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Transcript of Ucsb Library >4®777y Ary F Nd Ant Relating to Religion ...
UCSB LIBR A RY>4®777Y
ARYF ND AN TR ELA T IN G T O
R ELIGION , CUSTOMS, GOVER NMEN T , LA N D ;
OTHER T ERMS A N D WOR D S IN COMMON USE.
WHICH IS ADDED A GLOSSARY O F T ER MS USED IN DIS T R IC TWORK IN T HE N . W . PR OV I N C ES A N D 0U D H . , A N D ALSO OF
T HOSE APPLIED T 9 LA BOU R ER S
G . T EM PLE.
W ith an A ppendix giving C omp utation o f T im e and Money, and Weights andi ‘
Measures , in British India,an d F orm s o f A ddress .
LON D ON
LU Z A C C o . ,
Publisbers to the India Office
4 6 G re a t. R u m p ," s t re e t
R OELOF F ZEN HUBN ER ,
Prin ters .
A msterdam (Ho lla n d )
PR EF A CE.
This work has been comp iled chiefly for tho s e who have not
sufficient time to devote to the study o f those languages o f Indiato which this Glos sary pertain s , and who yet, in the course o f t heir
reading of Indian subjects , feel t he want of an explanation , in asmall compass , of terms relating to the religion , manners , customs , &c.
,
of the Hindu and Mus salma'
n peoples o f India .
These terms are,i t i s true
,to be found in ex cel lent Urdii and
Hin di dictionaries ; but the latter are large and expensive works , and‘
however essent ial to students of those languages , th ey would not be
requisite for the majority of the readers to whom the present compi
lation appeal s . For these the R oman character is used in this work . .
The Alphabets ( in the same character) , of the respective languages
have been prefixed . At the same time,the students to whom we
have referred wil l derive an advantage from having in a small
compass , affording facility of reference , a collection of t hose particular
terms to which thi s Glossary is confined . The compiler i s indebted
to various valuable Hindfista'
ni D ictionaries .
This G los sary was submitted to the late D r. R OST,Librarian at
the India Office , who expressed a very favourable opinion of theadapta bility of the work to the end which the compiler had in
view.
The compi ler takes this opportunity of acknowledging his obl
t o Professor BLUMH A R D T , for kind ly looking over the MSm aking some useful suggestions .
It i s possible,nay probable
,that some errors in accen tuatio
have been overlooked, and for these the compiler must appeal
indulgence of his readers .
LONDON,1 896.
C O N T E N T S .
The Hindfis tfini Alphabe t in R oman Characters
T he Hindfistfini N umerals
The Hindi Alphabet in R oman Characters
Glossary of Indian Terms relating to R eligion Customs,
Government , Land , &c ., &c 850
G lossary of Terms used in Official D is trict work in the
N . W . P. and OudhGlos sary of Terms applied to labourers in the N . W . P. and OudhAPPEN D IX
Muhammadan Calendar
Hindfi Calendar
Moneta ry System of British India
Weights and Measures
Forms of Address
“
The Hindh‘
stahi A lphabet in Roman Characters.
N AME.
with m odificatio ns o f sou nd,
ride no t e
“ In pro nou n cing t he n ames o f th e le tters let it be remembered that thev owels a re to be u n ifo rm ly so u nded as fo llows T he unm arked a is a lwayss hort, a s a in woman , ad rift , etc . ; a is always lo ng , as a in a r t ; i iss hort
,a s in p in ; i or I is lo ng , as in p ol i c e ; 11 is short
,as I! in bul l ,
p ul l, etc . ; 3 is the same sound lengthen ed, an d p ron o unced a s n in rul e,e tc . ; 9 is sou n ded as e a in b ea r ; 0 is always long, as in n o ; ai is
p ro no u nced as a i in ais l e ; and an is sounded as in Germ an and I ta lian ,o r
wery n early like our o n in sound, or ow in cow.
”F o r these and further
rem arks on th e p ro no un cia tion o f the alphabet u sed (with sometimes slight modific a tio ns) ia th e n orth and eas t o f A frica , in T u rkey , A rabia an d Pers ia , and by
t h e Mussalm a n p ortion o f th e peop le o f India and Malacca,and for the characters ,
t he studen t is referred to F orbes’
Hindfista'
ni Grammar .
§ l“A l lY, a ccording to the orthography o f the A rabs h a s n o so und bu t that o f
it s accomp anying vowel . (Shakesp ear’s Hindiistani Gramm ar).
“A l l f is so unded a
, i or II, acco rding t o the vowel written above o r-below it .
( A rabic Gramm a r by Paris A sh-Shidyaq. )
2 THE HIN D Ue N i ALPHABE T .
N AME. POW ER .
The vowel marks which are sounded aft er the consonan t s over o r
under which they are placed consist of three , viz ;
( 1 ) f atha, or zabar written over the consonant,and hav ing
the sound of a short a .
kas ra,or z e r 7 ,
written under the con son an t ~ to which it
belongs and having the sound of i in sip .
(3) g amma,or p esh written over its consonant , and having
the sound of u in p ul l, p ush , or more exactly o f 00 in foot , h ood, &c .
a , i o r I! , gu ttural . A rabic Grammar by F aris A l-Shidiao) .T h e N o rth umbrian r
,a s in round ( D o . Ed. R ev. B . G. W illiams , B . l ) .
formerly Professor o f A rabic in th e U niversity o f Cam bridge) Sir W ill iam Jon es
(Persian Grammar) says o f a in an d gh a in— t he first is con sidered a s a con son an t ,
a nd o cca sio n s any vowel s with which—it is co n n ected to b e pron ou nced as if from
th e chest.” Indian s pronou n ce ain very slightly . In this v ocabulary we haverep resen ted th e ain either a t th e commencemen t or end o f a word by an in vertedcomma
,
‘as
‘akl
,m a
‘.
Hindfista'
ni N umerals .
35 p aintis . 69
36 ch at tis . 70
37 saii'
itis. 71
38 ath tis. 72
39 u n tal’
is. 73
40
4 1 iktal'
is . 75
42 be’ali‘
s . 76
43 to talis . 77
44 ch au ’iilis. 78
45 paihtalis . 79
46 ch h i’alis . 80
47 saih tal is. 81
48 ath talis . 82
49 n uchas . 83
50 p achfis . 84
51 ikz‘
awan . 85
52 hawan . 86
53 t irpan . 87
54 ch auwan . 88
55 p ach pan . 89
56 ch ap p an . 90
57 sa t tawan . 91
58 athfiwan . 92
59 n n sath . 93
60 sfith . 94
61 iksath . 95
62 bass th . 96
63 t irsath . 97
64 ch au sa th . 98
65 p aih sath . 99
66 ch h i’asath . 100
67 sa t sath .
68 ath sath .
4 THE H INDUS T AN I N UMER ALS .
T he following are used co llective numbers
ganda, a group o f four . saikra,a hundred .
g’
ahi,a five. haz
’
ar,a thousand .
k ori,a score . lfikh
,a hundred thousand .
chfifi sa, a forty . karor, one hundred lakh s , or
ten million s,a ‘crore ’
.
The ordinals proceed as follows
p ali la or p ah ila
o r p aima15“
dusra 2u d .
tisra 3rd .
The following are fractional numbers
p ao,
c hau t h
ch au t hfi,i
t iha,i
ad h a
The Hin dT , Sanskrit or D eva N aga ri Alphabet o f “the cit v of th e
gods,
”from Sanskrit deva,a god , and n ag a ra, a city .
The alphabet consists of fourteen vowels and thirtv-three sim p le
consonants,and each letter has bu t one invariable sound .
T he Hindi A lphabet in R oman Characters .
a,a,
1,
1,u,u,
1 1 e,
a n 0 an .
CO N SO N A N T S .
T HE HIN D iisrA-N i N L
'
MER A LS . 5
r information regarding the Hindi alphabet,and for th e
of the language , the s tuden t can consul t KELLOGG ’
S
mar. T he numerals diff er very slightly from those we
given .
“ters o f the Sanskrit letters differ con siderably from those
the Arabic, and the Persian .
lt,the letters have a perpendicular form and are written
right ; while the letters of the Hind'
fis tam alphabet are
horizontal direction from right to left .
Glossary of some Indian T erms relat ing to
R eligion ; Customs ; Government ; Land, and other
Words in common use.
( T he letter (a ) p laced after a word in th e glo ssary stands for A rabic, (h ) fo r
Hindi or Hindiistfini, (p ) for Persian ,and (s) for San skrit).
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A ch aman
A -char
A ch chh at ( unbrok en)t i lak . (mark made
by Hindus on t h e
f oreh ead) .
A ch ch u t
A dah
‘A dala t‘A dam
The name o f God or Vish nu . As a prefix
it i s a particle of negation .
A servant of God .
A kind of Hin dfi devotee who worships
Siva.Sprinkling with holy Ganges water ,purification
,royal unction .
A n adorer.
W aters of life ,‘
n ame of the fabulous
fountain of immortality .
The lotus,the moon
,the physician o i
the gods .
S ipping water before religious ceremonies ,meals
,from the palm of the hand , and
Spitting i t out again .
R eligious observance , custom .
A Spiritual guid e , a learned p andit .
Ceremony of putting a few grain s o f
rice on the forehead of an image when
addressed . or of a Brahman when invited
to an en ter ta in ment .
Eternal . A name of Vish nu .
Manners , ceremonies , etiquette .
A court of justice
N on ex istence , nonentity , privation .
GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 7
Habit,custom .
Irreligion,impiety .
A dit i The proper name of the mother of the gods .
A ditya D eities in general,th e sun .
A f t z‘
ib ( sun ) p aras t
( worsh ip p er) .
Agh or-p an t h
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
A laiya ( a crow)-bala ija
( a Sacrifice,lighted wisps with which the
Hindus divert themsel ves at the season
of the dewal i .
A worshipp er of th e sun .
The Creator .
A Sa'stra or work on sacred science an dof divine origin .
A religious order among Hindi s .
The mendicants who profess it,eat every
thing,however filthv . Hence a gross
feeder i s so called .
The god of fire , name of a Pa ran a .
Food offered in oblations,sacrifices , &c .
,
to the gods .
Contract , t rea tv .
Most praiseworthy . Prop . name of Ma
hammad , and of Mu salman s .
Barbarians (al l persons not Arabian .)Applied to a man expelled from his ye t
or cas te,then ce called aja
'
t-i.
The predestined time of death .
Articles o f religion .
A lamp which th e Hindus hang aloft on
a bamboo in th e month Kfirt ik .
The marriage knot .
A palaestra,or place for wrestling
,any
place of assembly .
Whole grain— fried— used In religious
ceremonies .
Faith , be lief.
Wisdom,sense
,opinion .
A plan t the oi l o f which is used in
enchantments .
Glory , exaltation .
8 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
“A .lin1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
‘A mala (PI. o f ‘A mil)
A
o 0 0
0 0
0
0 0 .
0 .
a .
o .
A rg ha . .
The world,universe .
High , eminent, noble ; a proper nam e ,especially of Muhammad ’s son-in-law .
Wise,l earned .
Action,rule
,sway .
‘A mil .
Collectors of revenue . A n overseer .
A turban,a tiara .
Immorta l .
A seat with a canopy,on an elephant .
or camel .
A name of Bh awan i,wife of S i va .
T he food o f the gods , Ambrosia , N ectar .Pardon of sins by th e D eity .
Boundless . N ame of Vish n u . A serpen t
that supports the earth . The name is
also given to the cord with fourteen
knot s which Hin dfis tie on their arm
on th e fourteenth day of t dOR,sukl
p achh , which i s sacred to Vishnu,and called anant ch au dis
,or anant
ch atrdise.
R udeness , injustice , immorality .
Applied to the condition of a Hin dfi
after bathing, when he mus t touch no.
one before he has prayed and eaten .
Worship , devotion , supplica tion .
Worship,adora tion .
A worshipper .
Mode of worship ; an oblation o f eight
in gredients to a g od or Brahman ; act
o f pouring out water in honour of a
deity (th e sun , moon , while per
forming worship .
The boat-shaped vessel,used by Hin dI
—IS for ‘
performing libat ions in their devotions .
N ame o f a celebrated hero , the third son
of Pandu .
A ceremony attending marriage .
When the bridegroom first comes to the
house of the bride,he i s received by
GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
A stalu—s—sfifllin .
‘A sha ra . .
A sh tfin g .
0 0 0 0 0 0
A u liyfi . .
her relations , who present to him ,and
move circularly round his head,a platter
painted and d ivided into several com
p artmen ts ; in the middle of which is a
lamp made of flour,
fil led with ghi, and
having several wicks lighted . (Hunt er) .
A ceremony , similar to the above , in
which th e platter i s moved round the
head of an image of a god .
A small carpet on which Hin dfis sit at
pray er .
The lowest hell .
The n ame of the first ten days o f
Muhar ram .
Adoration performed wi th eigh t members
of th e body .
An armv .
Mil itary , a soldi er.
A religious class o r state of mankind .
According to the Hindus there are four
such states,viz : I . Brahmachfiri
,o r
student.l l . Grih ast h a,or householder.
III. Vanap rast ha, or anchorite . IV.
Bh ikshu,or beggar .
Praise , an anthem .
A demon hostile to the gods . (The Abo
rigin es were so cal led) .
Incorporeal . Kfimdev, th e Hin dfi Cupid .
Bathing of the brid e and bridegroom
together,the third day after marriage .
A R iu dii p ilgrim ,or f akir.
The pot in which food is cooked at the
door of th e temple of Jagan nfit h for
the pilgrims .
R eligious devotees .
The soul,mind
,self.
Perfume , fragrance , essence (of roses) .
A mixed crowd of variou s n ations,a
vulgar mob .
Saints , th e apostles , the holy .
1 0 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
A va-tii‘r
Badh awa .
Bfihman . .
Bain dfi
Bairagi
Bal ( p ower) Ba larama .
Ba la’eii l en z
’
i
Bil l (3 c hild-Krish na)bh og ( enjoy) An offering presented to K rishna in the
early morning .
Bal-bakra A goat for sacrifice . One kill ed in battlewithout doing anything .
Act o f offering sacrifice to God .
Birth , descent, incarnation of th e dei ty .
(Th e Hind i—IS reckon the following ten
avatars of the god Vish nu : 1 . m at sya ,a fi sh : 2 . kach ch ap a, a tortoi se
3. vara'
ha,a hog : 4 . n ri;sin gh a , a man
lion : 5. vaman a,a dwarf : 6. p arasu
rama : 7. Su m : 8 . balarama : 9. budd ha
10. ka lki.)Torment
,martyrdom .
The summons to prayer (general ly pro
claimed from the minarets or towers
o f a mosque) .
D arling , precious . A title o f the kin g
of Egypt .
B .
’
Congratulatory song . Present s to a woman
on the Sixth,or fortieth day after child
birth .
A Brahman .
Victuals distributed at marriages .
A mark placed on the forehead by Hindus
be fore their devotions .
A n au stere recluse .
A demo n ; also a dead body occupied by one .
The Hin dfi S tyx .
A seat, or place where p eople converse .
(House of God) . The temple o f Mecca .
A kind of t ilak or mark made on a
Hin dfi’s forehead with red lead .
Elder brother of Kg ish nfi.
To take the misfortunes of another upon
one ’s self by drawing the hand over the
head of anoth er .
1 2 GLOS SARY o r IND IAN TERMS .
Bewfin ( l ike bimz‘
in ) . The automatic car of a Hin dfi di-itv
also a bier .
Bhagwant
Bha’i-ch ara
Bhajna
Bhak t
Bh'
arat .
BhatBh at iir
Bha t t
Blioiikas
Bln'
ir
Bidh or Vidhi
Biliii’i
Bishan,or Vish nu
Bismi l lah i r rahmfin i
-r-rahim
Brahma
Brotherhood .
To worship .
A devotee,a Hind i
—i actor .
India .
A warrior,a hero .
A husband .
A learned man . A title o f Mahfirfit ta
Brahmans .
A Hindfi goddess , wife of S iva .Men who preside at a temple Bhan dfiri
,
a s teward : PujTari, a priest,and
ra so’iyfi, a cook also guests at a
wedding-feast wh o eat in company wi th
the relatives of the bride .
A wiza rd , who , by his spell s brings
women and children to th e grave .
Charity given to poor people .
R ule , decree , Brahmfi,providence .
A spiri t who by altern ately whispering
sad and pleasant. things to children in
sleep causes them to laugh , . or cry .
A celestial throne,or car .
A sword knot . A custom prevailed o f
throwing a hiya-
i of betel,into the midst
of an assembly as a challenge to an y
one to perform a difficult ta sk . Whoever
picked i t up bound himself to execute
the task .
The deity in the character of Preserver
o r Vitality personified .
In the name of God the most mercifu l
an Invoca ti on used bv Muhammadans
at th e commencemen t of their books ,and generally
,at the beginning of all
actions and works .
God , Spirit , th e very soul .
GLOS SARY O P IND IAN TERMS . 13
Byfih (mar riag e)-t a-ch § n fi,
( to celebra te! . T O celebrate a marriage .
Byas or Vyass . . The Maui o r saint , the reputed collector
and arranger of the Vedas,and the
author Of the Mahabhfirat .
C hach ar
C hamba .
Chafiwar .
C ha rch a
Cha rkh
C harak—p uja (wo rship )
C har-ya r-I
C hauh e
Ch h ath i
C hhat r (an u mb rel la)ch hat r-p at i o r 4 111e One entitled to carry an umbrella
,i.e a
Bfija .
C hhat ri The second of the four Hin dfi castes .
A pole round which people play during
the h oli festival .
A tribe of beggars who cut or scarifv
their skin .
An instrument made of peacock ’s feathers ,& c .
, waved o ver the head of a sovereign ,
intended originally to keep Off flies .
Adoration . Perfuming a person with
Sandal-wood .
A wheel,especially a p otter
’s,or that
of a water-mill .
A ceremony Observed principally by t he
lower orders of Hin dfis in Bengal , o n
the day when the sun enters Aries,
w hen , for the expiation O f thei r sins
thev are suspended,by
'
means of an
i ron hook passed under the shoulder
blades,and fastened to one end O f a
lever resting on a high pole . They are
then whirled round by a rope j oined
to the other end of the lever .
A sect of Mussalmans who venerate equally
the four successors o f Muhammad.
A Brfihma n acquainted with the four
Vedas . D escendants o f such Brfihman s .
A religious ccremon v performed o n the
sixth da v after childbirth .
1 4 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Ch iha l ( for ty)
C h i rag h-i
Ch u n au ti.
Chungi .
D ach h ( learned )
D ach ch hinfi
D fiha ( from D a,t en )
A custom Observed at the funerals o f
Mussalmans,of stepping back forty
pa ce s from the grave ‘and again advan -o
cing to it before reading the service .
A description— roll .
Forty days of fasting observed by some
religious fraterni ties in the East .
A present made to the Mu llfi for o ff ering
up oblations at the tomb o f a saint .
Encouraging troops to fight . F ou r Officers
were appointed , for the purpose in
Hind i—i armies . At Benares
,on the i1 th
of J eth sh ukl-paksh Hin dus swam across
the river,and forming two sides fought.
with swords,clubs
,&c . This was called
ch un au t i.
A fakir’s ta x .
N ame of an ancient sage , father-in-law
of Mahadeva .
R eward to a Brfihman for performing
religiou s ceremonies . Fee .
N ame of a celebrated f akir .
Bu rning .
The ceremony of burning a dead body .
The ten days of the Muharram , in which
the tombs of Hasan and Husain are
carried abo ut and thrown into the river
or o ther water .
Atheism .
D es tin y ,the deity .
A temple where idols are worshipped .
A post for conveyance of letters , a post
o the'e .
S outh . The southern part of India
GLOS SARY O F IN D IAN TERMS .
D aman-i
D and-wat .
D fin t ( toot h ) . D fin t u n gli
k'
atna
D antan
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D arn-l-b awar
D firu-l-karfir
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ing u p )
O O O O O O O O O O O O
Generally written in English “dacoit,"a
robber,a pirate .
A caste Of Hin diis, descended on th e
father’s side from a Brahman and on
the mother’s from a Gwalin , a female
O f the Gwfil'
a,or cow-herd
,ca ste .
Scrap of the shroud kept by relatives o f
the deceased .
C harity,aim s-giving .
Hin dfi salutation,bow
,prostration .
To bite the finger,Is a term express ive
of being surprised .
A tooth-brush made from the branch
O f a tree , and generally used by the
natives O f India .
A wager,a cas t O f the dice .
A kind of f akir,who always plays on
the dap h , a sort of tambourin .
Place,court
,door
,mosque
,Shr ine .
A smal l carpet,a dialect of the Persian
language .
The abode of perdition,ale . hell .
The mansion of rest,the grave :
The mansion of safety,heaven .
A dervis (M uhammadan f akir) , a beggar .
The birth day of Ganga . ( Vida. Sacred
Places O f the Hindus) .
Pressing people to become Mussalman s.
A temple where idols are worshipped by
J ains,a Hin dfi temple .
T he day on which Vish nu awakes from
his sleep O f four months .
A temple where idols are worshipped .
A Hin dfi goddess,a queen .
A place of idols,a temple .
A temp le where idol s are worshipped , a
temple,a p agoda ( oft en used by the natives
to designate Christian place of worship .)
1 6 GLOS SARY OP IND IAN TERMS .
D ewali l
D ew-s tein
D h anat tar ( p owerful) .
0 0 0 0 0 0
D h arichfi
D ha rm
D ha rm or D h aram-sala .
O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O
D hora
D ig ( s ide) —siil ( a dart,
D ikp a'
il
A Hin dfi festival .
The habitation Of demons .
N ame of a physician in th e court o f
Indra .
Breeding,manners
,gracefulnes s .
Bla ck lines made on the lips with m issi
(a kind of ink) .
The name given to the second husband
of a Hin dii woman among the lower
classes . Such marriage is contrary to
Brfihmanica l teaching .
Justice,religion .
A place where aim s are dis tributed,a
resting place for travell ers .
A kind of f akir ; also a tribe Of Jats .
F ru it and flowers presented by inferiors
on festival days .
The tomb carried about in the Muh a r ram .
A fire lighted by a R iudii f akir,over
which he sits,imbibing the smoke
,by
wa y of pen ance .
A perfume burn t by Hind i—is at the time
of worshipping.
Elephant that supports one of the four
quarters of th e earth . Great .
A n unlucky day for travelling in a par
ticu lar direction .
R egion . (Brahma, for upwards ; Anan t a ,for downwards ; Indra , for east ; Agni,for south-east ; Yama , for south ; N airg ita ,for s outh-west ; Varuna, for wes t ;V § yu ,for north-west ; Kuvera , for north ; Isana
for north-east .)Faith, religion .
Friend of th e p oor. Epithets o ffPro tectOI O the poor, the D eity .
Master of the poor,A wife from an inferior family married
by a person O f rank , who gives a pre
GLOSSARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
D om ; D omra
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p urana
D urran'
i
D iit (An ambassador) .
D wfira'
bat i ; D warikfi
D wfirikfi-m—it h .
D wij a. ( tw ice-bo rn)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x!
sent to her pa rents . She ranks below
wives of equal family,but above con
cu bin es .
A low ca ste of Hindfis,also among
Mussa lmans,professional s
,the males of
w hich are musicians,and the females
s ing and dance in the company o f
females only .
Hell .
Knowing two b eds,or Ved a
,a title o f
Brihma n s.
A bride-groom .
A name of Bh awani.
A name of a Hin dfi book containing an
account o f the goddess .
N ame of a tribe of Pathfin s,inhabiting
the country about Kand ahar . They are
said t o have got this name from wearing
pearls ( A -durr,a pearl) in their ears .
They are al so called A bdfilis .
Salutation,blessing .
An angel who pa sses between Go d and
man .
A Hindu ho lv place nea r the mouth of
the Gulf Of Cutch ( Vide . Hindu Sacred
Places) .
Lord of D warika,zie . Krishna .
A Brahman .
The heel.
Look at your heel ( look at home) : a
phrase used to obviate the effect o f the
evi l eye .
Sunday .
God .
D ivine .
1 8 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS . »
F abiha
F a him
F fi h isha
F ahm
F ailsfi f (d ul oo omo g)
F akh r
F alfl h
F afi r
F a lita
F ana
F arang-i . .
F arhangF arosh ( sell ing) hal wa
( sweetmeat s) halwa
farosh
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Excellen t ! bravo ! very well !
The emperor of China .
Intelligent,wise
,knowing .
N efarious .
A harlot,anything abom inable .
Unders tanding,intellect .
A philosopher.
A sinner .
G lory , nobili ty , grace .
A theologian .
A beggar,a darwesh .
The heavens , fate .
Torch,
~a wick composed of paper in
scribed with mystic words , from the smoke
of which demons are supposed to be
expelled from those possessed by them .
Morta li ty .
Europe .
European .
Science,a dictionary .
A sweetmeat-sel ler .
Persia .
A Persian , the Persian language.
Chapter,division
,time
,season
,crop , date .
A Hin dii era .
Victory , conquest .
A judicial decree,j udgment , sentence.
An army .
An o fficer of the police , a magis trate .
D eath , failure , omission .
Property of those who die intestate
escheated to the sovereign .
Sacrifi ce,ransom .
Victorious , happy .
Gath— han dh an
Gua r iya.
G LOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
head and attended by a rat . He was
the son of Mahadeva and a daughter
o f the mountain Himal aya . He is in
voked at the commencement of every
affair of consequence .
The river Ganges , deemed sacred by
Hin di s, and on which they are sworn .
Arithmetic .
The hemp plant (Cann abis Sa t in ) . The
frui t when nearly ripe i s bruised and
smoked as an intoxicant . The leaves
when dried and ground,are mixed with
water and form an in toxicating drink .
The mixture i s ca lled bh an g and mini.
Mud prepared for making potte ry . N ame
of a rag in i or musical mode .
A wheel,th e firmamen t , the heavens .
A vessel for holding water,a flower
pot carried by musician s and dancing
women at the feast of b asan t-p anch ami,as an off ering to people o f rank , from
whom they receive presents in return .
Binding in a knot . A Hin dfi m arriage
festival,on which th e brid e and bride
groom ’s clothes are fas tened together and
conveyed in procession to a river or lake .
A name of the goddess Parwa ti.
Ib id , th e name of a rag in‘
i or musica l
mode .
Inhabitant of Gaur, formerly the capital
of Bengal ; hence,the followers o f
Chaitanya of N adiya are so called . (This
philosopher flourished about the vear
1 407 of Salivah an a .— a prince whose
era commences 78 years after the birth
o f Christ ; i t i s ca lled Saki —He was
bv birth a Brahman , and , having become
a San nya'
si, maintained that th e doc
trines o f the Vedas had been hitherto
misunderstood , and explained them in
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
o o o o o o o o o
Gfiyat ri
(l imbs-
twat “
Ghahi .
ghafr, ghu frin
Gh aib
Ghaib-dan
Ghai r
Ghai r sha r‘-i
ghalab a
Ghalat. go
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o o o o o
Gh arib
Gha rib-nawaz
Gh a rib-nawaz-i
2 1
a manner peculiar to himself. His sect
i s a branch of the Vaishnava or wor
shippers o f Vishnu . His disciples are
numerous , o ver . five mil lions . His fol
lowers believe him to have been an
incarnation o f,the deity .
N ame of a city in Bihar,a celebrated
t ir t h o r place o f pilgrimage .
A prayer repeated by Brahm ans with
the rosary .
Inadvertency,stupidity .
N egligent,imprudent .
Pardon , remission of sins .
Concealed , invisible , mysterious .
Skilled in d iscovering mysteries,a prophet
,
a di viner, omniscient .
O ther, diff erent , foreign .
Unlawfu l .
Superiority,s trength
,conquest .
Wrong , erroneous .
A false relater.
A mis take,error .
D elusive .
D elusion,deception .
An erroneou s writer .
Grieved .
Grief,sorrow .
R iches,wealth .
R ich,wealthy .
An enemy,a robber .
Western .
An hour .
A foreigner,stranger , poor , humble ,
strange , foreign , wonderful .
Oppression of the poor.Courteous
,hospitable to strangers , kind
to th e po or .
Hospitality .
Cherisher of the poor . (Often appliedby inferior persons to their superiors .)
22 GLOS SARY o r IN D IAN ‘TERMS .
Gh arik
-i-ra.hmat .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gh fil-i-bayfiban-r .
Gi r am or
Gi rja (Portuguese Ig reja,from Gr . é x x l vj o ia ) . A church .
God Bosom, god l ena, to adopt a child :
Golok N ame of the h eaven of Vishnu .
GOpal ( from Go,a cow
an d pal, who p rotec t s) .
Immersed . drowned .
O verwhelmed wi t h mercy,drowned in
the grace o f God .
Violence , inj ustice,force
,oppression
,
plunder .
One whose business it i s to wash thebodies of the dead“
A'
landing place by a river,a bathing
place .
An amba ssador, a mediator ; applied , also ,to one who negotiates a marriage .
A mountain pass . ( T he Ghaut s, on the
east and west o f the D eccan are so
called from their numerous pass es) .
An ode .
A reciter of odes .
Singing of odes .
A cloth w ith a part folded l ik e a sugar
loaf to cover the head worn over th e
body in cold or wet wea ther .
D u st , vap our , th e smalles t Arabic o r
Persian handwriting .
A n imaginary sylvan demon of different
shapes and colours , supposed to devour
men and other animals .
A demon ( inhabitant of the woods).
A musical scale,an octave .
A name of K rishn a,a cow-herd .
A tomb,
. a grave .
The name of a muni,or saint
,famou s
in Hin dfi mythology . He was the author
o f the N yaya,or logic
,and his doc
trines corresponded with those of Aris
t o t le . Got am an d his wife A h alyfi
lived in a retired forest,where Ind ra
,
GLO SSA R Y o r INDIAN TERMS . 23
G rant h
Gris h . .
Gulal .
Hab s ( R et ention) . App lied to retention of breath practised
by fakirs,as a religious act . It i s
happening to pa ss , was struck with the
beauty of the latter ; and as suming the
appea rance of Go tam,deceived and Slept
W i th his W i fe ; which disco vering , Got am
cursed them both . He wished that A h alya
might be turned into stone ; in which
s ta te she remained till R ama cha ndra
( son of D asara th a) , pa ssing that way
with his brother Lach hman,restored
her to her original form,and after she
had been purified by R ama , S he was
again received by her husband .
A code , particularly th e book of the
Sikh religion compo sed bv N anak
Shah .
The n ame of th e fourth of the six
s ea son s , from t 5th of Baisfikh to t 5th
A sharh,summer .
Clothed in patch ed garments or in rags .
A tree near a town or vi llage on which
people tie u p rags in th e manner of
votive tablets , which they believe to be
efficacious for the accomplishment of
thei r wishes .
A quilt (especially a f akir’s).
N ame o f a riig in i, or musical mode .
A farinaceous powder dyed red,which
the Hindus th row on each other in the
holi fes tival .
Important , respectable , a spiritual guide ,a teacher
,th e planet Jupiter .
A ball which devotees swallow to make
themselves in visible,a small book worn
as an amulet .
24 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Hab shan i
Habsh-i .
[ladas or hads
R adm
Hadya
115112 ( a guardian)
o o o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haft-k ishwar
Haidar
Haidar-i
considered a means of prolonging life
as extending the time in which the
predestined number of inspirations takes
place .
A female Abyssinian .
Abyssinian , a Kahir .
An accidental cause of impurity,acco rd ing
to Musa lman traditions,whereby it
becomes unlawful to commence or finish
a prayer without ablution .
Punishment agreeable to th e laws O f’
Muhammad , which fix the exact number
of lashes , Sac to be inflicted for certa in
crimes .
Cattle carried to Mecca for sacrifice .
A history , a tradition , the traditio nalf.
sayings of Muhammad .
R uin , destruction , a des troyer.
The pri ce o f a Kur’an .
One who has a good memory,who can
recite the whole Kur’an . The poetical
n ame of the celebrated Persian poet
Muhammad Sh amsu-d-din .
A retentive m emory .
An assembly,counci l
,congregation .
S even .
Abuse , idle ta lk .
A command o f seven thousand .
Seven sorts of handwri ting in Persian ,one who writes those seven hands .
The seven regions,the world .
Astronomy,the aspect Of the heavens .
F right,perturbation
,awe .
A lion,name of ‘A l i
,son-in-law of
Muhammad .
One of the sect of ‘A l i.
Iniquity,Oppression , a pity .
War,battle , co nflict .
Any great building,a palace , a temple ,
Terrible , horrible .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TE R MS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O OO
ljfijiyu-l-haramain .
Hehflgat
Hakk
Hakk ada ka rn'a
jal l-o-jalal
Hakim-b lah
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
25
( In astrology) A mark by which the
duration of li fe is foretold .
Alive .
Eternal , immortal .
Eternal .
The cholera .
A stone .
The black stone in the temple o f
hl ecca .
N eed , want, po verty ; also , hope , wis h .
Said of one who has taken part in a
fes tival , and , particularly , who has per
formed the pilgrimage to Mec ca .
A pilgrim to both Mec ca and Medin a.
Act of moving round,or going to a
p lace , pilgrimage to Mecca .
Satire,a lampoon .
A pparent praise but real satire , irony .
An umpire,mediator
,arbitrator , also ,
knowledge,wisdom .
Account,narration
,condition
,explanation ,
truth,sincerity .
A ruler,governor
,master , commander .
A sage,philosopher
,and
,commonly , a
physician .
The practice Of medicine .
Ju st , right , true,the deity
,justice ,
rectitude .
To render every one his due .
The deity in al l his splendour .
R ea lly,truly, by God.
God is great , the A lmighty .
The rights O f God , punishment inflicted
for religiou s Off ences .
A halo,or circle round the moon .
Shaking,an earthquake.
Perdition ,ruin
,slaughter
,death .
D eath , destruction .
Legal,right
,allowable
,a woman laying
aside mourning for the death o f her
£20 G LOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Halal karna .
Hal-dhar .
O O O O O O O O O
Ha ram
Har-bfilf-i
Har-giz
Ha r i
husband , at the expiration of 100 days
during which time she is not allowed
by law to re-marry .
To Slay according to the forms prescribed
by the Muhammadan religion .
A sweeper of the lowes t ~
cast e ( so called
because everything eatable i s l aw ful
food to him .
S tate,condition , circumstances .
A name of Bal a ra'
ma .
A kind o f food d ressed in the Mn
b a rram .
A ring,ci rcle
,a fraterni ty .
All,the whole
,everything .
Knowing everything , experienced , wise .
A small Ku r’an suspended to the neck
a s an amulet .
Praise .
Vanity,egotism
,arrogance , pride .
Always,ever
,continually , perpetually .
Eternity,perpetuity .
Praised,laudable , glorious .
Ardor,zeal
,
-
a nice sense of honor .
Bound together by oath .
The understanding,wisdom .
A monkey,the name of the monkey
who hea ded R ama’s forces against
Bavaria .
A name of Mahadeva .
Sacred,forbidden
,the temple O f Mecca ,
the S eraglio .
A robber , an assassin .
Master of knowledge of e very kind .
Ever .
A name of V ishnu .
Adoration of Vishnu .
A worshipper o f Vis hnu .
A servant o f Vi shnu .
The sacred enclosure of the temple o f
Mecca .
28 GLO S SARY o r IN D IA N TERMS .
Hawa ri
Hindus tan .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
brandy and wat er,a European can travel
in a single day a distan ce of forty miles,
either in search O f tigers , or to reach a
station to which he may be summoned
by busines s or pleasure (Stocqu eler.)
Having a white skin , a friend , companion ,an apostle , a disciple or apostle (of J esus
Christ) , a friend , associate , companion
(of Muh ammad) .
D esi re,lust
,ambit l on ,
curiosity .
Heart,breas t
,mind
,soul
,l ife .
Guidance in the way of righteousnes s
righteousness .
Separation,
fl igh t ; particularly the fligh t
of Muhammad from Mecca to Madina ,on the i5th of Jul y A . D . 622
,the
commencement o f th e Muhammadan era .
The n ew moon,the first and las t two or
three days of the moon .
India .
N ame of a rag , o r musical m ode , sung
in the morning o f Spr ing .
A negro , a black Arabian ,Indian
,o r
Eth iopian . A Gentoo (“ Indian . One Of
t he aborigines o f India . At Madras ou r
countrymen use this term to designate
the language and people of T ellin gan a ,who occupy the nor th-eastern portions
of the peninsula (Stocqu eler .)
India (p articularly applied to the upperprovinces) from Hin dii
,Indian , and
Stan,place
,country .
A temple O f D evi.
An impregnable fortress,the title of a
book of Musa lman tradition s .
The grea t Hin dfi festival held at the
a pproach of the vernal equinox , when
great license prevails,and the people
Sprinkle each other with gu liil , a red
powder .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Botah .
Huma
Hund'
a b ha ra
Hundavi, hundi
Hun t—id
Hushaska
I‘an at Help,aid
,assistance
,favour.
D ivine wors hip,adoration .
A devotee,a religious person .
A p lace of worship .
29
A wager,an agreement , a bargain .
Understanding,mind
,soul .
N ame of the second king of Persia of
the Peshdadiyan dynas ty .
Predes tination,des tin v.
N ame of an idol in the Ka‘ha a t Mecca
be fore the time of Muhammadanism .
A name given to ( 1 ) an eagle , (2) a
phoeni x, (3) a bird of paradise . It is
considered O f happy omen , and that
the h ead i t overs hadows wil l wear
a crown .
A coin,ca lled also a p ag oda made of
gold with an ima ge on it , p rin cip allv in
former times in use at Madras . The term
pagod a appears to have been applied b y
Europeans,who also
,by it
,designated
Hindu temples . In reference to t he coin ,
Europeans,of times long since pa ss ed
away,who had made their fortunes in
India were said to have Shaken the“Pagoda t ree”.
Contract for transportation of goods ,including the payment of duties .
A bill o f exchange .
The Hin diis.
T he i s le o f Ormuz in the Persian gulf,also the name o f a king of Persia who
reigned A D . 272 .
A kind of drum in form like an hour-glas s
( generally play ed on by bearers) .
The last breathings o f the dying .
30 GLOSSARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
-fa tir . .
gah
-ka c hand h ona . .
khim a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
‘Idu-l-fi t r
Ihsan
Ih tira z
S tyle (in writing) , speech , a word , dialect,idiom
,a trope or figure, phrase , sig
n ification .
T he thumb , suspicion ,ambiguity . adj .
covered , concealed , unknown .
The devi l ( so named because he despaired
of God ’s mercy .)
An example,warning .
A solemnity,fes tival
,h olyday . ( Vide,
b aha r
Feast of the Passover .
Feas t o f unleavened bread .
A place Of worsh ip .
To be seen on very rare occasions .
Fea st of tabernacles .
A customary presen t on the day of‘Id
,
o r on some holyday .
The festival held on breaking th e Mussal
man lent .
Anything frightfu l Or horrible , a giant ,demon
,spectre.
Breaking a fast— especially in the even
ing,when Mussalmans eat a fter fasting
all day during the month of R emu s—t u .
Act of proving the truth of a doctrine,
restoring to rights,administration o f
j ustice .
Interdicting,applied to the reso lution
formed by pilgrims at a certain distance
from Mecca to abstain from a ll worldly
enj oyments .
Beneficence,benevolence
,benevolent
actions,favour
,courtesy
,kindness .
To oblige .
Obliged,grateful .
Act of honouring,paying respect , vener
ation,reverence , attention .
Abstinence,abstaining from improper
passions of any kind,forbearance .
R endering n eceesary . ( In logic) A ffirma
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-i-maddi
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN
O O O O O O O
0 0 0
TERMS .
tion . ( In Muhammadan law) . The firs t
proposal made by o ne O f the parties in
n ego cia tin g or concluding a ba rgain .
Answering (of prayer or of a petition ) ,consent
,approbation
,compliance .
Invention .
To invent .
Hire,rent
,a farm .
A farmer of land or Of revenue , the
hold er o f a monopo ly .
Permis sion , lea ve , dispensation , sanction ,commands
,orders .
A sking permis sion .
Exertion,effort .
Act of ass embling or gathering together,agreeing together in Opinion , conjunction
in astronomy
Act of giving intelligence o r information
Act of hiding,concealing .
D ifference o f Opinion , discord , disagree
ment ; misunderstanding between friends .
Interruption,disturbance
,obstacle.
Invention,in ven ting
,fancying .
Abridgment,curtai ling .
Choice,will
,opinion
,election , authority ,
power .
To approve of,to adopt, to choose .
To be in the power O f , or dependent on .
God .
D ivine,interj . O Go d'
A remed y , medicine , cure .
In firmities,pretence s .
Inspiration .
Pretence,cause .
E fficient cause (as the maker, i f the work
of man) .
F inal cause,or purpose for which i t
was made .
Materia l cause,or the matter of which
th e thing is made .
2 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
i-suri
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-i-ladu n .
-i-mar§ ya .
-i
‘Ilm-i-riyazi . .
-i-sihr
-i-tasauwu f .
‘Ilmu-l-yahin4 1d
Imam
Imamiya
‘Imarat .
Imkan . .
Imla
Inabat
In‘fim
In‘am-i-ikram‘Inaya t . .
In dira .
Formal cause , zle. that form in which
i ts essence consists .
S cien ce , knowledge .
Poetry , versification .
The knowledge of the names, t .e . of the
attributes Of God .
The knowledge of what is occult or
absent, or what has not yet ex i sted .
Astronomy .
Philosophy , physics .
Arithmetic .
Theology .
The explanatory science,
rhetoric,
oratory , eloquence .
Inspired knowledge .
The study of perspective .
Music .
The mathematical sciences .
Magic .
T he mystic,or con t emplative science .
Certain knowledge,demonstration .
A lo ftv pillar , confidence , reliance , trust ,support .
A leader in religious affairs , & c ., a priest ;
also,a large bead in a rosary , which
remains fixed in the hand while the
others are turned over and counted .
( called by the Hin diis, Sumeru ).
N ame of a Muhammadan sect , who make
A l i the rightful imam immediately after
Muhammad .
Government, lordship , office or d ignity
of amir,a public edifice
,a fo rtifica tion .
Poss ibility,contingent ex istence .
F i lling up,completing
,orthography .
Conversion to God, repentance .
A present , a gift .
An honorable gift .
Favour , gift , present .
A large well O f m asonrv .
GLOS SA R Y OF INDIAN
Irada. [rada t m n n m
-i-‘ajam
Is lam
Isp and .
TERMS . 33
Extinction of a familv.
R epelling , prohibiting .
R ecovery,getting well Of a wound .
The regent of the visible hea vens and
of th e inferior divinities .
The wife of Indra.
A name of D eh li.
The city of Indra.
An organ of sense,the senses (exte rn al
and internal) .
Men,mankind .
Man a human being .
D es ire, inclination , design , intention,
plan .
A territo ry divided into two portions .
Babylonia or Chaldea and Media .
Babylonia or Chaldea .
The two ci ties o f Ba s ra and Kfi fa .
Persia .
Pers ian .
Inherita nce .
Jesus .
Christian .
Belonging to Jesus,of Jesus
,Christian .
The first watch of the night,th e prayers
said when going to rest .
A god,beloved person
,anything wished
for .
At p eace , orthodoxy , the Muhammadan
religion,Islamism.
A believer, a Mu h ammad an .
Ishmael,son of Abraham .
A seed burnt at marriages and after the
birth o f a chil d to drive away evil
spiri ts ; also , when a chi ld goes o u t or
comes home.
The name of an angel who,i t is said
,
will sound the la st trumpet at the
resurrection . .A seraph .
34 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Istibdad
Istibra
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Istin‘
as
It tif ak
Itt if ah-i-hasana
Constan tinople . ( I t is SO cal led by the
Turk s . The Persians name it Hus ta n
t un iya. I t is thus cal led in th e Bag h
o Bahar.)
Absolute dominion,despotism , insis ting
upon a th ing’s being done .
Cleansing,washin g one’s hands of a
bu siness or desiring to be freed from
it,the waiting of a woman ( for three
months,according to the Muhammadan
law) after be ing divorced from her
husband , t o ascertain whether she is
pregnant or not , before she can contract
another marriage .
Consulting a lawyer or learned man .
Contracting friendship,
a work or
supererogation .
Calling, citing , summonin g to appear .
Standing erect . R ectitude , in tegrity .
T he ceremony of mee ting and receiving
a vis itor,futurity .
Pride,presumption .
Absolute power , intrepidity, perseverance .
Bringing to perfection .
R easoning from induction .
Enj oying,the celebrating the solemni tie s
o f the fe sti val of Mecca .
Familiarity,intimacy , sympathy .
History . (This refers to heroic history ,fables and traditions
,as the Hin di
'
is
were not hi s torians in the proper sense
o f the term . F rom the time of th e
Mussa lman conquest the h is torians o f
India are the Mussalmans .
Agreement,equality , concord , friendsh ip ,
chance,fortune
,accident , success .
Accidental ly , by chance .
Unexpected good fortune , agreeable ac
ciden t s .
To happen , to be agreed .
36 G LOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Jabra‘Il
,
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
J add-i
J adi
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jfi’edad
Jaga .
J agadamba (Mot her
t h e wor ld)Jagaran
J aggesar . .
J igOp abit
J ah ez
J ai-jai-kar
J ai-mal
The archangel Gabriel .
A beggar, one who goes about singing
fo r cha rity .
To want,implore
,beg .
Pathway , road , the right road , manner ,practice .
A place,station
,service , employment ,
consignment .
One of th e lineage o f Krish na .A grandfather
, (plur . aj dad , ancestors) ,dignity
,glory ( of God) , happiness
,
prosperity .
Ance stral , belonging to ancestors .
