waits for the NMEA string

do

if(Serial.available() != 0)

frame[counter] = Serial.read();

counter++;

// check if the desired answer is in the response of the module

if (strstr(frame, "OK") != NULL)

answer = 1;

// Waits for the asnwer with time out

while((answer == 0) && ((millis() - previous) < 2000));

frame[counter-3] = '\0';

// Parses the string

strtok(frame, ",");

strcpy(longitude,strtok(NULL, ",")); // Gets longitude

strcpy(latitude,strtok(NULL, ",")); // Gets latitude

strcpy(altitude,strtok(NULL, ".")); // Gets altitude

strtok(NULL, ",");

strcpy(date,strtok(NULL, ".")); // Gets date

strtok(NULL, ",");

strtok(NULL, ",");

strcpy(satellites,strtok(NULL, ",")); // Gets satellites

strcpy(speedOTG,strtok(NULL, ",")); // Gets speed over ground. Unit is knots.

strcpy(course,strtok(NULL, "\r")); // Gets course

convert2Degrees(latitude);

convert2Degrees(longitude);

return answer;

/* convert2Degrees ( input ) - performs the conversion from input

* parameters in DD°MM.mmm’ notation to DD.dddddd° notation.

* Sign '+' is set for positive latitudes/longitudes (North, East)

* Sign '-' is set for negative latitudes/longitudes (South, West)

*

*/

int8_t convert2Degrees(char* input)

float deg;

float minutes;

boolean neg = false;

//auxiliar variable

char aux[10];

if (input[0] == '-')

neg = true;

strcpy(aux, strtok(input+1, "."));

else

strcpy(aux, strtok(input, "."));

// convert string to integer and add it to final float variable

deg = atof(aux);

strcpy(aux, strtok(NULL, '\0'));

minutes=atof(aux);

minutes/=1000000;

if (deg < 100)

minutes += deg;

deg = 0;

else

minutes += int(deg) % 100;

deg = int(deg) / 100;

// add minutes to degrees

deg=deg+minutes/60;

if (neg == true)

deg*=-1.0;

neg = false;

if( deg < 0 )

neg = true;

deg*=-1;

float numeroFloat=deg;

int parteEntera[10];

int cifra;

long numero=(long)numeroFloat;

int size=0;

while(1)

size=size+1;

cifra=numero%10;

numero=numero/10;

parteEntera[size-1]=cifra;

if (numero==0)

break;

int indice=0;

if( neg )

indice++;

input[0]='-';

for (int i=size-1; i >= 0; i--)

input[indice]=parteEntera[i]+'0';

indice++;

input[indice]='.';

indice++;

numeroFloat=(numeroFloat-(int)numeroFloat);

for (int i=1; i<=6 ; i++)

numeroFloat=numeroFloat*10;

cifra= (long)numeroFloat;

numeroFloat=numeroFloat-cifra;

input[indice]=char(cifra)+48;

indice++;

input[indice]='\0';

void send_HTTP()

// Initializes HTTP service

answer = sendATcommand("AT+HTTPINIT", "OK", 10000);

if (answer == 1)

// Sets CID parameter

answer = sendATcommand("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1", "OK", 5000);

if (answer == 1)

// Sets url

sprintf(aux_str, "AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://%s/demo_sim908.php?", url);

Serial.print(aux_str);

sprintf(frame, "visor=false&latitude=%s&longitude=%s&altitude=%s&time=

%s&satellites=%s&speedOTG=%s&course=%s",

latitude, longitude, altitude, date, satellites, speedOTG, course);

Serial.print(frame);

answer = sendATcommand("\"", "OK", 5000);

if (answer == 1)

// Starts GET action

answer = sendATcommand("AT+HTTPACTION=0", "+HTTPACTION:0,200", 30000);

if (answer == 1)

Serial.println(F("Done!"));

else

Serial.println(F("Error getting url"));

else

Serial.println(F("Error setting the url"));

else

Serial.println(F("Error setting the CID"));

else

Serial.println(F("Error initializating"));

sendATcommand("AT+HTTPTERM", "OK", 5000);

int8_t sendATcommand(char* ATcommand, char* expected_answer1, unsigned int timeout)

uint8_t x=0, answer=0;

char response[100];

unsigned long previous;

memset(response, '\0', 100); // Initialize the string

delay(100);

while( Serial.available() > 0) Serial.read(); // Clean the input buffer

Serial.println(ATcommand); // Send the AT command

x = 0;


// this loop waits for the answer

do

if(Serial.available() != 0)

response[x] = Serial.read();

x++;

// check if the desired answer is in the response of the module

if (strstr(response, expected_answer1) != NULL)

answer = 1;

// Waits for the asnwer with time out

while((answer == 0) && ((millis() - previous) < timeout));

return answer;

REFERENCES

[1] SIM908 AT Command Manual_Version 1.01 by SIMCom Tech

company, China, 2011

[2] SIM908 Hardware Design Manual_V2.00 by SIMCom Tech

company, China, 2013

[3] SIM908 Reference Design Guide_Application Note_Version

1.00 by SIMCom Tech company, China, 2011-08-10

[4] www.ijcset.net - WEB BASED VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM by

Khalifa A. Salim et al | IJCSET | December 2013 | Vol 3, Issue

12, 443-448 | ISSN: 2231-0711 443IV.

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING PROJECT...

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