Name______________________________________________ Davis/Hennessey

Part 1

UNIT 1: EARLY COLONIES & REVOLUTIONARY WAR

UNIT 2: CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT

UNIT 3: THE NEW NATION

2018

UNITED STATES HISTORY Midterm Review

UNIT 1: EARLY COLONIES & REVOLUTIONARY WAR What is the difference between the New England, Middle Atlantic and Southern colonies? New England:

long winters, rocky soil, economy based on trade

Middle Atlantic:

moderate climate led to an economy based on trade and

farming (Breadbasket)

Southern:

long growing season, rich soil, economy based on

plantations, slavery. Grew cash crops

Examples of early forms of self-government in the colonies: Mayflower Compact: signed by Pilgrims Virginia House of Burgesses: representative

democracy in Jamestown How did England rule the colonies? Mercantilism:

colonies exist to benefit mother country. Britain used raw materials from colonies to

produce manufactured goods

Triangular Trade: trade routes connecting Britain, Africa, and

North American colonies.

Salutary Neglect:

British policy of NOT enforcing laws (hint: to ignore them)

Impacts of the French and Indian War

Navigation Acts:

laws that stated colonists could only trade with England

Stamp Act:

law that placed a tax on all paper

goods in the colonies

Tea Act:

Made British East India Company tea cheaper than tea sold by colonists

Quartering Act

law that forced colonists to house and feed British

soldiers

Boston Tea Party:

event led by Sons of Liberty to protest the tax on Tea

Coercive Acts (aka Intolerable Acts)

punished colonists after Boston Tea Party, closed Boston Harbor & banned New England town

meetings

Boston Massacre

fight between colonists and British soldiers, used as propaganda to turn

colonists against the British.

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense:

pamphlet written to convince colonists to support independence from Britain

1. Britain is in debt – turns to taxing the colonies to make money 2. Reversal of Salutary Neglect 3. Proclamation of 1763:

declared colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflict with Native

Americans (angers colonists)

Proclamation Line of 1763

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Important Ideas in the Declaration of Independence:

written by Thomas Jefferson

influenced by John Locke’s social contract

theory

states reasons colonies are separating from

Britain and forming a new country

states all men are born with natural rights –

life, liberty, pursuit of happiness

Governments are created to protect the

rights of the people

people have the right to overthrow the

government and establish a new one.

UNIT 2: CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT Articles of Confederation:

America’s first government – made federal government weak and states strong – government could not tax or enforce laws.

Northwest Ordinance:

set up system for admitting new states – considered only achievement of Articles of

Confederation.

Shays’ Rebellion:

rebellion that exposed weaknesses of Articles of Confederation; showed

government was weak.

Constitutional Convention:

meeting held to revise Articles of Confederation, instead write a new Constitution

Determining Representation In Government

New Jersey Plan

proposed that states should have equal representation in Congress.

Virginia Plan

proposed that states’ representation in Congress should be proportional to the

population.

Great Compromise:

settled issue of states’ representation in Congress, created bicameral legislature (House of Representatives and Senate)

3/5th Compromise:

compromise that would determined how slaves would count toward population and representation in Congress

The Debate over Ratification

Federalists:

those who wanted Constitution ratified – wanted a strong federal government.

Anti-Federalists:

those who did not want the Constitution ratified – wanted a Bill of Rights added to

the Constitution to protect individual rights.

Federalist Papers:

essays published throughout the states to convince states to ratify the Constitution

Census: report done every 10 years to determine the population of each state, used for House of

Representatives

Separation of Powers

Legislative Branch:

responsibility is to makes laws; Congress is made up of

the House of Representatives and the

Senate

Executive Branch:

responsibility is to carry out/execute laws; made up of the President, Cabinet.

Judicial Branch:

Supreme Court interprets (judges) the laws using

power of judicial review.

Preventing the Abuse of Power:

Federalism: Division of power between national government and state governments

Checks and Balances: separation of power between 3 branches –

prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Living Constitution:

refers to the idea that the Constitution can change to adapt to changing times (amendments, elastic clause, judicial decisions).

The Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments – protect the people from government; freedom of speech, religion, protects

rights of the accused.

UNIT 3: THE NEW NATION Precedent tradition, custom. Refers to

traditions started by Washington

Cabinet group of advisors to the

President

Unwritten Constitution: everyday parts of the US government that were not

included in the Constitution (cabinet, political parties)

Elastic Clause: “necessary and proper” clause. Congress can make laws that are necessary but not listed in

the Constitution. Washington’s Presidency Whiskey Rebellion

Washington sent troops and squashed rebellion, showed power of the government

Washington’s Farewell Address

Washington warned the nation to avoid foreign entanglements, established a policy

of neutrality

John Adams’ Presidency Alien & Sedition Acts Made it a crime to criticize the government

and made it harder to become a citizen

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

Stated that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated rights and were unconstitutional,

promoted the idea of nullification

Marshall Court – important Supreme Court cases Marbury vs Madison Supreme Court case that established judicial review

McCulloch v. Maryland Supreme Court case that supported the use of the elastic clause to create the National Bank

Gibbons v. Ogden Supreme Court case that established that only Congress can regulate interstate commerce

Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency

Strict interpretation of Constitution those who believe the Constitution must be

followed exactly to the word

Loose interpretation of Constitution those who believe the Constitution includes the elastic clause so that the government

can stretch its power when needed. James Madison’s Presidency War of 1812

US and Britain went to war - British attacked US ships, impressment (kidnapping US sailors). Result was increasing nationalism in the U.S.

James Monroe’s Presidency

Louisiana Purchase Doubled the size of the nation, included New Orleans. Jefferson bought from France using

the elastic clause

Monroe Doctrine foreign policy established by James

Monroe that warned European nations not to interfere in Latin

America.