A he-goat , a kid , th e sign Cap ricorn ,the dim inutive of J adi
,pronounced
J udai i s the name of the polar s ta r .
An ances tor o f K r ish na.
One of t he family of J adu .
An ep ithet of K rishna .
Sorcery,juggling .
Ho rizonta l , o r marginal ruling in a
book , a tabular form ,an astronomical
table .
An assignment O f land for the mainte
nance of any establishment .
A religious sacrifice,vigils .
The name o f a caste of Hindus.
Epithet of th e wife of Mahadeva .
Vigi l ( in a religious ceremony) , vespers .
A name of Vishnu and of Si va .
The ceremony of putting on the BrEh
manical thread .
A bride ’s portion,whatever a wi fe carries
with her to her husband ’s house .
Triumph,promotion
,preferment , victo rv ,
bra vo ! huzza ! all hail !
R ejoicings , triumph , exultation .
Garland of victory .
N ame of a musica l mode .
GLOSSARY OF I N DIAN
Jale—d-I
Ja l-ta ran g
Jam,or
Jam
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TERMS . 37
A player on cymbal s or on the tabour.
A Brahma n who presides at the perfor
mance of a religious ceremony , an
Offi ciating p riest.
A cloth thrown over the carpet to s it on .
The series O f binary combinations of
letters,beginning with J ( jim) .
The hereditary ba rber of a village to whom
fees must be paid whet her employed
or not.
An animal suppo sed . to guard buried
treasures .
A demi-god , or fairy—an attendant on
Kuvera,the Indian Plut us .
A female jak h or fairy .
D ignity ,s tate
,majesty
,grandeur , splendor ,
power .
D ivine .
A worshipper of the more terrible at tri
butes O f th e deity .
(Sleeping on the water) . Applied to
Vishnu, the only being who survived
the destruction of th e universe—rema ining
afloat on a leaf o f the bar or F icus
Ind ica,or on the great snake
,anan ta .
Musica l glasses , playing on gloss or china
bowls by rubbing the edges , a brass
vessel in which water i s put and the
edges are beaten with two sticks .
N ame of an ancient King of Persia .
The Hin dil Pl ut o,death
,and j udge of
departe d souls .
A congregation,conj unction
,collection
,
accumulation , assembly , amount , sum
total,whole
,plural number .
Accounts , settlements of revenue .
A native offi ce r.
the business of.
Accoun t Of receipt and disbursemen t ,account current .
38 GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Jam (A g oblet : amirror)Jam-Jfim shid
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“bak“Sh o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o
-bar h ahh t asl’
im karna-bar h ona .
-ba-lab
fi shan
fi shfin-i
-l-‘ali.
Jan am . .
The mirror o f Jamshid in which he saw
whatever he wished .
A Muh ammadan .
One of the seven parts o f the wo rld
( India .)A candle or illumination
,sacred to Jam
,
l ighted on the i3th of Kar t ik,Krish n
p ak sh , i.e .,three days before the
d ewali.
Li fe , soul , spirit , mind , self, a sweetheart,d ear beloved .
Animator,creator of life (an epithet O f
God .)Animating
,bestowing life
,forgiver o f a
capital crime .
To expire,to give u p the ghost .
To survive .
At the point O f expiring .
R eady to sacrifice one’s life for another .
Very hard labour,devotion , extreme
diligence .
Heart breaking,li fe reducing .
Gasping in th e agonies o r death .
L ife d estroy ing (as poison or a snake , &e .
An astrologer .
Maj esty , highness , excellency . (A term
frequently applied to persons , not entitled
to the appellation,ou t of courtesy . The
fact that certain in dividuals , t a lukdars ,or holders o f land under the Government,
were SO addressed in the N awab i times ,from the exaggerated style common to
th e East,by no means implies that t he
persons SO adressed were entitled from
their rank to the appellations . )Your (or his) Majestv or Excellency .
Birth,l ife .
Birth p lace
Birthday .
GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 39
J anam-jalTa
Jau h ar or jfih ar
Jau tuk
J awah ( answe r )-nama . .
J awana-m a rg
Burned or Spoi led from its birth,origi
'
nally bad .
Eternal death .
The brahmanical thread .
A kind o f f akir who has matted hair
and rings a bell .
The eighth of Bh'
ad ra-Krishn a-p aksh , the
birthday of Krishna.
The son and successor o f R ajfi Parik sh it .
A demon .
The south .
Madness , a demoniac .
The place at the brid e’s house where the
bride-groom and his train are received .
Surroundin g of game by bodies of men .
A royal festi val .
Caste,sect
,t ribe
,class , race .
A pedigree .
The n ame o f a tribe among R ajp fit s.
The axis of an oil or su gar-mill which
presses the grain or th e canes , a post
placed by Hind i—is in the centre of a
tank to mark i ts being dedicated to the
deity .
A moment (generally implying a fortunate
moment) , p i lgrimage , departu re, march ,j ourney
,procession
,a festival .
A pilgrim .
Applied to the custom of Hindi s killing
their wives and children,and then
committing suicide to prevent capture
by the enemy . (Literally , a gem ,jewel ,
in a secondary sense, vi rtue, merit .)D ower , a nuptial present .
A writing fixed to the winding sheet,
on the breast of the decea sed for the
perusal o f Munkir and N akir, in case
the poor soul should be too flurried to
answer their questions .
D eath in th e bloom of youth .
40 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN'
TERMS .
Ji ( a )
A cloth over a carpet to sit on .
A pocket .
A pickpocket.
The name of an ornament,bracelets .
A pile of pots fi lled with water and placed
one over the other in order to be carried
on the head . A ceremony preparato ry to
marriage,in which pots fi lled w ith water
are piled over one another,the whole i s
crowned with a bowl - o f sh arbat,and
the friends watch by . it during th e
night .
A string or line of captives chained
together,a string of buckets passed
over the Persian wheel .
A tassel .
Passion , emotion .
A storm,tempest .
To act fruitless ly or absurdly .
Brigh tness , glitter, reflection of light .
To fan,to 'move to and fro (as a fan) .
The sound of platters or of any vessels
o f metal striking against one another ,th e clash of arms in battle .
A banner,
flag ,en sign ,
. s tream er.
Continued rain,showers , storm ,
wetweather .
A lake .
A swing,the rope on which p eOp le swin g
A Slight resemblance .
False,a li e .
Liar , false .
(Among Hindus) that which has touched
food and is thereby defiled .
L i fe,soul
,Spirit (much used prefixed to
verbs,as ji-l ena, to kil l , ji-n ikal na, to
die,& c . ,
8 m.)Yes
,sir
,master
,madam . A flix ed to sur
names it i s equivalent to the Engli sh Mr .,
but,the Arabic appellation
,Sahib
,i s
added .
GLO S SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
dfibke bit kah na
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
J igijigi karna
Jilwfi
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jiw o r ji’u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jot ik . ( A st rology) Jotiki .
Jfi’a (dice, g amb l ing)
Judh ish tar
-tA gaming R ouse .
An ancient Sovereign
BEJR Pfin du
of India , so
4?
The tongue .
To speak with reserve .
An instrument for cleaning the tongue,a bit . .
Carcase,corpse .
The liver , heart , mind , courage , (used in
composi tion as , be-jiga r , without courage ,a coward ; jigar-afgar, heartbroken ;j iga r-sokh tfi, heart-in flamed
,in love
,(St e
To fawn .
Splendour,lustre
The note or tone in singing or music ,Opposite to the ba ss
,the treble .
The meeting of the bride and bridegroom
( in presence of the relations).
Capital (as a crime) , mortifying one’s
desires .
A deified saint of the heretical sects o f
Jin and Buddh .
T O live , l iving .
Genii .
Cumin-seed .
Winning,victory .
A Hindu fast,during which women who
have lost children,in order to preserve
the remainder sacrifice to,and worship
D evi.
Li fe,soul
,animated being , animal , a
lover . U sed as an interjec tion ; Bravo !
L iving , victorious .
Penance , devotion , intense medita tion .
A Hindfi fahir . A caste o f Hin dfis who
are commonly weavers . (The people O f
th is caste do not burn , but bury thei r
dead ; and the women are sometimes
buried alive with thei r husbands corpse) .
An Astrologer .
4 2 GLOS SARY o r IN D IAN TERMS .
J ug On e of the four great Hindu periods .
J uhar Hin dfi salutation,obeisance .
J fit'
i ( a shoe) . Jfiti-kar-I. A shoe-beating .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kabis
Kabit
Kabiz
u-l-arwah
0 0 0 0 0 0
Kabfiliyat
Kab z
Kach ah ri
Kach h . .
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
K . E . E h .
A cube .
A square building , the temple of Mecca .
A large dish for serving rice .
A quilted garment,a jacket .
A deed , written agreement , bil l O f sale .
Family,tribes .
A midwife .
A marriage portion .
Great , i l lus trious .
N ame of a fahir, who had s everal followers ,called Kab
'
ir-p an th i.
An earth for glazing .
A sort of verse used by the Hindus, poetry .
S eizing .
The angel o f death .
A grave,a tomb .
A burying ground .
A grave-digger .
Consent .
A written agreement , acceptance , consent .
A receipt,tax , tribute .
A hall o f j ustice, townhou se , court .
A dish made of W heaten bread and pulse .
T he name of a tribe .
H . ( from S .) dhoti, P . lan gOthi, a cloth
round the waist , passing between thelegs and fastened behind
,worn by all
Indians,even by those who have adopted
European costume .
A gardener .
A tribe of R fijp t—l t s
,claiming descent
from Ku s, th e son of R'
amach an dr. The
R djds of Jainagar are of thi s family .
4 4 GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TE R MS .
K'
ag h az
sa
s iyah ka rna .
0 0 o i o oo o o o
0 0 0 0 O O
K'
a" ida
Kailas .
Kal-ka adm l
A written document,a deed .
Thin as paper.
To scribble .
A tale,story
,fable .
A palanquin-bearer .
A proverb,adage .
A soothsayer,magician
, p riest .
Victorious,hence Cairo, the city o f
victory .
A proverb,style .
Coffee .
Coffee—pot .
A fetter,imprisonment .
A leader,a general
,the star in the tail
of th e lesser bear .
Basis,rule
,custom
,ins titution
,manners
,
th e rules o f grammar
A mountain in Hindi mythology , fabled
to be the residence O f Kuvera, and
favourite haunt o f S iva .
A sies ta .
The un i verse,creatures .
S cis sors,an oblique
,or S t . Andrew ’s cross .
The planet Satu rn .
Lampblack used to paint the eyelid s .
A camel ’s saddle .
Iron snuffers used . for the recep tion o f
lampblack.
Lampblack for staining the eye-lids .
Paternal uncle .
The alphabet .
An upper storey,a tower , a palace .
A ring worn on the wrist , bracelet .
To-morrow,yesterday
,the n ame o f the
fou rth
’
p erio d Of the Hin diis (Kali-ju g .)
An automaton,a puppet (met) a very
weak person .
A well-trained horse .
Uneasiness , trouble , a trap , a machine
a lock .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Kalam-band-i
Kalandar
Kalanda r-i
Kalas
Kalghi
Kalisa ( fr . G. éx x l ryo ia ) .
Kalm a or Ka
45
A minute,the s ix tieth part of a degree .
A word , Sp eech , discourse .
A reed (Gr . K a l a ju o g) , a pen .
Signature , s igning an agreement .
A kind of monk,who deserts the world ,
wife,friends
,& c
,and travels about
with shaven head and heard ,the fly of
a tent.
A kin d O f tent ( having a fly to it .)A dome , spire .
The n ame of a medicinal seed .
A skein or bal l O f thread . The band
round the elephant’s neck in which the
driver fix es his feet .
T h e liver,courage .
Aigrette,plume .
N ame of one O f the Hin du periods— the
fourth or present period , supposed bv
Mr. Baillv to ha ve commenced 310"
years before Christ .
A Christian church .
The 10th Hin dfi incarnation (to come)
in form O f a Brfihman to be born in
the town of Samba l,in the family of
Vishnu Sa rmi . He will ride on a horse
85 put to dea th all the wicked .
A word,Speech
,the Muh ammada n con
fession O f faith .
A Sh'
a'
s tra or sacred work ,a sacred precept ,
a day and night Of Brahma,a period
of years Of mortals , m ea su r
ing the duration of the world,and as
many the inte rval of its annihilation ,a destruction of the world .
Welfare,happiness
,name of a R ig sung
at night .
D esire , wis h , intention , t he god of love ,cupid
,business
,act
,action
,aff air , u se
occupation,employment
,packet
,mail ,
post-bag .
46
Kaman dal
Kamar .
Kamarth i
Kan agat .
Kanaha’i
Kandala
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERM S .
D eficient , less , little,seldom . (Placed
before word s as a privative prefix) , as
Kam-ash t—ih-i
,deficiency in goods , poverty ,
Kam-b akht,unfortunate
,Kam-zor
,weak
,
powerles s,& c .
A bow .
A scaling ladder made of cord — used by
thieves .
Waterpot used by ascetics and religious
studen ts .
The loins,th e wa ist
,a girdle
,belt
,
zone .
A person who carries Ganges water fo r
the use o f such as are not able to go
to the sacred river .
A servant,workman .
A shirt . (Hence , F r . Chemise,It . Camicia ,
Hind . and Beng . Kamij . )
S i lk worked with gold and Si lver flowers .
A drug used in dyeing, ( R ot t le ra t in c
t oria) , said to be a purgative and
aphrodisiac .
The ocean . N ame O f an Arabic lexicon .
A Srfiddh a,or religious ceremony per
formed daily by Hin diis during the dark
half o f the month As in, (the sixth Hin d l
—l
month when the moon i s full, near the
h ead of Aries— September) in honour
O f deceased ancestors or p i tris .
An o fficer appointed by Government to
value crops .
Valuation of crops of grain . A name
Of K rishna .
The cerem o nv of boring the ears .
A caste selling strings,who catch and
eat snakes .
A precipice,cave
,name of a place on
the ghfits , between Bombay and Poona ,where are the remains of a Buddhis t
temple .
GLOSSARYOF INDIAN TERMS .
Ka ndfifi 0 0 0 0 O 0 Q 0 0 0 O 0 0
Kfin h .
Kan ka lso v o o o o o i o i o o o o o
4 7
a witch,
A sentence O f the Vedas .
A linen (or leather) table-cloth , a feas t
held in honour of F atima , the p hrOp het’
s
daughter . N O male i s permitted to see
the preparation of the food , which mus t
on ly be eaten by virtuous women .
A n o rnament worn on the wrist by
Hindii women .
A p innacle , turret , p lumes upon helmets ,ornaments on crowns .
One of the names of K rishna,applied
to a husband .
A name O f K rish na.
A caste generally arrow-makers .
A Christian church,Jewish Synagogue
,
a temp le Of idolaters .
Obedien t to God .
A female servant .
A caste,selling strings
,who catch and
eat snakes .
( F rom Kankal,a skeleton) ,
sorceress .
A bracelet .
Husband .
A band round the neck of jogis to carry
things on .
A rosary O f beads , made of gold , or
silver,or t he ea rth of Karbala.
A fishin g-hook .
Business , p rofession , action , labour, 850
much used in composition , a s KEr-b’
ar-i,
a treader , K'
ar khina,a work-shop
, & c .
A ring worn on the wrists , a bracelet ,also ; as adj : arch , Sly , cruel .
A flat vessel (earthen-ware , iron , or brass)for cooking .
T he crash made by breaking anything,
a rigid fast .
Hind'
u worship,devotion .
An alembic,a still .
4 8 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Karamchari .
Ka rbi
Karfi’a-chau t h
An inferior o fficer to collect the revenue
from a certain divi sion of a village, t he
vi llage accountant .
N ame of the place in Irfih, where Husain ,son of ‘A li
,was buried .
The s talk of jo’ar or bajra (Holcus
sorgum and spicatus) .
A Spoon .
Exchange,something to make up a
difference in price .
A channel fo r irrigation , a subterranean
canal .
A weaver’s Shop .
Pulse,dressed with sour milk .
Loan,debt
,premium .
Bountiful,an epithet of Go d .
Laborious , a manager .
A kind of hard , an o fficer‘
in Indianarmies to encourage th e soldiers .
A transaction .
A KOS equivalent to about two miles .
Ten mi llions .
A ta x -gatherer , overseer .
A musical instrument .
Maker , Crea tor , Author .
A calf which has died stuffed , and placed
near the mother to make her give milk.
An earthern pipkin .
N ame O f a Hin dii holiday , celebrated in
the month Kfirt ik .
A cherub .
According to Muhammadans , Korah , the
cousin of Moses, whose name , on account
of his riches an d avarice , is proverbially
applied to m isers .
A loan,debt
,money borrowed at interest .
(Karz denfi) to lend .
A kind of grass of which rope i s made .
Trade,profession , gain .
An artisan .
GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Haul-name.
Kaul—Kal bfina
Kaum-o-khwesh
Kau ri
Kaz a-e-mubram
Kag'
ap e-‘um ri
-kar or Kagara”
Kagfi-o-hadr
Khabar
Khabar-dar .
karna, or
l ena .
49
An oath .
A mark made by the Hindus on the
forehead . ( aide , tika) .
To p u t the Kashha on the forehead .
A distributer .
A Species of steatites with which children
learn to write , and also used to give a
polish to stucco .
Saying,agreement , promise.
A written agreement .
A kind O f song .
Tribe,sect
,family , nation .
Friends and relations .
A small shell used as coin .
The name of a fountain or river in
paradise .
The vessels in which th e Ganges water
i s carried .
N ame O f a Hin dfi ca ste .
Fate,dea th .
Inevitable fate .
R epeating pra yers to make up for those
omit ted in th e former part Of one’s life .
By chance .
Fate,predes tination .
N ews , in formation , in telligence , report ,fame
,accoun t
,care .
Careful,cautious
,informed , an informer ,
a spy,scout
,interj .
,have a ca re ! Take
care ! frequently used , imperatively .
Caution,care .
Intel ligence-giving .
A spy,an informer
,also
,a protector ,
a p atron .
Spying,inform ing
,also aid , care , p ro tection .
R eport,sudden news
,guessing at the
future , (derived from Kh iz r,a prophet .)
To inform,to give news .
To take care O f,to inquire into
,to look
after .
50 GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Kh abbfi .
Khadam ( p lur . of Khadim)Kha f fi
Khagin a
Khai r
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Khai ru-n-nisa .
ch hfin nfi
m en milna
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Khala fu-s-sidh
Khalifa
Khal il;KhalhKhall
'
ahKhalwat
-gu z in
Left-handed .
Servants,retinue .
Concealment,a secret .
S ecret,concealed
,fine or sma ll ( hand
writing,Opposed to jali ; large , plain ,
handwriting) .
Fried eggs,a k ind of dish made o f
eggs .
Good , best , adv well,
n .,goodness
,
health,hap piness .
A friend,a wel l-wisher .
Alms,charity .
Alms-house .
Intended for charitable purposes .
May he prosper !
Welfare .
A friend,a well-wisher .
The bes t of women,F at ima .
D ust,earth .
( lit . to s ift the dust) expresses excessive
labour and exertion in fruitless search .
To die,to perish .
Thumble.
Humility .
A su cces s or,an h eir
,a favourite son
,
poste rity,adj .
,depraved
,corrupted .
True or rightful heir .
The place in which salt i s boiled ( in
Ben gal) .
A successor,a sovereign
,particularly
applied to the successors Of Muhammad
Hind,a term appli ed to cooks , tailors ,
a monitor in a school .
The Creator .
Creation,people
,mankind .
The Creator .
R etirement,sol itude
,private apartment"
private conference .
Adj .,recluse
,a hermit.
Soft music .
52 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Khat —shast r or Khat or
sh at-darsh an
Kh at tik .
Khawass
o
Khayfiri O O Q O O O O C O C O C
K hazfin or Kh izan
Springtide .
T h e heart , s oul, inclination , memory ,
will,choice .
Melancholy , dejected , sad
Encouragement,comfort
,satisfaction .
Complaisance,regard .
T O fondle , to encourage, to comfort .
To regard , to attend to .
Imprinted on the memory .
To remember .
A bedstead,a bier .
On e of the four Hind u castes , the
military .
The six philo sophical s ciences of the
Hind i—is viz ;
1 . N yaya,Logic , taught by Got am a .
Vaish esh ika,taught by Kanada . It
agrees with nyaya in some points
and differs in others .
3. Mim'
an sa,taught by Jaim an i. I t
consi sts O f rules for the construction
and right interpretation of the Vedas .
4 . Vedfin ta,taught by Vyfisadeva, the
science of theo logy .
5. S f'
tnkh ya , taught by Kap ila. The
followers of this sect disbelieve in a
creator , saying that the universe i s
from all eternity .
6. Patanjal , introduced by Sh esh an‘
a‘
ga .
I t agrees in every point with Sfin kh ya ,except that it makes God to be th e
creator .
A hunter,one who lives by killing and
selling game .
Attendants, domestics , grandees ,ministers of s tate, properties , qualities .
N obles and plebeians .
A kind of violet .
Autumn , th e falling of the leaves .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Khazana or Khiz fimn
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
harna
Kh op a
Khera
Kh e ri or Kh erki.
Kh et .
Kh eti
Khewa
Kh ich ri. .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o
53
‘A treasury , magaz ine , granary , the chamber
of a gun,treasure .
The royal treasury .
A treasurer .
The trap or enclosure in wh ich elephants
are caught .
To run after , to pursue , to persecute .
A playful,foolish girl .
A trip,voyage
,a . piece . of base metal
inserted in coin , or. cracked coin , a term
in algebra,something added to a sum .
To su s tain a loss .
An idiot,a madman .
A village .
A kind of iron,
. or . s teel made in India .
A field,a
'
field of battle,a holy place .
Husbandry,crop
,arable .
A peasant,a husbandman .
Fare,ferry-money , price Of passage in a
boat,crossing over a river .
A dish made of pulse and rice boiled
together (to thi s Mussalmans add m eat
shredded) .
It has also the fo llowing'
meanings ,viz ; earnes t to dancing women , en
gaged for an entertainment,a mixed
heap of gold and silver coin , a barbarous
mixture o f two languages , the flower
of the bar tree (Zizyp h us jujuba .)
A robe of dignity conferred by princes
on their subjects .
A black ring painted on a tambou rin .
Plaster,coarse bri ck-dust , milk , inspis sated
by boiling .
A hogsty .
A boy,a bill of ex change
,the amount
of which has been paid,remaining in
the hand of him who has paid it,by
way of voucher .
A trifle paid by those who draw water
54 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Kh ouna
Kh on ta
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Khud
Khud-ba-da ul at
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Khwaja .
(Khrvfija S hirt ! .
Kib la
at a well to the bh ish ti for the use of
hi s bucket .
The hair braided or tied up on the top
of the head .
D eficient, adulterated , bad (as coin) , false ,deceitful , also , a tent-pin , a peg , a nail ,a thorn , protection .
An alley , th e rage or curse of a god .
Habit,cu stom , disposition , nature .
Good , excellent , well , beautiful , pleasing ,amiable .
Beautiful ( face , form).
Self.
Your worsh ip,S i r ! His Maj esty , &c .
,
(much used in composition) .
Of thine,h is , &c. ,
accord .
God .
A small mat of palm leaves for kneeling
on at prayers,also a small drum carried
by beggars .
To pluck fruit from a tree,to strip o ff
honours , or decorations .
An instrument for scraping grass for horses .
A serm on after the service in the mosque
on Friday,in which the preacher bles ses
Muhammad , his successors,and the
reigning sovereign .
A man of distinction,a rich man .
The name O f a prophet skilled in divi
nation,and who i s said to have discovered
th e water o f li fe ; h ence , he is considered
as the saint of waters . The Muhamm a
dans Off er to him oblations of lamps,
flowers, &c . ,
placed on little rafts and
launched on the river,particularly on
Thursday evening in the month of
Bhadon and it i s in his h onour that
the feast of the b e ra , i s held .
Anything Opposite , the direction of one
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Kib la
Kimiyfi (samba ).-ka rna . .
Kinar or Kant—in .
Kinar kh ain ch na .
p rep . Kan'
araKinara
O Q O O O O O Q Q O O O Q l .
praying , hence Mecca , as a fo rm of
address,i t signifies ; Worship ! Father l
T h e Kib la o f t he world,your Maj esty !
Showing the direction of Mecca,the
mariner’s compass .
Word,speech .
Convers ation , controversy .
A fort .
M inced meat .
D ice , or any game of hazard .
A gambler .
Price,value .
Alchymy,chymistry .
To do anything with to work m iracles .
Malice,spite
,rancour
,hatred .
Bosom , embrace , side , margin , edge .
To give up,to quit , to leave .
S ide,margin
,part
,limit
T O abstain , to refrain .
Withdrawing.
A s ide .
A kind of fiddle .
Bel ls,tinkling ornaments .
Pi tch .
Conjunction of the planets .
A seed of the Abrus p recat oriou s, used
as a weight,a carat
,the twenty-fourth
part O f an ounce : four barley-corms .
Hire , fare , rent .
A tenant .
God th e Creator .
Crim son ( the origin O f the word) .
Farmer,ploughman .
The law of retaliation .
The case ( or bag) in which barbers ,surgeons
,& c keep their tools , a piece
O f leather worn by a bih ish ti or water
man on his left hip,on which he rests
the bag containing water .
56 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Kisbat-nama
Kish an
Kishm ish
Kish n iz
Kish t . .
Kish t-kar
Kish ti
Kish t i-ban
Kismat
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kis t
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
S’
ahib-R iyasat .
Koba
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A . book containing the histories o f bar
hers , surgeons , &c . , and directions for
th eir practice , the bih ish tis also have
such a book .
See Krish na .
R aisins or currants .
Corian der . (Coriandrum Sat ivum) .
A so wn field .
An agriculturist .
A ship , bark , boat.
The master of a vessel .
Fate,fortune .
Husbandry,agri culture .
N ame of a Persian King,applied to»
Kings o f Persia .
A tale,a story , a narration .
A storyteller .
In short,in one word .
To settle a dispute .
A quarrel , a dispute .
Portion , instalment , ta x .
Settlement of the revenues or taxes bv
instalment .
A book,scripture .
Pellicle o f a date stone , name of the
dog that accompanied the seven sleepers
The general resurrection .
Judgment,Opinion .
Ingenuity,vivacity
,cunning .
Ingenious,sagacious .
A wooden instrument for beating mud”
or kankar on rooms and terraces to
make them level .
A cabbage .
Husbandmen,a Hindu caste whose
profession is husband ry .
A gilder .
A foster broth er .
One of the caste of oilmen .
A n ew rope of fine cotton , facing of a dres s
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kridan t
Kris h a or Krishna .
Kubb a
A keeper of an armoury,a wardrobe .
An armoury,a wardrobe .
A score .
A dish of mea t,rice , &c.
A measure of abo ut 2 mi les .
A dictionary .
An apartment,a house of brick s .
A small house (of bricks or stone) ware
house,and
,generally
,where busines s
i s transacted .
T he chief o flicer O f police in a town .
A pla ce or ba ll for the o fi ce of a
Kotwal .
N ame of a treatise on syntax .
Black,dark blue
,name of a Hindu Incarna
tion . The most celebrated form of Vishnu,Vishnu himself
,distinct from the ten
avat firs or incarnations . He was th e
y ounger brother of the.third R fima
(Ba larfima) . His pa rents were Vasud eva
and D evaki : but he was brought up in
the house of N an da and Yashodfi, to
conceal him from the tyrant Kan sa whose
death from a ch ild so born was predicted .
He passed his youth among the gOpfils
and gop is . Like the in fant Hercules he
vanquished a serpent— Kfiliya and slew
many monsters and giants . He put Kansa
to death,protected Yudhish thira , and
kindled th e war described in the Ma
hfibhfirata . He i s th e A p ol lo of the
Hin diis,and i s supposed by Colonel
Wilford to have lived abo ut 1 300 years
before Christ .
A n act , obsequies .
A street .
S treet by street,in every s treet.
A well,angle of the eye , a slice O f th e
jack fruit,cocoon O f the si lk worm .
A vault,arch
,dome .
K t'
ikri .
Ku l-p fij .
Kumfish .
Kumbh
Kumhar
Kumhuma
Kt—mch .
Ku n fit .
Q0
0 O
0 O
0 O
0 O
0
0 0
Q 0
0 0
0 D
0 0
Kuhwara
o .
o
o
0 0
0 0
0 0
o
0
0 0 0 .
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0
C 0
o o o
0 0 o
O o
0 0 O 0
O 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
A street , or lane .
Power , authority , omnipoten ce.
Holiness , the angel Gabriel , Jerusalem .
Tribe , family , ca ste .
Maize, Indian corn .
R eading of the sum or chapter of the
Kur’an,entitled Ku l h uwa-l-lah
,which
i s done,by way of benediction
,over
fruits and sweetmeats presented to the
guests,at the conclusion of th e annual
religious feasts,held in commemoration
of ancestors and other re lations . Hence
the term signifies conclusion .
Family , pedigree , race .
The goddess o f a family .
A potter .
A house,cottage .
An earth en ve ssel to drink out o f.
A Slave,labourer
,porter
,a cooley .
A kind of bread .
R e spectability of descent, nobility .
A house-steward .
The object of family worship , th e family
pries t .
A kind o f bread .
Breeding,manners .
A water-pot , A qu arius.
A potter .
To hold,a vessel ( in Hind .) in which
th e red mixture which they throw at the
h oli i s con ta ined .
A little black and red seed u sed as a
weight by goldsmiths .
A vessel for kneading bread in , a platter .
A vessel in which snuff, bh an g , &c
a re ground .
F rom Kanat— to be obedient to God
devotion,piety .
A boy ,the son of a R fijd.
A prince,heir apparen t .
60 GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
La-h all D iflicu lt, abstruse not admitting of so lution .
Unproductive, p rofitless .
-haul wa la hfiwata
il la bi-l-lah i
-dil
shakk .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lachar
Lach ch h an
Lachmi
Lach na
Lid .
Lad p h ana
Lfidan ( Gr . A dda vo v . )
Laf L'
afz an
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
There i s no power nor virtue but in
God,i.e, , there i s no striving against fate .
Without a heart,heartles s .
D oubtles s .
Without heir.
Eternal , that ceases not
imperishable .
Lip .
Fastidious , fretful , a prig .
Conversation .
Brimful,overflowing .
A supplication,request .
R idicu le , irony , j est , flattery .
A club .
N ame of a fruit . (Coadla myx a) .
The juice of the sugar-cane when boi linginto sugar .
A liar,a tattler
,left-handed .
A foolish fellow,a simpleton .
S ign,mark
,the goddess of abundance ,
the daughter of . the ocean,and wife
of Vish nu,
She i s al so called Padma,
KamalTa and Sri, and corresponds with
t he Ceres of the Latins , prosperity ,wealth .
To bend .
A load .
Loading and packing .
Ladanum ,a resinous substance exuding
from the leaves and branches of the
Cis tu s cret icus .
Boasting, vanity . A boaster .
A word,saying .
Striking,
fixing,a stroke , enmity , ran
cour,Spite
,aff ection , love , cost , expend
iture,a secret , approach .
A brid le,a bi t .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Lah arn a
61
A moment,the rt sm g of a Sign of the
zodiac,a ffection
,friendship
, lo ve ,esp o u sal ,
appointing the day of marriage,a flat
d ish .
To apply,to add , to fa sten , to fix
,to
Shut,to impute (anything to a person) ,
to repo rt s candal , maliciously .
To excite quarrels .
Series,adherence
,in tercourse .
Connection,application .
A pole,a staff.
To fall in love .
A kind of cloth resembling gauze .
Advantage,welfare
,lac .
F lame,plying o r . as cen ding (as dust) .
A niche in the side of a sepulchre in
which dead bo dies are deposited , also ,in Hin dfistfin , the place where the dead
are washed .
G litter .
To glitter , to shine , to wave (as herbage
before the wind) .
A wave,whim
,fancy
,vis ion
,emotion
,
the eflect O f the poison of a sn ake , a
waving (pattern in embroidery) .
To wave,to undula te .
A kind of parroquet .
N ame of a plant .
R ice-milk eaten by bride and bridegroom .
Blooming,
flouri shing .
To bloom,to flourish .
A sound,a note
,melody , modulation .
To answer,to signify , to find , to ex p e
ricuce,outstanding debt
,fate
,destiny .
Quaver,shake
,trill ( in music) .
To tantalize,to put o ff , to undulate .
Garlic , a' freckle .
N ame of a precious stone .
Blood .
N ame O f a plant .
62 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TE R MS .
Lz'
t’ik
[mild o r Laill
Lajalu
Lajaward .
Lfikh
lagana .
Lakh au tfi
Lakh p at i ( from lakh,
hund r ed t housand,and
p ati, mast e r, owne r) .
Lahk-o-dahhLahlaha
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Voi ce,sound
,tone , melody , symphony ,
arden t affection,immersion
,absorption .
Parched rice mixed with sugar .
Worthy,proper
,fi t
,sui table
,able
,capable
,
qualified,adapted .
N ame of the celebrated mistress ofMaja
( the name of a celebrated lover whos e
amours with Lailfi are th e subj ec t of a
poem by N igfimi) .
Bash fulness,modesty
,Shame .
Importunity,adulation .
The name of a sensiti ve plant, (Mimosa
natans o r p ud i ca) , bash ful .
To be ashamed or abashed , to blush .
Azure,lap is laz u li.
Said to be the name of the inventor o f
chess .
To soften .
A kneading trough,a tortoise .
A title,surn ame ( either honorable o r
opprobriou s .)Gum lac
,a kind of wax formed by the
Coccus lacca , a hundred thousand .
To Shut up or conceal .
Besmeared with lac .
To smear with lac,to glaze .
R ich .
D esert , waste , dreary .
A stork,the voice of
,a continual motion
of the jaw or of th e tongue ( in serpents) ,
eloquence,pronunciation .
An in fant boy,a son .
A boy .
A tulip .
S ir,master
,a schoolmaster .
A slave .
A girl,impotent .
R e dness .
G LOS SARY OF IN D IAN TERMS .
— K§ f kah fia .
karn a
Lam-ch h ar
Lani
Landfirfi
Langar
p ar hona .
u thfinfi
Lan gh an .
Langot, langota, langot-i.
b and
Lan go tiya-yar
Lap ak .
Lap ak na
63
A kind of ruby,also a counterfeit ruby
.
D esire,view.
A ringlet ( the letter L ,so ca l led
,being
curled) , crooked curled .
To abuse,to give abuse .
Long,tall .
To lengthen,to beat .
A long musket .
To bring,to breed
,produce
,make .
Tailless , applied to a person without
friends .
An anchor,a stay o r rOp e fo r suppo rting
a tent, an alms-house .
To be at anchor .
To weigh anchor,to feed the poor .
Fast,fasting.
A cloth wo rn by Indians passing between
the legs,and bound round the waist .
A bandage to which the abo ve i s fastened ,
one devoted to celibacy .
An old friend from childhood,a very
intimate friend .
Lame .
Worthlessness .
To limp .
A large Shallow pan,made of metal ,
and generall y used to knead bread n .
A sausage .
A baboon .
Covetousness .
A handful,the Space in the palm of the
hand closed so as to hold water . Indians ,generally form a hollow by joining the
palms of both hands for the purpose
o f holding water or other liquid to
drink .
A flash of lightning,the spring of
tiger or other wild beast .
To flash (as lightning) , to spring or rush
upon,to attack .
6 4 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Lap etan
Lap et-jh ap et or -sap et
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
fish
Li'
tsh a i
Lashk ar
Lashkar—gTah “
Lashkar— kash-i
Lashkar— khalfis
Lfit ( ca)
A fold,a ply
,envelope
,twi st
,bandage
,
fil let.
Evasion,subterfuge .
A roller on which cloth i s wound on the
loom , a button .
To wrap up , to fold , to pack , to spread .
Twisted , ornamented with gold or Si lver
thread wound round i t .
To j ump .
N imbleness , a bad custom or habit .
A stitch .
Brocade,gold or silver c loth .
Caress,play
,Sport .
D arling , dear .
A n vthing clammy or glutinous , the mi lk
of plants .
A dead body,corpse .
An army .
A camp .
R a ising of forces .
A trull .
N ame of an idol worshipped by the pagan
Arabians .
Bad habits,whim .
The hanging branch of a creeper .
Tangled hair .
A kick .
D irtv clo th ( soiled by keeping) .
A creeper,a vine .
R educed by sickness , emaciated , lean .
A kind of food eaten by the poor, (Mah ii’a
pounded with grain,Mah fi’fi i s a tree
from_the leaves or flower of which an
into x icating liquor i s distilled) .
A staff,club
,stick . (These sticks , generally
o f the he-bamboo and bound round with
iron or brass rings , make form idable
weapons,they are frequently used in
fights,and z amin dfirs arm their fol lowers
G LOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Lith i path i
Lat l_Ih ora
Lat-marda n men parna .
marna
Lau lag an a
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
65
with them as weapons bo th of offence
and defence .)Beating with lithis .
To become entangled .
Incantation,conjuring rod . A philter
,
a quack medicine .
Kicked , beaten , com temp tible ,mean , a
Slave, a threshold .
An obelisk , a pillar , a club or staff, the
vertica l part of an oil-mill .
T O be trampled under foot , or disgraced .
T O kick.
The flame of a candle , any pointed flame .
A plank,a table , a bo ard (espe cia lly on
which anything is written) .
To be constant in prayer and devotion
The frequent and long continued repetition
of any saying ( particularly of a dying
man calling on God,or of a lover on
his mistres s) , to have a constant desire
or craving for anything .
The tablet and pen on,and with which
the decrees o f the D eity are written .
Servants,domestics
,followers
,family .
R equis ite s , baggage .
Pasture , provender.
Paste .
To take away,to carry
,to run away
with,to submit
,to win .
Account , reckoning .
A write r , a ccountant .
To take,receive
,accept o f
,to take by
force,to extort .
Borrowing and never paying .
To take,accept
,receive
,buy
,win .
Traffic,trade
,barter .
Plaster falling from a wall .
Mud to plaster a wall with .
Fate, p redestination , destiny,writing
,
written .
66 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lokalok
Lek-p al
-rach ch has
Lon-ar
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
The wages of writing,the labour o f
‘
writing , the art or business of writing .
To write .
A pen .
A writer , amanuensis , copyist .Membrum virile, ' the emblem of Mah a
deva, and an object o f worship .
A kind of gum,incense
,benz oin
.
Avarice,temptation .
N ame O f a tribe,a hu sbandman .
N ame of a caste Of Pathan s.
People .
Woman .
I ron .
N ame of a caste of Pathans .
A blacksmi th .
People,a world
,region
,country . (T he
Hindfis divide the Universe into three
loks o r,
region s , viz . I . Swarg-lok , the
Heaven . I I . Mart-10k, the earth , the
region.
under the sun . III . Pi ta,the
region under the earth .
A chain of mountains surrounding the
world .
Supporter or cherisher of a world or
people,a king .
A demon . (The spirit of a wicked man
converte d into a demon .
Hair,the base of a triangle .
Salt .
Salt,brackish .
N ame of a fruit . (Ann ona ret i cu lata) .
Salt lands , a salt-pit .
To sp eak . hyp erbolically or in high-flown
language .
D isappea rance , vanished .
Tear , tears .
A stone pestle.
A pot, p ipkin (made generally of brass
an article in disp en sable to Hin dfis) .
68 GLOS SARY o r IN D IA N TERMS .
Machfi .
Mach ch h
Mach ch h ar
ki jh fil ka ch or
Ma ch ekhi ( IL)Mach ch hi ( 8 .
Mach h li
Mach iya
Mad
Mada
Madad-gar
-khwah
Madan
Madari
A large bedstead or platform ,a frame
on which persons sit to drive away birds
from corn-fields .
A lazy person who never s tirs from h is
bed,a R
’
aj p iit so ldier , naturally indolen t
and addicted to opium , but acti ve and
brave when roused .
A fi sh,the n ame of the first avat i
’
u’
,
or incarnation,when Vi shnu appeared
in the Shape of the small fish , sap ha ri,to Sa t yavra t a , or Hayag riva , to warn
h im of the general deluge , and desire
him to place the four Vedas in the boat
which h e (Vish nu ) would preserve . The
fi sh was first taken up by Hayagriva
in hi s hands when bathing , being then
of the Size of a Piith i ; but it grew too
large to be contained in a tank or river ,and was ca rried to the sea ; where ,afterwards
,i t supported the ark with
its horn . Sa tyavrata li ved about 3000
years be fore Chris t.
A mu squito ,a gnat .
A petty pil ferer .
A kiss .
A fish (fo r mach h li.)A fish .
A stool,a chair .
Pride , wine , Spirits .
Female,a female .
Assistance,help
,succour .
An ally,protector .
Assistance .
One who asks ass is tance .Love , lust , a name of Kfimadeva, g .v . ,
name of a medicinal plant,D atura .
A circumference , a centre , a station , a seat ,a place of turning to or returning from .
A juggler .
S teps , degrees , ascents , . ways .
GLO S SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Madarij-i-ka'
r
Maddfih
MR ddi-ya t
Mad h-khwan
Mad h-mas .
Madhm z‘
t t z‘
t
M‘
ad ho or Mfi dhava”
Madhu-ban-p ur
-p u ri
Mad h nkar
Madh iikri
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A chief manager of bu siness,name of a
celebrated Musalman sain t.
Exten sion,a mark pla ced over A to
to lengthen its sound,i t produce s soun ds
of other vowels to the following sy llable ;
A matter,subject
,article
,a ffair
,clau se .
An encomiast,panegyri s t
Materia l .
Subs tantialness .
Tide,the flux and reflu x of the sea .
A tomb,a bury ing-place .
Pra ise , commendation .
A p lace for the reception of the bride
and bridegroom .
A hard,eulogist .
M idd le o f th e month .
Intoxica ted,dru nk .
A name of Krishna or Vishn u .
N ames o f Math uri, the birth-place of
Krishn a.
A bee , name of Udh av ,a relation ofKrish na .
A kind of bread baked on live coals
( charcoal) eaten by fahirs, victu als given
in alms to pilgrims .
N ame of a rig ini or musical mode .
A name of Krishna, who Slew a demon
named Madhu .
Lon g , exten sive.
A place of refuge .
Evils .
Joints .
Comprehended,under sto od .
Paralytic .
Ind igent , distressed , unfortunate .
G lad tidings .
Separated,divided .
R equisite as a sacred duty , indispensable .
N ame of a country ,including Patna and
Gaya, Sl c .
70 GLOS SARY or INDIAN TERMS .
Maganfi
Mag as-ran
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Magh rab , Magh rib .
Mah Ta . .
Mahabat
MahE-bhfirat .
-brahman .
Mahadev . .
Malia-dol .
Maha-jan
Mah R -korh
Mahall
-i-muj ra
Maha-mfiit s .
D eligh ted,glad .
To send for .
Transport,delight .
An alligator .
A fly , a kind of Indian com .
A fly-flap .
N ame o f the 1 0th Hin du month .
Absolution,remission .
The west,sunset .
Great,i llu strious
,very
,extremely .
Majesty , greatness , reverence , fear , awe .
One of the two great Hindu epics , ( the
other,the R fimfiydn , composed by VRI
mik i ; contains the history of R ama)S igni fying the great war of the descend
ants o f Bh a r at ( R'
zimfi’s brother)—was
written by Vya sadeva , and gi ves an
account o f the wars o f the PR ndavss
and the Kaura vas.
A Brahman who ofliciates at funerals ,and i s first fed after the mourning for
a dead person .
A name'
o f S iva, one of the gods in theHin dfi t rinity .
A large and splendid sort of sedan or
p filki.
A banker,money-dealer
,merchant , a good
or trus tworthy person .
A species of leprosy in its most malignant
form .
Formidable,dreadful (places)
A place,house
,building , seraglio , station ,
time,Opportunity , occasion .
The place of obeisance , clearance o f
accounts.
Human flesh ( one who takes money on
giving his daughter in marriage , is said
to sel l mahamafis,human flesh .)
Plague , pesti lence , any epidemic .
Seriou s aff airs , an important transaction .
Maha-p ras ad .
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
GLO S SARY OF IN D IAN TERMS . 71
A religious supe rior , a chief of fakirs,the head priest of a temple who has
charge of the treasury .
Atrocity,great Sin .
The meat wh ich is offered to the deity
(especia lly to Jagan n iit h ) and afterwards
distributed .
R eins , a bridle , a piece of wood put th ro ugh
the nostri l of a camel to guide him by,
Great king ,as a form of address to superiors
,
excellency,used by inferiors
Brahmans are so addressed .
Originally the supreme king , now g'
eh'
er
al ly applied to quasi-independent princes
in India.
A food given to horses , a mash of beans .
N ame o f a di sh , consisting Of rice or
other grain,boiled in Sourmilk .
A name of Mahfideva .
The earth,Mah i-pa t , lord of the earth ,
a king .
A fish .
A fish ’s tooth of which hilts of swords
are made .
A fishmon ger.
A fisherman,an otter .
Certain honours,of which the privilege
i s especially conferred on princes and
great nobles,they are denoted by the
figure of a fi sh , with other m srgm a (twoballs) , carried as ensigns upon elephants .
Monthly salary .
A funeral feas t-among fahirs .
A portion or gift settled upon the wi fe
before marriage .
A palm-bearer (mahrai denotes his o ccu
patiou,and is als o applied to a song
among cowherds .)N ame of a tree from the flowers of which
the common Spiri tuous liquor used‘
by
72 GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
-fa t esh-liada
-hh or
-l_Il_twar
Mai-nosh-i
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mait h al or Mait h il
Maj
Majal is
0 0 0 0 0 0
Maj’h iiI-i
Maj’h i—Il-i-m u t lah
Majid
Indian s i s distilled,the distilleries
a rmed out by the Government to
ighes t bidder .
Mother
Wine , spirituou s liquor .
A wine-drinker .
A vintner .
A tavern .
A wine-bibber,a sot .
Pure wine .
Wine-drinking .
D irty,defiled .
F ortune,prosperity
,happiness .
Fortunate,auspicious
,prosperous
,a
babo on , monkey .
An inhabitant of Mith ilfi ( T irh u t ) .
R ipe , yellow .
Power , ability strength .
Conferences,assemblies
,convivial con
versation .
Congrega tions .
Lawful,admissible
,insincere
,feigned
,
metaph or .
Adv . superficially ,adj . metapho rical
,hy
p erbo lical , unreal .
Constrained,helpless .
Constraint,force .
G lory , grandeur , the honour derived from
ancestors .
Wrangling.
An asylum,a hiding place .
Oppres sed with labour or vexation , ca re ,trouble
,vexation .
Unknown , l ittle known .
Ignorance .Very indolent or useless .
G lorious , honoura ble , noble .
Small cymbals .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Majmfi‘a-dar .
Majnun
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mahab i r (plur . ofMahbara ,a burying place
,a tomb)
Mahbara
Makhad im
Makhaf at
Makhaiyir
MakharliMakhdfim
, m.
Makhdfima, f .
73:
Cheap , that which i s so ld under p rice ,bought
,second hand .
N ame of a drug used for dyeing red
( R ubia manjit h ) .
An assembly,a compan y
,congregation ,
convention .
An assembly,a collection .
A chafing d ish,a censer for incen se ,
perfume .
A crowd,a ssembly
,a collection
,maga
zine,compendium
,a form (in printing) ,
adj,co llected , assembled , all , th e whole .
A record keeper,a title given to the
servant s of a Kfin iin-go (an oflicer in .
each distri ct,acquainted with i ts cu stoms
and the nature o f its land tenures) .
Insane,in love
,the name of a celebrated
lover,whose amours with Lailfi are the
subject of a poem by N igfimi.
A guebre or follower of Zoroaster , and
who con forms with th e Zen davest a,
Mag i. The Pa rsis are the re p resent
atives o f this fai th in India .
Tombs , sepulchres .
Frauds , cheats , snares .
Speech , discourse sentence, word .
D welling , mansion a place of residence
or encamping ,halting of an army
,place
in a book .
A burying place , a tomb .
Power , abilily , possibility .
Servants,domestics
,ministers .
D reads , terrors .
Expenses,disbursements .
Bountiful,chari table , l iberal .
Butter .
Served,lord
,master
,mistress .
“
74 GLOS SARY o r I NDIAN TERMS .
Makhdfim-‘
iyat
Makh lfik
Makh lfikat (Plur .)Makhlu t
Makhm al
Makhmaga
Makkh i
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
c c c c c c c c c c
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mah tab
khana
Mil ( a .)
Mal ( A )
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Mast ership .
Created,formed
,creature .
Things created .
M i x ed,blended
,confused .
Velvet .
Hunger,wretchedness .
A fly,th e Sight of a gu n .
A m ise r .
To be idle , to trifle .
To flatter,to perform servile Offices for
any one .
A bride’s veil .
F raud,imposture
,evasion .
A kind of grain , a Spider.
Honour,glory
,nobleness , generosity .
To m ove by winding about or crookedly ,to be averse
,or act to the contrary .
Len t .
A part,a portion .
The last verse of a poem .
A school .
Property .
A garland .
A champion,a prize-figh ter.
AHin dfi ro sary ,a n ecklace ,a garland , a book.
Fu l l .
N ame of a mountain noted for its Sandal
wood .
Cream .
Angels .
A locust .
Sadness,anguish
,vexation , langu
'
or .
R eproach , rebuke , blame , reviling .
To cause,to rub
,grind or scour .
A kind of darwesh .
A salt-m aker .
N ame of a ragin i, or musica l mode sungduring the rains .
76 GLOS SA R Y o r INDIAN TERMS .
Marsiya
Mfiru
Marz b an
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mash’h ad
Mash shata
Mash ru‘
Masih , Masih a
-i-j'
ami‘
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
An elegy , a ( lirge , a funeral eulogium ,
particularly one sung durin g the Mu h
a rram in commemoration of the descend
ants o f ‘A l i.
N ame of a rag or musical mode , also
o f a kettle-drum .
A governor o f the frontier.
The precepts O f Muhammad .
A fable,Simile
,proverb.
A place where a dead body,i s burned
,
an evil spirit
A p lace o f martyrdom ,of assembly
,a
tomb .
A tire-woman,one who dresses hair
,and
who prepares a bride .
Initiated . Prescribed by law,also the name
of a kind of cloth made Of si lk and
cotton mixed— in which i t i s lawful fo r
Mu salmfin s to pray,they being forbid
den to do so in a garmen t entirelyof silk .
Messiah,Christ .
A mosque .
A great mosqu e .
Worshi pped , adored .
A Hindi—t college or convent , a pagan
temple .
The place of rIsm g— o f th e sun , the east ,th e opening of a poem .
A judge,master
,also , a slave .
A learned man .
Of inferior caste among Ka'yast h s .Poetry chanted before the bier of a de
ceased person when carried out
A person who chants before th e bier of
a corpse
I llusion caused by the deity and by
which mankind believe in the reality o f
ex ternal objects which ex ist only in the
imagination .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mekh
Mekh i ru paiya .
Mela .
Me r l—t
Mich
Mih rbfin-i
R eligion,sect .
The eart h , a body of pilgrims to the
tomb of a saint .
A cloud,name of a rag or musical mode
appropriated to the wet season and last
watch of the night before the first dawn
of day ,and said to have proceeded from
the head of Brahma,or else from the sky .
Lord of the clouds .
The thunderer .
A ram,the Sign Aries .
An adulterated rupee .
A fair,an ass emblage of Hin di
—18 for a
religious ceremony,as for bathing in
some ri ver held sacred,especially at the
junction of the Gang es and the Jumna ,and the Saraswati
, ( ca lled after the
goddes s of sp eech and wife of Brahma"
)
of which,however
,all traces are los t .
This junction is at Allahabad ( the Hin dii
Prfig or Prayiig ) and considered p ecu l
iarly sacred , immense crowds of devotees
assemble here to bath e at the full moon
of th e migh , the n ame of the t 0th
Hind i—1 month , this assembly is hence
called,the magh melfi.
(A frog having caught cold) expresses
pride or consequential airs as sumed by
worth les s persons .
A n -ax is .
A sheep , a ram ,the s ign Aries .
Sheep~eyed ,
sheepish,a blockhead .
D eath .
The principal place in a mosque where
the priest prays before the people with
his face turned towards Mecca ;
F riendliness,kindliness .
78 GLOS SARY or INDIAN TERMS .
Mih tar
Minyas
Min a
Minhah
Mm taka
-e-mabruda
-e-mahrfiha-e-mu
‘tadila
-tu-l-burt_
u'
M inu
Miras-i
A prince , applied firs t i ronica lly and n ow
generally to a sweeper,a very low o c
cu pa tion in Hindustan .
The style of a dial,hand of a watch
,
the k ilometer.
A needle , a wire made hot , used to blind
people , the barrel of a gun .
R eligion , faith , a people .
To be mixed , to be confounded , to meet ,to occur , to be g o t , to associate , to
agree , to suit , to be united , to find (a
person , or thing) , to obtain (a thing).
To m eet , to mix , to visi t .
A fi sh,name of the fi rst in carnation Of
'
Vishnu, also applied to th e Hin dii
Cupid : KR m-dev.
A glas s , a decanter , a blue colour , enamel .
blu e s tone,vitriol
,heaven
,paradis e .
Enamel .
Minaret,obelisk , steeple .
An in strument with which they tap for
dropsy .
A girdle,zone
,belt .
The frigid zone .
The to rrid z one .
The temperate zone .
The celestial girdle,the zodiac .
Paradise .
A chief,l eader
,a titl e by -which Saiyids
(who claim to be descendants of Husain ,grandson of the prophet Muh ammad) .
are called .
The payment out of their fees by inferior
oflicers to the head o f their department .
Heritage,patrimony .
A caste o f singing girls who only singbefore women .
Hereditary,inherited
,a ca ste who follow
the profession of singing from generation;
to generation .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN
Mitt hi.
Miyi fi or m yfifr . .
Mi’yfir.
TERMS . 79r
A mirror.
A winner at play .
Copper .
Pretence , sham .
An agreement,bargain
,l eague .
S imile,similitude .
A title of Brahmans,who were broug h t
to Ind ia from Sfikadwip by Krishna .
in order to cu re the leprosy of his son
Samba : also a title of some Brfihman s .
from Mithilii, & c .
A weigh t containing 4 mfish as and 3S.
ra tt is, ( vide, appendix , weights an d .
“
measures) .
A la rge city,Egypt .
A hemistich,a sin gle line in poetry .
Sugar candy .
A ruler ( generally made by parallel threads
fixed on paper, on which th e sheet to
be wri tten on is pressed) .
A sweetmea t , sweetness .
D a te,interest .
A kiss .
Ea rth .
To conceal another’s fault .
To burv .
To become weak or faint , to be ruined .
To ruin or des troy .
To eat flesh .
Sir,an address expressive of kindness , a .
ti tle by which eunuchs are addressed ,maste r .
A scabba rd,the loins , the waist .
Middling , moderate , ( in India) , a k ind
of Sedan or pm .
A respec table person .
Loins girt,ready for action .
A mediator,an arbitrato r , a broker , a
schoolmaste r.
S tandard of money,a weight or measure .
r80 GLOS SA R Y o r INDIAN TE R MS .
Mizan
-dena or -lagfin§ .
Migrab
0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Moh m en'
anfi
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mu‘al lim
Mu‘arrikh
Mu‘az zin
Miibid or Mfibad
Mudra
A balance , a pair of scales , th e Sign Libra ,measure , metre , rhyme , verse , prosody ,additi on in arithmetic .
To add , to ca s t up .
The quill with which a musica l in s tru
ment is struck .
A plantain tree (Musa sap ien t um .)
R elease , salvation,
final and eterna l
happiness,th e liberation of the soul from
the body and its exemption from further
transmigration .
D eligh t , pleasure .
A merchant , shopkeeper, grain-merchant ,s teward .
A pantry .
Pity , compassion , sympathy , kindness ,affection
,allurement
,fascination , l ove.
A sweetheart , mistres s , a name ofKrlsh na ,and of Hindfis.
A kind o f sweetmeat .
N ame of an ornament , a s tring or necklace
composed o f gold beads and corals .
To faint,as at the sudden appearance
O f a mistres s or friend .
To fascinate charm,allure , delude .
A chaple t worn by Hin diis at the time
of marriage .
A stocking , boot.
A horse that bites hi s rider .
Exempt from rent and tax ( land), a grant
of land from a Sovereign , free of all
exactions .
An instructor, a pilot .
An annalist,historian .
A public crier to prayers .
A doctor,philosopher
,counsellor of state ,
a priest of the gu ebres , Or sun
worshippers .
A Sign,a sil ver coin , a ring worn by
jogis in their ears .
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Muhammad
Muha rram
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mukaddam
Mukh tfir
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Muk u r
Mun dan
Miin dna
8 1
Adj .,distinct
,fu ll
,ample
,adv.
, partic
u larly , distinctly , fu lly , n .
, (peculiar to
India) , the country— in oppos ition to
the town .
A superior officer among‘Mu h ammadans
whose decrees are regarded as law .
Office or duty of mu f ti.Adj . praised , name of the Arabian p rophet .
Sacred , venerable , forbidden . The‘ name’
of the fi rst Mu h ammadan ‘ month,held
sacred o n account of the death ‘
o f H‘usaj n;
son of A l i,who was killed by Yaz id
,
nea r Kfi fa.
A tai-gatherer , a bailiff, a dun .
A gold co in .
A shell,
a' chessman , and generally a
counter used in any game .
A miracle .
Antecedent,prior
,a chief
,the advanced
guard .
Chosen,an agent
,one who receives
power of atto rney to act ' for another.
A short poem .
An oath .
Pa rdon , absolution from‘ sin , deliverance
of the sou l from the body and exemption
from further transmigrat ion.
N ame of the tenth zodiacal sign (Capri
corn represented by a water animal
with the body and tail o f a fish , and the
fore legs , neck and head of an '
an telop e) ,
also a shark and an alligator .
Origin,root , race .
A country,sovereignty .
A schoolmaster, doctor;
Orthodox,faithful.
Shaving , the first shaving of a child (a
religious ceremony with d lin dfis.)
To shave,to convert and make a discip le
’
o f,
6
GLOS SARY OF IND IAN TERM S .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mu nkir
Murakaba
Murji
Mursal
Mursh id
Mu sabbih
Mnsabbibu-l-asbab .
Mu safir
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mou th , face , countenance, presence , orifice ,respect, complai sance , p ower, fitness
,
qual ification,pretence
,ability .
Twi light , evening , dusk , obscure.
To be displea sed, to have the ta ste blunted
or depraved .
A Jew ’s harp .
Headstrong,obstinate .
A holy man, a
'
sage.
A saint .
The names o f two angels , who , accordingto Muh ammadan creed , are supposed to
examine t he spirit s of the departed in ,
the tomb .
D enying , rej ecting .
A writer , secretary (among Europeans) a;
tea cher o f the languages of I ndia .
A tutor,protector .
Contemplation , fea ring Go‘
d .
‘
A statue,idol , picture .
One of a sect who think faith withou t:works i s su fficien t .
’
A messenger , prophet, apo stle .
An instructor , guide, ( to salvation) .
The first cause .
The causer of causes i.e . God .
A traveller,passenger
,stranger .
Protection of travellers , hospi tality .
Following of Moses
A carpet to pray on , a place o f prayer .
Praying , one who prays , holy , righteous .
A believer,a Muh ammadan .
The Muh ammadan religion , ( Vun cir
cumcision , (Hind) . a female Mu salman a
F ix ed,concluded , determined .
A composer, an author.
Adj . forming, figuring, S . M. a painte r,
sculptor .
A book,page
,the Kur’an .
A counsellor,senator .
84 GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TER MS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N a far
N af as
N afas-i-baz -p asm
N a f at
N a f i
N a f ir
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N ag an or nagin .
N ig ani or N ag iai
N agar
A rarity .
To roar (as a tiger), to sing .
To begin .
The navel,the midd le .
Profit , advan tage , in terest .
A pod of musk .
T he necessary expenses of li ving .
Plunder from infidels .
A groom,a servant .
Service , profession , t rade ( particular ly of
a groom), a giant , a demon .
Childbirth,the
,forty days of a woman
after childbirth .
The brea th , respiration .
The las t brea th .
N aptha,bitumen ,
the _place whence they
are obtained,lamp-oil .
Forbidding,prohibition
,annihilation
,non
existence .
A brazen trumpet .
Blowing with th e mouth,inspiring ,
breath ing into,sounding a horn or other
musical instrument .
A voluntary act of devotion . which may.
be omi tted innocently. as not being
pres cribed ,a work o f supererogation .
A snake.
The stone of a r ing .o r-a stone on which
a name is cu t , a jewel ,_a moun tain .
A cast e o f Hindi—1 fakim .
A plough .
A female serp ent .
A city,a town .
N ame'
o f a tribe of Gujarati Brahmans,hence applied to cunning
.o r expe rt
persons .
The . most common Hindi character,o f
writing,called D evanag ar i, from i ts
supposed divine origin .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
-p an ch am1
N ahfina Q O O I Q 0 Q C O
N ai
8 5
A town , or vi llage , o f o r belonging to
a city .
Betel-lea f.
A Prakijit language sa id to be u sed by
the serpentine race who inhabit F atal .
A kind of wood,by touching wh ich it
i s said that fetters spontaneously fal l off.
N ame of a plant . ( A rt emisia vul garis).
Adjournment,respite.
A race of females said to inhabit F a tal,or
the regions under th e ea rth,and to be of
s erpentine extraction bu t verv beautiful .
The region under the ea rth , Pam , (not
being accessible to the sun,i t i s i llu
min a t ed bv very resplendent j ewels) .
N ame of a Hindi holiday the 15th of
Sravan , snkl-paksh , on which day they
worship a snake to procure blessings
on their chi ldren .
Bathing .
To bathe or wash .
Breakfast,a kind of bit or bridle .
An instrument with which the nails are
pared .
Prohibition , an in terdict .
The planet Venus .
A road,path
,manner
,prescribing , giving
directions .
A s tream,ri vulet
,a canal (of running water) .
A barbe r .
A reed,a tube
,a pipe
,flute , fi fe , cane.
A deputy .
Compo sed of reeds .
D eputy treasurer or acco untant .
Food conse cra ted to the deity .
D eputyship .
A h nkka snake (or covered pliable tube
through which the smoke is inhaled) .
A person who makes 1311151511 snakes .
The trade of a N ai-ch a-band .
86 GLOSSARY OF INDIA N TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N aj'
ibu-t-tara fain
N ajisu-l-‘ain
N ajjar
(P lural, n ujfim)‘ilm-i-n uj fim
N ujfim-i
N akch arh'
an'
a
N akd
A corporal .
Fire,heat
,flame
,inflammation
,enmity ,
hatred .
D eceit,trick
,evas ion
,magic , sorcery , a
m iracle,anything new.
A magician,sorcerer .
Magic,sorcery .
Southwest .
N ame of the 7th Syrian month , corre
sp o nding to the Persian , F arordin , and
Hindi,Baisak h . A br-i-n aisan si gnifies
the rain which fal ls while the m oon is
in the mansion swat i,and
,of which ,
i f i t drop into a shell,pearls are formed ,
but,which turns to poison if it happen
to fall in to the mouth of a s erpent .
The sun,also the moon ; th e former
being distinguished by p refix ing an
adj ective signifying,greater .
A canal,tube
,the urethra .
Freedom,pardon
,salvation .
A hero,a volunteer
,a certain class of
Indian soldiers distinguished by a p e
cu liar dress .
N oble on both sides ( father and mother) .
Impure by nature .
A carpenter .
A star,a planet
,fortune
,a horoscope ,
calculation of nativity .
Stars .
Astrology .
An astrologer .
The heavens .
The extremity of a ro ad , , a lane , the eye
of a need le .
An al ligator .
R efusal,denial .
Adversity,calamity ,
m isfo rtune .
To be angry o r . disp leased .
R eady money,cash .
GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
N akha t ri ( from Kakhat ) .
N akh Sikh
N akkatana
87
A star , a constellation .
Perfum e,odour
,anything odoriferous .
F ortunate,born under a lucky planet .
To claw,to scratch .
The marks left by the nail s,a scratch .
N ame of a city in Turkestan , famous for
the appearance of the moon which the
impostor Mukan n a‘ caused to a scend
from a pit in its neighbourhood , during
the space of two months .
F rom tip to toe,from the toe nai l s to
the hair on the crown of the head .
Captain of a ship .~
An instrument to strike the strings of a
guitar,&c .
A chief,l eader .
N ame of an angel . See Ma nkir .
To dishonour .
To l ose one’s honour .
A history,tale .
A narrator,story-teller , fictitious , copied .
To preserve one ’s honour .
To turn up one ’s nose , to be displeased .
A bell in eastern Christian churches,also
a shel l blown by Hindfis in worship .
A tube,barrel of a gun ; stalk of the
lotus,umbilical cord .
Joint of bamboo or o ther hollow wood ,specially applied to the piece of bamboo ,on which bird-ca tchers put l ime .
A ravine,rivulet .
Lamentation .
A drain'
.
Complaint,lamentation , groan .
Complainant , plaintiff .
A sort of sedan or litter used by people
o f rank .
N ame,character
,fame , reputation , honour .
A letter,written treati se , ( in comp ) , a
book , history , account .
88 GLOSS ARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
-bar
N amak
! Ian .
-ka'
hahk zufiikarna
-mirch lagana ,
p arwarda
N amaskar
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
k arna—lagana.
Iek ar mang kh ana
l ena
nikal na
nlshan rahn a
o-nish'
an
p aida
uchhalna.
—u ch h aln'
a
A messenger .
Sal t , spirit , animation , bread , subsi sten ce
T he first feeding of a child about six
months ’
old , when certain ceremonies are
performed by a Brahman,who is feed .
A salt-cellar .
To discha rg e , one’s obligations .
A servan t , dependent .
To give a relish to .
A domestic slave,a favourite , confidential.
servant .
To come out in boils .
A correspondent .
Salutation,adoration .
Prayer (those prayers especially prescribed
by the Muh ammadan law ,which are said
fi ve times a day , there is a dispute ,however, between the Sunnis and the
Shi‘ah s a s to the number of times for
prayer , enjoined by the Kuran) .
After each name , per head .
To name .
To remain ( one’s name)
To register one’s name .
To name , to fix a name on .
To give a name to a child , to be defamed .
To lose gne’s reputation
,to be disgraced
T o be famous .
T o te l l one’s beads .
To make famous , to establish a name .
T o be charged , accused .
To beg alms in the n ame of another .
To prais e, to repeat the name of God
T o become celebrated to investigate.
To be o r continue renowned .
N ame and vestige, or address .
To make a name .
To disgrace .
To become a byword .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TE R MS ,
N ariyal .
N ar-singh or n ri-sing h
89“
Maternal grandfather .
N ame o f a fahir, founder of the sect o f’
Sik hs .
N ame of the foster-father of K rishna .
An allowan ce of money or land .
A barber,a surgeon .
The name of a Hindfi saint,son of Brahma ,
and one of the te11 origin al Munis o r
s his .
A name of Vishnu .
A sovereign .
A cocoa-nut,a h ukka , ( for smoking)
made o f a cocoa-nut .
The name of the fourth Ava tar or in car
nation of Vishnu,which happen ed in the
Sa tya-yug a, upon the follow ing occasion .
Hiran ya— Kasip n , an impious prince , .
was en raged at his son Prah lfid for“
worshipping the Almighty,and tried
every means of destroying him ,by poison ,
by throwing him into fire,into the
ocean , &c , yet Prahliid lived .
“ I f yourGod is present everywhere
,
”said Hiranya
Kasip u ,
“ let him come from an alabasterpillar”, on which N ar-s ing h a appeared ,wit h the lower part of a man and the
upper part of a l ion ; he destroyed the
father and _set the son on the throne.
Snufi .
Genea logy , descent .
A N azarene,a christian .
D evoted to Go d .
A co pier of a book , an amanuensi s .
A name given to t hose who practise
j ugglery,and rope-dancing .
A kind o f comedy in Sanskrit .
A mas ter, lord , husband , affi xed to proper
names especially of Jog'
is.
A large ring worn in the nose .
Grandson ,daughter ’s son .
‘
90 GLOS SAR Y o r INDIAN'
TERMS .
( N auw‘
ah-i government) .
N avish t— Khwa'
n d .
N awa
N az ir“
N azr
A servant .
An ornament , consisting of nine different
gems , worn on the arm and wrist .
The day on which the sun enters 'Aries,
and , according to the Persian -calendar,
the commencement o f the year ;
A governor o f a town or district .
D eputyship,relating to a n auwah .
A term applied by the Indians of Oudhto the rule which prevailed there before
the annexation .
Episto lary correspondence , reading and
writing .
Voice,sound
,modulation
,Opulence
,
wealth,substance .
Miracles .
Histories , traditions .
A grandson .
A musician .
A chief,a native o fficer of the lowest rank .
The last breath,gasping in the agonies
of death,judicial courts , a sheriff.
A poet,a ruler .
An inspector,an officer employed in a
j udicial court.
A gift,offered to a superior , ( the prae
t ice of giving and receiving gifts i s now
forbidden by the Indian Government ,the natives
,however still cont inue it
among themselves . R ajas, and others o f
position,demand these gifts from their
dependants as a matter o f right on the
occasion o f birthdays,and other anni
versaries . Poor tenants and ser vants are
obliged to give gi fts ( in ca sh) to their
landlord s and masters; on p ain'o f dis
missal . I t is a relic of feudalism thatpresses hard on the p oo r
‘
an d should
be abolished .)
92 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
N ish ast-barkhast
N ist ok
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N fiwab
N ya’e
N yayak
karn'
a
Sign , emblem ,armorial bearings, standard .
Manners,etiquette
,good breeding .
D efinitive settlement , decree .
Small s cal es used by goldsmith s .
Constant practice .
S tars .
An as trolog er .
A hollow ring,inclosing pieces of copper
,
& c . ,which soun d like bells when in
motion,worn by women on their
Vice -geren ts,governors .
Justice,reason
,argument .
Logic .
A j udge .
Ligh t,of little consequence
,absurd
trifl ing,
To want,to be deficient .
silly,fruitless
,mean .
Bad company .
Wet,moist
,damp .
A dish o f food,so called .
S tomach,entrails .
A B rahman tribe , worshipper of a goddess ,charmers .
Pri vacy,retirement.
To conceal,to s creen .
A bag in the s tomach ,where food is digested .
S ickness at the stomach,inclination t o
vomit,a draught of water from the
ho l low of the hand .
A mortar (wooden) .
To vomit .
N ame o f a vegetable , the root of which
is eaten, (Arum camp anu la tum) , a
hostage .
Hail,the name of a kind of sweetmeat .
To become cold .
GLOSS A R Y OF INDIAN TERMS .
— j01°
i Sir mund'
aya t on
Ole p arna or girna
Olka o r
93
I had no sooner shaved my head tha n
a shower of hai l came on : ( spoken of
one who has just.
engaged in an enter
prise which turns out unfortunate) .
To fall (hail) .
Territo ry , dominion .
The cord with which rafters or frames
fo r thatching on are pulled into their
places and fastened till the roof is finished .
The lip .
O rigin,boundary
,limit
,way ,
side-ward .
Us or,that way , on that Sid e , thitherward .
To be constant to , to protect for ever .
A basket,a pannier.
To put on (dres s) , a shee t , cloak , or
mantle .
A sma ller Sheet,a veil
,or woman ’s cloak .
The name of a parti cular kin d of sewing,
s ti tching together two breadths .
D ew ,mist .
To fall in value , to be deprived of im
portan ce,to become less in demand
than formerly .
To fall (dew) , to be dul l, cheerless , to
fade .
A heifer .
N ame of a medicine .
T he head o f a bed , a pillow .
Turn , viciss itude .
Overplus,su rp lu s ,abatem en t
,co nvales cen c
Prote ction , shelter, shade , screen , covering ,concealment
,partit ion .
A partition wall or screen,
a rai sed
entran ce to a house .
To defend,to screen
,to shelter
, to
separate the seed from the cotton,to
catch a ball .
94 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-h onfi
Pa-ban d-i
-b"
a'
-zan jir .
-sh ikasta
Pabit r or Pavit r
Pabit ra .
Pabit ri
Pa-bos
-h ona
Pa-b os-i
k arna
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Pach hafi .
The wind , the god of the wind (B olu s) .
( In a nourisher,a protector
,
act of drinking .
The leg,foot .
A carpet spread at the entrance of a room
for cleaning the feet on .
Engaged , employed , occupied .
A rope with which the fore-feet of a
horse are tied .
To be married .
The s ta te of being bound,contro l .
Fettered,in chains.
Infirm, reduced .
Pure , holy , clean , u ndefiled .
A b rahm anical thread,a strin g o f silken
heads , a knotted piece o f knsh a grass
used in religiou s ceremonies of the
Hin dfis.
A ring Of ku sha gras s , ( p od cyn osuroides) ,or of gold
,s i lver, or copper, worn on
the ring finger and forefinger by Hin d'
fis
during religiou s worship .
Ki ss ing the feet , t .e .
, adoring , worship
ping,revering .
To worship,to revere , to adore .
W orship , reverence , adoration .
To worship , to reverence .
A digestive,s tomachic, ,
so lven t , a c ook .
Cowdu n g ,d ried for fuel .
An ally,assi stant , advocate , patron , a bird .
Adherent,j oin ed
, ( in ,music) , in union .
To be stuck together , as with glue , to
be in unison,to be
,strongly attached,
by love .
M osaic , patchwork .
The act o f inoculating.
West .
96 GLOS SARY O F IN D IAN TERMS .
o o o o o o o o o
o o‘ o o o o o o o o o o c
Q’
o'o o o
-b isih lan a
-m§ l k arna
The goddes s Of riches , Lach hmi.
The most excel lent o f the four classes
into which the Hind i—is divide their
women . The others are chitrini, sa nkhin i
and b astin i.
A king,a sovereign .
R oyal , imperia l , royalty , empire , reign ,sovereignty .
A prince .
A peasant res iding in . one village and
cultivating land belonging to another
village .
The foot,th e s tand of a table
,chair
, 8 m.
Tied by the leg,fettered
,captivated
, en
cumbered with a family .
A gin,snare
,noose .
F irm , steady .
To settle accounts .
D rawers,trowsers .
A privy .
Beating the feet in dancing.
To make obeisance by embracing the feet
(a token of respect paid by the Hindfis
to Brahmans) .
Trampled on,ruined .
To trample o n ,to destroy , to lay waste ,
to ravage .
D estruction,ravage ( o cca s ioned by an
army or cattle overrunning and trampling
on fields) .
Courage,resolution .
The roval res idence .
The first stage o f a j ourney . ( I t is usual
to make one short stage at th e com
m encem en t of a j ourney, and then to
wait a few days to collect everything
necessa ry) .
A turban , syrup .
The foot .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN
Pag-dandi.
-dandi lenfi
Pagna .
atakna
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 o 0
Pahar
TERMS . 97
A by-path .
To track, to trace .
To travel,to go
,
‘ to leave; to d epa rt .
A Bon gfili word signi fying a fool , idiot ,madman .
Foolish . (This and the abo ve , term were
formerly pecul iar '
tO‘ Bengal and the
eastern parts of Hindfistan ; but since
the influx of n atives o f Bengal into
the West— especially the N orth-western
provinces and Oudh—e where , from their
superior intelligence and capa city , they
fi ll nearly all the Government offices
and private banks, &c . ,
these terms are
in common use in the “ N ; W . P. and
Oudh,and also in th e Panj
'
ab) .
To be dipped in or co vered wit h syrup ,hence to be in love .
A turban .
To be obstinate,to persist or persevere .
D awn .
To dawn,to grow luminous .
Width,breadth
,ampleness .
To put on , to wear , to dress , dress ,clothing .
Clothing,dress .
A mountain .
Long nights ( especially , of sorrow) .—A division of time consisting of eight
gb a ris, a watch , or' 3 hours ;
The multiplication table (in arithmetic) .
A hill,a small mounta in .
Belonging to , or o f a mountain , a moun
tain eer.
The foot .
To have a splint
To plague,to be importunate.
A fault .
Born , created , produced , ~ exhibited , dis
covered , invented .
98 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Paida h ona
Paida-war
Paidal
Paigham’
a-paighami
Paigh'
am-bar
Paig h am bar-i
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Paimfina
umr k'
a bharn h .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Paivvan d
To be born , to be created , to be found , \
to be produced .
Birth , creation,production
,earn ings
,
produce , profit .
To discover , to produce , to find,to obtain , .
to get , to earn , to invent , to procure .
Produce of a field,fruit
,profit of trade .
On foot,infantry .
Mutual mes sages , media tion , correspond~
en ce .
A messenger,prophet .
Mission .
A vow,a promise .
To make a v ow .
A courier,a messenger .
War,bat tle
,contes t . (Hind ) A pedlar .
Face,countenance
,visage
,form
,appea rance,
a portrait,a likeness .
Iron chains o n a culprits legs , ornamen tal
rings worn on the ankles .
A vessel for measuring grain .
( In camp us .) Measuring , a meas urer .
hdea sure .
A promise,agreement
,
-
confirmation , .
security,an oath
,asseveration , con ven
tion,compact .
A goblet,a certain dry measure .
To fi l l up the measure of one’s age,to
die,o r kill .
A goad,sharp .
To sharpen .
R eturn,ret ribution
,a loan , repaymen t
of a loan .
To winnow .
A road, highway , pa th .
To stop a road,to rob in the road .
Junction,conjunction , connection , rela
tio n ship , a j oint , a patch , graft , bud .
A patcher .
Patching , cobbling .
1 00 GLOSSARY o r IN D IA N TERMS .
Palki
nishin
-su p ar 1 ( bet el-n u t )
I
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Pan cha'
gn i
Pan chan an
Pand
A field of melons .
A litter,a sedan .
Entitled to be carried in a p alki. ( F o r
merly this privilege was granted by a
king or V iceroy) .
On e who rides in a palki.
To be reared,nourished or fattened
,to
th rive .
An aggregate number consisting o f twen tygan dfis ( a g an d
'
a 4 kau yis) or eighty
k au ris,and 1 6 pans make a kfih an ) .
A termination affi xed to .nouns,answering
to th e English terminations sh ip , hood ,ness
,as lanak-p an , childhood , b an ya
p an , the business of a b anya .
Betel-lea f.
The name given to a mixture o f betel
nut broken fine,spices
,and lime
, &c . ,
off ered to visitors to chew .
To get , acquire , find,reach
,o vertake .
F ive , a council , an assembly , a meeting ,arbitrators .
T he branches o f five trees which are used
in religious ceremonies .
A kind of vessel u sed by Hin diis during
worsh ip
Any person,R iu dii or other
,who worships
th e five p irs or saints of the Mu sa lman s
a ca ste O f Halalkh ors .
F ive fires , a posture of J ogis.
A watermi ll .
F ifth,name o f a rag an d of » a sur or
musical note .
A . name of Siva, a lion .
A m eetin’
g of any particular socie ty (gen
erally‘
as a cou rt o f inquiry), a jury ,an inquest . A. p an chfiyat assembles -to
determine whether for a particular fault
a man i s to be turned o u t of t aste.
Advice,admonition .
GLOSSARY O F INDIAN TERMS . 101
Panbari .
ka bulbula . .
marn a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .
m en fig
p arn a’
0 0 .
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
Adviser,monitor .
A priest who presides at the temple of
an idol .
A bo x for holding betel and other in
gredien t s for chewing .
A descen dand of R fijfi Pfin dfi .
A title o f Brahmans,a schoolmas ter .
Wise , learned , a learned Brahman .
The learning of a Brz’
ihman,learning .
A prison .
The wife of a Pfi nde.
Culinary sa lt obtained by a process from
sea sand .
A passage to a river, steps from which
water i s d rawn .
A man who carries water in pots o n his head .
A woman .
Water,lustre .
To confess inferiority .
(A bubble of water) , ins tabi lity .
To abash,facili ta te .
To dry up , to be evaporated .
To revive a contention which had subsided ;
To be slain by a single stroke of a Sword,
and to die in stantly .
To rain .
Anything living in water,a water snake .
Cheese .
R unnet .
To irrigate,to water .
F ive
Very Vicious,having five vices
, ( 1 ) R obbery ,
(2) Adultery , (3) Gaming , ( 4) D runk
en n ess , (5) Falsehood .
The five chapters of the Hur’fin
,which
are read during the mourning of a
Mu salmfin .
Five holy persons, ( 1 Muhammad,
‘2 .
‘A li,
3. F atima,4 . Hasan
,5. Husain) .
102
-kash-kash
Pan j a
Paiiw
barhfinfi
b h ar ja'
na .
dh o dh o p ina . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o .
0 0 0
o 0 0
o t o
fl girfin fi . o o o o o 0
GLO SSARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
o
o . o .
o o 0
o 0 0 0
A hand with the five fingers extended,
claw,clutch
,grasp .
A iron in strument resembling a hand,
with which wrestlers exercise themselves
by locking their fingers into tho se of
the instrument .
A country so called from i ts 5 ri vers .
Tinfoil , name of a tribe of Pathans .
A row , a line of writing , a rank of soldiers .
A desert field .
Leg,foot .
To take th e lead among one ’s equals .
N umbnes s , s leeping of the feet .
To prepare for and commence an under
taking .
To drink the water with which one's feet
are washed— a phrase denoting perfect
confidence .
To make obeisan ce .
To exceed one ’s proper limits .
To go about foolish ly and u n p rofitably ,
to be in the agonies of death .
A quarter , a fou rth part .
S in,fault , crime .
A sort of chi ld ’s whistle,name of a tree
and of its fruit ( the papaw tree , Car i ca
p ap aya) , much used m edi cinally . .
A sinner,a criminal .
A slipper .
The opposite bank or shore , over , across ,through
,beyond .
To ferry over,to cross
,to finish , to
t ran sfix ,to relieve
,to carry Off .
D i stant,remote
,s trange .
Abroad,foreign .
A feather,quil l
,wing .
To prepare to fly .
To display,on acqu iring power , those
qualities which remained concealed in
poverty o r a low sta tion .
1 04 GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Parch hfi
anni se bhfig nh
Parda
Ch h orn a o o o o o o
-go-i
-h‘
al
kah na
. gun a O O O O
Panhan'
a”
0 0 .
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 .
A magician to whom fairies and gen i i
are subject .
D emonstration , proof, tria l .
A bit,s crap .
A flag or military ensign o f,h ors
,e-hair
,
an ornament of hair carried on a spear;a flag
,a tassel .
Image,shadow
,s hade .
To be frigh tened at one’s own Shadow .
“
A curtain,a screen
,secrecy
,privacy,
modesty,a musi ca l tone .
To let fal l a curtain .
Confidential .
A betrayer o f secrets .
R emaining behind the curtain— applied
to women in India , who are invisible
to men— except thei r hu sbands .
Foreigner,stranger .
R epentance , regret .
D i spersed , perplexed , confused , ruined ,distressed
,wretched .
Trouble of mind .
Confused,or absurd talk .
D i stressed in condition .
To talk foolishly from absence of mind .
A pair of compasses .
A hog-deer (Cervu s p orcin a s) .
R ead,lea rned .
A learned,experienced man .
The ac t af reading,To cause o r teach to read
,to instruct
,
to teach , to tea ch to speak or sing (as
birds) .
A read ing , science , magic.
Abstinence,forbearance
,continence
,contro l
of the passions :
Abstinent .
Abstinence,temperance .
To control one’s pass ions , to be temperate .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Parkas or Pra-kas
Parm il i‘
i
F arnala
F arnam
Parp an ch
Parp an ch-‘
i
105
N ame of a musical mode or ragin i,
handle of a shield .
Basket-hilted (a, Scimitar) .
A subj ect,tenant
,renter .
Order,method, custom ,
manner,place
,
room .
A bed-stead .
Travelling .
Quit-rent,tax .
‘
Light,splendour
,revelation
,appearance
apparent , conspicuous , i l lumined .
The act of examining,th e price paid for
examination,inspection
,t rial or proof.
To cau se to inspect , examine , try or prove .
An examiner , a discriminato r .
A general destruction,such as the flood
or resurrection,vexation
,fatigue
,disgust.
Quantity , authority, proof, example , detail ,authentic , rea l , approved of.
To rise to a high rank .
A kind of dance .
Breaking a fast,to finish
,t o accomplish
A gutter, drain , conduit .
Salutation , adoration .
A great grandfather by the mother’s side .
A kind of fine painted silk .
A bucket for drawing wate r with .
Carriage,vehicle
,appliance for transp or
tatio n .
Acting for others,preferring their inte rest
to one’s own,ben ificen t , hospita ble .
N eighbourhood .
A male n eigt u r.
A female neighbourD uplica te .o f a _hil l_of exchange .
D elusion , fraud , imposition , deceit , artifice ,treachery .
Insidious,fraudulent
,artful .
1 06
P arsuram
Parwa
0
GLOS SARY OF IN D IAN
ch al‘h n5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Parwan a .
Parwana-gi
k isi kfi h ona
Parwana-jat . .
Parwar ( a )
TERMS .
Pers ia .
Abstem ious , chaste, watchful .
Last year ,
Gracious , kind .
Asking,inquiring
,inquisitive
,inquirer .
A Persian , the Persian language .
A follower of Zoroa s ter .
The day before yesterday , the day after
to-morrow .
The Sixth Avatar, or incarnation of
Vish nu ; fabled by the Brfihman s to
have destroyed the Ksh atriyas. The
Brahmans say that he extirpated the
Ksh a t riyas,and that there have been
none since .
Care,co ncern , anxiety , fear , terror , ia
clinatio n , aff ection , desire , rest , quiet .
The yard of a sail .
To grow up (a phrase peculiar to women) .
An order,a pass , a license , leave , command ,
a precept,a warrant .
To be desperately in lo ve with any one .
Command,order
,permission .
Orders , l icenses , passes .
A patron,protecto r
,cheri sher , educa ted ,
cherished (used in compos : as gh arib
p arwar, cherisher of the po or , says.
p arvvar, educated in the shade , or at
home,soft
,delicate
,knowin g little of
the world .)N ame of a kind of gourd ( T ricosan t h es
’
dioica .)
Bred,reared
,brought up
,nourish ed
,a slave .
A epithet of the deity , nourisher of all .
Breedin g,nourishment, maintenance , fos
tering,rearing , patronising , education ,
protection .
1 08 GLO S SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Pashm
na ukh arn a .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pat ch-a-l agna
Pit t
Pfi-tfiba
Patait :
Pat-ambar
A kind of wild rice growing in shallow
ponds .
Wool , hai r, a thing. of no moment .
To su ffer n o thing from the enmity of
another,not a hair of th e head to be
touched . (Spoken in great contempt of
an adversa ry) .
Woollen .
Woollen goods .
The heel .
Washing of the feet .
A leaf,an ornament worn in the upper part
of the ear,a draft or cheque on a banker .
(A phrase , when applied to trees , which
indicates the fall o f th eir leaves in autumn ,metaphori ca lly
,the phrase signifies that
o ue’
s power or ability i s exhausted,and
this expression is often applied to patience
exhausted by the scorn of a beloved
person,or to a destitute condition from
adverse fortune) .
S ilk,a mill-stone
,a board
,Shutter
,plank ,
flap,seat
,throne
,a plank on which
washermen beat clothes .
Breadth of cloth o r . o f .a ,river , tow .
A shutter,valve of a folding door
,a
sound,upside down .
A sign,m ark
,symptom
,h int
,direction ,
address or place.t o which one is directed .
A plank on which.washermen beat clothes .
A sock .
A cudgeller .
R egions,according to the Hindiis, under
the earth or towards the south-pole in
habited. by a serpentine race , the in fernal
regions,hell .
R ose or pink colour .
S ilk cloth .
A roof,name of a city .
GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TE R MS . 1 09
Patapa r
( za ri
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o o o o
R oofing .
N ame of a fruit .
The sound of beating or of the falling
of drops of rain .
God ,name
,honour
,character
,a lord ,
master,husband .
A cloth worn round the waist,a girdle .
To determ in e on,or prepare for any act .
To hinder,to obstruct .
The golden girdle (an e nsign conferred
by the Peshwa on generals who are
invested by him with authority) .
A queen,a princes s .
A college,a school .
Twist,revolution
,a coil
,plait, screw ,
perplexity,difficulty
,trouble
,deceit ,
complication .
To grapple in wrestling .
To prevai l by stratagem .
T O bind by twis ts of a turban with care .
T O throw Ob s tacles in the way .
Twisted,coiled
,crooked , intri cate .
Coil within coil , . entangled .
To circumvent,-to decei ve .
To deceive,trick
,complicate .
To coil,to be perplexed , to fall into
difficulties,to s ustain a lo ss .
To untwist,unscrew .
To meet , to embrace .
To loosen the twist of anything .
To suffer loss or distres s .
A n owl .
A ball,skein or clue of thread .
Twisted .
Twistin g,conto rtion
,winding .
To see .
Play , farce , sham ,comedy .
A player,an actor
Fault , oppression , a prop , a support .
To shove , to push .
1 10 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Peln'
a
Pol-p al
Pel t—1
Pem
Pend or p aindPeng °
lagfin a
8?
Peshfini.
To shove , push , stuff, cram,express
,
squeeze out .
Shoving,pushing .
A wres tler .
Love,friendship .
Pace , step , a rising ground , an eminence .
The exertion made by people in a swing,
when two persons keep th e swing in
motion without external as sistance .
Sharp .
A tree,plant .
To plant trees .
Promoted , advanced , respected , confided
in,pos se ssing influence
,before
,front
,
the vowel point
Access,admittance .
To treat, to behave , to negotiate .
A belt passing over a horse’s breast t o
preven t the saddl e from slipping o ff .
Foresigh t,timely preparation .
Prudent , provident , wise .
Surpassing,one who excels .
Excelling,surpassing , aggression .
To go forth .
A kind O f dagger .
Ou t s tm’
p p in g, alertness , activity .
A tent or other bagage sent on before .
He that precedes in prayer , the priest .
Take care !
Custom,regulation
,habit, example , model ,
profession .
Making impression , successful , efficient ,effectual .
Early fruit,grain , crops .
A precursor,leader , an ad vanced guard .
Act of preceding .
Trade,profession
,custom , habit, practice
An artificer.
The forehead , brow .
1 12 GLOS SARY O F IND IAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ph akog‘iya “
.Ph alioyiyfit
Phakri
Ph a l
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A belly-band,a girth
,a portmanteau
,a
box , a tumbril , the thorax , chest .
A pens ion,daily food .
A tippler,a toper .
A sieve .
Embellishment ,"
ornament,dress .
To shoot forth , as a plan t .
To become , to fi t .
R ed powder, sprinkled in the time of the
Holi, the act of th rowing coloured
powders in the Holi,th e gambols of
the Holi.
T he h o li, presents made during that time .
T he name of the 1'
1 th month .
Wrangling,mutual abuse
,raillery .
An abuser,an indecent chatterer .
A fop , an absurd prattler, an indecent
talker.
Absurdity
The act of treating with rudeness .
Frui t,effect
,advantage , children ,
progeny .
F ruitfu l,the iron head of a spear o r
arrow,blade of a sword .
To reap the frui t of good or bad actions .
F ruits o f various kinds .
T o cause to produce .
A step , s tride .
A shield .
A pod of any leguminous plant , especially
of peas , a loop .
A book for d rawing the strings through
the holes by which the walls of a tent
are laced to the top
A noose,a net
,perplexity, di fficulty.
To cause to j ump or leap over .
T O be imprisoned .
A grasshopper .
GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .‘
1 13
marna
Ph fihsi
Ph fi’o .
Ph a r
Ph anak
The quantity of food , gathered by the
fingers,that can be thrown into the
mouth to be eate n .
To eat by chucking food into the mouth ,
to chuck food into the mouth .
A noose,a slip-knot .
To catch in a noose .
Entanglement .
A noose,loop , strangulation .
To hang,to strangle .
To commit suicide .
A footpad who strangles pa ssengers or
travell ers .
To noose,to ensnare , to entrap .
To be en tangled , to stick , to be involved
or entrapped,to be caught .
A small quantity given over and above
that purchased .
A mattock,spade , hoe .
A crutch on which a jog'
i'
leans , a pie ce
of wood with a support at each end ,
held in both hands , horizontally , in
performing the exercise of dan d , which
consists in placin g the hands on the
ground and then bending down so as
almost to touch the earth with the breast.
One who thus exercises himself,called
dfin d-pel, wil l , i f expert , raise himself
to an upright position,without again
touching the ground,an instrument like
a small rake.o r hoe for removing a
horse’s dung .
A gaming-house where dice are played,
also the table used— if any,a place where
goods are expo sed for sale,the shafts
or pole of a carriage.
A p layer at dice , a gambler , a prater, a
talkative fellow .
Playing at dice , gambling.
F luttering , vibrating , throbbing .
1 14 GLOS SARY O F IN D IAN TERMS .
Phariy'
a
Ph ata
Ph ate men p ai'
iw den h .
bandi.
Phatfikhi
Ph atki
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ph enkna
Ph en t or p h ain t .
Ph en tfi
Pher
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ph ikfi
Phir or p h iri
To flutt er, to vibrate convulsively , to throb ,to writhe the shoulders .
A pedlar , retai ler , one who keeps a
gambling-house .
A pick-ax e,or other instrument for digging .
To cause to stick-as in mud to entang le ,
to catch , to cause to be impriso ned ,t o squash .
A crack .
To interfere in anything .
A gate,a large
,door
,stocks , arres t, the
bar of a court o f j ustice .
Cust od y,imprisonment .
A cracker (firework) .
To winnow,to dust
, to be separated .
A fowler's net,a large cage
,a rope tied'
to a tree to frighten birds with its sounds
F oam ,froth .
A kind of sweetmeat .
Throw , cast .
To th row away .
To throw,to fling , to dart .
Waist-band,fob .
A small turban .
Turning,maze , curvature , twisting, cir
cum feren ce , equivoca tion , ambiguity ,diflicu lty ,
dis tance , again , back .
To return .
To differ .
A pedlar .
The waist when bound with a belt.
A smal l turban , a waist-band without .
a fringe .
The po int of a whip or scourge .
Weak,vapid
,ta steless , pale , sallow , light
in colour .
Again,then .
A W hirligig , anything turning , as on an .
axis .
1 1 6 GLOSSARY o r i N D IA N TERMS .
. sfin gh ke rah nfi . .
Ph fil'
a'
na-samana
Phfil n a
Ph filoii kfi g ahna
kI ch han’
i “
Phfink
deh fij-p h
‘
fink-ke paiiw
dh arna
Ph u n si
Ph fip hfi
Ph fip hi
Ph u r
Ph u rt or p h urt i
k a rna
m ei'i ch inga
‘
ri (Eln a.
Ph u sz'
ih in dr‘
i
Ph u ska'
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p a rna
h ona
kar rona
Ph fita
Pil l—[t a ll
Ph i—it-i .
Ph fitkar
Ph u tki
Ph fitn a
To live in the fragrance of flowers,to
eat very little .
Swelled,blossomed .
N o t to be able to contain one ’s self from
delight,to be overj oyed .
To blossom,flower
,be pleased , be p u fled up .
F lower wreaths or garlands .
A thin stick wrapped round with flowers .
Act of blowing,a puff
,blowing up fire .
To set on fire .
To act or walk.
ca reful ly and cautiously .
A pimple .
Father’s s ister’s husband .
Father ’s s ister .
True,right.
Activi ty,quickness .
To make haste.
O ld d ry gra ss or s tranw .
To excite contention or strife .
D isgusting,stinking .
Weak,without strength
,slack (as a knot) .
To coax,wheedle
,caj ole
,flatter
,decoy ,
entice .
A kind of melon (Cucumis momordica)odd
,unpaired
,difleren ce of Opinion
separation,a flaw .
To arise (dissension) .
To be divided in Opinion .
To weep excessively .
Broken .
Wran glin g ,disagremen t , misunderstandin g .
D isagreement,disparity .
R etai l .
A blo t,Spot
,s tain .
To be broken , to be broken into or
broken down , to be dispersed , to burst ,to be made public , to arise or burst
forth (as a smell) .
Beloved , a lover , husband .
GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Pibiysn a
Pich h Ta
p h ern h
Pich h firi
marn a
p ay na . .
Pichkari
Pidar or Padar .
Pi jfin ii,
Pilpfiya
Pinfik
ch uran fi
1 17
Pu s,matter
,corruption .
To sup purate .
R i ce-water,rice-gruel .
The hinder part,the rear
,pursuit
,perse
cu tion ,absence .
To pursue , to chase , to recoil (a gun) .
To pursue,to importune
,to obstinately
persevere .
T o leave,to withdraw .
The rear,the ropes by which a h orse’s
hind legs are tied .
To atta ck in th e rear .
To leave behind,to outs trip .
To dance attendance , to importune , to
dun,to persecute
,to torment .
To squeeze,wrinkle
,burs t .
A squirt , a syringe .
Father .
Father-like,fatherly .
N ame of a bird .
To m elt, or be melted .
To drink up,to repres s one’s passions
,
to refrain from an swering .
The j uice of the be te l-leaf chewed and
Spit out .
A spitbox , spitto on .
A n elephant , name of one of th e pieces
at chess .
Yellow .
To give or cause to drink,to suckle
,to
nurse .
A gold mohur .
Afflicted with elephantiasis .
A pillar, column ( lit . an elephant’s foot) .
T O drink , smoke .
The how of Siva , a musical instrument '
Body,person .
To avoid,to escape .
To follow,to pursue
,to be intent on ,
bal ls made of flour or rice , at a religious
1 18 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Pingal .
Pinjra . .
h ona .
Pit
a generation .
Image,statue
,picture
,likeness , an idol .
ceremon y of Hindfis,they are afterwards
thrown into the river or given to cows .
A roller.
Body , person , a lump of clay , a bund le
or ba l l of string.
Thought,imagination
,opinion .
A plunderer,a pillager (among Ma hi
‘
t
rat tas ) .
The upper part of a Siva-ling , a lumpof anything that can be contained in
the fist , a smal l clue or ball of twine ,a small alta r of sand
,a cubit square
,
on which oblation s to the manes are
offered .
A kind o f white earth used bv th e Hin dfis
to cover or wash the walls of their
houses with .
Art o f measuring verses , prosody , name
of a fabulous being in the form of a
serpent to whom a treati se on prosody
i s ascribed,tawny
,pale .
A cage .
To be or grow lean .
Intoxication from eating Opium ,drowsines s ,
nodding .
A pipe,barrel
,ca sk .
A species of fig tree . ( F icus religiosa) .
Long pepper .
A n old man , a saint , a spiritual guide.
An old woman .
Monday .
Pain,Sickness
,pity , mercy .
Yellow .
N ameg
of a tribe or caste who beat a
k ind of dr um called dh o l .
Charity-lands ( bestowed on the poo r inhonour of a saint) .
A stool or chair .
120 ? GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Piya'
da
Piyala or p ya'
l a
h ona
Piyfir or p yar
karu R
Piyfirfi or p yara
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Post-ia
fi t for making
A foot-man,a foot soldier
,a pawn at chess .
A glass,cup
,priming pan of a gu n .
To die (phrase used by f akirs) .
Love,aff ection .
To fondle .
Beloved .
To esteem .
D awn of day .
To make bread .
'
See ! Ho ! holla ! . ( calling to people to get
o u t of the way) .
Breeding , rearing .
A pond,a tank
Soft,hollow .
The finest D amas cus steel , which , with
that of Kaum ,was esteemed the best in
the east .
A blockhead,a so rt o f drum , a thin‘
j oin t of bamboo,empty
,
One whose teeth have fallen out,toothles s .
A wind instrument .
The space between two j oints or articu
lation s of the .body or of a bamboo,
or sugar-cane .
F inger .
Covering , clothed . in (used in
( covering the feet)— shoes , slippers .
Clothed in green .
Vestments,dress
,habit .
(cloth) .
Concealed,hidden .
Concealment .
Crust,
’
shell,Skin , . bark , rind .
A preparer o f skins .
Poppy-head .
One who intoxicates himself w ith infusion.of poppy-heads .
A leather garment,'
fur,
'
a
'
faul t,blemish
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Peta
Po tdar
Pothi ( A )
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Prabh u t'
a-i
Pra-dach ch hin
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
1 2 1»
A boat .
N ature,disposition
,qual ity
,glass beads , .
beads .
A grandson,a descendant .
T he ey e-l id , the crop of birds , stomach
A cash-keeper .
A large book .
A book .
A clove of garlic .
Grand-daughter .
A cloth worn at the time of bathing.
A large bundle .
A bundle .
Predominant , violent , strong , powerful .
A kind of song,style
,composition of a
dis course .
Entrance,access .
Splendour
Influence,prosperity
,felicity , majesty .
Morning , dawn .
Sung in a tune or ra'
gini pecu l iar tm
m orning .
Commander,lord
,principal , master .
Government , liberty , Option , superiority,influence
,legislation .
Ancient .
Going round an obj ect to which respect
i s intended with the right hand always~
towards it ( a religious ceremony) , circuit ,circumambulation .
Obvious,notorious , public .
To issue forth,to become manifest , to .
appear .
The act of beating , a stroke .
A striker,smiter , debaser .
A subj ect,tenant , renter .
Manner , method , kind , sort.
S trength,vigour
,
Apparent,conspicuous
,clea r , (71 . light)
22 GLO SSARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
T rakiti
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Para'
n
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pret ni
Prit
Prit am“
Pit am
Prit h i (see p irt hi)
N atu re , th e natural s tate or dispo sition ,habit .
Fate,lot
,destiny , predes tination .
Quantity,proo f, verification .
Proper, creditable , reverend , chairman of
an assembly , ( in Bengal) a chief of a
tribe among the inferior castes .
Breath , soul , l ife , sweetheart, mistress .
Sou l's lord .
Salutation,bow
,obeisance .
Having li fe,an animated
,a human being .
R eceivin g,getting.
Supplication,prayer .
R ejoiced , pleased .
To acquiesce,to like .
Acquiescence , pleasu re , favour.
Atonement,expiation .
Question .
N o to rious,famous .
Morning , dawn o f dav .
Auspices , Splendour, glory .
Glorious .
First , before .
The earth,ground .
Patronising,tu iti on
,fostering
,rearing
,
breeding , cheri shing .
Cherisher,patron .
Love, aff ection , friendship .
Coloured with th e dye of love , loving .
A fl'
ection ate , lover .
A departed soul , a Spirit of the dead ,a ghost
,an evil spirit.
A female ghost .
Love , friendship .
A favourite , friend , lover , beloved .
The earth .
N ame of an ancient R fija'
,son of Vena ,
R ate of Bettoo r. He was married to a
194.
GLOS SAR Y O F INDIAN TERMS .
bin dh n a .
Pu l-sirat . .
c o o p .
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o
o . 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 o . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 t o 0
A bridge , an embankment .
(To make a bridge) , signifies to limit ,to bound .
The bridge over which Musa lmfin s belie ve :
they must pass into paradise .
A kind of dish made of flesh and rice .
Virtue,virtuous action
,charity
,merit .
A virtuous action,performed (according
t o those who hold the doctrine of th e
metempsychosis) in one sta te of existence ,the reward of which is received in a ,
future transmigration,merit of an eu
cestor rewarded in his descendants
Capita l in trade,stock
,principal sum .
Chari table,virtuous
,religious .
A city,town .
A so n .
Full,complete .
En tire,complete
,exact
,fu ll
,total , i
sufficient .
To fi ll,to reimbu rse .
A kind of cake,made of pease meal .
A large village .
East,eastern
,former , prior .
Hindi sacred books .
To fill,Old .
The day of the ful l moon , when Hindus
bathe in the Ganges or other sacred river .
The bhashfi or dialect o f the eastern district,a rag sung in A
the th ird watch , eastern .
A kind of fresh cake fried in gh i.
A complete sentence.
A skin with which a drum is made .
An old man,an elder , an ancestor .
Ancestors,ancestry .
A priest who presides at the performance
o f religious ceremonies,family priest .
The wife of a Purohit .
G LOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Pu rsish
-ba-p ush t
Pu sh ta
kfi tar'
a karna
k’
a tamasha
swang A puppet show .
nach
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 25
Inquiry (generally after health) , in ter
rogation,questioning .
A man .
A small village .
A scrap (generally of paper) , piece , bit ,rag
,the nap of cloth
,or the down Of birds .
To be severely wounded in battle .
Very necessary , most essentia l .
The ninth Bindh month .
A flower .
The car o f Kuve r a,god of riches .
Back , progenitors , ancestry , a prop , second ,an assis tant.
Generation by generation .
A buttress,bank
,hill .
An embankment .
Hereditary,ancestral .
A vice in horses,plunging and kicking
up behind .
A load borne on the back .
A son .
A young monkey .
A term of abu se .
A puppet,an image .
A small image,the apple of the eye .
To honour o r esteem as the apple of
the eye .
A son .
A daughter .
The buttock , the hip of any animal .
The felly o f a wheel .
Straw .
The lip of a horse .
A cord twisted tight round a horse’s lip or
ear to enable the farrier to manage him .
Love , aff ection .
1 26 GLO S SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
This letter i s represented by If in thi s work .
In Arabic and Persian there i s only one form of letter,
which has a distinctly lingual s ound . In Hindi,and Hindhs tz
-
ini,
there are three forms to denote ( 1 ) r, fully sounded wit h the tongue
vibrating on the pa late,or, as in the F rench amour. ( 2) r, p ron oun ed
with the point of the tongue reverted on the palate . (3) rh,
as
the last,aspirated .
R a‘aiyat (Plur . ra
p arwar-i .
R a‘aiyat-i
R abab
R abab-i
R abiib-iyg
R aban or R avana .
To‘
fondle .
Beloved , plea sant.
Thirst.
To quench thirs t.
To be thirsty .
To suffer thirst .
Thirsty .
To be very th irsty .
A subject,tenant .
Protection of subj ects .
Subjection,tenancy .
Syrup , l iqu id jui ce of the sugar-cane .
A kind of vio lin .
A player on the rab’
ab .
Son of Vish rav'
a and Kaik asi,was king o f
Lanka (Cey lon) , carried away Sita, andhis kingdom was deprived her husband
R ama-Chandra . gm . I t i s said that Vish nu,
ha ving an inclination for war, caused
a Brahman to curse his two door-keepe rs
wishing that they might be born on
earth three times , returning after ea ch
time to their o riginal forms of porters
1 29 GLO S SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
R a’e
R fi’e-bahs
R a’e-bel
R'
zi’e guman
Zfi ll ll
R a’cz an i k a rna
R a f a
o o o o o o o o o o o
R a f-‘a t
R afi‘
"u-l-kadr
"u-l-makan
R a f i!;
jR a f T1
R ejection,repulsion
,resistance
,refutation
,
vomiting .
Argument , discussion , altercation .
A rejoinder .
R eturning compliments .
To rej ect , vomit .
A layer of a wall,th e work o f a day .
R ej ected,rej ected things .
A kind of silk cloth .
A man riding .
behin d anoth er on the
same horse,the rhyming word O f a po em .
A (Hindi?) prince , chief.
A Hindu title -th e chief of princes .
Wisdom , Opinion , thought , counsel .
A kind of spear .
A flower so called .
Opinion,j udgment
,notion , persuasion ,
one who gives his Opinion .
To form or give an opinion .
Mending (a garment) , cementing broken
friendship,quieting
,pacifying , peace ,
tranquility .
Elevation , promotion , ascending , finish ing ,completing
,settling , deciding , repelling ,
removing .
D eciding , settling , finish ing .
Settling a dispute,deciding a difference ,
getting rid of a dispute .
Elevation,promotion , dignity , eminence ,
nobility .
High,sublime , exal ted .
Of high estimation .
Of exalted rank .
A friend,ally , .
a s so ciate , companion .
A heretic,particularly a shi‘ah . gm .
Gone , departed , deceased , lo st.
Going,in the act of going , by degrees ,
gradually,in process of time .
D arning , a darn .
GLOS SAR Y o r INDIA N TERMS .
R a f fi ch akk ar
ch akkar men a-jana
hona . .
ch hfina
Bag a r‘
a or R agga
-§ ward
-takn'
a'
-kha rc h .
1 9
Making one’s escape,stea ling o ff.
To be lost in astonishment . ‘
A darner.
The emp loyment of darning.
To run away , to re tire .
A musical mode ; of which there are six ,music , song , tune, an ger, passion ,
love .
To be in concert .
N ame of a treat ise on music,consisting
of illustrations o f the primary and subor
dinate modes , and the subjects appro
p riated to each .
Music .
A song composed of many rag s or mu
sica l modes .
A vein , fibre .
To be obstinate , pettish , proud .
Veined,cloth in which the threads are
uneven,a wicked brat .
Pride .
To become impotent .
Every vein .
To be appeased , to have a rupture .
Attrition,friction , rubbing.
Quarrelling,rubbing
,poli shing .
Quarrel,debat e
,discussion .
R oad,way
,manner.
A present brought from on a journ ey .
To refuse adm ittance,to stop one ’s
progress .
A guide,conductor.
Conducting,guiding on the way .
To give way .
T O establish a custom .
A collector Of duties (on roads) .
Collection of duties (on roads) .
To expect,to wait for.
To contract friendship .
Charges of the road , travell ing expenses .
9
1 30 GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
R ah im .
R ahim-i
fil m
Ba hwa
To follow one ’s own devi ces .
To go , to depart .
To waylay , to rob , to lay one under
restraint,to ruin one’s prospects in life
A book or map o f roads .
T O establish mutual confidence .
To keep up an in tercourse .
A travell er .
Manners,habits
,customs .
Just,righ t .
A highwayman .
Highway robbery .
A traveller,way-farer
,travel ling .
(C on tracton of rib ) , a road , path .
A traveller,a galloping horse .
A guide .
Waggery,merriment , secret , private .
To be pl eased,to rej oice .
S taying , remaining .
A wh eel for drawing water wi th .
Quiet,repose
,ease
,tranqu i lity .
Wine,pure
,of the best quality .
Mercifu l (an epithet , of God and the
prophet Muhamm ad) ,
Mercy .
A m ortgagor .
A small cannon,a swivel
,a cart .
A kind of pulse , ch anfi, ( cicer arietin um) .
Mercy,kindness , pity , a sort of sweet
cake of a white colour .
Tender-hearted,merciful
,kind .
Mercifu l , forgiving . (An epithet o f God).
To stay ,stop
,remain
,be , exis t, last ,
stand,continue
,live
,escape .
A spinning-wheel .
i p hon ,or the dragon that i s supposed
to devour the sun or moon during an,
eclipse,the ascending node .
A slave (not purchased) .
132 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERM S .
’
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
R akhana
S i lver.
D escendant o f °
a R aja,the name ‘
O f a
R aj p iit tribe .
The metropolis , s eat of empire,royal
residence .
The prime minister of a R aja.
D etestation , repulse, dej ection
,stoning
to death .
One of the three characters or dispositionsassigned by the Hindus to th e human
mind . They are.( 1) Sativa , goodnes s ,
benevolence . ( 2) R aja, passion or love
O f sensual enj oyment,pleasure . (3) T ama,
darkness,delusion
,promptitude to the
vindictive passion s . These are al l ex
hibited in the HinduTrinity ; in B rahma,raj a p revails ,
' in Vishnu , Sat iva , and
in Siva,tama .
A kingdom,a country under the contro l
Of a R aja.
N eck , Slave , enclosure , esplanade , environs .
A mark,sign
,writing
,character
,a mode
of arithmetical notation,
chieflv taken
from the initials of the Arabic words
denoting the numbers,also a character
in this notation,ar ithmetic , manner , kind ,
method,sort
,a royal edict .
To mark down,to write .
Written,marked .
A demon,an evil spirit , a giant .
D ancing , sk ipping about .
Bowing the body in prayer .
Keeper .
Keeping , charge , protec tion .
To give in charge,to cause to keep ,
put , place .
A' tribute paid to a Sikh chief for pro
t ection ,a protecto r, guardian , grass which
has been preserved fo r catt le , hay . (In
view of the frequen t droughts in India ,
GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
R ak hiy'
a
Bakh ch h orn'
a .
R ak h (lena .
l ena .
R akhsh
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
i-az ima t
i-safar .
Bak hw'
a-i'
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-ch andan
R am,R ama
1 33
i t was suggested that the system of silos
should be introduced i.e . Of preserving
food for cattle in pi ts ; but this has not
been,at all events
,generally
,ad opted ) .
An amulet o r string wh ich Hin dfis tie
round their arms on a certain festival .
Protection , keeping .
To keep,put
,place , have , ho ld , pos sess ,
lay ,set
,station
,leave
,own
,stop ,
save,
reserve .
To place , keep , have , give in charge .
To put down,place
,keep , put by .
To take in charge,to take into keeping
or service .
A horse,a famous horse of R ust am , q.v. ,
sp lendour , the rays or reflection Of ligh t .
R e splendent , refulgent , dazzling .
Shining,
flashing .
A fla sh of lightning .
Property ,apparatus , furniture , apparel.
T O pack up .
Intention .
Goods for travelling , a pedlar’s stock .
The price paid for keeping.
A keeper,guard , shepherd , cowherd ,
goatherd .
Keeping , guarding , grazing cattle .
A rival,enemy
,one who watches , a
gu ardian .
A rider,riding
,mounted on a horse,
also,on a ship .
D ance , dancing .
Blood,red .
R ed sandal-wood .
R esin , rosin ,pitch , saliva.
The seventh Hin dfi in carnation ,
134 GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
-l_rhu r
-k hu rda . .
R ama-chandra
The R amayan , a long s tory .
A common Hindii form of salutation .
F ligh t, elopement .
To fly,run away .
Taking to fl ight .
Taken to flight .
Son of D a sarat h a and conqueror o f
Lank'
a or Ceylon . He was the seventh
avatar ; when the deity descended for
th e purpose o f destroying Bavaria, who
having Obtained ( fo r hi s devo tion ) ,a
promise from Brahm'
a that he Should
n o t suffer death by any o f the usual
means,had become the tyrant and pest
Of mankind . The D evatfis came in the
shape of monkeys,as Bavaria had gained
no promise o f safety from them ; hence
Han uman a was R ama’s general . R ama
ch andra’s mo thers
’
s n ame was Kau sh alya.
His younger broth er Bhar at a was son
Of Kekayi'
,who was the cause o f R ama’
s
going to the desert to perform devotions ,on the banks of th e Pamp
'
a nadi,in
sisting that h er son Should reign the
four teen years that R'
ama employed in
th e devotions ; whi le engaged in these ,or during his s ojourn in the forests
accompanied by Lak shmana ( his brother
by Sum it ra) , on an occasion of his
absence,hunting
, Bavaria ap peared as
a beggar,and enticed away Sitfi, the
daughter of Janaka R TIi,who had
promised to give her to any person who
could break a certain bow , which was
done by R amach andra . These incidents
are related in Kfim'
ayan The story
given there Of the abduction of Sita i s ,as fellows ; R ama had drawn a circle
round Si ta,and forbidden her to go
136 GLOS SARY o r IND IAN TERMS .
R amdii p h attu
R amida
R amkali
R ammfil
R amz
bh fimi
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
R a ndi
S lave of R am,a common appellation o f
a slave .
The m o b,v ulgar
,common people .
errified, disturbed , afflicted .
N ame O f a r ag ini or musical mode .
A sooth sayer, fortune-teller , conjurer .
A shoemaker’s knife,a scraper .
The name of a wood,of a kind o f reed .
The name of a vegetable, Ochra (Hib iscu s
esculent us) .
A wink,nod
,sign
,riddle
,enigma
,mys
teriou s allu s ion , ambiguous express ion ;
Battle,war .
F ield of battle .
A Hin dii title Of a prince or raj a ( T ani,a princess) .
A wilderness .
The name O f a tree . . (Palma ch rist i. R i
cin u s vu lgar is) , the castor-oil plant .
A W idow
Son of a widow,a spoilt ch ild .
A plane for smoothing wood .
A hole,loop-hole , embrasure .
R ej ected , driven ou t , expelled .
Widowhood .
Barren . (The m angoe fi sh without roes
are so called,and the word is applied
to unproductive trees) .
A woman (generally in a bad sense) .
A whore-monger .
Whoring .
A widow.
To expel .
Parsley.
N eighbourhood .
A widower .
Pewter, tin .
GLOS SARY OF IN D IAN TERMS .
J'
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 . Q . Q
R ang fak h oj'
an a . .
ka rna .
-mahall
ada
ada-i. .
R angin-i . .
R an gna .
R angwaiy'
a . .
Ban gwa’I
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Colour,hue , paint
,manner
,method
,
amusement,merrimen t
,pleasure .
Scattering co lour.
Painting , colouring, stra tagem .
Having lost colour,being lost in fear
or astonishment .
Various colours or sorts,various .
Spoiling O f sport .
A place of amusement,theatre
, p alaastra .
Changing the state o r cond ition O f anything
To be elated with liquor .
To look at,examine th e state or condition ,
result or consequence o f anyth ing .
To grow pale from fear or astonishm ent .
To enjoy , to lead a life of pleasure .
To colour .
An apartment dedicated to voluptuous
enjoyment .
To win in gaming.
To change colour,to be afraid .
The price paid for dyeing,a certain space
O f time during which a cloth i s dyed .
To colou r,t o tinge or dye .
Various,many coloured
,Of various kinds .
Colour .
A dyer,
A rake,gaudy
,fine
,showy .
Coloured,painted
,figurative
,fine
,showy
,
various .
Of elegant manners .Elegance O f manners .
Colouring,
figu rativen ess , variety .
To colour .
A dyer .
Price paid for colouring,dyeing .
Grief, afflic tion , anguish of mind , offence ,disgust .
Priming~p owder.
p m .
To prime.
4 38 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
R as ( la) .
bithana or J ena
faka t
To burn ’ priming,to flash in the pan .
To flash in the pan (priming) .
Afflicted , off ended , vexed , displeased .
Affliction .
Grie f,affl iction .
S ick , afflicted , infirm .
R iding on horseback .
The seraglio O f a R'
ajfi.
Fatigue , hard labour .
T O s lip,to slide .
To gallop hard .
The gambols of Krish na , in which the
women of Braj danced round him,whil st
he stood in the m idst , the name Of a
Hindi festival celebrate d in the month
O f Kfirt ik .
The Zodiac .
A dancing boy who imitates the IR S of
Kgish na , a heap , the sign o f the Zodiac .
The reins of a bridle .
To adopt a son .
T he head,a head of ca ttle— signifying
one horse or ox .
A horse of middling breed .
A thorough-bred horse .
The winter solstice
The summer sols tice .
Juice,humour
,essence
, ( in rhetoric) the
passion s or sen timents which a com
position describes or i s calcu lated to
excite. The di ff erent s tyles of such com
position are . ( 1 ) srin g'
ara-ras,ex pressing
love,or the inte rcourse between and
mutual feelings of lovers . ( 2) hfisya-ras,
the ludi crous st yle . (3) karunz’
r-ras,the
path etic . (4 ) vira-ras, the heroic or epic“describing deeds of courage and martial
prowess . (5) rau dra-ras,describing or
ex citing rage and indignation . (6) hh ay
anaka-ras,the ’
terrible, describing the
140 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
R as si .
Ba t , contract ion o f Bi t
( nig h t )
R a tan-jot
R a t an-marrjari
To wet with perfumed essences .
Customary , middling , second sort .
Victuals,kitchen .
S tring,cord .
N ight .
A nightly vigil kept by women on re1i~
gions occasions .
R ed,d y ed
,coloured .
A yam, ( D ioscorea) .
A j ewel,gem
,preciou s stone
,the pupil !
O f the eye .
To be lewd .
N ame of a plant,a medicine said to be
. good for the eyes .
A necklace o f precious stones,name of”
a book on astronomy .
N ame of a flower .
A fou r-wheeled carriage .
A coachman .
Coachmanship .
The festival o f th e procession of the car
of Jagan'
n—ath .
“ On the occasion Of‘
the festival s of Juggernaut , he is aecom
p an ied by his bro ther Bala R ama , and
his sis ter Subhadra,and is conveyed to
a place abo ut a mile from the temp le jat Poree . This throne on which he i s"
seated i s fixed on a stupendous car,
Six ty feet in height ; the enormous weight
of which,as it passes slowly along , deeply
furrows the ground over which it ro ll s .
Immense cables are attached to it , by
which i t is d rawn along by thousands
of men,women
, ,
and even infants ; as'
i t i s considered an act of acceptable
devotion to assi st in urging fo rward
this h orrible mach ine , on which , round
th e th rone of the idol , are upwards of
a hundred priests and attendants . As
the ponderous car rolls on , s ome of the
G LOSSARY O F INDIAN TERMS . 1 4 1
devotees and worshippers O f the idol
throw themsel ves under the wheels,and
are crushed to death ; and numbers lose
their li ves by the pressure O f the crowd .
”
(S T OGQUELER )Jugg ernath (prop . Jag anifi t h ) , in
Hindoo mythology the re-animated form
of Krishna According to the Hindoos ,the lo ve-inspiring Krishna was one day
shot with an arrow from the how of a
hunter,who left the lo vely form Of the
deity,whom the GOp ias had so fran tic
a lly adored,to rot under the tree where
it fell . After some time,his bones were
collected by some pious persons , and
made the means o f enriching the p riests of
the Hindoos . Being placed in a box , they
remained ti ll Vishnu,on being applied
t o by a religious monarch , Indra D ho omna ,
commanded him to make an image of
Juggern a t’h,and place the bones in i t.
T he king would willingly have done as
he d esired,but
,unfortunately
,possessed
not the skil l for such an undertaking
so he made h old to ask Vishnu who
s hould make it ? Vishnu told him to
apply to Viswakarma ,the architect of
th e gods . He did so, and Viswakarma
s et about - forming the image of Jugger
nat’h,but declared , if any person dis
t u rbed h im in his labours,he would
l eave his work unfinished . All would
have gone on well,had not the king
s hown a reprehensible impatience to those
d ivine injunctions which he had so lemnly
pledged himself to observe . After fifteen
d ays he went to see what progress the
holy a rch itect had made ; which so enraged
h im that he desisted from his labours ,a n d left the intended god without either
1 42 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
arms or legs . In spite,however , o f this
perplex ing event,the work of V iswa
karma has become cel ebrated throughout
Hindostan , and pilgrims , from the re
m o tes t corners o f india,
flock at the
time of the festivals of Juggernat’h to
pay their adoration at hi s monstrous
and unhallowed sh rine . Between two and
three thousand persons are computed to
lose th eir l ives annually on their pil
grimage to Juggernat’h . The temples o f
this deity bein g the resor t Of al l the
sects o f Hindoos,i t i s calculated that
not less than two hundred thousand
worsh ipp ers visit th e celebrated pagoda
in Orissa yearly,from which the Brahmans
draw an immens e revenue . All the land
within twenty miles round the pagoda
is considered holy (The classica l scholar
will compare the Phocian town of Crissa).“ but the most sacred spot is an area
of about six hundred and fi fty feet
square,which contains fifty temples . T he
most conspicuous o f these is a loftytower
,about one hundred and eighty
four feet in height,and about twenty
eigh t feet square inside,called the Bu t
D ewali,in which the idol and his broth er ,
and sister Subhadra , are lodged . A d
j oining are two pyramidical buildings .
In one,about forty feet square , the idol
i s worshipped ; and , in the other, the
food prepared for the pilgrims i s dis trib
a ted . These buildings were erected ,
A D . 1 198 . The walls are covered w it h
statues,many of which are in highly
indecent postures . The grand entrance
i s on th e eas tern side ; and close to the
outer wal l s tands an elegant stone column ,
th irty-five feet in height, the shaft o f
" 144
R ati
R atib
Katiba .
R at r or rfit ri .
R au gh an . .
—l
i-b alsa'
in .
-i-tall_rl_1
-i-zard . .
-josh
-khw"
an
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-farosh
GLOS SARYO F INDIAN TERMS .
northward of Juggernat’h,are the
remains of an ancient temple Of the
sun , ca ll ed , in English charts— the black
pagoda . The greater part o f the temple
is in ruins,having b een thrown down
,
apparently , by lightning or earthquake ;bu t , from what remains
,i t appears to
have been o n e of th e most singular
edifices ever constructed in India . Part
Of t he tower, 1 20 feet high
,i s stil l
standing,and the antechamber
,or jun g
moh un,about 100 feet high . They are
built of immense blocks of stone and
massive beams of iron,s ome of which
are nearly a foot square,and from twelve
to eighteen feet long . This temple,which
has been long deserted,was built by a
R ajah Of Orissa , in (S T OCQUELER ) .
The Hindi Venus,wife of Kamadeva
(Cup id) .
D aily allowance of food (to animals , par
ticu larly dogs and elephants) , al lowance,portion
,provision .
Salary ,stipend
,pay .
N ight .
G rease , Oil, boiled bu tter , varnish .
A vessel for boiling butter in .
An oil-merchant .
Balsam .
Oi l o f mustard .
Boiled butter .
A kind of dish .
A garden , mausoleum .
One who '
recites the praises of Husain
in the month muharram,or an eulogist
at the tomb of a saint .
See R'
aban .
Cus tom ,fashion , institution
,law
,rule
,
avenue,walk , passage , way .
R ight,proper , accurate , worthy .
G LOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS . 145
R awa-dar
0 0 .
0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-o . . o o o o
An approver, chooser , consenter , judgin g ,right .
Approbation .
Gold or sil ver filings,a grain or particle
of sand,dust
,gunpowder .
Usage,custom , fash ion , currency , sale ,
customary , current , vendible .
Going , flowing , running , text , reading ,l ife
,soul .
To set agoing,to despatch
,to forward
,
to send,to make current .
A pass,passport
,despatched
, d epa rted ,proceeding .
T O flow , to be despatched , to be in motion ,to go
,to pass .
A servant who attends at the gate of the
women’s apartment,to purchase articles
that are required .
Swift,going , proceeding , travell ing swiftly .
A hero , a sweeper Of a particular caste .
His tOIy ,narrative
,tale .
A historian,the author of a fable , ro
mance,
fiction .
S tandards , banners , especially of an army
in motion,a camp .
A secret, a mystery .
Trusty , faithful , a confidant .
Keeping of secrets , s ecrecy .
A secret .
Secrets of lovers , loving prattle , a mason ,bricklayer .
Keeping or concealing secrets .
A state secret .
A vineyard,vine , grape , a batt le , a _castle
in Medina .
Consent , acquiescence , permission , leave .
Acquiescing, consenting , permitting , wish
ing , will ing .
Consent, acquiescence , permission .
10
146 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O
0 O 0 O O 0 0 O 0 o 0 c o
0 0 O O 0 0 0 O 0 0
A quilt .
A fos ter-brother .
Satisfied,content ed
,agreed
,pleased
,
W i lling .
God willing .
An acknowledgment by the pla intiff that
a cause i s finally settled , the defendant .
giving a saf i-n'
ama,a general release .
Sustainer,a title of the deity .
W ar,battle
,combat .
The field of battle .
R elating to war .
Poems giving accounts of wars .
An epithet of the D eity , provider o f daily
food .
God , the so le provider o f dai ly food .
Sand .
Sand agi ta ted as waves by the wind .
Fossi l alkali u sed for washing and makingsoap .
Writing , line , mark , fate , des tiny .
S cattered . The Urdi , or . Hindustani
language is called rel_t l_ita , being a mix ed
'dialect,a Hindfistfin i ode , morta r, plas ter
A flood,line or string of animals , rushing ,
rush,push , shove .
To shove,push
,rush .
Abundance,plenty
,crowd , bustle .
N igh t.
A small melon .
Palma christi ( R icinu s vul ga ris) .
Castor-Oil .
N ame Of a medicinal herb .
To bray (as an ass) .A wound
,a sore
,pus , matter.
Wounded to the heart.
F ibre,stringiness of a mango .
Fibrous .
S ilk .
1 48 GLOSSARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
R ikh is
R ish
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-k hor
R ishwat-i . .
R isiya'
n a
R iw'
aj ( cor rup tion of rawaj
R iwfiyat
A sage,a saint .
A chief of the rikh'
is or saints .
Pu s , matter , humours , dregs , lees , rheum .
A reprobate,drunkard
,debauchee .
D runkenness , debauchery , trick , fraud .
In debt ; a debtor.
A debtor .
Anger,vexation
,passion .
Mis sion , sending a letter , a book , treati se ,an essay
,a small tract
,a troop of horse .
The commander of a troop Of horse .
The command of a troop of horse .
Co l .) Pamphlets .
M ission ,divine mission .
Asylum of proph ecy , i.e . Muh ammad .
To be displeased,to be angry , to be vexed .
Bea rd .
T O shave .
laughing , risrble,ridiculous .
R isibil ity,a laughing-s tock , a pro verbial
saying when a man does anything nu
worthy O f his beard .
A sage,a saint .
A string,line
,series
,relationship , kin .
A relation .
A bribe .
One who takes bribes .
To be vexed , angry , provoked .
Custom,usage
,rite , habit , regulation , rule .
Empty,void .
The name of a fruit, Of a fish
,soap-nut
( Sap in dus sap onaria) .
S eason,weather. The Hin diis divide the
year into six seasons ; viz . vasan ta,
grishma , va rsh‘
a,
sarad,h im a
,and
sisira .
U sage , custom ,fash ion
,currency
,sale
,
customary,current
,vendible .
A history,narrative , tale , fi ction
,fable .
GLOSS ARY OF INDIAN TERM S .
p an or p ana .
R oh fi
1 4 9
subterfuge ;Hypocrisy , dissimulation,
evasion,affec tation .
A hypo crite , dissembler .
Government , command , dominion .
Gardens .
Abstinence,austeri ty .
A practiser of austerities,a devotee .
Mathematics .
Wish , will .
Mean,wort hless .
Meanness , baseness , worthlessnes s .
Food,subsistence .
Good plea sure , the name Of the door
keeper of paradise .
Hair of the body,down
,wool .
W eeping , crying , tears .
The name of the fourth mansion of the
mo on , comprising Aldeba ran and four
other stars in Tauru s ,The nam e of a fish .
Vegetation , growth of a plant .
Brass,bell-metal .
Brazen-bodied,a hero
,an epithet of
Is fan dyfir,whose body was impenetrable
to weapons .
R eady money,ca sh .
Prevention,prohibition
,stopping
,hin
dran ce .
R eadv money,cash .
A cash-keeper,a treasurer .
T O enclose,to surround , to sto p , to pre
vent,to detain
,to interrupt
,to prohibit .
A red grain or seed with which the
tilak i s made .
To roll,to place
,to smooth
,to select ,
to pick out .
D own , small hair of th e body .
To cry , weep , be displea sed , be melancholy ,addicted to crying
,lamentation
,grief.
150 GLOS SARY o r IND IAN TERMS .
R op na .
R or . .
R or'
a or rora
R osh na’i
R o sh n-i
R osn'
a or
-o-sh ab
Of a sad countenance,a melancholy
countenance .
To sow , to plant , to defend .
N oise,clamour
,fame .
A stone , fragment o f stone or brick .
N ame o f a caste of Chh atri or Ksh atri.
With difficulty,labo ur
,pain .
Anger,rage .
T O be angry , to be displeased .
Ligh t , splendid , manifes t , conspicuous .
A kind of serenade with pipes and small
tabors , round the apartment of a great
man when he retires to rest,the same
kind of music used on other occa sions .
Sn ufl'
.
A small hole for admitting light .
O f an enlightened mind .
Of en ligh tened understanding .
Of a bright genius .En lightened in mind .
Light , splendour, ink .
Light,splendour .
To be displeased,to quarrel
,to have a
misunderstanding with a friend .
A village,a peasant
,a villager .
Thick b read ,sweetmea ts o ffered toHanuman .
Bread .
A da y .
A good day to "you .
D ailv, constantly .
F ortunate day s , happy times , prosperity .
D ay of judgment:
The day of reckoning , (j udgm ent) .
Adversity,misfortune, trouble .
D ay and nigh t , alway s , constantly .
Fast,fasting , lent .
One who fasts .To kneak a fast .
152 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
R u faka, plu r . of raf ik . .
R fih
u-l-amin
u-l-kn ds
u-l-lah
R uhr—m i
R ub-i
Bfi’i
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
d en’
a
karn a-p h ern a or -badalna
rakhn fi
R fik h a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
To excite desire,to be agr eeabl e .
Weeping .
Blood .
The face .
A friend , ally , associate , companion .
Soul,spiri t .
The angel Gabriel .
The holy spirit,th e angel Gabriel .
The spirit o f God .
Spiritual .
(My spirit, my word) , sp l ritual .
Cotton .
A quilt stuffed with c otton .
R eturn,turning towards
,appearing .
To turn~
towards , to submit , to yield
Prevention , detention , hindrance .
T O boot,over and above .
A tree .
(A climber of trees) , a monkey , plain ,unseasoned .
The cheek,th e castle at ches s , face , point ,
side, quarter .
To familiarize .
To attend to,to accede to .
To be inattentive,to rej ect
,to turn away
from , to be angry , to be displeased .
To continue friendship,to maintain friendly
intercourse .
D ry , plain , pure , simple , rough , harsh ,unkind .
Plain,blunt
,harsh (word s) .
R oughness,plainness, unfriendliness .
Alabaster,marble .
A carpente r’s chisel .
The cheek .
Leave,license , permission , discharge
To depart .
To dism i ss .
Asking leave to depart .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Bukhsa t-Eina
R ukhsa t-i
R ukn
R uk na
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
R iin dh na
R fip-n idhfin
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
R fip osh
153”
A “parting present .
Anything given at pa rting .
A pillar , prop , aid , support , a grandee ,foot of a verse .
To stop , to be hindered , to be enclosed ,to be prohibited
Bowing the head in prayer .
The act Of riding on a horse,in a carriage
,
commission of a crime .
A preventer .
To ca use to prevent .
To cause to weep .
R ome , the Turkish empire , Greece ,R o
melia,Constantinople .
A handkerchief,a towel .
A handkerchief worn abo ut the head,a
kind of pigeon .
A pomegranate .
Belonging to or resembling the pome
granate,of a ruby colour .
To surround , to enclose (as , with a hedge) ,to watch
,to be restrained
, to be con
founded,astonished .
The short hairs of the body.
The standing of the hairs on end from fear . .
Cou n tenance,form
,shap e , figu re ,ap p earan ce , .
face , picture , beauty,manner
,mode
,
method , silver .
R eceptacle or abode of beauty .
Calcined si lver .
Ocean Of beauty .
S i lver .
A coin so ca lled , the rupee , the silver
token of exchange in India, (at one time
the rupee was,
equal to two shillings,
or a little more,English money ; but
since the depreciation of Silver,its ex
change value is but a fraction over a
shilling) .
Hiding the face,con cealed .
1 54 GLOS SARY O F IND IAN TERMS .
R fip osh h ona . .
R fipo sh-i .
R up-wan t
R usna or
R ust am
R usum
R u sfimat , (plur . o f ru sfim)R u swa
To hide one’s face,to . be concealed , to
abscond .
Concealment .
W ell-shaped,handsome, beautiful .
To be displeased , to be angry , to be vexed .
One Of th e twelve champions o f Persia .
His combat with Isfandiy'
ar is famous
in th e east ; i t lasted two days : and , as
the brazen body of his enemy was proof
against his arrows,he at last killed him
with his mace . He was son of Zfil,who
was son of Sam , son Of N arim'
an . He
was general to Kaika’fis,and considered
by the Persians descended from Mimun,
son of Benjamin , son of J acob . He
overcame Af r'
asiyab, king of T urkisten ,who was j oined by the Indians and
Tartars : nevertheles s , he fe ll into dis
grace with his master, principa lly on
accoun t of his rejecting the religion of
Zoroaster ; and , it was upon this occasion
that he killed Kaikfi’iis’s son Isfandiy
'
ar
above mentioned . He was killed by the
wound of an arrow in an engagement
with Bahman (or Artaxerxes Longiman u s)son o f Isfandiyar. Hence a hero is
called R ustam .
Valour,heroism .
F i rmness,constancy .
F irmness , constancy , steadiness,steady
friendship .
Cu stoms , a fee , du ties , ,tax es , postage o f
letters .
Customs , fees , usages .
Infamous,ignominious , dishonoured
,
o p p robium ,disgrace .
I nfamous throughout th e world .
Ignominy,infamy .
R ank , dignity , degree, stair, step .
To advance in dignity .
1 56 GLO S SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Sada ( A )
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sfida p gi .
Sadfika t
D esire .
Hundred .
An ode, p oem .
Always .
A fabled fruit , eating of which confers
long life,con stantly bea ring fru i t
,a kind
of lemon .
A name of Mah'
adev.
The name of a bird ( T rogon dilect u s) ,
th e name of a flower (Hib iscus p h oen i
ceu s,th e white variety) . A kind of fakir
dressed like a woman .
Sound , tone , echo , voice , nois e .
Plain,white
,unadorned
,s imple
,beard les s
,
artless,open
,sincere .
Artles s,simple
,stupid .
Simplicity,sincerity
,artlessness .
A kind of goldsmith .
Same as sada-dil .
Beard les s .
Artles sness,simplicity
,stupidity .
Alms,or food distributed daily to the
poor,travellers
.
and others in want .
A shell,a pearl
,mother of pearl .
Plainness,want of ornament
,artlessness ;
simplicity , sincerity .
S incerity,candour
,friendship , truth .
The office o f prime minister , Of chief
justice .
N am e of a flower . ( R osa g landulif era) .
A wall,ba rrier
,impediment
,ditch , rampart ,
an Obsta cle, an obstruction of any kind .
The last remain s of li fe , the agonies o f
d eath .
Alexander’s wall .
Virtuous,righteous
,good , holy , a reli
gion s person,a f akir
,desire .
Holy,a devotee
,a practiser .
To teach,lea rn , rectify
,use , practise ,
solicitation,contrivance
,devotion .
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Sfidh ya
Sadke-ja'
na'
o r -hon'
a
k a rna
-i-anjuman
f ridfilat
bfiza'
r
O O O O O O O O O O O O
-i-ka lb
Safaid,s a faid
,or sated .
hone
ka rna . .
mitti-p osh
Sa f aida or sated-a
1 57
Pious , a kind of mendicant , a merchant .
Practicable , ea sy .
Alms,propi tiatory o fferings
,sacrifice .
To become a sa crifice for the welfare of
another .
To sacrifice for the welfare of another .
A blow,a stroke of fortune
,adversity ,
collision,eu ad venture .
Chief,government .
President of an assem bly , or association
for a particula r purpose .
The chief court Of j u stice .
A subordinate j udge , an O fficer in the
civi l court .
An umpire,in vestigator
,arbitrator , an
Oflicer in the civi l courts .
The chief bizar in a mi lita ry station .
The chief civi l court .
The chief judge .
A president .
Clean,clear
,pure
,innocent .
Purity , cleannes s , pleasure , content .
Purity cleannes s .
To rej ect a petition without ceremony ,to refuse flatly .
Purity of hear t “
Wh ite,blank .
To become white or grey , to turn pale
To whiten,whitewash
Chalky soil,chalk .
A man dressed in white,a man who can
afford go od c lo thing .
White .
The second month of the Muhammadan
year. (On the 20th day o f this month isheld the festival of Sa rotan , in commem
oration Of t he . junction of the h ead
and body of Hu sain . The 28 th and th e
last days of th is . month are reckoned
unfortunate ; t he . former . ou account O f
158 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS.
Sag'
a-i
karn a o o o o o o o o o t o o
Hasan’s being poisoned by his wi fe ;
the latter because destructive vege tables
are supposed to be produced on that day.)Journey , voyage
,travel .
T O travel , to go , depart , retire , die .
On the journey o r voyageA travel ler , travell ing provisions .
A quince .
Series , order , line , rank , file,row
,a mat
Arraying , putting in order O f battle .
The ranks o f war,the field of battle .
D rawing forth of an army .
Pure , jus t . The name o f a Pers ian dynas tyoverturned by N adir Sh
’
a'
h . It was
founded by S t Ismfi’il Sail in 1503,and las ted to 1 736.
A strainer,duster.
A general release , discharge from Obligation .
Foolish,stupid
,ignorant.
A shrip,vessel
,boat, blank book , common s
place book .
An envoy,ambas sador.
A medicinal powder .
Greens , edible vegetables , culinary herbs .
Greens .
To become soft .
A dog .
A pup .
A dog-keeper .
R unning about frui tlessly .
F lattery,servitude .
Son Of a bitch .
R elated , of the same parents .
Own brother, a relative , kin .
R elationship , betrothing for marriage ,second marriage of a woman of low caste .
To engage for marriage , to betroth .
S ea,ocean .
A kind O f cart.
A cup,wine cup .
1 60 GLOSSARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-and’
az or -baz
-band
Said-gi ll
Sa i f
Saif
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Traffic , trade , commerce , exchange , money .
Vide , Sah o.
A n error of the copyist .
An error or omission of th e pen .
Erroneously .
A wire-chain .
Hundred .
A hundred,per cent .
Endeavour,attempt
,enterprise .
To endeavour,attempt
,strive .
Game , prey , hunting .
Kil ler Of game .
A sportsman .
A taker o f game .
A place for game .
Summer .
A sword .
A rocket with a sword attached to its tail .
One whose cu rses prevail .Cursing .
To destroy one by cursing .
Polis hing , cleaning , polish , the polishing
instrument.
A polisher.
Flowing,a current
,torrent
,floo d .
A mountain .
Fond of going about for amusement .
Taking the air, moving about, amusement ,adventure
,perusal .
To take the air,to travel
,to read , to peruse .
Place of perambulation , passage,pass
,
thoroughfare .
An interrogator,a begga r .
Lord , master , a f akir, the deity, an imi
tative sound .
The whole,the remainder
,going
,walking
,
wandering , a ta x , duty , levied on pe rsonal
property .
A groom,a horse-keeper.
The business of a groom .
GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS . 1 61
ka rn'
a
( Sfike-b andh)
Saka rr‘
rt
A lo rd , a descendant o f Hu sain , grandson
of Muhammad .
Shape,o rnament
,appearance
,preparation .
Well-shaped,handsome .
Preparation and appearance .
Preparation , harness , accoutrements .
The teak-tree ( T ec to na g randis) .
The price paid for making belts or scab
ba rds .
A sw eetheart,a lover.
To cause to prepare .
D isposition,quality , nature .
Preparation,ornament .
Partnership .
A partne r .
Prostrate in adoration,an adorer.
Well-shaped , handsome .
A carpet,or mat on which Muhammadans
kneel at prayers , an altar, a mosque .
A kind o f minera l alkali,natrum .
To prepare,to dress
,to decorate , to
become,to regulate .
The leg , the trunk of a tree , the s ta lk
of an herb .
An era .
To e stablish an era , to distinguish one’s
self by heroic action s .
A king who has established an era .
T O be sorrowfu l , to be wearied .
Hell .
Agony , fainting.
Senselessnes s , the point o f death .
D awn of day , morning .
To accept ( a bill of exchange) .
Ability , strength , power .
A car t , the name of a Hindi holiday ,festival ( Sak at ch aum, the birthday of
An error,blunder , m istake , defect , anything
o f a base or useless nature,merchandise
1 1
1 62 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Sak et .
Sak hi
Sakhun , or su lrhan , or
sukhu n
.a or
of a peris hable quality , either Spo ilt or
sp oiling .
T O die ( applied to animals) , to miscarry . .
N arrow , strait , want , dis tress .
Trust, credit , reputation .
Season .
A branch .
A friend , companion .
A female friend , companion confidant ( to
a woman) , a kind o f fakir who dres ses
like a woman.
An evidence , a w itness.
Liberal , generou s.
Make,fabrication , fashion .
Hard,s trong , tough , difficult , stingy , very
cruel,severe , harsh . (Adv .) very , in.
tensely , violen tly , extremely .
An archer .
Holding fas t (an animal o f chase) .Extortion , taking by force .
Hardnes s,harshness
,intenseness
, Obdu ~
racy , stinginess , indigence , distress .
Thing,business
,affair
,speech
,language
,
a word .
To ask,to ques tion .
Intelligen t,skilled in language
,eloquent ,
a poet .
Intelligent,quick of apprehension .
Intelligence,understanding
,apprehension
Foretelling,predicting , second sight .
In sho rt .
N o t attending to advice .
Attending to What is said , eloquent.
A weigher of words , prudent , a poet , a
wise ma n.
An orator , speaker .
Eloquence .
Eloquen t.
Eloquence.
1 64 GLOSSARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salfih iyat
0 0 0 0 0 0
( Sallam ah u-l-l'ah u ta
Salam karna
lena‘al aikum
Sa la'
mat
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sfilfin’
a,sfiliyan a
Salawfit
A wife’s brother,brother-in-law .
F i rmness , hardness , majes ty , dignity"A sacred stone
,supposed by Hin diis to re
present Vishnu,and an obj ect O f worship .
Peace, conco rd , trea ty , _rectitude , integrity,advice , counsel . (Adj .) advisable .
Virtue, chastity , integrity .
A need le , or piece of wire for tinging
the ey elids w ith col lyrium also used
for depriving people Of sigh t , whic h i s
effected by drawing i t while hot close
over the eyes of the sufferer , a lead
pencil,a match .
A rule , a ruler , a probe .
T he end o f the month , or the day Of
the new moon ; the last day of a month
of th irty days .
Pea ce , safety, saluting , submi tting , cultivating peace
,friendship
,free from
fault or flaw .
May the Almighty protect him .
Contraction of phrase,
sign ifying z—The
blessing and peace of God be with
him . I t i s used in salutation .
To salute , hai l , to give up .
To return the salutation .
Peace be upon thee !
Safe , well , in sa fety .
To live prosperously,
Safety , health , peace .
An economis t .
Economy,good management .
Salu te,a present given to a landlord for
granting a lease .
An annual stipend , an annuity , (act ) yearly ,annual .
F or years,annually .
A chief, head , leader , prince .
The chief of a caravan , leader o f a troop .
Prayer,benediction .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
( Sah ib-salika)
u-t-tab‘
0 0 0 0 0 0
Salna . .
Salwa t
S ister-in-law,wife ’s sister , especially a
younger one .
Hard , three-co rnered , a crucifix , a cross .
Good , apt , fit , . proper,a man of probity
and honour,a sedate
,steady person
not an enthusiast .
Virtuou s,chaste .
A traveller,a devotee .
N ature,genius
,tas te ,
good disposi tion,
m ethod,knack , knowledge , dexterity ,
addre ss .
Polite conversation .
Good breeding .
Of good disposition .
A man of ta ste .
Safe,free
,perfect.
Pacific,mild
,affable
,perfect , healthy .
A flable , mild , pacific , a rea l genius , a
genuine poet .
Easy , not abstruse , simple .
Writing a plain hand .
(Contracted form of Sall i‘alfi n abiyinfi
O , God bles s our prophet l)A thong
,narrow s lips Of l eather with
which shoes are s titched .
A rivulet .
Meat or fish eaten with brea d or rice .
To perforate,bore , prick , pierce , to ache,
to be in pain .
Salted food,name of a district .
Salted , salt , dark-complexioned .
Seasoned,tasteful
,beautiful (when applied
to a mistress) .
The full moon in S'
awan, ( the fourth
Hin dfi month) , at which time the orna
ment called rfikhi (an amulet or s tring)i s tied round the wrist .
Empire , sovereignty , reign .
Content , cheerfulness , felicity .
166 GLO S SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
h e l5i
Sam'
achar
Samfidh
Semagri
Sam ak .
( az samak t'
a samak) .
A ton e in music .
Time , sea son , s tate , condition . Concord,
harmony,unison .
The heavens , sky , firmamen t . alti tude ,a canopy .
Appa ratus , provi sions , furniture , articles .
Hearing , l is tening , th e sense of h ea ring ,singing , ecs tacy in D ervises when h earinghymns .
Hea ring , the h earing or tria l of a suit .
To hear , to entertain a complaint, to
try a suit .
Cognizable .
N ews , tidings , in formatio n , intelligen ce ,account of circumstances or health .
Tomb of a J ogi, or O f other Hindfis ,who from religious moti ves
,are buried
alive . The term i s also applied to tha t
exercise o f austerity among J ogis by
which they pretend to acquire the power
of suspending fo r a time the connection
between their soul and body .
F urniture , tools,apparatus , articles ,
scenery .
Apparatu s,society
,a term applied to
so cieties for particular objects , religious
o r poli tical,as the Brahma-Samaj
,the
Arya-Sama'
j,the Hin dfi-Sam
'
aj .
Comprehension,understanding , knowledge ,
Opinion .
T O comprehend , unders tand , suppos e ,th ink
,conceive , consider , fancy , per
ceive , know .
A fi sh on which the earth i s supposed
to res t .
(F rom the bottom of the abys s to the
pinnacle Of'
A fish in general ,
the Sign Pisces of the z odiac .
Jasmine,lily of the valley .
A horse o f noble breed .
1 68 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
mu tfibik
Sanam
Sa ni tau
San‘at-i
Sfin ch
Sfin cha’
.
(SEn ch e men dhalnfi)
San ch h ep
San ch h ep an
Send or saI'
Ir
SSn da
San g
-dana . .
-dil
-i-kh7ar'§-i-marmar
— ~i-mil.m
'
atis
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
S ignatu re , deed , grant , diploma , the seal
o f a magistrate , a warrant , anyth ing '
Ou
which one leans— a document or proof,
relation , connection .
The counterpart of a grant,the order to
put i t in to ex ecution .
Held by written deeds .
An idol , a mistress , a sweetheart .
An idol temple .
Profession , trade , art, mystery , miracle .
Eternal,everlasting .
Artfu l,skilful .
True, proper , real .
A mould .
(To mould , form) .
Purse , capita l , stock , store , saving , hoard .
Abridged , short.
Abridgment.
A bull , s tallion , an independen t , ex trav
agan t fellow .
N ame of an animal resembling a liz ard,
the oi l of which i s said to have restor
ative powers .
Sandal wood .
Of th e colour of sandal wood , a kind o f
chair , a sort of eunuch .
A box , a trunk .
A small box , a casket .
Like a bo x (applied to a tomb , an d
scabbard of a sword made in that form) .
A stone , weight .
A shower of s tones , pelting with .
T he g iz zard .
Hard-h earted .
F l in t .
Marble .
The loadstone .
A kind of orange .
A stone cutte r .
Equal in weight .
GLO SSARY o r I N DIAN TERMS . 1 69
Sang at
7
San ich ar-a
SR WQI‘O
A chain,a kind of female ornament.
(dap ol-sank h)Sankh
'
ini
Sankr'
an ti
Along with,association
,union
,company
Meeting , co nflu x ,union .
Collection , co ngregation , company , a place
where th e Sik hs celebrate their religiou s
ceremonies , right, proper , well .
A companion,comrade .
S tony , o f stone .
A compilation .
Battle , war .
S toning to death .
A rtificer, maker, crea tor .
Chaff or straw mixed wi th grain (parti e
cu larlv that from which oi l has been
extracted ) as food for cattle .
Saturn,saturday .
Unlucky ( fellow) .
See 1 62 .
Evening , a particu lar prayer said in the
forenoon , at noon , and in th e evening
Morning and evening .
Images Of cow-dung made by children
to represent idols .
Weighty , grave .
Composed mind , steady temper .
Gravity , solemnity .
Accident , chance , luck , event , conjunction ,union .
To arrange things for presentation in a tray
A piece of sweetmeat .
A conch which Hindfis blow ,especially “
as a religiou s ceremony,a kind of orna
ment , a Shell .
S imple,artless .
(Promising much and perform ing nothing) .
A description Of woman : see under
p adman i.
The sun’s entering into a new Sign
1 70 GLOS SARY or IND IAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Sail s ruku'
a'
ul ti l en’
d
San san'
ahat
San sa n an a
.San sarg
S anskar
S au tanfi ( prop . Sfin twanfi)
k arna'
S ai'
rwfirn’
a
.Sanwfit
’
Sa p arda
Sap arda-i
Sap at h
S ap erfi
S ap n
S ap na
bichar-i .
'Sfip na'
—( froml
Sa'
p , imp re
cation ,
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
R espect , es teem , reverence .
Polite , civil , respectful .
A Brahman of the fourt h order,a reli
gions mendicant .
Breath,sigh .
To sigh,to regret .
To be smothered or throttled .
To gasp or draw in the breath (as a
person in agony) .
Imagination,fancy
,reflection
,fear , ap
prehension .
D oubt,uncertainty
,dread
,apprehension .
S til l,s ilent
,dreary .
An imita tive sound .
To j ingle,t o ring , to faint .
Meeting , interview .
A habit,a consecrating ceremony , con
secration,adju sting with perfumes .
A kind o f fakir, a Saint , pious , virtuous .
Palliation,con solation .
To appease,still , comfort .
To prepare,to dress
,to decorate , to
adorn,to arrange .
Years,old coin current at a depreciated
rate after a certain number of years .
A musician,attending on singing women .
Musician s attending a dancing girl .
A n oath , an asseveration .
A snake-charmer,a snake-catch ing woman .
A dream .
An interpreter of dreams .
To cu rse .
The head,top
,pinnacle , origin , end , point .
Exalted , promoted .
All,the whole , from one end to the other .
Closed,hidden .
Intrepid , risking one’s head or life .
Eminent,glorious , _exalted .
1 72 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Sa rda
Sa rd-aba
kahin
Sar ( or sir) -duwal . .
Saresh prop . Siresh
Sarf
Sarfa
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
Sar-guroh . .
Sar-gu z ash t
Sar-hadd .
Sarh angSfiri or S
'
ari
a rir
A kind of water melon,a superior kind
of musk melon brought from Cabul .
A cold bath , a place built under ground to
shelter from heat , a cool room for summer .
A chief,a head man .
Chief-priest .
Chief-ship .
R ein s o f a bridle,head-stall .
G lue,starch .
Expenditure,the orthographical and ety
m o logica l parts O f'
grammar,dexterity
,
increase , gain , ex cess , changing , turning ,volubility , vicis s itudes o f fortune .
To be expended .
To Spend,to pass .
Grammar .
Expense,profusion
,surplus
, add1t 10n ,the
twelfth mansion of th e moon,a star in
the tail of Leo .
Exalted,eminent
,distinguished
,promoted .
Exaltation,promotion .
A grammarian .
Heaven,the firmamen t , the sky .
Intent on,earn est , eager .
Application,attention
,earnestness , eager
ness,love
,or being in love .
A leader , commander , chief o f a sect ,head of f akirs.
An event , accident , history, account of
circumstances .
Bou ndary ,ex tremity , fron tier, limit , co nfines .
A general,commander
,overseer.
A Hin dfi female’s dress .
Quick,nimble .
The shaft O f an arrow , the reed Of which‘
i t i s made .
Apparent,evident , clear .
The s cratching sound Of a pen , the grat
ing of a door.
Sarish t .
Sa rish ta . .
-dar .
S ar-kfir.
0
Sar-kar-i.
o
0 0 0 0 .
l ikh nfi
Sa r od
Sa rod-i .
Sarokar
Sa rosh
0 0 0
karnfi . .
Sarp arda . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS . 1 73
N ature , temperament , constitution , in
tellect .
Custom,usage
,oflice .
The chief under native Officer in the
courts .
The king ’s court , government, estate ,property
,a district comprehending severa l
p a rg anas, a superintendent , a title given
by way of respect .
Superintendence,belonging to the state
,
or to the government .
R earing the head , disobedient, rebellious .
D i sobedience , mutiny , insolence .
A n agreement to hire service .
Winter .
Winter clothing, wintry .
S tock in trade,capital .
Well-known,famous
,distinguished .
To be famous .
TO make famous or n otorious , to proclaim .
Title,address
,superscription of a letter .
To address a letter .
A song,m elody .
A singer .
Business , intercourse .
An angel,a voice from heaven , the seven
t een th day of the so lar month .
A serpent .
A guard ian,patron .
Patronage .
To patronize .
N ame Of a Persian musica l mode , supposed
to have been published by Amir Khusrau
of D ihli.
A cover,a lid .
A banker,a money-changer .
The place where bankers transact their
business,a bank .
Banking,money-changing .
To carry on the business of banking .
174 GLOS SARY O F INDIA N TERMS .
Sar-sab z-i
ch h'
fitna'
“ 'Sama o o o s
0 0
O O 0
0
-b and'
i
I
F resh , verdant , flouris hing , prosperous ,fortuna te , happy .
Verdure , vegetation
Increase , abundance , ex cel lence .The moon , sky , heavens .
Cheap , ea sy to procure .
To get ofl cheap .
To sell cheap .
A cheap article,a good barg ain .
A season of plenty , a good season .
Power, strength , essence, the principle o f
goodness , virtue, truth , p urity, faith ,p ower,conjugal fidelity , true , virtuous , righ t.
Speaker o f truth .
The age of virtue , the golden age .
Good act , piety,hospital ity
,charity
,
funeral ri tes .
Virtuous action , piety .
Truth , fidelity, honesty .
To tease,to vex
,to fret
, to trouble , to
afflict , to interrupt ,
T O u nite,to stick
,to make adhere .
A line,row , rank
,series
,lin eament
,
delineating,describing .
R uling , l ines for writing ou . .
Society , company.
Playmates,play fellow .
To live with,dwell togeth er . .
To share , to help , to go .with .
A comrade , a companion .
A surgeon , a mark in fo rm of a cross ,th e four arm s o f which are ,
ben t at right
angles,prefix ed in vermilion by Hind
’
u'
s
t o their account books at the commence
ment Of a new year. The same figu re
i s formed on,th e ground with flou r at
marriages and other ceremonies .
A woman who burns on her deceased
husband’s funeral pyre , chaste , virtuous ,constant .
1 76 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
S awar ( prop . Suwfir)
SawSr-i'
o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 o 0 o .
O . 0 0 0 0 0 0
o
Sa z'
awal-i
Si z inda
Si z ish
S enfi ( a )
S ena
A rider, mounted , or rid ing (on a ship ,horse
,camel
,
A good rider,a j ockey .
Good riding , cavalry , a troop er , drunk .
R iding , equipage , suite .
Morning , dawn Of dav .
To break the day,to be dawn .
Shadow,shade
,prote ction
,an apparition
,
a petticoat .
Shady,a protec to r .
A demon appearing to,or po ssessing
any on e .
To imitate th e manner o f anoth er .
To take protec tion .
Making , preparing , maker , arms , appa
ratus,accoutrements
,harness
,furniture
,
a musical instrument,concord .
Trim,dressy .
Proper , consonant , concordant .
VVarlike instruments , furniture , baggag e .
Correction,punishment
,retribution .
T O punish .
To bring to punishment .
To be punished .
F it for,deserving punishment .
A taxgatherer,a land steward .
The business O f a land steward .
A maker,a musical performer .
Combination,col lusion
,confederacy .
A kind of sheet consti tutin g a part of
dress,especially worn and given in
presents in the D akkh in .
A necklace (of threads) worn by fakirs
a sash’
,a belt .
An army .
An Officer who collects the revenue in a
village .
Commander of the army , al so,sometimes
title given to prime ministers .
GLOS SARY OF IND IAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-i-har'fit
p a r ah
Sha‘ba'
n
S habd-shast r
S h ab-deg . .
S h abdez
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
177
N ame O f a weight equivalent to about
2l . avoirdup ois ; but varying in
di fferent part s of India .
R emainder,end . (The king of the serpen t
race,a large thousand-headed snake
,the
couch and canopy of Vishnu and the
upholder of the world,which rests on
one of his heads .)A great banker
,a rich person
,a wholesale
merchant,hence a pa tronymic .
Service , worship .
A servant,a worshipper .
A kind of fak‘
ir among Hin dus.
N ight .
The 1 4th day of th e month ' Sha‘ban,on
which Mu salmfin s make off erings and
oblation s in the names of decea sed
relatives .
A bat .
Moonlight .
One who stays all nigh t,a lodge r .
The eighth Arabian month , on the 14 th day
of which is a festival (barat ) , when an
angel i s believed to examine a record
of th e names o f the living .
A word,voice , sound .
Etymology , the science of grammatica l
inflection .
A dish composed of meat and turnips
cooked all night on the fire .
A black horse of extraordinary size,
belonging to king Ehu srau Parwaz, a
black horse , a horse o f noble breed .
A picture,a likeness .
D ew ,a kind of fine linen .
A kind of canopy for protecting one
from night dew .
Joyful,glad .
Pleasure , delight , joy , marriage , festivity ,rej oicing .
1 78
Shara,prop . Sh iffi
".
h onfi
p arnfi
'khfin a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shafl‘
Sh fifl‘d
Sha'
g ird
-i-rash id
Shag ird-i
-nama
-nish in
-Sawa l' o o o o o o o o o . o
GLO S SARY 0l INDI‘AN T ERIMS.
r . . U n
An easy death , death from j oy .
D ifficult , a fflicting ,vio lent , strong , intrepid .
R elating to marriage or rejoicings , musicand Singing at marriages or on otherfestive occa sions .
T O triumph .
Cure , remedy , healing , convalescence .
To cure,to hea l .
To recover .
A hospital.
D eprecation, intercession , recommendation ,entreaty .
Healing,salutation
,a hea ler.
An epithet
’
o f the D eity .
An,
in tercessor, advocate , patron . Poss es s !
ing a right of pre-emption founded on
A kind of Persian character or handwriting .
One Of the chiefs of the four p riri
cip al'
sects of the Muhammadan religion .
Merci ful , compassiona te ,affectionate , kin d
a friend .
A scholar,disciple
,apprentice , a servant
A complete , an apt scholar .
Learning , s tudying , apprenticeship .
Occupation,amusement
,religious~ con?
temp lation.
To.
employ one’s self, to be occupied ,
A.king , check at ches s . ( In
royal,
great , large .
0 king
The royal falcon .
Check mate .
A celebra ted epic poem , containing, a ,
history Of the kings of Persia,written
by F irdausi about the year of Christ 1 ,000.
A, principal seat in an assembly , a pre
siden t ’
s seat , a ba lcony .
A go‘od ridei, a j ockey, a horse breaker
1 80 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . o
0 . Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0
Sh am‘
Sh am‘. ra 0 0 0 0 0
-rukh
A seller of sugar,a m is tres s .
Chewing sugar .
Sugar-lipped .
S ca ttering sugar,melliflu ou s .
A place where sugar-canes grow .
Sweet potatoes . (Convo lvul us ' bat a tas) .
A kind o f sweetmeat .
D oubt,suspense
,hesita tion
,uncertainty .
Shape , form , figure,appearance
,resem
blance .
To assume a form .
T O disfigure , make ugly , to disgrace,
dishonou r.
A model,pattern .
A portrait painter .
A bility,strength .
A shawl .
Shawl-cloths .
A s hawl~weaver.
A lamp,candle
,wax .
A candle-s tick .
A candle-maker,a chandler .
Having a countenance resplendent as a
candle .
R ed-checked .
Evening .
Black or’
dark blue (a name of Krishna) .
Bad fort une , adversity .
Un fortunate .
Syr ian , belonging to Syria .
Together,with
,along with , united , blended ,
confederated , included .
Connected from circumstances, of similar
circumstances .
To be blended , to be united .
To blend .
To live together .
A canopy,awning (often . used to e x p res s
a tent) .
(From Heb . and Chald . word signifying
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Sh ams-ul-‘u lamfi
Shamsh'
ad
Shamsher-ba ha.dur .
-zan-i
Shams-i
kama r-i
Shin ( a .)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00
0 0 0 0
bha ran
Sh ankaracharj
Sh ankara'
chfiri
Sh anka r-i
Sh a r‘
Sh ara! )
1 8 1
to minister , to serve , and as the sun does so
in giving light to the universe so i t i s
ap plied to that luminary) , hence the sun .
The sun of the lea rned,a title of a chief
maulvi in Constantinople,and adopted
by the Government of India to bestow
distinc tion o n learned maulvis .
The box tree,a term applied metap hori
cally to the form of a m i stress .
A scimitar,sword .
A pplied i ronically to a useless,worthless
fellow.
A swordsman .
Swordsmansh ip .
Solar .
Solar and lunar ; a perquisite taken by
the officers of government,being the
difieren ce between the pay for a lunar
and solar month . A monthly period of
three or four days,during which the
female attendants in the women’s apart
ments have leave of absence .
Business,affair
,dignity
,pomp , state;
condition ,'degree
,constitu tion
,nature ,
disposition .
A person of state and dignity, a man
of rank .
A honeycomb
Cinna bar,vermilion .
A name o f Mahadeva.
Names of musica l m odes or ragin is.
N ame of a Hin dfi fahir, celebrated for
having persecuted the sect of jain .
The followers of Sh ankaracharj .
A name of Pam at i.
The precepts o f Mu hamm ad,law
, equity,a high road .
Lawful,religious .
Wine , spirituous liquor.
1 82 G LOSSARY o r IND IAN TERMS .
S ha l‘fib-ag ga ll-lira b o o o o o
khvyfir-i
aada
Sharabor
Sh ara f
-war
Sharif
Sharif-i
Shart
N ectar .
A tavern .
D rinking wine .
Wine-d rinking,drunkenness .
I ndisposed or aff ec ted with wine .A wine-bibbe r
,a drunkard .
D ripp ing wet .
N obility , eminence , rank , ex cellency .
N obil ity .
Partnership.
W ickedness , depravity , malignancy .
Sherbet, beverage , a dose o f med icine.
A butler .
A kind of lime or lemon,name of a colour .
Explanation , commenta ry , description,
allowance,pay
,ra te .
EXp licily .
The laws ofMu hamm ad,law
,j ustice
,equity .
N oble , eminent .
The prince of Mecca .
A custard apple . (Annon a squam osa) .
Partner, accomplice, associate , comrade.
To partake , to participate .
Vicious , wicked .
The East , rising .
Eastern , orien ta l .
Bashfulne ss , modesty , shame .
Abashed .
T o be abashed , to fee l s hame .
Blushing,abashed , ashamed , bashful ,
modest.
Bashful , as hamed , modest , coy .
Bashful,abashed .
Bashful , modest .
Modes ty .
W ickednes s , depravity , malignancy .
Vicious,quarrelsome .
Condition,stipulation , agreement, wager;
sign,mark
,signal .
184 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Sh ekh-l
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
an a .
-i-gardun
-i-kfil i
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-gfih
Sh ikar-i
Sh ikast
-khurda
Sh ikas ta
-rang-wa‘da
.humfi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O o
Boas ting , bragging .
A boaster,braggart .
To have one ’s pride humbled .
A tiger,a lion .
Tiger-l ike .
The sun , th e sign Leo .
(The effigy o f a tiger), a person only fit
to be looked at,a braggart .
A lioness .
A follower of the sect of ‘A li,a sectary .
Violence , force , vehemence,adversity
,
affliction,difficulty .
Cure , remedy , healing , convalescence .
A hospita l .
Hunting , chase , prey , game , plunder,
p erquisities .
Game-killer.
Cord s fo r tying game to a horse ’s saddle .
A sportsman .
Place for hunting in .
Of th e chace , relating to hunting , a hunter .Breaking, fracture , deficiency , los s , defea t ,broken
,odd
,uneven .
Broken off, interrupted ,defeated .
Broken , bankrupt , sick , a kind of writing ,the Persian running hand .
D istressed , broken down , wretched ;
D i stress , wretchedness , afiliction .
D istressed , afflicted .
D is tres s , affli ction .
D istressed , wretched , broken down , ruined .
Indigence,distress
,wretchedness .
D istressed in mind , afflicted , o ffended .
Altered in colour,from affliction .
Broken engagements , faithles s .
The north , the north-wind , the left-hand .
N orthern .
The mariner’s compass .
GLO S SARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 1 85
Shisha .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shitab .
Facing the north .
The name of one of Yaz id’s general s who
slew Husain in the plains of Ka rbala,hence it means
,vile , infamous .
Swimming .
Knowledge,unders tanding .
Knowing,intelligent
,acquainted with .
Knowledge .
Company,society , p artnership , paganism ,
infidelity .
Partnership , _society .
Glas s,a battle
,a glass .
A juggler .
Legerdemain .
An hour-glass .
A glass-maker .
Glass-making .
A house or palace all hung with glass .
A small glas s phia l .
Haste, quickness , quick , Speedy , quickly ,
expeditiously .
Hasty,expedi tious .
Quick,hastily
,quickness
,haste
,expediti on
The D eity in the character o fProducer and
D estroyer , of time personified , Mahfidev.
Temple of Siva .A verse
,s tanza .
A kind of wood (E schyn om en e p a ludosa) ,very ligh t and spongy
,u sed by fishermen
for floating their nets . Artificial bird s and
flowers are made of it ; garlands of these
flowers are u sed in marriage ceremonies .
The wood when charred i s used for tinder .
Cry,noise
,outcry , disturbance , tumul t, .
salt,very bitter
,disturbed
,mad .
Exciting tumults .
Unfortunate,wretched , infamous .
Very wet,drenched .
Quarrelsome,noisy
,encouraging , disturb
ance .
1 86 GLOS SAR Y O F INDIAN TERMS .
To make a noise .
N oise , tumult , bustle , disturbance , clamour.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sh ub ra
e-af'
ak
ei-a‘lam
Sh uh rat
zShuja‘
Barren land .
Marshy , barren ground , nitre , saltpet re .
A manu factu rer o f saltpetre .
Broth , soup .
F unera l obsequies (vide, Sraddh ) .
Light , splendour , lustre , the rays of the
s un,sunshine .
A shepherd .
D oubt , su sp icwn , ambiguity , uncertainty .
T o be 1D . doubt .
To doubt , to suspect .
D oubtful , su Sp ICIOu s ( things).
O ccurrence , coming to pass .SO so
,a little knowledge.
To have some little knowledge .
A flower,a bud .
To bud , to put fort h young shoots , to
produce something new and wonderful .
Expan ded , blooming , blown (as a flower) .
To be blown (a flower) , to be delighted .
Augury , omen .
A dwin er, an augur , an explainer of
omens .
A rake,prodigal , debauchee .
R aking,debauchery .
R u ined and wretched .
Fame,renown
,reputation .
R enowned,known over th e world .
R en oWn ,fame
,divulging , rep
‘ort,
"
rumou r ,celebrating .
Brave .
1 88 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Sich ch h'
a
Sich na
Sidh
Sidha
Sid ha
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-nama
Sifarish-i
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sih-bandi
dar-a
gosh a
h art-i
k arrar
manzil-a
p ah al
p ah ar ,
Sih arn'
a.
V . Syam .
I rrigation , t he cost of irrigation .
Tuition,teaching .
To water,to i rrigate .
S traight,opposite
,accurate .
A saint , a holy man , a sort of demigod ,success
,accomplished .
S traight , opposite, simple , fair , candid .
Straightness,simplicity
,candour .
To go,to depart
,to set o ff .
Truth,veracity
,sincerity .
The art of Ship-building .
R ecommendation .
To recommend,to intercede .
A letter of introduction .
An intercessor,recommended .
Praise , quality , attribute , manner , description
,like
,resembling
,a noun adjective .
Ignoble,mean
,contemptible , stingy ,
miserly,envious .
A plate to throw scrap s ,‘
bo n es , on .
Thought,suspicion
,word
,speech , enmity ,
hatred .
A mould for castin g metal , a word declin
able and derivative,the mood o f a verb ,
conjugation,derivation
,trade , profession ,
a form of words used in marriage
ceremonies,fund , department .
A sold ier employed in collecting rents ,a trident
,a contingent .
Three-doored ( room) .
Having three harvests .
Having three corners,a triangle .
Triliteral .
Three times as much .
Having three stories ( house) .
Trilateral .
Afternoon .
Triennial .
To shiver,to shake with cold .
GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS . 1 89
0 0 0 0 0 0
S ik h ( a
Sikh'
aya
Sils'
ila
-i jama‘o ta frik
-i khandan-m u
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Health,entireness
,soundness
,perfection
,
integri ty , accuracy .
A n eces sarv .
En chantment,magic
,necromancy. (Saloiir ,
an enchanter,a magician
,a necromancer) .
Bowing so as to touch the ground in
adora tion,especially to God .
The place of performing the sij da .
To adore,to worship .
A regis t er, the decree of a judge , written
attestation of a notary,seal of a judge .
( sigil lum) . Sij il , the recording angel ,right , proper , good , well-arranged .
Hard stones stones made of clay,hardened
in hell fine , on which are inscribed the
n ames of certain men,with a ca talogue
of thei r sin s .
N ame of a people living in th e Paujfib
and in the neighbourhood of Lab ose,disciples or followers of N anak .
A disciple,a scholar
,a pupil .
To teach .
Teaching,instruction .
A coining die, an impression on money ,sterling
,current , stamped coin .
A stone on which spices are ground , or
knives sharpened,a hone
,a stone in
general .
A chain,series
,succession , descent of a
family,pedigree .
A rithmetical progression .
Genealogica l tree .
Having the hair in ringlets like chains .
Linked together as a chain,in regu lar
order,in a series .
An age,period of lif e , m o o f a pen .
Years o f discretion .
Age of discretion .
Age .
190 GLOSSAR Y,o r INDIAN, TERMS .
-k obi
0 0
o C 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o . o
O 0
Sin gau ti
Advanced in years.
Breast , bosom .
Wounded in th e bosom .
S tays , bodice .
Locked up in the hea rt,a secret .
Bosom-torn , afflicted .
Affl iction .
Laceration of the breast ,“ affliction .
Beating the breast .
Wounded in the heart,afflicted .
Tormented,d istres sed .
One who beats his breast at th e fest i valof th e Muharram .
Beating the breast .
R obust,proud of strength .
S trength , robustness , force , Oppression .
The price paid for irrigation .
The season fo r watering fields .
To irrigate .
Sea,ocean
,the name of a district, name
of a musical mode,or ragini.
A horn .
A horn (musical) , a trumpet .
Ornament , dress , embellishmen t,decora tion .
One of the nine ras :
The weeping N yctanthes . ( N ycta nth es
arbor, tristis) .
On e whose business it i s to dress an idol .
To dress , to decorate , to embellish .
A polishing tool made of horn,an orna
ment of metal on the. ho rns of a bu llock.
A lion,the sign Leo, a title used by
Hindfisx R aj p ut s.
N am e of a kind of fish . (Silm us p up ;
gen tissimu s) . A cup for cupping.
T o cup .
A kind o f poison.
Makin g away , killing, murdering , Slaughter,destruction
,bloodshed
,killed .
192 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TER MS .
dfib . .
ka rna
karh n a
ke bh al
ko kadam k arna
khujan’
a'
marna
munda'
na'
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p ar khak dalna'
p h irana
pitufi
t o rna .
u thana
u that e h i pamfil b oj’
ana
0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o
0 0 0 0 0 0
u-l-must akim
iS irhi
LS irki
Perfectly wet .
To begin .
To become conspicuous .
Head-foremost .
To go quickly but with respect .
To court punishment .
To take great pains to search diligently .
To quit one ’s connections and adopt a
life of mendicitv .
To be humble,to be obedient .
To protect,to aid .
To Spoil a chi ld or servant,to raise an
inferior above one’s self.
To lament .
To labour in vain .
To lament .
To subdue .
To rebel , to rise up against any one .
To be cru shed in the commencement of
one’s undertaking .
Madness .
D amp .
Husbandry,agriculture .
Garlic .
A kin d of sweet-meat made ofmeal and sugar .
A channel through which fields are watered .
Mad .
Head , extremity , end .
A candle,a lamp
,the sun .
To create,produce , form .
A mad woman .
D isposition , temperament , nature , qualities ,way o f li fe .
A road .
The right way,i.e. the Muhammadan
religion .
A ladder,stair, step , degree .
V inegar .
A reed of which mats are made , a reed
mat to keep of rain .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN ‘TERMS .
.Sis-kiyah bh arna
dida Oppressed .
0 0 0 0 0
pash am
-sh inas
S itar-i
Sit h
193
The head .
To braid one’s hair .
An o rnam en t . for . the h ead
Lead .
One of the six seasons, Including from the1 1 th of Pans to the 1 1 th of Ph agan , dew .
Sobbing.
To sob .
D ew , cold . moisture .
Winter .
N ame of the wife of R ima and daughter
o f Jan aka R aja.
Praise,returning thanks .
Cool .
Allspice . (Myrtu s p im enta) .
A kin d of fine , cool mat .
Coolness .
Smal lp ox .
Tyranny , oppress ion,injury , violen ce ,
vexation .
A tyr ant , an oppressor .
V . Sitam .
Kill ed bv Oppress ion , violently s la in .
Elegance or ingenuity in tyran ny .
The custard apple . ( A n n ona squamosa) .
A kind of guitar with t hree strings .
One who plays on the guitar .
A sta r , a kind of fire-work , name -o f a
musica l instrument .with three strings .
An astrologer.
Having a star.on the forehead ( reckoned
a fault in a horse) .
An astrologer,an astronomer .
A small guitar,a rope twisted with
three strings .
Boiled rice , rice gruel.
1 94 GLOSS A R Y'
O F IN D IAN TER MS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
To be distract ed -o r confounded .
Sitlfi prop. Sitala
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
roz 'io o o o o o o o o o o o o o
D reg s o f be tel , o r anythin g that ha s been
Insipid , tas teless .
Abusive songs sung by women at W eddings
W histling .
To whistle .
A wh is tler .
Sma l l po x , the goddess of small pox ,Kali
,D urga, .or Bhaw
'
ani,wi fe o f Siva.
or Mah'
adeva. (Hindfis consider smal l
po x a v is ita tion from the goddes s , and
do not trea t the d isease from fea r o f
incu rring her an ger.)A Temple of . l lahfideva.
Black , unfo rtunate , bad .
Unfortunate .
Mis fortune .
Black-eyed,unkind ;
Black-h earted, malevolent .
Black .
W ick ed , tyrannical .
To take an account o f .
M i ser , niggard , .a s ordid wretch .
D ead-drunk .
Clad in black .
Adverse fortune .
Black-fa ced ,unlucky
,disgraced .
Black-mouthed (horse) , abusive,whose
curse s prevai l .
An account-book or written account,a
list,invento ry .
Blackn ess , ink.
Consideration , reflection , thought ,'medi
96 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TER MS.
Sou th
ki Si nas le rah na
South ki nfis n a len'
a
So t
‘Sot‘
a
Soz
0 0 0 0 0 0
Sraddh aSr
'
adki
Sa rap or srap
denfi
Seresh,prop . Siresh .
Sri
The creation ; the w orld .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o f th e great armed with a club,gen e rally
covered wi th si lver .
D ry ginger , a miser :
To endure,to wait patiently
,to suff er .
To be very covetous .
A spring , a fountain , a rivulet , an arm'
Of the sea .
Burning , vexation , heart-burning, ardour ,a stanz a of a '
m arsiya or elegiac poem .
Burning and melting , an impassioned
style in poetry .
One who chants a dirge .Chanting a dirge .
A needle , pricker o f a gun .
Burn ing , solicitude, pain , vexation .
A kind of smal l embroidered carpet,
quilted linen,tamboured work .
Funeral obsequies,consisting in off ering
rice and frui ts, & c to the manes of
ancestors : feeding of priests and other
prescribed ceremonies in honour of
ancestors .
Faith,belief
,fondness
,des ire .
The name of a tribe of Hindu s.
Cursing , a curse .
To curse ;
G lue .
Prosperity , name of La ch hmi,wife Of
Vish nu,written before Hin dfi proper
names of p ersons , master, s ir.
‘
Causing to stand , placing , fixing,
placing of a 'god .
( In compos sign ifies 'good,well .
Beautiful,well-shaped .
N eat, e legant .
A side, part , towards .
S ide by sid e .
GLO SSARY OF IN D IAN TERRS .
Subh ( a .)
-g'
ah-i
-i-sadik
khez-kh ez-'a-kh ez-iy
'
a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Subh etfi
Subk-i
Ligh tness,levity .
Subha’i
Sfibar
Sfibr'
aImpure , alloyed silver.
197
Subuk, prop . Sabuk Light ( either in weight or character),deba sed , unsteady .
Lightly , burdened , unencumbered .
A parrot , a needle with which gunny
bags are sewed , a packing needle , an
awn of corn .
A province , also , in Hindfistan ,a go
vernor.
The chief (or lieutenant) of a province ,a mil itary officer among Indian troops
whose rank corresponds with that of a
cap tain .
The office of lieutenant of a province,the government of a province.
Morning , dawn
The morning time .
The ea rly dawn .
Of th e morn .
Just before daybreak .
D awn of day .
R ising early in the morning .
A thief who rises early in the morning
and steals before people are awake .
Good , pleasant, agreeable , happy , fortunate .
A rosary .
Turning or revolving the rosary .
The turning,or counting the beads in ,
the rosary .
Praising,glorifying God
,a title of the
deity .
Of God ,d ivine .
Good disposition,disposition
,nature ,
manner , well-disposed , of good quality .
Opportun ity,convenience
,time
,l eisure .
198 GLOS S A RY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Subuk-dosh .
be
rakh n’
a
O O O O 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lightly laden .
Swift-footed .
Quick, swift , light-paced .
Swiftness, celerity .
A ttentive , mindful ; careful , aware , cautious .
Memory, remembrance , sensation , con
sciou sness notice , care .
Beside one S self,accurate
,correct
,pure
,
clean , unpolluted .
S ense , perception , sensation , care .
To regard , lo ok af ter,
'
remember.
Proper, t rue , straight , simple , artless .
To be correct, to be mended .
To adorn , to adjust.
Money borrowed at in terest :
Profitable, useful; beneficen t , benefi ted ,profited .
Usefulness .
A person o f the fourth or servi le tribe
of Hin dfis. (Composed principally of
the aborigines o f ‘ th e country , at the
time of the Aryan immigration . T h e
cast e divisions , and res trict ions as to
intermarriage were imposed , partly for
social reasons ,‘ and 'partly to prevent
further intermarriages between the
Aryans and the a bo rigines o f India .
For th e latter purpo se, however, the
prohibi tion came to o late , and it i s very
doubtful whether there are, at the
present day , any Hindus, however high
their caste , of pure A ryan descent .
A girl’
s selectinga husband for hers elf ,
the public selection of a husband by a
princess o r lady of rank from among a
number of assembled suitors .
To hold an assembly or tourn ament for
the selection o f a husband .
W ool , also silk , thread and cotton .
200 GLOS SA‘RY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Si ’i kc n é ke'
Se khuda’
t-‘
i
ko nikfiln fi To draw (anything large) through the
eye of a' .a . phrase expressin gthe performance of th ings apparently
impossible .
Hidayat (a poet , whose n ame'
signifies in Arabic‘right
eou sn ess’— says T h
'
a him “ This , 0 Almighty was thywork , to dIaW‘
yih tera hi Khudawan d'
the universe through the eye o f a needle
ta‘ala ; la Sn’i kc nake .
se l_Il_Iuda-i .ko nikfilfi.
Sl'
lj
Sfija'
.
Sujh
Sukas
ch ain
-darsan
Sfikh'
a
0 0 0 0 0
V . sal_Il_Iun .
To dry,to evaporate .
Swelling .
A borer,a gimlet .
Sigh t.
A tailor.
Meal , flour (ground . coarse) .
To swell,to ris e .
The planet Venus,F riday .
A qu arter of a rupee piece, four an fis .
Leisure .
Ease , tranquill ity , . easy . circumstances ,content , happiness , pleasure , delight .
Abode of. happiness .
Ease,rest , leisure , tranquill ity.
Ease-aff ording , comforter , giver o f case .
A shrub , the j ui ce of which i s given for
the ear-ache .
Abode of happiness .
To live at ease.
To get ease ,A -piece . o f l eather placed on the sole
within the shoe.
D ry , dry tobacco . eaten . with be tel leaf
a consumption , .atrophy
R ice burn t up with the sun’s rays.
A dry answer, a fla t .refusal .
To occur (a drought)
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Suk fit
Sukwfir
Su-lach ch an
Sula eh hn fi.
Sulflyai
201
At ea se,happy , tranquil , contented , com~
fo rtable .
Tranquil .
To dry,dry up , evaporate , fa ll away , to
pine away,wither .
A kind of p filki.
Quietude, p eace , _res t .
R es idence , dwelling , habitation ,tranquillity .
A resident,an inhabitant .
Si lence,quietness
, peace , silent.
S ee : Sfik .
An intoxicating drink,wine
,intoxica tion
D elica te , feeble .
Colic,the point of a Spear
,pike or trident
,
a thorn , compas sion , tenderness .
Good Sign or mark , beauty .
F avo u iable , well-behaved .
To light , to be kindled , to be inflamed ,to burn without smoke or flame .
A game played with 1 6 kaur'
is. .
Solomon,the son of D avid .
Belonging to Solomon,an onyx .
To be unravelled or disentangled .
To cause or. put to sleep , to kill, to
murder.
To kill , to murder .
L ittle ball s of tobacco , ganja or ch araS
smoked in a hukka, without the inte r
ven tio n of a tile .
Pertaining to a hakka.
To light,to inflame
,to kindle .
Peace , reconciliation , treaty , truce , concord .
Perfect reconciliation , definitive treaty .
An agreement o f peace .
An empaling stake,a name of Mahfidcva.
T O empale .
2 02 GLOS SARY OF IN D IAN TERMS .
Sul tan, pl . Salat in .
Snl tim
karna
S alw'
an a .
S umeru .
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
To unravel , to d isentangle.
A prince, a sovereign , power .
An empress .
R egal , princely, belonging to a sovereign ,
a kind o f. broad cloth (prop . su l ta'
n-i
bfinfit ) .
R oad , way , manner, mode , intercourse ,usage , treatment , civili ty, kindness ,attention .
To treat , to proceed with , to treat with
kindness .
To cause to put to Sleep. (cans : of soni ,‘
to sleep) .
A hoof.
A sponge-staff,a ramrod .
Spikenard ( to which the locks of a mis
tres s are compared), the hyacint h .
Hyacinth-bed .
A mountain in Hindi mythology the
residence of the gods . T he north pole.
Insensible . wi thout sensation , palsied .
A goldsmith .
The trade of a goldsmi th, a good, hand
some woman .
The probosci‘
s o f an elephant .
A weevil or smal l insect in co rn .
Smell .
S taunch (as a dog) , a person employed
in Mahfirti tta armies , who was said' to
be able to detect hidden treasure or
grain by the smell of the earth .
To hear , a dot, a cipher.
Circumcision,the traditions o f Muharmrmd.
To circumcise .
Lawful an ort hodox Muhammadan , who
reveres equally the four. successors of
Muh ammad , and, hence, called also
char-y’
a'
r-i ( the Turks are Sun nis ; the
Persians are Shi‘ah s, gm.)
A porpoise .
204 GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS.
-bad-a
Sun-flOwer, (Helian t h u s aun u us) , a kind
of parasol .
A hole , orifice , passage.
A mine,subterraneous passage, (partien
larly dug by thieves), light-bay, red .
To mine,to plot . .
T O explode , blow up .
Form,face
,countenan ce , appearance , p o r
trait,manner
,condition , s tate .
An acquaintance .
A painter,limner
,sculptor .
and foul with in) .
A statem ent .
In form,in shap e , . in appearance .
Exterior, apparent .
S t . Anthony’s fire:
A kind of cane .
R edness of the lips . .
D ressed in red .
Honourable—not -pale . . wi th the con
scio u sn es s of gui lt) .
Honour,character,
~
fame.
R edness,blood
,brick-dust .
A collyrium (generally considered to be
antimony , but -what is u sed in India
i s an ore of lead), with which the eyelids
are stained ,especially those o f women
and children , partly from a notion that
i t adds'
to beauty,and partly , because
it is considered to strengthen the sight.
S tained with sum a.
A box A . holding surma .
To be reduced to a fine powder .
To reduce to powder .
To apply surma to the eyelids .
Titillation,an insect
“
bred in grain .
GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 205
S urfii
Surur
ka rna
Sind .
Consideration,reflection , mem
'ory , atten
tion,caution , accuracy .
M indful , consid erate , prudent, intelligent ,accu rate .
Good form . or appearance , beautiful ,handsome .
Pl ea sure , j oy , cheerfuln ess .
To get to the head , to be flushed with
wine .
Liquorice.
A porpoise .
Gasping , panting .
A kind of cloth
Well-disposed,good-natured , of good man
ners,polite .
R elaxed,lazy
,negligent , slow , dilatory ,
languid , feeble , indolent .
Un steadv to one’s engagement .
To rest .
.R elaxation,languor
,laziness , n egligence ,
dilatoriness,remissness .
To relax,to work la zily .
A so n .
The issue o f . A rctu ru s , . a pearl ( from a
popular belief that drops of rain,falling
into shells in . October, when the sun’s
longitude correspo nds with that of Arc
turus , are converted into pearls) .
Thread , yarn , -a sil ver thread,a stamen
(in botany), a tendril .
A kind of needle-work .
A daughter .
Uncleanness or . impurity contracted by
the members of a family on,
the birth
of a child or the d eath Of a. person .
Hell , or a place three stages under the
Surface Of the e arth . HUNTER .
A carpenter,time
,Opportunity
An awl .
206 G LOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 O 0 0 . 0 0
o o 0 0 0 0 . O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .
Sw'
ami
bann a
swar O O O O O O O C O O O O Q O Q O O O
Cunn ing , art.
D rawers .
Good ,well, excellen t ,n eat , beautiful , elegan t .
Goodness , neatness , beauty .
Made o f cotton .thread .
S tring , twine .
D ifficu lty , trouble .
Ascent.
Interrogation , questioning, question , pro
po sitio n, request , begging .
To ask a question .
A ques tioner , o ne who sings the marsiya,
Master, owner, lord , proprieto r, a husband ,
an appellation of dandi fakirs.
A dog, a hound .
M imicry,acting , imitation , disguise , sham .
To imitate .
Tone,voice, accent , note, a wowel.
The sky,the firs t h eaven o f the Hindus ,
heaven . V . 1011.
Heavenly , celes tial .
Wordly affairs , desire, object , end , aim , self
ishn ess , ou e’S own purpo se , self-interest .
S elfish .
The star Arcturus,the fifteenth mansion
o f th e moon . V . Su t .
Black or dark blue , an epithet o f Krishna ,name o f a musical mode or ragin i,
name of a bird , a black cuckoo .
N ame of a bi rd .
N ame of a bird .
Cunning,art ful , clever, prudent, mature .
'
2 08 GLOS SARY o r INDIA'N .TERMS .
-azma-1
T abaka
’
T abakh tur
0 0 0 0 0
'
T abashir . .
ul‘abdil
h ona . .
k arna‘T abdili
Sweet, agreeable , good , pure , excellent .
N ature, genius,temperament
,quality
,
disposition .
Trial of genius .
Invention , production of genius .
The practice o f medicine.
Bad , wicked , depraved , abject , spoiled ,ruined
,wretched .
Profoundness in learning .
W ickedness,depravity , ruin , perdition .
A cover,plate
,d i sh
,leaf
,disk
,gold-leaf
,
tinfoil , one thing following another or
consecutive,the story
,of a house , class ,
order,degree .
A story , floor, s tage , degree, ‘class , order ,rank
,shelf.
Strutting , walking with a haughty gait
or a rolling motion .
R esplendent , splendid , glittering , burning .
Splendour , light .
A small'
lake .
A hatchet, an axe
An axe-bearer, a wood-cutter .
A horseman’s battle-axe .
People , nation , race, tribe , family .
Be blessed , bles s .
God be blessed .
Curse of a Shi‘ah over a Sun ni.
Benediction , congratu lation , a portion of
presents (or what is left o f fo od presented
to great men) , given to their dependents ,sacred relics .
The sugar of the bamboo .
A lattice,a sky-light
Change,alteration , difference, transpor
tatio n , migration .
To be changed .
To change,to al ter .
Transfer .
-dfir . .
-dard i ka rna . .
G LOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
0 o o o o o o o o o
g 5 .
0
0 .
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o
0 -0 0 0 0 .
o n .
0 0 0 0 .
o o
209
D ependent,follower , subject .
D ependent , follower .
A llegiance,obedi ence, fideli ty .
To obey, to serve , to submit .
To be subject, to be dependent .
To c ontrol , to subject .
N atural .
Genius , nature , disposition, temperament ,con stitution
,essence
,property .
To be attached to .
To reco ver from illness .
To be amused .
To be satiated .
To feel sick,to be excited .
To be i ll .
Clever,sharps
To take interest or plea sure in to be
attached to .
To tackle a difficu lty.
To tackle a problem .
To be disinclined towards , to feel nu
comfortable .
A physician .
To be entangled in .
Following, dependence .
A physician .
The business of a physician :
N atural,of n atu re , ° in n ate , intrinsic .
Fol lowers , companions .
S hining .
Splendour,brightness .
Explanation , interpreta tion .
A drum .
To beat the drum (with the fingers) .
A small tambourin .
~
A file o r bundle o f papers .
A little drum .
Martial drums :
Cooling,refreshing
,a cooling and refresh
1 4
21 0 ero ssa a r o r INDIAN TERMS .
T adarnk
(pl .
-i-gh i§ a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ing drink, usually given af ter a ( A . )4
jul liib (a purge) .
A coffin,a
‘bier, _the ark of the co nvenant,
presented by God to_ A dam ,and which
(according to Mu hammadans ) c ontained
th e portraits of all the proph ets . ( In .
the muharram, g,v . , when the obsequies
of a ain are annually comm emorated
by the shi‘ah ( gm) sect, the t'
zibfit of'
the martyr i s carried in procession) .
R epa ration, remedy, precaution , provision ,preparation (particularly , to ,
obtain j us
ti ce) , the instruments and means used
to procure justice— as writings , lawyers ,witnes ses , &c . , chastisement , retaliation .
To provide against, to p rep are, to oppos e,to cha s tise .
Tradition .
D eliberation , counsel , contrivance , Opinion ,advice
,government, regulation , arrange
ment,order, management .
R egimen o f diet .
Politics .
Burial,interment .
Gradation , scale.
S earching for a thing.
lost,kindness
A dmiring ,p eniten ce ,enjoymen t ofany thing
R efiection ,m ed_itating , considering, anxiety
D ivision,separation .
D is tance , diff erence, distinction , disparity ,distant , separate, away , absent .
To prevar icate .
R ejoicing , exhilarating , amusement .
Ease of mind , cheerf uln ess , ,
hilarity.
j ealousy , misunderstanding , department .
To analyse .
Separation,dispers ion .
To sow . dissension .
To separate .
GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
kar rak ho
khfin a
Inarn a
-nish in h ona
-o-b§ la'
k arna
p ah u n ch na
T aha’
if ( pl . o f tuh fa
T uh fajfit
T ahaiya r
(I'l u rfi f-i
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
To pile one u p o n another .
G round-rent o f a stall in the m arket .
Having foundation or rational .
N ew .
The scrapings o f a pot,the burnt part
o f victuals that sticks . to .the . bo tt om
of a po t
To tinge slightly .
Fold and lay i t by , i.e . keep i t to your
self ( i s u sed . to express the s peaker’s
indep en dan ce , or . hi s . not .wanting the
thing Spoken of ) .
A ca vern , a cellar , a room under ground ,
a lower story , a'
vault l
A disease of. a . horse , from . ex cessive
th irst , affecting the flanks .
To subside,to settle . .
Topsy-turvy,upside down .
To subvert,to overthrow .
To get to the bottom ; to find out .
R arities , varieties , curios ities , choi ce ar
ticles , presents .
Amaz ement , wonder , . astonishm ent .
Spelling,
The letters of the alphabet .
A form of prayer said during the night ,wakefulne s s
,s leeping sound .
Housewifery,h ous ekeeping ,
task,business
,work , j ob , use , drudgery .
To serve , to d rudge .
T O dance attendance .
To walk backwards . . and .. forwards , to
take the air,
. to . rove , .to . ramble .
A maid-servant
Bu siness,duty
,work .
A servant , attendant , menial .
Patience , endurance , long-suff ering , resignation , forbearance , truc e , peace , meek
n ess,humility .
To fold , to ply , to wrap .
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
T ahfirat .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T ahrir .
-i-u l§ lidas
-i-zoh r‘
i
ka rna
karna'
T ahsil-na
m en lanai. )
u-sh
T ahw'
fl
91 3
Puri ty,cleanliness
,sanctity, ablution
,
ceremonial purification .
To become p u re , . clean , to purify one’s self.
Pure,clean .
Ascertaining,investigation
,trial
,verifi
cation,exactness
,. prec ision
,truth
,cer
ta inty,authentic , ascertained , actual , real ,
indubitable,apparent
,truly
,indeed .
D espising , scorn , neglect , d isdain .
Movement,agitation
,incitement
,exert ing
desire,temptation
,encouragement .
To touch,to move , to affect , to encourage .
T O temp t .
Writing correctly,description
,manumis
sion,written
,dated .
Euclid ’s elements .
A writing on the ba ck .
To write,describe
,record .
Gain,acquisition
,profit
,attainment
,
learning,collection (particu larly of
revenues) .
A co llector,ta x-gatherer .
Collectorship,tax-gathering .
T O acquire,to gain
,to col lect .
To co l lect, to gather a tax ,to oppress
,
to affl ict.
Approbation , applause , acclamation .
Good breeding , civilization , refinement.
The inferior part,below
,under
,subj ee
tion , possession .
Subj ection,dominion .
Verbally , literal transla tion , interlinear
translation .
To conquer,to . subjugat e .
Under the earth .
Change of the moon , conjunction with
the sun .
Change , transfer , renovation , return , pass
ing of the sun,moon
,or a planet from
one sign to another .
214 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
T ahwfl -d'
ar
T fi’idfit
T a‘iafit-‘
i
T aiyfir'i 0 0 0 0 0 0
Trusts,charges
,cash .
A cash-keeper,a treasurer .
The office of cash-keepe r .
Civi lization , politeness .
Good breeding , civilization , refinement .
Civi liz ed , educated , refined .
R olling up , folding , travelling , pas sing
or crossing over .
To fold , to roll up , to constrain , to
abridge , to travel , to pass over .
Pa ternal uncle’s wife,an earthen fryingp o t .
R ep ea ting , peniten t.
A id, assistance , corrobo ration .
Support o f a claim .
Support of a statement .
To help , assist , aid , support , take' pa rt
within,strengthen .
Aids,helps .
Going round , making . the circuit o f
anything,night-watches or patrols
,name
of a city in Arabia .
People , tribe , a troop , a band (partien
larly of musicians and dancing women) ,suit , equipage.
Appointing,deputation
,appointm ent .
Appo intments,appointment , business .
To appoint,nominate , put in possession .
The obj ect o r busines s of an appointment ,appointment
,tour of service , a guard ,
nominated for one’s special duty .
A swimmer .
To swim,to cross over .
At the same moment .
Levity,folly
,anger, passion .
F lying quickly . .
R eady,prepared , finish ed , complete , alert .
To be ready .
To get ready .
R eadiness , preparation .
A crown,diadem
,a cap crest , the comb ,
21 6 GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
T ajn is-i-khatti’
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
'i's-fin i
-ba'
ndh u'
a
To gaze,to stare .
rah na
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T akadda sa
T akaddnr
T akal lu f
bar-taraf .
-miz § j
Writing words alike which are pron ou n ced;
differently .
Hollowing , making con cave .
Approbation , p ermis s1on ,inqu iring Into ,
examining , considering , investigation , con
trivan ce, sentence , j udgment , trial , plan
To be examined , contrived , ascertained .
To examine,investigate
,inquire into
,
contrive , plan , prescribe , appoint , con
sider . 1
R e-trial , new trial,revision
,review o f
order or j udgment .
A scale,balance
,aim .
A look , a glance , an aim ,the act
aiming,pointing ( of a dog ) .
T O covet , to p om t as a dog .
To aspire .
Vine , grasses .
Temper , nature , disposition .
To sta re .
To expect, to long for .
A COp p el' coin equal to two paisa .
Arrogance , haughtines s , pride .
Encountering , drawn up in mutual Opposition .
Pure , ho ly , \
p urified .
(An epithe t of the D eity) . Holy , mo sthigh .
Muddiness , turbidness , dregs , dullness ,m oroseness , disqui etude Of mind .
Taking security , becoming security fo r
another .
Tax,duty , collection , imposition .
Inconvenience, ceremony , taking much
pains one’s self in any matter, ex trav
agan ce , profusion , preparation .
Waiving ceremony .
Ceremonious .
G LOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 21 7
T akauu f a t (p l .)
T ak'
awat
-i-sh adid
-i-s inn
T akdim
T artan
Expending much .
The ceremonies o f society , etiquette .
Ceremonious attention,empty comp limen ts .
Conversation .
Motion,agitation
,gesture .
To be fa tigued ,tired .
R ep e ti tion , repeating,reiterating , per
evering .
Sickness,being lazy or inactive .
Being broken or Shatte red ,Spent or de!
bliated ,carrying figures ( in arithmetic) ,
folding the wings (a bird ) .
D istil ling drop by drop , raining .
Piety , abstinence , co ntinence .
Strengthening,assisting (pa rticularly ten
ants engaged in agriculture,with ad
vances of money to buy seed) , vying ,contending with
,m on ev in advance .
D unning,exacting
,urgency
,imp ort unity .
Inexorable dunning .
The customs or habits of different ages ,as o f childhood
,youth
,manhood .
Imp ortunate , urging , solicitous .
R ep ea ting the Mu salmfin creed ,or onl y
saying,
“God i s great ,
”upon particular
occasions .
Giving precedence , priority , precedence ,performance .
To pe rform , to put , before, to give pre
ceden ce to .
Fate , destiny , predestination , lot .
San ctifica tion,sanctity , puri ty , sanctifying ,
magnifying .
Putting on the winding-sheet , laying in
the coffin,shrouding, sepulture .
Covering,expiating a crime
,doing penance
or paying a mulet as atonement,hum
bling one’s self before another (puttingth e hand up on the breas t and inclining
2 1 8 GLOS SARY O F IND IAN TERMS .
T akhallfi s
-i-tasdi‘.
T a lihir
karna
T akhm'
in a
T akh r'
ib
T akh t
nish in-i
p ar baithfiln’
zL To enthrone .
yfi ta l_rl_1ta . Either a throne or a bie r ( spoken on
engaging in a desperate enterprise) .
A s sault , attack , incursion , invasion .
To assault .
the head) , sh owing distant respect , accus
ing one of impiety,ca lling him infidel
,
m aking one an unbeliever, g ui ltiness .
N om de p lume, especia lly of poets ; as
Sau di was takhh all fis of Mirz'
a Ma
h amm ad Ba f i‘.
Making light,alle viation
,li fting up
,de
sp ising , abbreviating , abatement , relief,remiss ion , abridgment , decrease , dimi
n u t ion, deca y , softening-the pronunciation
of let te rs or changing one for another,
for the sake of euph ony
Banish ing ca re,relieving pain or trouble .
D elay , procrastinatio n , impediment .
To delay .
Evacuation , privacy,a private room
,
manumission of a slave,divorce of a
Guess,appraisement
,conjecture
,valuation .
By gues s , by appraisement , nearly , abo ut.
D evastation,destruction
,razing .
Particularity, p eoularity , appropriating,
reserving for one ’s self.
A throne .
Throne and fortune , also‘wed lock and
wealth ’
,as a form of benediction used
by woman .
To abd icate a throne .
A king .
A travelling throne, a th rone on which
the king is carried .
S ea ting on,or .be stowing thrones .
One sitting on a throne,a king
,a sovereign .
Accession to th e throne,reign .
220 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
T ak lit den'
a
karna
men ana
u thfin a
T akmil
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T akran a
T akrar
ka rna .
charh n ii
kal kh otfi
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
T aksim karna :'l‘ak sir (pl . tak sirat ) .
-war
T ak-tak
T akt’
aki
ven ien ce , ailment , affliction , annoyances
TO annoy .
To take the trouble .
To be in straiten ed circumstances .
To suff er .
Completing , finishing,perfection
,excel
lence .
Foreclosure o f mortgage .
Execution of a,boud .
To execute,give authority
,complet e .
To be completed,
finished .
Perfection , completion .
To be looked at,to be s tared at, to look
at,to Observe
,to aim at
,to watch .
To be stitched .
A fillip ,a tap
,a very small unripe mango ,
the sound of a drum .
To knock together the heads of two people,to dash the head on something , to dash
together,to grope in a dark place or
pas sage .
R epetition , tautology , altercation , contea
t ion,dispute.
To dispute,debate
,wrangle
,cavil , repeat .
Importuning,seiz ing , troublesome , fond
of argument.
A mint .
Uneducated,unpoli shed
,rude , unclas sica l
To be educated .
Spoilt in education .
Pure language , good idiom .
Officers of the mint .
D ividing , distributing, division in arith~
m e ticf
To distribute .
Fault,error
,crime
,
Blamable,criminal
,guilty .
The sound of feet .
Staring,
fixed look .
GLOS SARY O F IN D IAN TE R M S .
. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .
O O O O O O O O
-d§ r
-n isll inidenfi
karnfi
-ka lfim ’sukh an-t akya
ka rm’
i . .
221
To look attentively ,to gaze at .
The cmsa ra or pause in reading poetry .
D i stilling , dropping , strangury ,A Spindle .
Piety , abstinence , th e fear of God .
Watching,overseeing
,super-intending ,
looking sharply after servants , workmen ,
( esp ecia lly gold and silver smith s when
employ ed to manufacture ornaments from
the metals ) .
A pillow,a fa lfi r
’s s tand , the reserve of
an army ,rel iance .
A fakir,a d er vis .
To receive respec t fully .
To supp ort , t o encou rage .
A cant word,introduced into conver
sation , without meaning , an expletive .
To depend upon'
.
To lean .
A pond,chime
,time in music
,bea ting
time , s triking the hands on the arms
previous to fighting , the name of a
musical instrument , name of fruit and
tree of the palm
T O chime , to strike the hands Upon the
body before fighting .
To strike the . hands against the arms
preparatory to wrestling .
Evasion , putting aside , putting off or outof the way , rejecting a
'
requ es t , a heap
of wood , or gra in , a stack , a rick , bald
ness from'
age , a turn or trick in wrestling .
To p u t Off, to heap , to prevarica te .
To heap , to turn the scale fraudulently
in weighing .
F raud , deceit .
A lock .
The bottom of anything, the sale of a
shoe , protection .
222 GLO S SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T alab-an a dfikhil karn a
T alaf
h on a o o o o o Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u-l-mfil khala fn-l
-‘umr
T ala'
miz (pl . of
V . T i l.
A pond , tank , reservoir of water.
Pay , wag es , salary , desire, wish , inquiry,search , demand , request
,applica tion
,
sending for , seeking , seeker , requiring .
D ai ly pay to cons tables .
To distribute pay.
To satisfy one’ s desire or appetite for
drinking or smoking .
D esirous , asking , inquiring , one who
receives pay .
To pay one his wages .
D esirous , a seeker .
D esiring,wishing
,inquiring
,seek in g .
To be ca ll ed or summoned .
T o dein and , s eek , ask for, call , summon .
A summons,citation .
To pay witnesses .
R uin , d estruction , loss , prodigality , con»
sumption,expense .
To be unfortunate,to meet with a loss .
To waste,to consume .
The loss of riches is the prolon gation
of lif e .
U tteran ce , expression , pronunciation .
A smal l po nd .
Till,to
,up to
,while.
Compensation,recompense
,amends .
Meeting , in terview , reunion .
D ivorce , r epudiation .
S tudents,scholars
,pupi ls , disciples .
To put Off , procrastinate, pa rry , tempo riz e .
A piece,a fragment .
S ea rch ..
Seek er , searcher.
Annihila tion , dispersion .
2 24 GLOS SA R Y O F INDIAN TERMS .
‘T a‘lim ka rna
'
T alk h
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T almalanfi
T alma lat e p h irn a
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
'
T alp at
T alwa
To flatter ..T alwe ta l e hfit h d harn a
To teach .
To get o u t ' o f'
the way,to disappea r
,to
vanish,to pass away .
Bitter , acrimon ious , rancid,mali ciou s
,
sorrowful .
D arnel , tare s .
Plain-Sp oken , harsh .
To embitter or make bitt er,to aggravate .
I ll-tempered .
hl o ro se .
Grain parched and pounded,then m ix ed
with water into a paste,the gal l-bladder .
Bitterness,rancour.
Instructing , in fo rming, re'
criou s instruo
tion , prayer over the dead at th e time
of interment .
To instruct , to in form , to teach .
A hillock , hill , heap .
The dew .
Un p rofitable employment , was ting of time .
The name of a medicinal h erb . (Barleria
longifolia ) .
To totter,to tanta lize .
To be tantalized , perplexed , anxious .
To walk about in restles s expectation ,to be uneasy .
To give way,to shrink from , to disappear,
to pass aw ay .
To fry .
To evade,prevarica te
,put o ff , postpone ,
defer,to drive out of the way , to put
aside,to move , to prevent .
R uined , destroyed .
The palate , the ridge or s li t roo f of the
mouth,a disorder in horses , the lamprey s .
The sole of the foot .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
T alwe sah lfin e
T alwon se fig lagni
ch alfina
-kii gh fio
kh ain ch na
miy’
an men ka rna
T alwariyfi
T amas-i,Adj .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T amaku lT ambakfi jT ama
'
m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T aman chfi
T ap an ch a
T ama'
n aha
T am'
an iya t R est , repo se , tranquill ity .
(prop . tnmanm at ) .
225
T aw anna R equest , wish , prayer, supplication , in
clina tio n ,petition, hope.
D esirous .
( lit . To s troke the ,soles of the fee t)
signifies exce s sive flattery,adula tion .
( lit . burning in the soles of th e feet)imp lies excessive anger .
A swo rd .
To fight with swords .
A sword-cut .
To d raw a sword .
A flash o f a sword .
To sheathe the sword .
A swordsman .
D arkness , i rascibili ty, promptitude to vin
dictive pas sions . D ark,i rascible
,vin
dictive .
Copper .
Avari ce, co vetousness , greediness , avidity .
T O covet.
To bait, bribe , exciting desire .
A pisto l.
A slap,a blow .
Vanity , arrogance , pride , growing red in
th e face .
Toba cco .
Entire , perfect, complete .
Completion,perfection
,t otality , brocade,
cloth Of go ld t issu e .
To be finished , to die .
To perfect,to complete , to finish .
F in is hed , i s finished .
Wholely,completely
,entirely .
V . T amficha .
226 GLOSSARY O R IN D IA N TERMS .
T amfishfi
-bin-i
dekh nfi
-gah
ka rn§ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- ki
T amash-bin
T ambihan
T ambo lin
T amh id
An entertainment, sh ow,sp ectacle , Sight ,
amusement,fun .
Luxury,l ibertinism .
T O see an y sight or spectacle .
A place of show.
To see,to take a walk
,to exhibit a sigh t ,
‘
to make fun,to jeer
,to j est .
Anything strange or funny.
A spectator,a rake
,an epicure
,a whore~
master .
Luxury,l ibertinism
,raking , W horing .
,
Buffoonery,j oking .
A no te of hand , bond , Obligation , receipt .
Imita ting,resembling
,applying allegories .
A kind of drawers— very wide.
Admonition,correction
,punishment ,
beating .
By way O f admon ition , by way of punish
ment .
A pot .
T he'
betel leaf.
N ame o f a caste whose business i s to
sell betel leaf.
A woman who sells betel leaf,wife of a
tamboli
i
,name O f a tree .
A tent,a pavilion .
To pitch tents .
A Turkish guitar with six wires or S trl ngs
a drum (in Hin dfis tan ) .
A drummer.
D isposition , arrangement , settlement , man
agemen t , confirmation , preliminary , pre-f
amble,preface , preparative , introduction .
T o dispo so . lo premise .
Introductory
Covetous,greedy .
Performance,Operation .
To execute,or carry out an order.
To p u t into execution,to serve .
Bu ilding ,
'
strticture , constructing , repairing.
228 G LOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
T an-o-man marna .
Q 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
o 0 0 0 0
0 0 o
o
O .
o .
o
. 0 0 0
0 .
T an dih i
ka rn'
a .
To restrain one’s des ires , and be silent ,to suppress any feeling
,to concentrate
one’s powers or attention .
S el f-indulgent , luxurious , selfis h .
S elf-indulgence,luxuriousness .
To heat , to prove , to assay .
The warp , the threads that are extended
lengthways upon a loom .
Unfo rtunate.
Taunting,reproach
,ignominy
,disgrace
,
aspersion .
To taunt .
To cast reproach,to gibe
,to twit .
A reproacher,taun ter, asperser .
Taunting,reproaching .
A ten t rope .
Penitence,bash fulness
,modesty .
Expell ing , pursuing , persecuting , denial ,that another pe rson has performed some
thing,as that he has paid a debt .
Aversion,disgust .
R espiration , brea thing .
To extend,to stretch .
R esembling , relation , propo rtion .
Transmigration,metemp sych osi s .
Unin erru p ted descent through a series
of generation s .
Wrangling .
D escent , dec l ine ( falling o f price , lo sing
rank) , leaping from a horse in order
to fight .
Perverse , audacious , troublesome .
A ven ture (of goods) , name of a place ,the goods o f a banj
’
fira'
, (a grain merchant).
V . under T an .
To apply one’s sel f, to take pains .
S trait,tight
,narrow
,confined , wanting ,
GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 229
-ba-t ang
-dil-i
t ale se n lkal j'
ana
sawar
T angar
'n uma o n o 0
T an g
T ang ri
s carce,barren
,distressed
,dejected
,s ad
,
a h orse-be l t,a gi rth
,a bag
,a sa ck
,half
a horse ’s,bullock’s
,or camel’s load .
To be dis tress ed,exhausted ,
dejected .
To be in distress or d ifficulty , to be ex
hansted or ti red .
M iserly,niggardly .
Poor , distressed , miserly .
Parsimony , poverty , want, inability .
N arrow-hearted,miserly .
N arrow-heartedness,stinginess .
Poor , distressed , s traitened . in circum
stances .
Poverty,distress
,narrow
,circumstances.
T O stra iten,tigh ten , contract.
Tightly dressed , wearing tight clothes .
Tightness of dress .
Emergency,cri ti cal moment .
The leg .
To hang u p ,to hang .
To seize o r bite the leg (as a dog), to
reproach .
To pass under one’s legs,to submit ,
to yield .
A small two-wheeled car without covering ,and on which one person only can sit .
One who rides in a T in g'ti.A bale (as of cotton ) .
A kind of horse,a high land pony .
L ike a tin ghan .
A hatchet .
Stra itness , tightness , po verty , want , a bag ,a sack .
To be p arsimonious .
A strai t place or passage,a strait .
To hang up,to dangle
,to hang by a
string (not on a peg) .
The leg .
230 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
T an bfi’i
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T ank e lag'
an'
a.
u dh arna
kh udnfi
T an-k hw'
ah
0 0 0 0 0 0
baji aur rag bfijhfi .
bfin dh nfi .
Alone,solitary
,singular
,unique
,private
,
apart,only
,Single.
Loneliness,solitude .
A string with which garments are tied .
A daughter .
The warp, the price paid for weaving .
Buzzing .
A kind of covering for the waist .
A weight equal to four mishas (V . under
An iron pin,a stitch .
A stitch,a tub m ade of stones , solder .
To stitch , to solder .
To be Opened or unripped .
Wages , an assignment on the revenue .
To d istribute pay .
One who receives sa lary , a holder of anorder for wages .
R eceiving pay , service .
Personal a llowance .
A venereal chancre,a square piece cut
ou t of a melon to examine its quality .
A chisel for stone-work .
Cleaning,polishing , deciding disputes
,
investigation,search , ascertaining .
Purging (medicinal ly) , winnowing grain ,settlement
,decision . clearne ss .
To stitch .
To be stitched .
To extend,to stretch , to expand , to pull ,
to knit ( the eyebrows) .
To pitch tents .
To stretch,to pull tigh t, to sit upright .
Bisection .
Cat-gut,sinew
,the s tring of a musical
instrument .
He understood from the firs t word .
To p u t to silence an id le talker .
232 GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
-i-dikk
k'
a nil—It jana
-i-larz a
-i-muhrikf -i-muwfiz aba
—~i-naubat
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-to’i or -to
’lya'
karnfi
T ap aknfi
p h orcha
Warm th,heat
,fever .
Warmth,prayer , adoration , devotion .
A fever .
To come on (a fever) .
A h ectic fever .
A tertian fever .
The breaking out of an eruption on the
lips after a fever.
An ague .
An arden t fever .
A quotidian fever .
A intermittent fever .
To go o ff (a fever) .
Spring,leap
,bound .
A stroke with the fore foot of a horse,
sound m ade by a horse’s hoofs in tra
velling,a frame made of bamboo fo r
catch ing fish .
Withou t ceasing ( th e sound Of falling
d rops or th e pattering Of rain drop
after d rop successively) .
A worshipper,an ascetic , a devotee .
A hen-coop .
To trifle , to grope , to rummage .
Friendship , the anguish of lo ve , soh crtude
of friendship,aff ection .
Pain , th robbing , sound made by dropping .
Affection , esteem , regard , love , zeal , a r
dour , also , app arent , cordia lity , palpi
ta tio n , consternation , afliiclion,uneasiness .
To throb,to palpita te .
The throbbing of a boil,
. when coming
to suppuration .
To drop when ripe,to drip
,to distil
,
to th rob,to palpitate .
Heat , glow , fervour , the sun , th e ho t
season .
To heat,to cause to g low ,
to make another
person warm h imself at the fire,or in
he sun .
GLOS SARY OF IN D IAN TERMS .
T apa si
T a pa sh i
T ap assi mach h li
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
bfin dh nfi
barki-i-‘ankabiit
-kash-kaSh-i
233
To p our a libation .
Sunshine,the sunbeams
,toil
,labour .
A devotee,a performer of austere devotion .
The mango-fish . (Polynemu s paradisea) .Affliction
,agitation
,palpitation
,heat
,
warmth .
A drop of rain,fruit falling when ripe
,
(particularly mangos) , a windfall.
To cause to d rip,to distil .
D is t il lation ,dripping .
To be glorified,to glow
, to be heated ,to frisk about .
To p aw with th e fore feet (as a horse
expecting his corn) , to s earch in vain .
T O bask in the sun ,or before a fire , to
warm one’s sel f at a fire,to warm ,
to heat .
A division,district .
The post—Office,the name O f a mode in
music , the bound of a ball, a jump,a bound
,a sort of book.
To bound,o r ricoc h e t (a shot) .
To sew or stitch with intervals , to read
in a desultory manner.
A mound,a smal l height
,an acclivity .
An island .
A plot of a field .
A thread,a wire
,the string of a musical
instrument,darkness
,Obscuri ty .
To continue or repeat an action without
interrup tion .
The electric telegraph , a telegram .
Cobweb .
A wire-drawer .
Wire-drawing,a kind of needle-work .
To draw wires .
To be disjointed , to be sepa rated .
The palm tree (Borassus f labell iformis) .
Understanding.
Intelligen t,quick o f apprehension .
234
m andal .
T are gin na.
T araddud
GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TE R MS .
at-i-dun yavi.
0
O
0 0 0 .
o n
0 0
dikhfinfi
9 0 0 O
o o o o o
0 0 0 0 O 0
Quicknes s of appreh ension .
Moist , wet, fresh , green , young , j uicy , a
particle,which
,added to Persian adjec
tives , forms the comparative degree .
Intoxicated .
A star , the apple of the eye , the name
of the wife O f R fijfi Ba li.
The starry sphere .
To count th e s tars , t .e . ,to get no sleep .
I rresolution , hesita tion , fluctuating,su s
pension Of j udgmen t,anxious consid era
tion , debating , rej ecting , contrivance.
Atten tion to wordly affair s .
Success ion , uninterrupted , ca rrying double
( a horse) .
S ide , marg in , corner, quarter , extremity ,towards , occasion , notice , approach .
A partisan,a fol lower
,a sectary , an
ass istant,partial .
Following,partiality .
A defendant,an enemy .
On the part o f.Manner, m ode
,position
,establishment ,
ejection,throwing .
Beautiful , graceful , well-shaped .
Beauty,elegance
,sty le
,grace .
To disregard , to turn a deaf ea r to
pass over .
To show Off one's airs and graces , to
aflect .
Sketching ,A marsh , mead , meadow .
Living in or nea r water, water-fowl .
imitating .
Plunder , devastation .
The crown o f the h ead , a hill , heap ,head
,top
,summit .
A beam , a rafter .
Promotion , preferment , advancement , in
crease,making progres s in learning ,
proficiency .
236 GLO S S A R Y'OF INDIAN TERMS .
T ar-ba-tar h ona
T a rbi‘
T arbiya t
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
karna
T arerfi
T ar-i
h onfi
’I‘a‘rif
u-l-maj’h fil bi-l
maj’hfil
To drip with wet,to be covered with
blood .
D ividing into four , making aqu adrangu lar
or square figure, ( in as tron omy) a quad
rangu lar aspect of the stars , a quadrature .
Education,in struction , tuition , breed ing ,
correction .
To educate,to instruct.
D oci le , tractable .
Well-trained , wel l-educa ted .
A water-melon (Cucurbita citrullus) .
R efutation ,rebutment
,reversal
,repell ing,
opposing .
To refute,confute
,disprove .
The falling of water from a spou t,o r
from any height .
Moisture , freshnes s , sugar .
By water .
The juice of the palm tree , ( corrupt .
Toddy) .
Hilt o f a dagger .
The clapping of hand s,a key
,abstraction
,
absence of mind , absorption in though t
or devotion .
D arkness Obscurity .
T O prevai l o ver , overcome , o vershadow .
Explanation,d escrip tion , praise , praisin g,
assertion .
Explaining in terms as l ittle understood
as the thing intended to be explained .
Commendable,notable .
D ark,Obscure .
Blind-dim-Sighted .
Leaving , a deserter .
Abandoning the world , abstinent , s obe r,chaste
,an anchorite , hermit
Way,road
,manner
,custom
,fashion , rite ,
religion .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
-i batw'
ar'
fi
-i darbfir
-i mu n R Sib
T fi rikh
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-i-bil§ murajj ah . .
rak hna
-navis
-band
T a rk e men anfi
T a rk e m en ch h ornii
T arkib
237
Way , path , manner, custom , rite , religion ,sect
,the better sort of people ( T arikat ,
a pe culiar order among the Sfi f is) .
To direct,Show the way .
To work a system .
Mode of partition .
Form of state .
System of accounts .
The proper mode .
T he apple of the eye , a Star .
D ate,era
,annals
,history .
The era Of the 111e ( gm)
D aily,a t s tated periods .
Any building of a circular form with an
arched or cupola roof,a wooden strue
ture in gardens,where a watchman sits .
A kind of s tanza in which one line o c
cu rs a t stated interval s .
Gaining a superiority , preference , excel
lence , pre—eminence .
Unreasonable preference .
To excel,to surpass .
Trans la tion,interpretation .
A translator.
Abandoning,leaving , des erting .
D isrespe ct .
Logic,a p rOp o smon in logic .
D awn of day .
l n the morning early .
The esta te of a deceased person , a share
of it .
The pa ternal estate .
Edible vegetables .
A quiver .
Carrying a quiver .
T O inherit,succeed
,descend
,come into
posses sion .
To lea ve,bequeath .
Composition,mixture
,cement
,make
,
fo rm ,mechanism .
238 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TE R MS .
bach cha
T arsiina'
.
T art a r-i . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C O 0 Q Q 0 Q
Mix tu res,compo sition s .
Well-formed .
Composed , mixed , artful , artificial .
To organize .
To pass o ver , to be ferried , to be saved .
To free , to rid , to exempt , to absolve
from Sin,to save .
To understand , to concei ve , to comprehend ,to guess .
Punishment,admonition
,reproof, penalty .
To reprove .
A ship,vessel
,boat .
N ew,fresh
,cheerful
,verdant.
N ewness,freshness .
Satisfaction,gratification
,an off ering of
"
th ree handfuls of water to ancestors.
Haste , hurrying .
Wicked,viciou s (particularly a horse) ,
s tout .
Violence,roughness .
To chatter,murmur
,grumble .
A pick-pocket,a cut-purse .
R a pidity .
To gallop .
Quickness , expedition .
To stretch out, Or bound (a horse at full
speed) .
Chattering ceaseles sly
Quickness , flu ency of speech , eloquence
Compassion,mercy .
To compa ssionate .
Fear,terror .
A christian ,also a guebre , a worsh ip per
of fire,a pagan
,an infidel .
A young fire-worshipper .
Fearful , timid .
To cause,to long , to tantalize , to tease
Timid,cowardly .
A kind of dish .
240 GLOSSARY OF INDIA N TERMS .
T asa rru f
ka rna
m efl l’
ain'
a
T asarru ffit
T asarru f-i
T asauwu t‘
T asauwu r
T asauwu rat (lT asbih
d ena
karnfi
-i-bila t asauwur
k a rn'
a
T a sfl ya
A kind of coarse silk,th e produce of a
particular worm (Bombyx p ap h ia) t hat
feeds on the asan ( T ermin alia alu ta
t oment osa) .
Possession , use , sway , eXp iden tu re , dis
posal , embezzlement, extravagance .
To take or get posses sion o f.
The s um tota l o f expenses,pos se s sions .
Common provisions gi ven to dependants .
(Khfissa , being what th e master and
his friends eat) .
The theology of the Siif is or mystics of
the east,mystery , contemplation .
Imaginining ,imagination
,contemplation
,
meditation,reflection
,fancy
,conception
,
precon ception,apprehension .
To imagine , t o fan cv .
Ideas .The act of prais ing God , a rosa ry , a
chaplet of beads (not a Hin du rosary) .
A chape l .
Saying prayers,a person hired to pray
for another,a private chaplain .
The office O f a chaplain .
To count the names O f God on beads ,to describe th e holiness o f God .
The headache,t rouble
,perplexity , aflliction ,
annoyance,vexation
,toi l.
To incommode,trouble
,vex , tease , harass ,
dist res s,annoy .
To take the trouble.
Verifying , attesting,acknowledging as
true , appeal .
Presupposition .
To testify , to attest , to certify , to verify ;
The person attesting , an auditor .
Purifying (particularly the mind from ill
will) , reconcil iat ion , adjustment, disposal .
To reconcile,adjust a dispute
,settle .
G LOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
T ash afi’i
(ha r f-i-ta sh bih )
T ash did
T ash h ir
h onfi
T as’hih
ka rna
T as h rif
arz z‘
in i f a rmana
f arm ana
-war .
241
D iminution , a diminutive noun .
Seizing and holding fi rmly or by force,
strong , robust , corrobora ted , confirmed ,aggravation , severity , hardship .
Consolation , becoming calm (after anger) ,ca lmness .
A Simile,comp arison ,
allegory,metaphor
Adverb of similitude .
To assimilate,compare .
Consolidating, corrobo ration . The name
of the orthographical mark placed
over letters , which denotes that they
should be doubled in pronunciation .
Proclaiming , publishing, marking a crim
inal, p ublic expo sure .
T O be p ublicly exp osed in the streets .
Making an error in writing , writing ,changing th e diacritica l poin ts so as to
alter the pronuncia tion and meaning o f
a word .
0 i llusR ectifica tio n ,correction
,verifyin
g ,
trating ,attes tation .
T O amend , correct , verify .
D istinguishing perfectly , making a co rrect
diagnosis valuation , assessment .
To ascer tain .
Honouring,exalting
,investing with a
splendid robe .
To go,o r to come .
To com e1 To honour with one’s presence ,
To go I
never said O f one’s self,except by a king .
Your honour ! your presence !I llus tration
,ex p lanation , exp osition , dec
laration,anatomy
,dissec t ing a body ,
skeleton,details .
To enumerate,i l lustrate
,explain , to
p articularize .
In detail,with full particulars
242 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
T ashwish
T ashwish'
a'
t (p l
T ashfiwish
T fi sir ( l T asj rat
k a rna
T askhir
-i-kn lfib
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T aslim ( l T aslimat
kar na
T aslimfit ba-jfi lana
T asma . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A platter,basin
,ewer
,cup , salver .
A smal l sa lver,plate
,a saucer .
Confusion,distraction
,anxiety
,grief, alarm ,
disquietude,apprehension .
Troubles,anxieties .
The making an impression, an eff ect
,
impression , operation , penetration .
To make an impression,to influence ,
prevai l upon .
Imprisoning,taking a strong hold
,sub
duing,captivating
,imprisonment of an
evi l spirit,magic .
Captivating of heart s .
Consolation,comfort
,pacifying .
Assuasive,mitigating .
To appease , pacify , ca lm ,sooth e
,assuage .
To be satisfied,consoled .
A culinary vessel u sed by Hindus .
Crucifixion .
D elivery,consignment
,recommending to
the care or protection of another,salu
tation,homage
,health
,securi ty .
To salute , to make obeisance , to do
homage,to accept (most respectfully ) .
To make obeisances .
A thong,a strap of leather.
A strangler,a mute .
To strangle .
Invention,composition .
Literary compositions .
Conjugation,declension , inflection ( in
grammarl changing , turning , converting .
Evidence,manifes ta tion . explanation
narration,description .
An inch .
Making black ,th e d raft o f a letter , a
rough copy,a Sketch
,plan
,delineation
GLOSSARYOF INDIAN TERMS .
ka rna-dh ar
tauba
t o rna-Sh ikan-shika n i
T au bikh
T an f
T auf ik (p l . T au f ilgat )
bakhsh nii .
T aurir
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
..i-zanjir
zanjir karna”
T angir
T aul or t ol
T an l na or t oln'
a
T aunsna
A pony , a smal l h orse .
mare .
Penitence , convers ion , promising to sin
no more .
To rep ent .
The sound o f punish ing .
Tush ! fie ! foh !
To break one ’s vow .
Unfaithful .
Unfaith fulness .
R eproach,speaking harshly , threatening .
Surrounding, making the circuit
,pil
grimage,the procession round the temple
o f Mecca .
The completion of one’
s wishes , the divine
grace,the favour o f Go d .
To grant a favour .
Increa sing,perfecting
,increase , excess ,
perquisites,a supernumerary .
Unity , believing in the unity of God .
Enervating,relax ing , sco fling ,
disgrace,
dishonour .
To insult,to dishonour .
Calling one’s attention , explaining , ac
counting for,adj ustment of accounts
,
assessment,a description ro ll .
A keeper of description rolls .
A collar , y oke , necklace , chain for the
neck , for ornament or punishment , a ring .
I rons , manacles .
To imprison,to pu t in irons .
Honouring , respecting , treating with
ceremony .
Weight,weighing .
Weighing and measuring .
To weigh,to balance , to confront (as
two armies) .
A twin .
Thirst , great thirst .
To be affected o r overcome with heat .
GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 245
T aurit or tan ret .
T ausan
-i takh t-i .
T aw'
zi
T awa f
T awa’if (p l . of
T awajju h
karna
T awal lud
T awan .
Mode , manner , way , condition , state .
Ways,manners
,deportment .
The pentateuch .
A pea cock .
A horse,war-horse
,a young unbroken
horse .
Peacock-shaped .
A peacock th rone o f th e emperors of D elhi .
D escript ion , praise , commendation .
Manifestation , a statement , account , de
scriptive roll .
The i ron plate on which bread i s baked ,the part of the hukka in which th e
tobacco i s placed , or the tobacco itself,an iron mirror .
(V . Turning,encom pas sing
,pil
grimage,making the circuit of a pillar
of th e Ka’ba, o r sacred temple of Mecca .
People,nations , troops , bands ( particu
larly of dancing girls) ,Turning towards
,regarding , attending to ,
kindness,favour
,obligingness
,condesc
en sion .
Mutual ecstacy,rapture .
Ex pecta tion , hOp e , desire , wish , trust ,reliance
,request .
D elay,pause
,hesitation
,tediousness
,
patience .
Trust in God , reliance, faith in or res
ign a tion to the divine will or destiny .
To resign to God .
Birth,born
,generated .
To be born .
R etaliation,recompen se, debt, fine, loan
( ta'
wiin i s used in Opposition to lsj sas,and means the price paid for blood ) .
To fine , to mulet , to amerce.
To pay a penalty or damages .
To adj udge damages .
246 GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
T awan
T awfin-gar
T awan-i
T awarik h ( p l . of T arikh) .
T awarud
T awassu l .
T awa t t un
T awaz u‘
-i-Samarkan di.
-i-Sliiraz
k a rna .
T awa z z u
T awela
T a‘wiz .
-ba-ta‘
iza .
-dam
Compensation,debt
,fine
,loan .
Power, strength .
Powerful .
R ich,Opulent , powerful .
Compensation,debt
,fine
,loan .
D ates,histories
,annals .
Unintentionally in serting the sense o f
another in one’s own poems,co rrespond
ing by letter,when two persons t hink
the same thing,succession o f ideas .
Conjunction , introduction to another per
son,means , intervention .
Mediation,introduction
,an introducer
a m ediator .
F ix ing one’s residence in a foreign country .
Continuation,success ion .
Humility,attention
,pretended kindness ,
empty compliments .
Fals e politeness,pretended kindness
,
empty compliment.
S imple fare,homely diet .
T o entertain , receive , present , off er .
Performing the ablution before prayer ,arriving at the age of puberty when the
ablution must be performed .
A stable,stall .
Explanation,elucidation
,interpretation
,
paraphrase .
Having recou rse to the deity , ask ing
protection,a charm
,an amu let .
Paternal uncle .
Ascertaining,ascertainment
,certainty .
Purifying before prayer with sand o r
dust,when water canno t be had .
F resh ,
.
n ew,young
,green
,tender, raw
,
fat,happy
,pleased .
Fresh and blooming .
Good spirits , hilari ty , cheerfulness .
To be in good case , to increase , to
flourish .
24 8 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
ba-kad’
. n uma o o c o o‘
o o d .
T eh ar . .
0 0 0 0 0 0
T elin
Condolence,lamentation
,mourning .
A letter of condolence .
Masculine gender .
Mention .
A scimitar .
Sword in hand .
A swordsman , a u ser of a s cimita r .
Use o f the scimitar .
A short,broad scimitar .
A sword like a scimita r .
N ame of an o rnament of dress (perhaps
a bracelet) .
Sp lendour , glo ry , refulgen ce,s trength
energy .
Glorious .
A prop,pillar
,reliance
,promise
,vow .
To lean upo n .
A prop,support .
To support,to prop .
A height,a rIsm g ground .
Oil .
N ame of a caste whose business is to
sel l oil,an oil-man .
Low caste people,the dregs of society .
Wife of an oilman .
N ame of a colour— dark bay .
Ligh t bay coloured .
To remove .
A beam .
Sa u fi'
of a candle,the flame o f a can dle
or lamp .
The name of a fruit ( D iosp yros chanum ) .
A leopard .
A particular breed of fowls , tiny , small .
The ripe fruit of Kari!, (Cap p aris) . a
speck on the eye .
An imita tive sound , an inarticulate sound .
To screecli like a parrot .
GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 249
0 Q o o o o 0 o o 0 e e 0 o0 o 0 0 o o o o o o 0
n e o o o 0 o
0 0 a o o o c a
T e’o ri 0 ' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T er
h iliin a
m era karna
T erha
T eyh i
T etak
The windpipe,the throat .
Habit,custom .
A holiday,a festival .
Present made,at a festival .
To sharpen .
To have a swimming in the head,to be
faint , to stagger , to fall down senseless
from a blow.
The third year past or to come , yea r
before last,year after the next .
F rown .
To get displeased .
To frown .
A kind of stitch .
Tune , voice , sound , cry .
A curtain,squint-eyed .
The trunk of a tree,an instrument for
twisting coarse thread or twine .
To be afflicted with the venerea l disease .
Thy,thine .
To dispu te about property ,to figh t over
anyth ing .
Thirteen .
Thi rteenth .
The thirteenth , th e thirteenth day after
death when the las t o f the funeral rites
i s performed .
Crooked,bent
,uneven .
Crooked .
To be crooked , displeas ed , angry .
To bend,crook .
Crookedness .
Pride , vanity , haughtiness .
A difficult matter .
To give an impudent answer.
To bawl,to roar to
,to cal l loudly , to
shout,to tune .
The blossom s o f the p aras tree . (Bu t ea
frondosa) , a kind of play.
D ifficulty , embarrassment .
0 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
badaln a
bigarn a
ab
-‘ak1
-fah m Intelligent,quick of apprehension .
-hosh
kadam
gam
gam-I.
nakha n .
-p ar .
-pat .
-rat tar-rau
-rau-I
-tab‘
T ezak
T ez-i
T ha
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Calculation o f nativity,habit
,custom .
The forehead,look
,shape .
To change colour o r cou ntenance,to turn
away one’s countenance .
To change countenance when dying,to
be in the agonies of death .
Swimming or giddiness in th e head .
Sharp,pungent
,acute
,hot
,strong
,
impetuous,violent
,swift .
N itrous acid,aqu a fort is .
Swift,quick fas t-going .
Swi ftness .
Sharp-nailed .
High-flyin g , swift-fly ing .
N ame of an aromatic plant (Lau ru s cassia) .
Fast-gOIng .
R apid ity,swiftness .
Quick of apprehensio n .
Cress,cres ses . (Lep idium sa t ivum) .
Sharpness,strength
,swiftness .
A sound made by striking one thing'on
another .
S tand ing,the beak
,the back stick of a
paper kite .
A robber,an assassin by strangling , a
cheat,swindler
,imposter .
Cunning,fraudulent
,art
,dexterity .
To rob,to cheat .
To cheat .
To be cheated .
To cheat , to deceive .
A female robber or cheat .
Cheat , trick .
252 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
ka rna . .
(Kalaja thanda h ona) .
T handa-i
sail s bh a rni .
T h and e t h and e
T h and-i garmiyan
T h an th an
Loose,
‘hanging,shak ing
,flabby .
A prop,a support
,an Obstacle.
To support,prop
,Shield
,protect
,sh elter ,
prevent,witho ld , restrain , stop , pull u p
(a horse), bear , assist , resi st .
A piece of cloth,a stall for cattle
,a
manger,a piece of coin .
Udder .
A s tation , (as police), a_gu ard , th e in sid e
of the lines of an army .
The head constable .
A heap of bamboos .
Coldness,a cold .
Cold .
To become cold, to be extingui shed , to
be comforted o r pacified , to rest , to
lose viri lity .
To make cold,to extinguish , comfort ,
assu age,pacify .
To abate (anger, virili ty or wantonness) .
To be pleased,t o be happy (by seeing
a friend or relation) , to have one ’s
revenge gratified .
R efrigerant medicine , th e in to x i cating
drug made o f bh ang .
Coldnes s .
Cold .
To sigh .
In th e co ol o f the morning or evening ,at dawn or dusk .
Lukewarmn less , a show of love , pre
tended aff ection .
A den O f thieves .
A receiver of stolen goods .
To resolve,determine , be intentou ,
intend,
set one ’s heart on,settle , perform .
To be fixed,to be ascertained .
'To stuff,to cram .
D ingdon g , tingle .
T O jan gle,rattle .
G LOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Place,residence .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T hap na
T h ap p a
0 0 0 0 0
T h art h arahat
T has , th is or th us .
T h asfi thas
T hasak
T hasak n'
a
T hasnfi
253
A tap,pat
,flap
,a p aw,
the sound of a
small drum .
A mark o f a paw .
The noise o f tap p ing , the instrument
with which potters beat their earth , or
with which the earthen floors o f rooms
and terraces are beaten (made of wood) .
To beat, tap (floors, walls , terraces ) , t o
patch (as a wall , floor,with cow-dung) ,
a religious ceremony performed at a cer
tain season,at Agra and in its vicinity .
An instrument for s tamping leather with ,a die
,stamp .
To coin,to stamp
,to clap against a wall .
A kind of wine or spirituous liquor , a
kind o f shoe worn by villagers .
To tremble,quiver .
Trembling .
Shaking , tremor .
To tremble, quiver , Shiver , shake .
An imita tive sound,as o f a musket il l
charged,a flash ing in the pan .
F i l led , crowded .
S ta te , dignity .
To break or chip o ff a piece of earthen
ware , without completely destroying the
vessel .
T O s tu fl'
,cram
,to ram down the charge
of a gun .
The frame of a roof o n which the straw
i s laid,arrangement
,adj ustment
, th ath ri
also means the Shel l of a house,a bier
,
a skeleton,a very thin person .
Throng,crowd .
254 GLO SSARYO F INDIAN TERM S .
T hat ba daln'
a
T h ath era
T h ath ere th ath ere ki
h ad l a’i
Inarn a
T h a t t h e-baz
-baz-i
m en u rana
p esh g‘
i
S tate , dignit y , pomp , equipage , con ven
ien ce,plenty .
To stop Short,s tand amazed
,draw bock
in surprise,shrink
,stagnate .
To strike , beat, beat one’s own head ( in
token of vexation) , to hara ss one’s sel f.
To change one ’s posture or attitude .
A brazier,tinker .
A bargain between two people,equally
acute and knowing , d iamond cu t d iamond .
A trust,charge .
Waggish,j ocular
,j ocose
,a j ester
,banterer ,
wag .
Fun,humour
,sport
,j oking .
Fun,sport
,j oking
,j est
,name of a place .
To j est,j oke
,crack a j oke
,deride
,ridicule .
A jester , a humorous person , a funny
fel low,j ocular.
Jesting , sporting , j oking , fun .
To make a j est of, to ridicule .
A mason,bricklayer
,architec t.
A support,prop , a large sack filled with
gram .
A plu g .
Hire,fare
,contract , a resting place .
To play an accompaniment .
A form or lease,held on lease .
To give out by the j ob .
A lease in perpetuity .
To take,or enter into , a contract , to
take out a license .
A lease or form of which the rent is
paid in advance .
A hand cart .
A push,a shove .
Shoving and shou ldering .
256 GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
A water-pot,pitcher .
A sob .
jana
rah na
T h ith akn a
T h ith a r
T h ithir
T h ith u rn a
T h ith irna
T h ok
T h oka r
T h ok ar khana
marna
T h onk baj’
ak o . .
dena .
T h on knfi
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
To sob .
Of small stature,middle-sized .
To dance with expressive action
gestu re .
To cause to dance .
To settle .
The s tate o f s tanding amazed .
To stop shor t .
V . T h ath akn a.
N umbness,chi ll iness .
To be numbed,chil l .
Amount,heap
,ready money
,share , portion .
A W holesale dealer .
A blow,stroke
,thump
,clash
,tripping ,
a stumble,a kick
,a s tumbling block .
To trip , to stumble , to meet with a los s
or misfortune .
To strike the fo ot against anything.
A cup for the food and drink of a bird
in a cage,the knuckles .
To strike with the knuckles .
After close'examination , openly .
To sound,to try
,to examine coin .
To hammer,or drive down
,to knock .
To knock,to hammer
,to drive (as a stake),
to thrust with the finger , to drive , to
beat,to thump
,to punish .
An ornament at the end of the bamboo
of a palki, head , topping .
Box,thump .
To trickle .
To support , to prop , to plaster , to pile ,to heap .
GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 257
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
din on se
se th ora
The chin .
m efl hat h d en a To chuck under the chin , to so ften , to
flatt er .
T h fik
chatna
laga'
kar ch h orna.
T h fikran a
T idhar
T igb al ua To be melted , to rarefy .
A lit tle, small , scarce , seldom , some , les s ,
a few .
More or less .
A little,by degrees .
To feel one ’s self small,to be ashamed
,
to s hrink with shame .
A short time ago .
The thumb presented in token of denial
( p eculiar to women ) .
Spittle .
To break one’s promise .
To treat with sovereign co ntempt.
To app ly spittle . (A term of abuse and
most indecent m ea ning .)
To spit .
To kick or s trike with the toes .
The act of waving or walking wi th a
graceful easy air .
A dignified pace , s tately gait, graceful
carriage .
To walk with grace and sta teliness , to
walk with dignity .
Short , of low s tature .
Lazy , the p laying or j erkin g of a pap er
kite to keep it up when the wind is light .
A post , pillar, column .
A grasshopper.
A locust .
There , in that direction .
The name of a plant (Eup h orbia'
an ti
quorum ) , the meeting of thr ee streams .
An infant , a child,a young animal .
258 GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
T ighlana
T igun
T igu n a
'I‘iha’i
T ih‘
idast‘
i
T ij'
a'
rat
-i bah ri
T il a-k bh ejna .
ch aSp'
an
T ik'
harna
To melt,dis solve .
A tone in”
music .
Three-fo ld .
The third part .
A third person , a court of inquiry , three
or four persons by wh om any cause i s
arbi trated,an arbitrator .
Empty , vain .
Empty-handed , poor .
Poverty , penury .
Ignorant .
The third day of a lunar fortnigh t .
The third day after the death of a rela
tion,on which oblation s are o ffered .
Trade,commerce
,traffi c .
Commerce .
Mercantile , commercial , trade .
A tertian fever or ague .
A commentary,inoculation
,a mark made
on the forehead by Hin dfis,an ornament
worn on the forehead,the nuptial gifts
or engagement .
To send the nuptial gifts,which are
presented by the relations of the bride
to the bridegroom .
To accept nuptial gifts .
To retain,to fix in any place
,to stop ,
to billet , to lodge , to station .
Tax,hou se-tax
,income-tax
,duty
,tol l .
S tabili ty,residence .
S tamp,ticket
,pass , passport .
Paid , stamped .
Pungent , angry , passionate , Sharp, pene
trating .
To confirm,to prove , to establish by
“ argument , to question closely , ask
searching questions , to plough three times .
A small loaf of bread .
260 GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TE R MS .
. dfin .i 0 0 0 0 ¢ o o o e c o o o
T Imar
O O O O
O O O O 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 0 0 0 O
karn‘
a .—h
o o o b o o o o c o o o o o o o o
T inka
dan toii men lena .
'an diZ'ie 0 0 0 0 O D 0 i O 0 O 0
ch alfina
Talismanic .
T he golden bo rder of a turban .
A housewife , o r small bag fo r ho lding
need les an d th reat .
Care , attention ,regimen of the sick
,
infirmity ,sickn ess
,indisp o sitio n ,
afilictiOn .
R esemblance,picture .
D ressing .
A sound .
A fain t l ight , a twinkling .
To give a faint light .
Three and five, con ten sio n ,
dispute,quarrel .
To quarrel .
D ispersed , s cat tered ,ruined .
To rout orscatter to the winds , to d issipate .
To flutter, pa lpita te , throb .
N ature , dispo sition , tenor .
Good-natu red .
A straw,a bit o f the s talk o f grass .
To make submiss ion , confess inferiority ,‘
ask fo r quarter .
To be robbed of the small es t coin .
(Lil . to pick s traws) , to be into xicated .
A note of hahd , a cheque , drawing a card ,.rai sing the voice in singing .
To draw ‘a card .
O rnament .To press, compress , squeeze , grop e , feelf
An arrow,-the planet Mercury , the fourth
solar month of the Pers ian year , cor
respon ding to the Hindi Sawan , a beam
an archer.
An archer .
Archery .
A p unishment in which the culprit i s
shot with arrows .
To shoot an arrow .
A maker of arrows .
The manufacture O f arrows .
T i ryak
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0
O 0 0
o p e o o
0 .
261
The piercing of the body by an arrow .
A light , small-headed arrow .
Wounded by an arrow .
Within bow-shot .
An archer .
An arrow discharged through a tube .
Thirst , alarm ,fear
,t error .
To be thi rsty .
D ispersed .
A woman,maid , female , wife .
The science o fwomen,knowledge ofwomen .
Female wiles .
Petticoat government .
A trident,a three-po inted pike or spea r
(esp eciallv that borne by Sh iva, and
placed at the top to temples to the god) .
Pi lgrimage , a sacred place , sacred water .
To go on a pilgrimage .
A pilgrim .
To go on a pilgrimage.
The ci ty of Ilahabad .
Treacle ( in Hindiistz'
m,Opium ) , an antidote
to everv disease .
Thirst,temptation .
One whose lips are dried on account o fthirst .
F lax .
Bitter,pungent
,ho t .
A partridge .
Scattered,out of order . (V . T iri biri) .
A lunar day .
Obstacle,impediment , s tra tagem .
A sect of Brahmans entitled to rea d
three Vedas.
Spyin g,watching
,espionage .
To trace,to find o u t .
262
0 0
GLOS SARY 0 1" IND IAN TERMS .
n ae I'
I meI'
I
Hindrance , prevention , the influence of
an evil eye .
Hindrance,prevention .
To interrogate , to prevent , to challenge ,to envy , to accos t , to look at with an
evi l eye .
A large basket (without a lid) .
A small ba sket (without a lid) .
A company , society , hamlet .
To dash one top against another whi le
in motion .
Weight , weighing .
Weighing and measuring .
A denomination o f weight,consis ting of
a number of mash as,which vari es in
different parts of India . The standard
to la, or sicca weigh t o f Calcutta i s
1 2 112 mash as as follows
4 F anks . . 1 D han or G rain .
4 D han 1 R at ti Gr. Tr.
8 R at ti 1 Mish a
1 2 112 Mash as 1 T olfi
To weigh , balance , to confront (as , two
armies) .
To estimate the work o f any one .
A myriad , a sum of money equal
to Arabic silver drachmas (which
are about one th ird less than th o se ' o f
the G reeks) , a sum of money equal to
fi fteen dollars and a half,districts into
which a kingdom is divided,each being
supposed to furnish fighting men .
A hat , cap , helmet , th imble, bait , stitch .
A hat. ’
One who wears a hat,or an animal with
a comb , a term used to d esignate Per
sian,MOghal , and European troops , and
s t ill applied to the latter and to Euro
peans,generally in India .
264 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TE R MS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-ch asm
T oth'
a
T o t la
T o t lan'
a
T a ti'
ana'
T rah , t rahi
or t r’
ah i kar .
or
T rfin
karna
T reta
T ri-b eni
T ribh an ga
A matchlock .
Mus tard seed,ti ll , up to .
The name of a vegetable, a kind o f
cucumber . (Cucumis acu tan gul u s) .
The name of a musica l mode or r'
ag ini.
To break , to change (as , coin) .
To be at the point o f death .
To ea t the bread of id leness .
(To break and to j oin) express es absolute
po wer over anything .
Provision (particularly of a traveller , or
that which is ca rried with the funeral
of a deceased person,to support h im
during his j ourney to the other world) .
A wardrobe,a place where furni ture is
kept .
A parrot,the cock of a gun .
Parrot-eyed,faithless as a parrot .
To nurse a so re,to conceal a foul d isease .
To prattle,talk sweetly .
Loss,deficiency
,a cartridge
,a candle’s end .
A charm,an amulet
,a philter .
Li sper,stutterer
,stammerer .
To lisp,to Speak im perfectly .
Mercy ! save !
Calling ou t for deliverance or mercy .
To complain,to rep ent o f a sin , to -cry
out for mercy .
Safety,a coat o f mail .
To free , to protect .
A saviour,a deliverer
The name of the second Hin dii jug , the
silverage .
(Lil . three tresses), the conflu x of three
sacred rivers , especial ly that O f the
Ganges , J amuna , and supposed Saras
wati underground , at Iliihfib’
zid ( the
ancient Prfig) .
S tanding awry,an epithet of Kr ishna .
GLOS SA R Y OF INDIAN TERMS .
T u bh ak .
T uch h
an a O Q Q O O Q O O O O Q O O Q
u th'
anfi
T I—Iffin o o t o o r n o
265
N ame of a Sp ecies of p art ica l measure .
The three worlds,via
,heaven
,earth
,and
the infernal regions,the un iverse.
Splendour of the three worlds .
Having three eyes,an epithet of Shivfi.
Trinity,the three principal Bindh deities .
Grass .
A building with three doors or arches .
Three marks made acros s the . forehead
as a religious sign .
Thirst,desire
,avarice .
(V . t iriyfi) .
A kind of pulse (Cyt isus cajan ) .
The name of a tree in p aradise , whose
fruit i s said to be . most delicious ,
excellent,Sweet .
The sound of water dropping,sound of
gargling .
Void ,empty
,contemptible
,despicable ,
worth les s .
A rake,a blackguard .
A mound,heap
,stack
,butt or mark at
which arrows are shot .
Marking of boundaries .
Accusing,charging with crime
,a ca lum
niato r.
A parasite,glutton
,an uninvited guest
,
th rough the agency of.
An inundation or deluge , a storm , tem
pest,hurricane .
To blow a hurricane , to come on (a delu ge
or flood) .
To blame , to censure .
To slander .
D eluge-making,a quarrelsome person .
To make a great noise .
A musket (properly any tube through
which a thing is blown) .
Quarrelsome,boisterous .
266 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
T u f'
liliya t
T uhmat
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-i-bad
-i-bfilan g u
i-raih an
i-kfih I—I .
i-kafi n .
-r e zi
T ukhma
T nkka
T ukma
-e-jaib-k holna . .
T ukr'
a
T uk yi
T ukra‘
o r T uk ya p urz a .
T ukr-gadfi
T ah rs tukre
Infancy,childhood .
R ebellion,sedition
,perverseness
,insolence .
Excess,overflowing
,inundation .
A curiosity , a present , rare , uncommon ,excellent , admirable , nice , choice , beau
tiful,wonderful, odd , singular .
Excellence,rarity
,beauty .
Presents .
Suspicion,accusation, charging one with
a crime,suspicion of guilt
,calumny ,
slander,aspersion .
To slander,calumniate .
Suspicious,ignominious .
Brave , an epith et of R ustam in the
Sh fih nfim a .
Purifi ca tion,purity
,cleanliness .
PI. of t'
ajir,a merchant
,used in the
singular in Hin dfistfin .
One line o f a poem,a rhyme
,a moment .
A piece,a little
,a particle , a hit , an
atom,a single beat of a drum .
Seed,an egg
,Sperm , a tes ticle .
Low-bred .
S eeds,which when infused
,yield a cooling
drink .
Seed of lettuce .
Lin seed .
S cattering seed,sowing .
Indigestion .
A sort of arrow blunt at the end , a
smal l hi ll,an eminence .
A button,loop
,eye-loop .
To open the purse .
A piece,bit
,portion , division .
S craps , clippings , shavings .
A beggar for a scrap .
Piecemeal , in pieces .
268 GLOS SAR Y o r INDIAN TERMS .
'Pfim
'
ar
T fimiya
T uin n a
T h’
mt u ralr
T u n n
T und .
T undar o r t un dur
T und-i
T up ak or t op ak
T iir
Brotherhood , connexion , caste , bevy , crowd ,troop , squadron (prop . ten thousand) .
To collect a body of troops .
The commander O f a t uman .
The command of a t uman .
To cause to be carded .
A book , vo lur‘
n e,ro ll
,an account book ,
a sto ry .
An accountant .
The p roduce o r collection of a land
recorded in Government books .
Thread made of carded coton,in Opp o
sitiou to that made which has been only
beaten (called Akra'
rii’i) .
To card or s eparate (wool or cotton)with the finger
,prepara tory to combing.
Magnificen ce , grandeur, pomp , ostentation .
Pompous , ostentatious .
N ame of a tree,the flower of the tree used
for dyeing a yellow colour (Cedrela t oon a) .
S ligh t,weak
,delicate
,thin
,effemin ate .
Sensible .
Sense,sensibility .
S light,or weak in substance .
Whimsical, cap t ion s , peevish , fretful .
Weak-mindedness .
Active,quick
,hot
,Spirited
,sharp
,severe ,
acrid .
To be angry , to be displea sed .
Warm,passionate , fretful .
Hot-headed , passionate .
Fast-going .
Eloquent,talking rapidly .
Hand -o r branch that has been cut o ff .
Thunder .
F ierceness , activity .
A musket .
A mountain , Sinai“
Earth,ground , dust.
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
T urEb-i
T w ins
T u ran t
tamam h ii’i. .
T urs ha Wild so rrel .
Sournes s,harshness
,acidity .
To -ac idulate .
T u rsh-I. Sou rnes s,-acidity , harshness .
69
Earthen .
The country beyond the Oxus from Persia .
T o'
cau se to be broken or changed (as
money) .
A horse .
A citron,a lemon
,an ornamenta l tissue
or embroidered piece .
Instantly,quickly
,di rectly .
To sew in a particula r man ner , to stitch .
A radi sh .
A tomb,sepulchre .
Sepulchral .
A soldier,a Mu salmfin (properly , a Turk ,
which in Persian takes many other
meanings) .
A murdering or captivating eye .
Wicked , sly , d epraved .
A horseman , ca valier .
A Turkish woman .
Turkish,a kind o f horse .
Spoilt , des troyed .
Inroad , depredation , atta ck , feigned anger
of a lover,walking alfected ly or with
a tossing about of the body .
A kind of st itch .
To stitch,darn
,hem .
An ornament worn in the turban , a ringlet ,a curl .
Crested .
To be vain .
Sour,harsh
,i ll-tempered , crabbed .
Sour-temp ered , h'
aISh .
Cynical,morose , surly , s tern ,hard~favou red ,
270 GLOS SARY OF INDIAN
rah n a
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T a zuk
o'iht ish am .
O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00
0 0 0
TERMS .
Acid or flatu len t (a medica l term) .
Instantly , quickly , directly , presently ,immediately
,fresh
,new
,recent
,late .
Ice,frost
,snow
,fog
,blight
,crops tha t
ripen aft er the rain s .
A bud .
A kind O f purple colou r .
F racture,breaking
,misunders tanding o r
coolness between friends,harm , los s ,
deficiency,a passage omitted in the
writing o f a book and afterwards written
in the margin .
To be broken,to become ill , to pine .
To break in upon,to rush in
,to be
collected in crowds .
To be distressed,weary
,reduced to poverty ,
to pine away,to be sepa ra te d .
A mulberry .
Broken,decayed
,deficiency
,sca rcity .
Fragments,broken to pieces
To incur or suffer a loss to lo se , to fail .
To suffer a loss,sustain damages , to
make restitution
A parrot .
Blue vitriol .
To break , to be broken , to fail, to break
forth upon , to assault , to be helpless .
The orn aments o r embell ishments of a
how,a saddle.
R e tinue,pomp .
Great pomp and glory .
Abdication,abandonment .
To leave,to abandon , desert.
A bil l of divorcement .
Lea ving,relinquishing , abandoning .
To l eave , abandon , deser t, forsake , quit ,abdica te .
D im-sigh ted , purblind .
272 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN T ERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uch’
at honfi
Uchat-i (f J
Ueh chfitan ( m .)
Uch atna
Uch it
A female thief,pickpocket .
To rise , to be rai sed o r lifted up , to
leap,bound .
To separate , to be separated .
To l ift up a burden .
S eparated,broken o ff , alienated , estranged ,
disp leased .
To be tired , to be disgusted,to be
broken ( sleep) .
The act o f vex ing or rendering sorrowful .
To separate,to be separated (as plaster
from a wal l) , to s lip , s lide , rebound ,
to be broken or interrupted ( s leep) .
(Can s . of u ch atnfi) .
To throw up,to toss up a thing (as a
bal l) and catch i t in the hand .
Pronunciation , utterance .
To pronounce,to speak out , to utter ,
a rticula te, expres s .
Joy,gladness .
F ood left or rej ected , crumbs , fragments ,
l eavings .
To be nearly choked in the act of swai
lowing,to go down the wrong way .
”
To separate one thing from another.
To leap,or bo und , to spring u p (as wa
ter in a fountain) , to spring or fly up.
’
To order another to th row up anything.
Proper , fi t, suitable .
To lift or raise up .
An otter .
Wood , timber , a s taff, stick the wood
O f aloes , a lute or harp .
An utensil -to burn wo od ~
o f alo e s in , or
gum benzoin .
Brown,of a brown colour
,a purple colour.
An example; Simile , compari s on .
G LOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
'
Udah at
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ch h ana . .
Uddim ,u dyam .
'
Udha nI
kh ana . .
'
Udhfirn a'
Udh arna
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
273
Brownness , blue-red colour , purple colour.
The rising of the sun or of any of the
heavenly bodies .
From sunrise to sunset,from east to west .
To rise ( the sun ,The bellv .
Liberal , generous , mu nificen t .
Liberality,generosity
,m unificen ce .
Unsettledness , reti redness,unsettled ,
dejected,sorrowful
,sad .
Solitude,loneliness
,sadness
,dejection ,
unsettled,soli tary
,lonely , a clas s of f ak
'
irs .
To be clouded with sorrow,to become dull .
S trenuous and continued effort , exertion ,
endeavour,calling
,employment
,trade .
N oise,disturbance , impudence , rebel lion .
To make a grea t noise .
Making noise,impudent
,rebell ious .
Credit,loan , rescue , deliverance , sa lvation .
To lend o r give on credit,to put out
at interest,to owe .
To live on credit .
To borrow or buy on credit .
To liberate , to discharge .
To be unrolled , untwisted ,unravelled or
unwound,to h e opened .
To undo , unravel , strip ofl'
.
Opened,undone
,unrolled ,
stripped Off .
R i sen (as the sun) , distinguished , con
s p icuo u s for valour .
D eclining , refusing , reced ing , deserting ,
returning , deviation refusal , disobedience .
One who i s disobedIen t .To disobey orders
,to deviate from
,(u s
obey , refuse .
A religious ceremony .
F ie ! poh ! for shame ! alas !
To disapp rove o f, to lament .
274 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
o o o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uftada-gi
Uftan 0 khezan
Ugfihi
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
(Ugt e hi jal jana)
‘Uh da
-bar-a
bar-5511 .
light .
h onfi . To be lighted,to become light .
To cleanse,to polish (metals or j ewell) .
D esolate , ruined , demolished , des erted ,abandoned .
To hold one’s tongue .
The horizon , a tract , or r egion O f the
earth , ( p oetJ , the world .
Fal len,lying
,waste :
Falling,fallen s ta te
,humili ty .
N ow falling , now ris ing, hardlv ,
with
di fficulty .
Usury , the trade of lending money o n
interes t o f one fourth,the payment o f
which i s recei ved by insta lments .
To gather,collect
,accumulate .
Betel lea f,or other thing
,when chewed
and spitted out .
A spit t oon .
To spit out,to refund s to len property .
To cause to grow .
Uncovered ,naked
,bare .
To uncover , discover , unveil , open , pull o ff .
To be uncovered , discovered , opened ,
pulled Off .
To grow,be produced
,rise (as the moon) .
To be withered immediately on springing
up ( i s applied to a hope or expecta tion
nipped in the bud).
A commission,an obligation
,agreement ,
business,office
,post .
Having performed an agreement or com
p let ed an undertaking.
Completion ofan agreement or undertaking .
Intrusted with a business , employed ,ho lding a commission , an O fficer .
Inconsiderate,rash
,ignorant , clown ish .
Splendour,brightness .
276 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
‘Ulamfi ( p l . O f ‘filim)
Ulatna . .
U lat p ula t .
Ul f‘
a t
ka rna ”
Ulich nfi
0 0 0 0 0
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
dh arfi ban dh u'
a
iawfib
p a rda
0 0 0 0 0 0
Ultfina'
p u ltfin a
To fret,to be melancholy or dejected ,
to be ou t of humour with,to be tired
of, to tire .
A kind of small boat .
To overset, to lay over to one side .
The learned .
To pervert,subvert , thwart
,reverse ,
overturn , reply , to be reversed , turned
over or tu rned back,to return .
Higgledy piggledy,topsy
,turv y
,confa
sion,in terchange .
Friendship,familiarity ,
intimacy,society ,
affection,attachment , kindness .
To be friendly, to be intimate .
F riendly,affectionate .
To throw up water .
Entanglement , compli ca ti on , perplexity .
To entangle,t o embroil .
An owl,a S tupid fellow
,blockhead , fool .
S tupidity,fo lly .
R everse , Op posite , co n trarv .
To bring a cross suit or counter act ion .
A crooked or impudent answer .
The cut o f an an garkh a to the left hand
sid e as worn by Hin dfis,the Musu lmans
wea r theirs to the right.
To return .
Very black.
To count one ’s beads backwards .
Topsy turvy,higgledy piggledy .
To overturn,overset
,pervert
,thwart
,
reverse .
To reverse,to modify , to interchange .
A kind of grass used in thatching
( Sa ccharum cyl ind ri cum) .
S tipend,salary
,daily pay , subsistence
money .
The divinity,god-head .
GLOS SARY OF IN D IAN TERMS .
‘Uliim (p l . o f‘ilm )
-i-murawwaja .
-o-fu n un
Umadn a
UIn an g
Umara (p l . of‘Umda
Ummed
Umed
Ummaid
Ummed dena .
o him .
rakhnfi .
se hona. .
war
Ummi
‘Umr
rasida
277
Sciences .
Europ ean sciences .
Oriental sciences or arts .Modern sciences .
Arts and sciences .
To overflow,to fal l (as tears) , to swell ,
increa se o r be poured out (as a river ,clouds
,an army
,the heart) .
Excessive joy,tran sport , ambition .
Aspiring,ambitious .
To greatly rej oice.
N obles,gra ndees
,a noble ( generally) .
Great,noble
,a grandee
,a support
,a
pillar,a prop ,
confidence,reliance , trust.
An ear of corn hal f ripe .
Peop le , sect , a people of the same religion .
A believer in,or follower o f any religion ,
dep th , p rofundity .
Hope , expectation,trust
,dependence,
( In Hind .) pregnancy .
To give or inspire hOp e , prom ise .
Hop e and fear , suspense.
To hope , ex p ect .
To be pregnant .
Hopeful,an expectant , a candidate .
To h ow for,to be a candidate .
Exp ectation ,hOp e ,
d ependence .
N o t knowing how to read . or write , un
educated,illiterate
,unacquainted , u n
known .
Age,li fetime
,period o f life .
A ll th e lifetime .
To be old .
The cup of life .
To pas s one ’s li fe .
A lease for life .
One advanced in years,one superannuated .
A p erp endicular (in geometry) .
278 GLOS SARYo r INDIAN TERMS .
‘Umu lr
Umfir (p l . of am t )
0 0 O
bol b oln a
—sn n n a
Uncha-L
Un chana “
Unche bol ka m un h nicha
su r se g an a . .
Unch-nich
Und elna
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
o o o o o o o o o o o o
Un gli chatkan a
p ar machau a . .
1113115115
u th n a .
Un-i
‘Un sa l o r ‘unsal‘Un su r o r ‘
u n sar
‘Un su r-i o r ‘u n sar-i . .
Un t
D epth,profundity .
Things,a ff airs
,business
,matters
,action s ,
commands .
Wool .
A kind of sword,scimitar .
High , tall , above , steep , loud .
To Speak with pride .
D eafness .
To be hard of hearing .
Height,elevation
,s teepness .
To raise , to take up .
The proud ones are d egraded .
To sing in a h igh key .
Up s and downs of life , vici s situde , high
and low,particulars— every detail , u n
evenness,inequality .
To consider well , to debate,balance ,
hesitate .
To pour (out water ,
A finger,a huger ’s bread th .
N odding,s leepiness .
D rowsm es s,sleepm es s , nodd ing , drooping .
To nod from sleepin ess , to doze,to
droop .
To crack one ’s fingers .
To make a jest of.
To point one ’s finger at .
To become notorious, ( in a bad sense) .
Woolen .
The juj ube fruit .
Of the colour o f the juj ube , red like thejujube .
Society, comp anionship , friendship , lo ve ,affection .
A squill .
O rigin , element .
E lementary , original .
A camel .
280 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
o o o o o o o o o o o o
Upkar o r u p a-kar
Upkfir-i o r u p a-kar-i .
Up l'
fr or up li
Up rala'
karna“
Up r'
awari .
Urtan
Up tan'
a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p u rana .
Ura n gh'
ai
O O O O O O O O O0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-i-m u‘alla .
-i-in u " alla ki zah an .
Hungry,one who fas ts .
To reverence , to worship .
To become m u s tv to rot .
To boi l over .
To produce,make to grow
,cultivate .
Fertile .
Assistance , benefi t , kindness , favour .
Assisting , helping , ben eficen t .
Cakes of d ried cow-dung (used fo r fuel) .
To take one ’s parts to protect,to s tickle for .
Quarrelsorn e ,wrangling.
A composi tion of perfumes and flour used
to rub the body with .
To apply,to rub .
The breast,bosom .
To embrace .
D ea rth,s carcity .
Act of flying .
To cause to fly , to squander or spend
ex travagantly,to entice .
To squander .
Imposition , artifice , trick , stratagem .
To mislead,deceive.
A spend th rift,an extravagant person .
A female armed attendant in the harem .
High,on high , above .
With arm s aloft or rai sed u p (a posture
o f J ogis) .
A kind of vetch .
A n army,a camp , a market .
The roy a l camp or army , a term applied
to th e city of D ib li or Shahjahanabad .
The court language,which at first
,when
the Muh ammadans invaded India , was
composed mainly o f Persian and Arabic
words ; but , in course o f time , the lan
guage became mixed with that of t he
conquered country,and fashi on ed into
what i s called u rd’
ri ( rekht a) (mixed) ,or the modern Hindustani.
GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 28 1
Urh ak karna
Urh n ii .
karna
Ust uwar-‘
i .
Known (by, the name) , commonly called ,
a lias,proper , equitable , goodness , merit ,
confession .
A wearer or putter on of a dress .
To seek or cry for an absent person
(ap plied to a chi ld only) .
To overset.
To cause to clothe .
Anything placed under a vessel t o prevent
its up setting , a prop , a support .
To p u t o n clothes .
To fly .
Oblations , o fferings to a saint , a marriagefeast .
Ascent,ri sing .
N aked .
N akedness .
To winnow.
To boil .
Barren land .
A p orch , portico vestibule , a shed .
To remove,put out of place .
To retreat , recede , shrink from .
Breath,breathing
, hOp e .
To breathe .
To throw ou t the water from boiled rice .
Manner,mode , method , order , arrangement ,
form .
Well-arranged,elegant .
D ifficulty,distress .
A barber .
Teacher , preceptor , master .
Teaching,instruction
,mas tership
,skill ,
masterly (as workmanship) .
A razor .
F irm,strong
,s table
,powerful , brave ,
resolute,solid .
To Strengthen,support
F irmness,stability
,strength
,resolution ,
co n stan cv .
282 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
U § fi l'
( p l . of asl)wa f urn‘
Utakkarlais
Utakn a
Ut a—Ia or lit-ta n
Utan gan
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ut'
ara
u tarn a .
9 ka m'
al
Utaran‘Ut
'
arid
Utarnfi
Ut arn a
Utare h fi’e .
R oots,causes
,a musical mode o r tone .
R oots and branches,causes and e ff ects .
One who dies with out leaving issue,
an unmarried man, ( in Hindi) , a s t u p id
person , blockhead , dunce .
Precipitate,rash
,acting without con
sideration .
T O move , hop , j ump ,skip
,caper .
Supine,lying on the back
,shallow .
N ame of a river near Go ’aliar,name O f
a plant .
Swi ft,quick
,speedy , precipitate , rash .
Haste , sp eed ,rashn ess
,impatience .
D escent .
Ascent and descent .
To bring down,hence
,to disgrace , to
d ishonour .
A descent,an answer
,cas t o ff clothes ,
disgrace,degradation
,ransom , self-devo
tion,trip O f a boat , a p rOpitiatOrv O ffering .
T O trans fer the evi l spirit to th e u t'
ara.
Warehouse goods .
A fragment .
The planet Mercn rv , quicksi lver .
To descend , to alight , to subside,to
decrease,to p ass over , to go o ff
,to fall
Off,to decav , to be freed from debt , to
become insipid,to fal l in value or dignity .
To cause to alight , to bring down , t o
deg rade , to take O ff , to tear o ff , cut o ff ,
or break Off (a partio n o f anything) , to
make a return or recompence , to unload ,
disembark,discharge (goods ) .
En gaged with a desperate reso lution in
any enterprise, (metaphor from ca valry
dismounting to fight on foot) .
To embark,pursue
,persecute
,haunt .
Act O f frequ en tlv ri sing up and si tting
down,inconstan cy .
To remove,abol ish
,abrogate
,exterminate .
284 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Uzbak
‘Uz lat
-gn z ida
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
bak'
i n a rakh n a .
dar
dar-i
i-‘amm
-i-gh alatj
-i-mu dda‘a ‘alaih i .
-i-nabaligh i
4 -155a
-i-kawi-i-wir
'
asa t
karna
ke habfl
khwah
k hwani
p esh k arna “
p izir
tas lim karna .
V .
The Persian letter w aw,and the Sanscrit letter Ya have sometimes
the sound of the Englis h letter V.
Vadh or b adh Ki lling , slaying , slaughter .
Vaidya or b aid A physician .
Vaish or b ais . . A Vaisya or man of th e third of the fourth
A place to which fish throng .
Plai ts O f cloth .
One who plaits cloth .
To plait,to beat severely .
Pomp , splendour , the habits or fashion s
of a king , the king’s seal .
N ame O f a Tartar tribe or nation,a
blockhead .
R etirement,retiring .
A recluse,hermit .
G reatness,magnificence .
Excuse,apology .
To have no obj ection .
An obj ecto r,a claimant .
S tatement of obj ections,a cross d emand .
A general plea .
A weak or bad plea,an improper Obj ection
A p lea o f fraud .
A plea of erro r .
A plea u rged fer the defence .
A plea O f minori ty .
A plea in law , a legal obj ec tion .
A valid Obj ection .
A plea O f heirship .
T O apologize , to ask pardon .
Excusable,Obj ectionable.
An apologist .
An apology , ex cuse .
To plead , Object , take exception to .
Excusable,admissible .
To admit an Objection .
GLOS SARY 0 1" INDIAN TERMS .
Vaish n av or baish nav .
Va r or bar .
Yasanfi or bas nfi
Vast r a or bas tar
Ved or bed
Vedfin t or b edfin t .
Ved'
fin t-i'
or badfin t-I
Vasya or b eswa
Vidh'
an o r bidhfin
Vidhatfi or bidhfita .
Vid hi or bidh
"1t or bidh u
Vidya or bidya
Vidyart hi or
Vidy'
a-van or bidyfi-W an . .
Vrik or brik
Vrikh a or brikh
Vrik sh a or briksh
Vrind or b rind
Vyasa or byas
Open,again
,back
,with .
285
Hin dI—l castes , whose profession is mer
ca n tile or agricultural , age .
Of or relating to Vish nu,a worsh ipper
o f Vish nu .
A choice, boon , blessing , good , a bride
groom ,an appointment .
Giver of a choice o r blessing .
D esi re , inclination ,choice .
Cloth,clothes .
The name of the four Hin dfi scriptures,
via,rik
,sama
, yaju sh , and a th arra,
certainty,faith .
T he name o f a particular Hin dI—l philo
Sophica l svs tem .
One who is conversant with the bedan tsystem .
A pro stitu te .
Common practice , precept , direction .
He who has predestined , i.e. the deitv
Brahma.
R ule , ord er , law ,statute , precept , dirce
tion,decree
,manner
,mode , way , name
Of Brahma, providence .
T he moon .
S cience,knowledge , intellect .
A sort of demi-god or attendant in the
celestial courts .
A student .
Scientific,learned .
A wolf.
A bull,Tauru s ( the Sign o f the zodiac) .
A tree .
A demi-god .
N ame of a l l un i or saint , who is esteemed
the collector and arranger O f the Vedas ,and the author of the Mahabharat .
286 GLOS SARY o r JNDIAN TERMS .
Wa-bast a
-basta-g7an (p l )hona .
k arna . .
-i-ha yat
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bound , rela ted , connected ,depending on ,
an adherent,dependent .
Connections , relations , adherents .
To become Open,cheerful or relieved o f
sorrow .
To Open .
Tired,fatigued , remaining behind .
Expanding,Opening .
Plague,pes tilence .
To prevai l (a p lague) .
An unh ealthy climate or atmosphere . a
crime,fau lt , pest , plague , misfortu n e ,
ruin,vexation
,painful
,vexatious .
To be a p lague to one .
Bu rdensome to li fe .
A promise,a vow .
A pers on who does not keep his promise .
Breach of promise .
T O evad e a p romise or agreement .
Punctual , tru e to one’s word .
To fulfi l one ’s promise,to keep fa ith .
Love,friendship .
A val ley .
D eposit , tru s t .
D eath , depositing one’s l i fe .
Loving,an epithet of the deity .
Performing a promise , observation o f
faith,sincerity
,fidelity , su fficiency .
Faithless.
Faithful,sincere .
S incerity,
fidelity .
Faithful .
Faithful,practising good faith .
F ideli ty , sin ceritv.
D eath , d ecease .
S incere,honourable
,entire , complete ,
plentiful,numerous .
288 GLOS SARY o r IN D IAN TERMS .
Wahsh-i
-yana
Wa‘id
-kash
Wain-
ia o r wrran
Wairan or wrran-a . .
-i-ma f asil
(p l . Wfij ibfit )
W‘
ajih h ona
u-l-ad’
a .
n-l
-kat l .
-t-t az‘im
t-ta‘z ir.
u l-W uj fid .
Waka’i‘(p l . of waki’a‘)
naris-niga
'
r
-nigar-i
Wakalat .
complaint,
Im p ressing wi th horror frightful .
Aghast,terrified .
Wild,savage
,a wild bea st .
Savage-l ike,ru s tic .
Threa tening o r predicting anything bad ,promising anything good .
Calamity,reprisal
,revenge .
Vindictive .
D esolated , laid waste , depopulated , ruined .
A solitude , a desolated or desolate place .
D esolation,depopulation
,destruction ,
desert p laces .
A preacher .
D isease , pain,affl iction
,
mourning.
R heumatism .
Ecs tacv,rapture
,excessive love
,Opulence ,
discovering,procuring
,finding .
Cause , reason , mode , manner , way , face,visage , appearance , sem blance , ( in Pars .
and Hind . ) wages , salary , money .
Mode o f li ving , state of circumstances .
Allowance,pension
,salary .
N ecessary , expedient , proper, worthy ,convenient , j us t , reasonable .
Things necessary o r expedient .
To be necessary,who rthy , proper.
N ecessary to be discharged (du ties) .
F i t to be represented .
D eserving death .
Worthy O f respect and atten tion .
Punishable .
God (whose exi stence is n eces sarv) .
Fine looking,conspicuous .
N ews , events .
An intelligencer .
The office of an intelligencer .
Embassy,agency
,deputation , attorneyship .
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
d ena
Wakfi ya t
( p l . wari‘at ) .
navis
Wakt ( p l . aukat )ba-wakt
be-wakt
d ek hna
gu z arna
i-naz uk
ki tna
ka paband
289
A power of attorney.
By delegation .
S tanding, s topping, unders tanding , tran
quilli ty , firru n ess , constancy , permanency ,a legacy for pious u ses ,
'
an endowmen t
for public charity .
D elay , choking,stopping
,retarding
,
respite , vacancy.
To grant an ex tension of time,an ad
jou rnmen t .
The boo k in which legacies fo r pious
uses are regis tered .
Befalling , happening , occurring , arriving ,appearing .
Accidents , events , occurrences , intel ligence .
In fact,truly .
Event,intelligen ce
,news , death .
An intelligencer .
Acquainted,experienced
,in telligent
,know
ing , learned , sensible .
Experienced,intelligent
,a connoisseur .
Experience,in telligence , knowledge .
Experience , kn owledge , in tel ligence .
An agent,ambassador
,representative ,
pleader,attorney
,deputy .
A plenip otentiary , a vicegerent invested
with full powers .
To appoint an attorney .
Fees o f an attorney .
D ignity,honour
,character , mild , modest ,
sedate .
Time,season
,Opportunity , adversity .
From time to time .
In season or out of sea son , constantly .
To look out o r wai t fo r an Op p ortu nitv .
To ki ll time .
Critica l,delicate
,hard times .
To pass away the time .
Punctual .
290 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Wfi lid
Wfilih
W'
a-p as
raklm a
At the proper,exact time
To s ufl'
er misfortunes,to be distres sed .
F inding an Opportunity .
( in comp ) , agent , keeper , man ,inhabitant
,
master , lord , possessor , ( as D il li
inhabitant o f D ill i : gh ar-W’
ala,mas ter
or keeper of a house ; h one-wala, be
coming , about to be ; n aw-wala, boatman .
Exalted in dignity , sublime , high .
O f exalted dign ity .
Of high dignity .
High in rank or dignity .
A son,Offspring .
A son of a whore,an earthworm .
A prince,l ord , master, friend , saint , a
servant,a slave .
An heir,a locum t enens
,vicegerent .
Heritage .
An assistant,protecto r .
A title o f respect by which a father i s
addressed,patron
,benefactor .
A father .
A mother .
Parents .
D istracted,mad with love , s tu p efied ,
astonished .
Howling,lamenting
,a tumult , noise ,
uproar,fervour
,ardour
,pining .
D ebt,credit
,lending
,borrowing , colour .
Behind , afterward , then,again
,back ,
returning .
To come back , to be returned .
To return,restore , give back .
To take back .
To get back .
To detain , reta rd .
Latter,last
,hin dmost .
A blow,wound .
tO CD
[0
Warz ish
k arna
0
0 . 0
0 0 .
0
O . 0 O .
. 0
o 0 0 0
O .
0
O
O 0 0 .
Wa sk
GLOSSARY O F INDIAN
karnE Q O C O O Q 0 0 0 0 0 O
Wasl-i . .
TERMS .
To be victorious .
Heritage,bequest .
A labyrinth , whirlpool , embarrassment ,any situation O f danger and diffi cu lty .
Abstinence , sobriety , custom ,habit
,gain
,
labour,exertion
,exercise .
To go through athletic exercises .
Mediation,channel
,medium
,means .
T he midd le , centre,middling
,central
,
suitable , ju st , proper , excellent , great ,magnificent .
Midd ling , neither long nor short pro
n n n ciation .
Space,extent , power , means
,lei sure
,
convenience,Opportunity , ease .
Means,media t ion , medium .
Praise,encomium , merit. vi r tue , worth ,
description,description of qualities .
To praise,describe .
To possess any good qualItv
Extensive,large
,Spacious .
An executor , adminis trator o f a will , a
precep tor .
A last will and testament , precept , man
date,making a will .
A last wi ll or testament .
The thresh old o f a hou se .
F irm , steady , strong , confident , binding ,
Ob ligatory .
F irmness,sol idity
,confidence
,faith , a
bond,obligation
,written agreement .
Affinity,propinquity
,cause
,conj ecture
,
support,prop ,
means of effecting anything ,patronage .
A client,dependent .
Clientship , dependence .
Confidence,trusting in .
Meeting , union , conjunction .
To unite,paste , conjoin , annex .
Copulati ve , conjunctive , paper or other
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Wasmat .
( p rop . wa sita , a med iat or,mean s
,med ium
,motive) .
Waswas .
Wa tad or watid
Wat an . .
dos t
dushman .
( h ubb-i-wa tan)
Watar
Wati .
Wat ira
wa w ail a
karna
Wa‘z
293
materia l pasted together for the purpose
o f p ractising writing on .
0
Th e leaves of woad or indigo (with an
extract from which the natives stain
their beard s,cloth , a hairwash .
S tained with wasma.
D ressed in cloth s s ta ined with wasma .
R eproach , disgrace , crime , sin,fault
,
torpor,languor .
An impassioned sty le in p oe trv .
V . Wasa t .
Account , sake , cause , reason .
R elation by blood or marriage .
To bea r upon,concern .
On account of, for the sake , in behal f.A reed of which pens are made .
’
The temptation of th e devil , distraction
of m ind,doubt
,suspense
,hesitation
,
apprehension,dread
,perplexity
,super
s t itio n ,scrupulousness .
Temptation,evil suggestion .
D oubtful , causing suspense , distracting,apprehensive
,scrupulous .
A peg , p in .
N ative country ,country residence
,abode
,
home .
A patriot , a friend to one’s country .
A t raitor , an enemy to one’s country .
Patriotism .
Belonging to one ’s country .
A necessary thing,necessity
,use .
Kick ing , treading under foot .
A pa th , way , manner , habit , cus tom .
Lamentation,bewailing
,alas !
To wail,cry o u t , make a noise .
Open .
Admonition , advice , exhortation , preaching
sermon .
94 G LOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Wa z‘
i-h am l
( Sh a rif-o-wagi‘)W azifa
Wazrh .
karn z—r
Wazir (p l. Wu z ara. )
u-l-m amfilik .
Wazir-i
Waz n
0 0 0 0 0 0
Wa z n-i
Wazu
( p rop . wu gu) .
Wida‘
ka rna
Wit ak
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
To preach .
S ituation , state , cond ition , manner , mode ,procedure
,position
,conduct .
S tyl ish , elegant .
Abortion,miscarriage .
To deduct , to subtract , to found .
A n in ventor,founder .
Ignoble , bas e , plebe ian , low ,a deposit
,
t rust , anything committed to the care
of another .
N obles and plebeian s .
A pension,s tipend
,salary
,stipulated
allowance,a daily performance or task ,
anyth ing agreed on,a daily lesson from
the Ku ran .
A pensioner , a h older Of a scholarship .
Evident,apparen t
,manifes t
,clear.
To be known .
To explain .
A minister of state .
The grand w az ir .
The Office of a minister of state .
Weight , weighing , measure , metre , rhyme ,reputation , esteem , honour , examina tion .
T O weigh , measure .
To be weighty .
Heavy,weighty .
The ablution performed by Mu salma n s
before prayer and consisting in fi rst
washing the hand s and inside the mon t h ,
then throwing water on the forehead,
afterwards washing the face , arms , and feet .
Farewell, adieu , bidding farewell .
To bid fa rewell .
Concord,harmony , good understanding ,
unanimity .
Attack in ba ttle , engagemen t .
F riendship,sway .
296 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
O O O O O O O O O O
h ona
karna
p an a
Wu z ara
Wn su
Wu pr—Ilj
ana-ash bakhair
-awa ri
bird .
dash t .
-dih
dilana
-faram osh
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plunder , booty , spoil .
A kind of Hindu sacrifice .
Arrival , conjunction , acquisition or
m ea t ( of anything desired) .
To get , receive , to be arrived .
To collect .
To realize , to receive .
pl . of wazir, gm.
V . wazu .
Evidence , proof.
( in comp os .) F inder , finding,gettin g .
A finder,
finding .
A pony .
A beggar .
Mem ory,recollection .
To come to mind , to recu r.
An expression referring to an absent friend
R emembrance .
A keepsake .
A memorandum .
A putter in mind .
To remind .
N ame Of a game .
A memorial , memento .
A keepsake,token .
A hand,handle, aid assi stance , power ,
vigour,benefi t
,serv we .
Perquisite,earnings
,profi t
,income , fees .
S ingly .
Kind red,Single
,sole
,singular
,unique
,
incomparable, agreed
,unanimous .
S ingularity,unity
,concord
,unanimity ,
conjunction,union .
S ingu larity,excel lence
,concord , u namitv.
Solitariness,kindred .
Yah fid
YahudiYah fidiya
Yam-mainYak
0
GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 297
0 0 0 .
0 0 0 .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
A Jew,a Hebrew
Judea .
Gog and Magog .
One,a,an .
A few .
All at once, immediately , once .
A handful , all at once , prompt payment .
Successively,al l at once .
A horse pressing on one rein .
Some l ittle,some little time
,some time .
One-poled (a tent) .Entire
,u niform
,even (cloth ) , altogether .
One another .O f one heart and mind .
Single,the ace at card s .
Consistent (a writer) , all , tota l , at once ,entirely
,altogether .
All at once,altogether
S ingle , soli tary ,a single child (without
brother or Si ster) .
A sword blade made of one piece of steel .
Unanimity,friendship .
Talking consistently .
One breathing,one moment .
Going o n the same road .
Of one colour,sincere , Simple , uniform .
S incerity,simplicity
,uniformity.
Unanimous .
Unanimity , friendshi p .
Equal,alike
,the same
,level , parallel ,
conformable .
All at once , altogeth er .
Asid e .
298 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 O -0 QO . 0
0 . Q 0 .
0 . 0
0 0 O
0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
o 0 0
bfish-I
Collected , assembled together .
Unit .
I ce .
Gravy , sauce , stew.
A kind o f p u lfi’o (a dish of flesh and
rice) , prepared with gravy .
Certa inty,truth .
To ascertain .
To believe .
Certainty,infal libility
,truth , certain
,
indisputable .
A veil,cloak or sheet
,worn over the
head and shoulders , o f one breadth
without a seam .
Jacob .
The first day Of the month .
A ruby .
Of or relating to the ruby,name O f a
medicine .
A horse’s mane .
A hero,a brave man
,corpulen t
,robust .
Un co nfin ed,extended , spread , at ease .
The longest night of the year .
S eason,time
,weath er .
Muh ammadan dialect or words , night .
The angel of death .
N ame of a rigini or musica l mode .
Arabia Felix .
A nything belonging to Arabia Felix , a
cornelian .
An oath,the right hand .
The righ t and left wings of an army .
via , namely , to wit .
A friend,a lover
,paramour
,an assistant
,
a companion .
To maka a friend of, to form a friendship .
To be friendly with .
Voluptuous , s ensual .
Sensuali ty .
300 G LO S SARY O F IN D IAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Zaban speech,
Zubfin
Zaban-awar-band k a rna .
b a rhana
chalana
dfibke k ahna
dfibnfi . .
dalna .
The day of j udgment .
D aily , the daily food .
Absurd , vain , futile , lost, ruined .
To talk nonsense .
An absu rd ta lker .
Absurdity , talking nonsense , babble .
An assistant , coadjutor , a friend , com
panion .
Aid,friendship
,favour .
N ame Of a city in Persia, God.
Go d .
D ivine .
A hero,warrior
,brave fellow .
F igh ting,battle .
Fit,proper
,proj ect
,contrivance
,
Ionia,Greece .
A Grecian .
The Greeks .
Jonah .
Assault,s torm , invasion .
The patriarch Joseph .
Young .
A pan ther .
The tongue,language
,dialect
,
flame (O f a candle ,Eloquent
,voluble .
T O hush , Si lence .
To chatter,pra ttle .
To abuse .
T O detrac t in whispers .
To ho ld one ’s tongue .
To ask,to put a question .
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 0
0 . 0 0
0 i
. O O O
0 .
0 O
O 0 0 0 0 0 O o o
0 C 0 a .
0 0 . O
o . o o o o o o0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Q O . 0 0 .
TERMS . 301
Skil led in language , a poet , a linguist .
Abusive .
Abuse .
To give abu se .
To p romise .
To s peak.
To speak foo lishlv or inconsiderately .
To interrupt .
To speak out .
To stammer .
To stop one , to criticize .
To cqu ivo ca te ,to retract , to eat one
’s
words .
T O speak , to say , to mention .
T O ta ste .
To p ronounce , utter , speak .
To be uttered .
Public , on men’s tongues .
To become current,to pass into an id iom .
F lame (particularly of a candle) .
Language , words of the mouth , traditional ,verbal
,by the tongue .
Above,superior
,the vowel point ( f ) pro
n oun ced a .
Vigorous , violent , Oppressive.
Violence,Oppression .
T o Op p ress , to force .
T O have the upper hand .
To Opp ress .
A sacrifice,slaughter .
To sacrifice,
.to slaughter , to ki ll an imals
for food,agreeably to th e Mu h amma
dan law .
A deer .
Sacrificed,a sacrifice .
A name O f Ismfi" il,the son
'
Of Ibrfihim,
who , and not I saac , (according to Ma
salmans) was Offered as a sacrifice by
his father .
302 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
II-l-lxrrll . .
0 O O
o 0 o
O 0
0 0 0 0 0
' 0 0 0 0 0
A sacrificer, a butcher .
A governor,master
,possesso r.
Omnipotent (God) , lord of all .’
Canon,ordinance
,law
,rule
,regulation .
Criminal procedure .
Civi l procedure .
Government , direct ion ,d iscipline
,regu
lation,check
,control
,po ssession .
To take possession , to rule over , to watch .
preserve,restrain
,control .
R egulation,management .
Bad,i l l
,unlucky
,wicked .
Vileness,wickedness .
The psalms of D avid .
( in comp os .) Born , a son , a child .
fidmi-zad,a man
,born of man ;
p ari-z ad , born of an angel o r fairy a
beautiful woman ;shah-z fida
,a prince ;
i,a princes s .
S tricken,affected , smitten , arrayed (used
in comp os .)
Fit o r deserving to be stricken , k il led .
N ative land , birth-place .
Provision s of travell ing,way charges .
Beating .
Sudden death .
Victory .
Victorious .
Victory .
Saff ron .
O f saffron,saff ron-coloured , yellow ,
a
yellow colour,a surname sometimes
adopted by African and Portuguese Jews .
Copperas,vitriol .
Alum .
A crow .
A kite .
Leaping or springing up,sally
,fligh t , levitv
304 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN T ER MS .
Zaigh am .
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
kish tkar
Zak or z ik .
Weak,infi rm
,impotent
,emaciated
,feebl
frail, O ld .
Weakness , emaciation .
Biting,a lion .
Tasting .
The sense Of ta sting , the palate , rel ish ,taste .
Knowing in taste .
The Ski rt O f a garment, th e train of a
robe , the last, hinder , o r supplementary
part o f anyth ing,train , retinue , the
sequel,a list o f particular s mentioned
in a letter,tha t which follows or i s
annexed,an appendix .
Connected,related .
A sub-cultivator .
D eficient , failing , perishing , vanishing .
Ornament,adorning .
A .visi tant , a pilgrim .
An Olive .
V . z ag .
Injuring,deceiving
,d isappointing , inj ury ,
deception .
To put to Shame .
To be ashamed,to suff er loss .
Vivacity,acuteness o f genius , penetration ,
( zuk’
a,the sun) .
The chin,the bea rd ( chah-i-zakan) , a
d imple in the chin .
Alms,a p ortio n of a Mu sa lman ’
s property
given in charity agreeably to the ru les
laid down in the Kur’an .
Brightness O f genius , acutenes s .
Probity , purity , ingenuity .
Victuals,provisions, treasures , stores .
Thickness , bigness .
Overflowing,raging ( the sea) .
A wound,sore , scar , cu t .
A morta l wound
T O be wounded .
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN
Zalal
l o
Zarnfid
TERMS .
To suppurate (a wound) .
To become a sore .
A deep wound .
Wounded , slain .
Acute , ingenious , fiery , flaming .
O f a splendid genius .A thorny tree so called . _
O ld, decrepid , grey-haired (man or woman) ,the name of the father of R ustam, and
son of Sa'
m,son of N arimfin . He was
call ed zal-i-z ar,because he was born
with white hair like that c f an old man,
and a red (of golden hue) countenance .
Error , fault , vice , ruin , perd ition .
An error.
Erring,b lundering
,stumbling
,falling ,
deficiency,loss .
M eannes s , baseness . .
Abjectness,obsequiousness .
D arknes s
T he name o f Po tip liar’
s wife.
Shady .
Abj ect , submissi ve , mean , contemptible,
base , wretched .
To be disgraced .
To debase .
A tyrant , tyrannical .
Tyranny , Oppression .
A prompt,ready , an eloquent tongue .
An error,a vice .
S traying , a prevaricator .
A leech .
Cruel , most oppressive , tyrannical .
An earthquake .
speaking from belief,vanity
,arrogance .
A bandage or fi llet for binding the head
or a wound .
306 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TER MS .
0
Zamiin at-nfima .
l amb ( p l .
Zamb ak
0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o
0 . 0 0
o . o A
Zam’
in
-bo s
-d§ r 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
plur . O fwzamir,
Time , an age , the -world , fortune, the
heaven s , ten se ,
To get experience .
F o rtunate .
A turn-coat , time-server .
Turning with the tide .
To turn with the tide, to temporize .
Bail,surety .
Security,bond .
A crime , sin , fault .
N ame of a flower , the W hi te j asmine: a
lily or an i ris .
A basket,purse
,wal let .
A hornet,bee
,a vice , nippers , forceps .
A hornet , large bee , the poin t of a mu sicaP
instrument called in Hindi Kin gri (a
sort of fiddle) , a small gun .
A smal l gun .
A fusileer .
Cold , intense cold .
Intensely cold .
Addition, thingin co rpo rated incorporation ,
an appendix,supplement , extra .
A surety,sponsor, - security , bail .
To give a surety .
To become bail , t o guarantee, engage for
another .
Surety,bail .
To admit as bail .
The earth,ground
,soi l
,a region , country ,
the ground of a picture.
To make a profound bow . .
A landlo rd , one who holds ground subj ect
to the payment o f the Government. reve
nue . (Practi ca lly , the Indian Government
are the owners or landlords of the soil ,and they can confiscate the estates of
such z amindars , who fail to pay the
revenue) .
308 GLOS SARY O F INDIAN TERMS .
Zanfir
Zanka
Zau l-IQ O O O Q C O O O O Q O
An adulterer, a whoremonger .
A whore , strumpet, an adultres s .
D ry ginger .
A cuckold .
Cuckoldom .
A chain .
Chained , in chains , a prisoner.
A little woman .
Suspicion,j ealousy
,Opinion
,impression
,
notion,conj ecture .
Suspicious , sceptical .
Supposed .
The knee, t h e lap , the hip .
D esire,wish
,a groan
,lamentation
,afflicted
,
groaning,lamenting .
Lamenta tion .
Emaciated , ( in comp os .) i t implies place ,multitude ; as , gu l-zfir, a garden of roses .
Gold , rich es , wealth , money .
Gil t, plated wi th gold .
Brocade , gold tis sue .
Woven in gold,embroidered .
Brocade,cloth of gold .
W ealthy .
Fond of money, covefou s .
Embroid ered .
Embroidery .
A goldsmith .
The business of a goldsmith , a kind of
dialect .
The yellow stamina of a rose .
R eady money .
Collections , revenue .
Purchased (as a slave) .
R ich (a country), producing gold and
sil ver .
Gi lt , an electroplater .
Gi lding .
Zarar
dena .
-i sh adid .
rasiini
l a rd-gosh .
( p l . gu rfi f )
-i-zaman .
Zar
z arif O O O Q Q O O O O
GLOS SARY OF INDIAN TERMS .
Q . D
O . O
C 0 O
0 0 . O .
C
309
Beauty , politeness , elegance , galla ntry ,wit
,humour
,jocularity .
By way of j oke .
Inju ry,damage
,detriment , lo ss , ruin ,
afiiiction ,anguish .
To inj ure,hurt .
Grea t injury .
Causing injury,annoyance .
A blow,beating
,violence
,multiplication
( in arithmetic) , striking,stamping ,
coining (money) , struck .
To co in,multiply.
A proverb , a Saying .
To strike,to hammer .
To suff er loss or damage .
The mint-o ffice .
V . under Zar.
Yellow,pale
,livid .
A kind of p ul'
a’o,dressed with saffron .
A carrot .
An apricot .
Wealthy .
Yellow wood,turmeric (Curcuma longa) .
Hypocritica l,malignant .
Yel lowness, the y oke o f an egg .
The name of a bird .
Yellow,bash ful .
Bashfn l .
Bash fulness .
Ingenuity,elegance
,politeness
,a vase,
vessel,ingenious
, ( in grammar) an adverb .
Adverb of p lace .
A dverb of time.
Anything woven with gold thread .
A m anufacturer of gold thread .
Crying,Sighing
,groaning
,lamentation
supp lica tion , crying fo r help .
Ingenious,polite , gallant , good , elegant ,
witty , j ocose .
310 GLOS SARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
Zar
yat O Q O O O O Q C O Q
Iuera n
A rai ling or lattice~work surrounding a
temple or tomb .
Turning the eyes, ( in hypocrisy ,
fraud,detraction .
Gla re , glitter , Show,Splendid cloths
,
Splendour .
Arsenic , orpiment or (y ellow sulphuret
o f a rsenic) .
An atom , a particle , a littl e .
A little .
A very little .
Golden .
The name of a bird,the sun .
N ecessary , expedient , unavoidable , th e
necessary ( thing).
To be necessary .
Force , violence , compulsion , restraint,
want,indigence
,necessity .
N ecessarily , of necess ity .
To have need of.
N ecessary .
(p l . N ecessaries .
Great lamenta tion .
To weep bitterly .
A mistress,po ssessor
, ( in Sana , equ iva
lent to jfit , caste , sect , tribe , class , race ,the essence ,
nature,soul
,substance) .
To give up one ’s caste or relinquis h the
benefits of one’s religion by eating with
a pers on of another caste , or not acting
in conformity with certain rules , als o
to give caste or receive a person into caste .
To deprive another of caste by touching
his food,even by al lowing one’s Shadow
to pass over the food . I f a member of
a caste be touched by a non-member,
t he former should immediately dives t
h imself of his clothing and bathe .
312 GLOS SA R Y o‘
r INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
hukm rab ufi
-p5i .
tajwiz
Zewar (p l.
Zhala
Zhazh
Zh inda
Zh olida
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Under,below
,inferior, lower , the vowel
point sounded like th e Ita lian 1.
The cloth or carpet spread under a hukka .
A martingale .
To be indebted , to undergo a great expense .
Expenses,burden s
,liabilitie s .
Powerles s , under command , a subject , a
vassal .
To be in subjection .
I narticulateness,mumbling .
Inarticulate , s lightly uttered (a word) .
Submissive,subjec t .
To overpower,to subdue .
Writing .
Topsy turvy,overturn ed , ruined rom
head to foot,from beginning to end .
S lippers .
Under consideration , sending .
Jewels , ornaments of gold , Si lver , 810.
D ew ,hoar-fros t
, hail .
Idle,trifling , o r indecent speech , a kind
of thistle .
A t rifler, one who Speaks obscenely .
A patched garment .
Formidable,rapaciou s , raging ( Sh er-i
z h iyan) , a fierce l ion .
Intricate , entangled .
Entangled hair .
A lord,master
, ( in comp os.) possessed
of,endowed with .
Endowed with l i fe,an animal .
The last Muh ammadan month of the year .
Sensible .
Endowed with wisdom .
A rational bein g .
Pos sessed of dignity .
Intelligent .
Quick sil ver .
In p lenty , sufficiently .
In as much as .
GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS . 3 13
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Zidd
Zih’
ar.
u-n-nafas .
Teasin g , check-mated .
The contrary,the opposite
,contrariety
,
Opposition .
To be ba ffled , rendered help less , to be tired of.
To baffle , defeat, to persist , to persevere .
To importune , press eagerly .
Contrary to each other .
Perverse , contra ry , unmanageable.
Leading the bride home , to her husband’s
house .
A bowstring , the border o r edge of
anything,th e co lla r or facing of a gar
ment,ex cellent ! bravo ! th roes o f ch ild
birth .
A bladder,the lower part o f the belly .
A formula of repudiation,or saying what
amounts t o , and has the effect o f a
regular d ivorce ; as , You aremvmother ,”
or,
“ I sucked the same breast as you .
A p enan ce i s requisite to do away with
the effect of such a speech .
The wom b .
Excellent ! bravo !
The name of the last month of the
Muh ammadan year (on the 10th day i s
th e festival o f bakar
Understanding,memory
,genius
,ability .
A subt il e genius .
To impress,to fi x on the mind .
To be impressed on the mind .
Astronomica l tables,a mason ’s rule .
Anguish,vexation
,melancholy
,affl iction
anxiety,doubt
,oppression of Spirit , or
any thing that tortures the min d .
Asthma .
V . z ak .
R emembrance,m emory , commemoration ,
mention,praise , fame , recital , relation ,
reading of the Kur’Tan and recita l of
the praise and n ames of God .
314 GLOS SARY or INDIAN TERMS .
Zik t k arna
-i-sub’
hani
u-l-lah
( !lama z il luh u or z illuh um)
Zil l
Zimmadar
h ona . .
Zimmadar-i
Zimme k arna
len a .
Zimu
To recite,mention .
A side , part , district, division , a column
in the page of a book , ( in Hin dustan ) ,the art of Speaking with double
meaning .
The o fficer in charge o f a district .
A fin e soft sound , the smal les t string of
a lu te , the treble in music .
Shadow .
Shadow o f God , a king , an emperor.
May his , or their , pro sperity continue .
Gentleness , ease .
Baseness , meanness , dishonour .
A bandage or fi ll et fo r binding the head
or a wound , a plaster , liniment,an
embrocation , ointment .
Trust,charge
,obligation
,subj ection
,d uty
,
ser vice,
fidelity,lineage .
R esponsible .
To be responsible , to be careful .
R esponsibi li ty,care , charge .
To give in charge .
To take in charge,to take care of.
The cover o f a letter , the contents ,anything comprehended , .
contained or
inserted,subj ect
,an idea , conception ,
surety sh ip,an obligation
,aid , favour ,
clause,section .
To include,take in .
Comprehen s ively,by th e by .
A saddle .
To saddle .
A saddler .
A cloth fastened over the saddle , housing .
A ladder,stairs , steps .
Adultery , fornica tion .
An adulterer,a fornicator .
Fornica tion,adu lterv.
To commit adultery .
31 6 GLOSSARY o r INDIAN TERMS .
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 Q
0 0 0 0 0 0
O
0 . O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1-fa l.rar
Zubd
Zubda
Zl—l d
0 0 0 0 0 0
Lo ss,damage
,deficiency
,injury
,hurt
,
harm .
Hurtful,inj urious .
Inj ury , hurtfulnes s .
To cause harm,hurt
,injury
,to injure .
Pi lgrimage , visiting .
To go on a pilgrimage .
R elating to pilgrimage .
F orce , strength , virtue, power , vigour ,violence
,effort
,weight.
Powerful,strong .
Power,force .
Trial of strength,wrestling .
To try one’s strength,to contend .
To have authority or influence.
S trong , vigorous .
To aid,support
,assist .
To show o ff one’s autho rity o r power .
To compel,to exercise
, to use eff ort , t o
exert one’s self.
To endeavour,stri ve , toil, struggle .
To be stretched,to be forced .
A lord,a master
, ( in comp os .) possessed
of,or endowed with .
A sword possessed by Mu hammad, and
afterwards by ‘A li.
Possessed o f glory , glorious .
Sudden death (by poison) .
D eadly venom .
V . z aban .
Th e best of anything, butter .
Quick,swift
,soon
,suddenly .
Irascible,soon irritated .
More Sp eedily .
Will al l Speed .
Infirmity , weakness , imbeci lity of mind
or body .
To faint,to fal l into a swoon .
I rritability of the bladder .
GLOSSARY o r IN D IAN TERMS . 317
0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
C
O O
O 0 .
Q . 0 0 .
Zuh fir .
h ona
men ana . .
mefi lana
-i-‘ambarin
-i-t § b-da'
r
-i-p areshan . .
Zul f-i
Zu-l-jalfiL
Zulm
Weak digestion,dyspepsia .
Breakfas t time, the part of the day between
sunris e , and the meridian (‘idu-z-zu ljfi,name of a festival celebrated on the
f 0th of z i-hijja when an animal
i s sacrificed in commemoration of A bra
h am’s o ff ering up of (according to
Musa lman s) h is son Ismfi‘il .
Continence,devotion
,abstinence .
D evout,continent .
plur . of zahid, gm.
Mid-day , or a little time after the sun
has passed the meridian , when it i s
most sultry .
The planet Venus .
Oblivion , forgetting .
Appearing,rising
,becoming V isible .
To arise , appear .
To arise,to come in sight .
To make apparent,to bring about.
R heum ,catarrh
,cold
,defiu x ion .
To take cold in the head .
Treasure, provisions , victuals , stores .
Pure , l impid , wholesome water .
The colic .
A curling lock,a rin glet , a wh isker .
Perfumed (with ambergris) locks .
Curling locks .D ishevelled locks .
A sword-knot,th e chain by which a
door i s fastened .
V . under z u .
A covering,anything shady , a cloud .
Oppression,injustice , injury , extortion .
To befal one (a misfortune) .
To Opp ress , tyrannize .‘
Tyrannical,tyrant
,Oppressor .
Op pressed .
31 8 GLOS SAR Y o r INDIAN TERMS .
Zun'
fi b (p l . of
Zunnar . .
Za rara .
Zurfif . .
(p l . of Zarf . gm.)
D arkness .
A dark place where th e water o f imm o r
tality is said to be .
Oppressive,tyrannical
,unjus t .
Oppression .
A troop , group , crowd , mul ti tude .
Crimes,s ins
,faults .
(From Gr. Cowdgro r) , a bel t, the Brah
manical thread,a Hindi rosary .
A lie,falsehood
,adulteration '
,a false
deity,an idol .
Particles scattered from anything pounded .
Vessels,adverb .
320 TERMS U SED IN OFFIC IAL DISTRICT WORK,N . w . P . AND O .
Chaff,husk
,bran .
About two-thirds (3) of an acre .
One-twentieth ( 1227) of a bigh'
a z kat t h a .
One-twentieth ( 1310) of a hiswa.
D akhil a
D akhila bahi
D a rb'
ar
D as tak
D ep uty Inspecto r Of S chools
D is tr ict Board
Agricultural year .
The revenue year .
G .
An into xicating drug ( the hemp plant) .
Earthenware water-pot .
A bathing or landing place .
C .
Compact .
D efining or marking the!
boundaries of
an estate .
N otice o f remittance,clearance .
A preparation o f opium for smoking .
Messenger,servant
,peon .
A n intoxicating drug made from hemp .
Village watchman .
Landed proprietor’s o ffice .
Bamboo blind .
One-Six teenth ( 11g ) part of a seer or gthof a pound .
D ay labourer .
Code of C riminal Procedure .
D .
R eceipt .
R eceipt register .
A public reception .
Writ of demand .
D epartmental official in charge of district
schools .
Elected Committee for Local Government .
TERMS U SED IN OFFIC IAL DISTRICT WO R K , N . w . P . AND O . 321
H .
An earthenware bo wl .
Hindi The indigenous vernacular of Upper India .
J .
R ent ro ll .
O fficer o f peons or messengers .
Jin swar See Khasra Jin swar.
Kabiiliya t
R abgu-l-wusiil
Kharif
Kharij az Siyahii
Kh asr'
a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Q
Kulliya t
Lam barda r R epresentative of revenue payers . ( Lil .
number-keeper) .
Brass d rinking pot ; a pipkin .
K .
Counter part o f a lease . (A written
agreement) .
Acquittance roll , receipt , ackowledgmen t .
N odular l imestone .
S traw ( th e s talk of jo’fir of 115e (Horeu s
sorgum and spica tu s) .
Autumn harvest.
Sums outside the public accounts .
Field regis ter,a vi llag e account .
Crop outturn register .Abstract of account.
Sub-d ivision of fields .
R egister o f proprietors , record of village
shares .
Instalment .
Sett lement of the revenues or taxes by
insta lment.
A measure of distance , about two miles .
General , miscellaneous , total , universality .
32 : TERMS USED IN OFFIC IAL DI N . w , P . AND o .
Madak
Mfilgu z ar
Mau nd
(p rop erly Mani)Mauza
‘(mouza) .
Milan
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
Monsoon
anglicefrommau sim (seaso n )
O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N at h is
( fromnat hi, the stringby Whicli papers are
s trung to leather) .
N a zfirat
N u z fi l
Assistant , deputy . .
T he 'dep u ty trea surer or accountan t .
Separate : bundles o f record s .
Office of N fiz jr.
Office superintendent , in law , a court
O ffi cer,s heriff“
Immovable property ofGovernment ( strictly
in a po litical sense) .
M .
A preparation of opium for smoking,
( p roperly betel-leaf mixed with.
opium) .
Land revenue payer .
Land revenue ; ground-rent .
Gardener , florist,adj . belonging to p rop
erty , financial .
S tore-room .
A measure o f weight Containing (90) eighty
pounds .
Village .
Sum , correspondence , comparison , col
lection .
A record . Lil ; similitude .
F i le, register .
Clerk .
R ainv'
season .
An estate on which th e land revenue i s
remitted .
Power-o f-attorney .
’ O ffice superintendent ; bead C lerk-of a cou rt .V ernacular office .
Change o f proprietor ’s name in register .
324 TERMS U SED IN OF F ICIAL DISTRICT WORK, N . w . P . AND O .
'l‘ai
'i ( toddy)
T erai.
(p rop erly tarfi’i,a marsh
,
or meadow.)
Police station .
The vernacular of India subsequent to
Urdfi-i-mu‘al lfi, the royal th e Muh ammadan conquest
,literally ;
camp or army , generally an army or camp, (a Turkish word) .
means the city of D ihli or
Shfihjahfinfibfid,and urdfi
i-mu‘alla ki z aba
'
n,the
cou rt language .
W .
0Land revenue accountant.
(hisiib-n avis) ( collection s and balance).
Zamin dfir
T he n atives make an incision in th e tree near th e top , and fas ten underneathearthen vessels in to which th e juice drop s during the n ight. T he liquor, thusobtained, having a sligh tly sub-acid flavou r, is peculiarly grateful and refreshingin the early morn ing . It acquires it s in to x icating p roperty when kep t for some
time and allowed to ferm en t .
T .
A subdivis ion o f a district ( especia l ly for
revenue purposes) .
The officer in charge of a T ah sil
Sub-trea surer .
Cash-keeper .
S tate loans for agricultural improvements
( assisting particularly , tenants) .
A summons .
Proces s fees .
To pay witnesses fee s .
An into xica ting d rink made from palm
t rees .
Low ly ing land .
TERMS APPLIED T o LABOURERS , N . w . P . AND O . 325
GLOSSAR Y of TER MS applied to Labou rers, in the N . W .
P. an d Oudh revised from a very interesting pamphlet , enti t led OurD i ffi culties and Wants” by the late S . M. Hossain ( a distinguished
student at the Cirencester Agricultural College , who held an importan t
post in the Agricultural D epartment of N orthern India) .
A hir Keeper of cows and seller ofmilk,butter
,&e .
Agricultural tenants .
F irework maker .
D ruggist .
Butcher dealing in mutton . (These words
signifying bull goat are loca lly applied) .
Baniy‘
a or Bakk'
al Shop keep ers (also corn-grower) .
Bharbh unja , Bh uj,o r
Keeper of an oven (bhar) for parching
ch aben a .
if)
Ba r hai Carpenter .
Torch bearer (properly the name of a
Hin dfi caste who sell torch es,an d leaves
used as p latters) .
Beh n ii ( D h un yfi,or N addfif ) On e who prep ares cotton for Sp inning
and receives in exchange untwined thread .
Baker, or innkeeper .
Beld'
ar A member of a wandering tribe that vend
fuel carried on asses,also
,a pioneer
,
a digger .
Bhangi ( D om ,or Mih t ar) Sweepers and removers of ordure
,they
make baskets, Sup or ch h aj for cleaning
grain from dust,they play musical in
s trum en t s at weddings,their wives are
employed as midwives .
Chamar Tanners,they strip the skin from dead
cattle ( the flesh of which they eat) .
Ch it erii Carver (properly , a person who paints
flowers) .
Chikwa Ville . Bakar (a butcher who ki ll s only
goats,sheep
,kid s and lambs) .
Ch ab en a is th e ungroun d grain p arch ed in burn ing san d which alon e iseaten by m ore than th ree-fo urth s o f th e villagers for breakfast .
326 TERMS APPLIED T o LABOURERS,N .
'
w. P. AND O .
Ghar'iyar Makers of brace lets ( churiya) composed
( from ch firi, bangles or of sodium
,carbonate and sand .
rings made of gla ss , &c
and worn by women o n
the wrist .)D a rzi.
D h irka’
rl or Bfiiisp h or
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o o0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O
Jolaha
( from o'n a
,to j oin , to
mend) .
Kh ewat
Khatik
Kfich h'
i or Kurmi
( probably from Kapari) .
Kabary'
a or Kanj ra
O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Loniyfi from loni
Man ihfir ( from mani, a
gem,a j ewel) Vida Ch u riyar.
Via’e Bhangi.
Tailor .
Basket,box and chairmaker (of bamboo) .
Washerman .
Via’
e Beh n z—I.
Via’e Bhangi.
Shepherd .
A kind of Hin dfi fakir .
Bearer of the palanquin , they also keep
ferry boats like kewat s , and roast grain .
Vendor of sweetmeats and tobacco .
Weav ers .
A bearer ( especial ly of a p a laquin a caste) .
A ferrv-man , (he also , in some parts ,
makes salt) .
Principally engaged in selling fruit , and
vegeta bles making twine, &c . ,t hev also
work like p asis, g. v . ,and serve as guards
in the house s of zamindars .
Agriculturists ( the former are properly
gardeners who cultivate and sell pot-herbs) .
Greengrocer .
Via’e Bakar.
D ealers in beef.
Ville Jolfiha.
Brazier .
Po t ter.
Blacksmith .
In former times manufacturers of salt ,
thev now work on the roads , &c.
A PPE N D IX .
Mu h amma d a n C a le n d a r.
T he era from which Mussa lmans reckon corresponds wit h the
date o f their prophet’s fligh t ( called the Hijra) from Mecca to Medina .
This i s computed to have occurred on F riday,the l 6th of July
,
A D . 622 . Mu ssa lmans count time by lunar months , of which there
are twelve consisting of 354 day and nine hou rs , very nearly . Thei r
N ew-year’s D ay will thu s fal l ever y year abou t eleven days earlier
than in the preceding year .
In order to find the Christian year corresponding to that of the
Hijra,Forbes (aide G rammar p . 1 46) gives the following rule :
F rom the given number of Musalm‘
an years,deduct l/u'ee p er cen t
,
and to the remainder add the number the sum is the period
O f the Christian aera at which the given curren t Musalman year
ends— This very simple rule is founded on the fact that 100 lunar
years are very nearly equal to 97 sola r years,there being only about
eight days o f di ff erence . A more accurate proportion would be 1 0 !
lunar to 98 solar years,but thi s would lead to a less convenient
rule for practica l use .“When great accuracy i s required
,and when the year
,month , and
day of the Muh ammadan aera are given , th e precise period of the
Christian aera may be found very n earlv ,as follows : — R n le. Exp ress
the Musalm'
an date in years and decimals of a year ; multip ly by . 97;
to th e product add 62l . 54, and the sum will be the period o f the
Christian aera . This rule i s exact to within a few days,and if in
the Mu sa lman date the day O f the week i s given,as i s generally the
case , the very day i s easily determ ined .
“ The Muhammadan or lunar months are made to consist of th irty
and twenty-nine days alternately,but in a period of thirty years
,i t
is found necessary to intercalate the last month eleven times so as
to be reckoned thirty days instead of twenty-nine . The months
retain their Arabic names in all Muhammadan countries,as follows '
APPENDIX . 329
Lu n a r Mo n t h s
R ab i’n s-san‘
i
J 11d al-awwal a
J nmad-al-akhir
D a y s o f t
R a bi-bar.
Som-bar.
Manga l-bar.
Bndh-bar.
Brih asp a ti-bar.
Sukra-b'ar.
Sau l-bar.
H i n d i C a l e n d a n
The Hindus reckon by so lar years , and lnn i-so lar months . Their
rp rincipal aera is that of th e Kali-Yug , of wh ich th e year 4956~expired abou t the 1 1th of April , A D . 1 855, at w hich period their
rn ew year general ly commences .“ The Hindfi year is d ivided into twelve equal po rtions , which may
t he ca lled sola r months ; but al l festival s and dates are reckoned , notl by these simple months , bu t by th e duration of the moo n which'terminates in ea ch . Hence
,although the month Baisfikh begins de
. . jnre about the 1 1 th of April , it may have commenced de fact o from
o n e day to twenty-eight days sooner . When two new moon s occur
during one solar month,which happens once in three years , there is
an interca lary month,and the month so intercalated receives the name
" O f th e one which prece ded it, that i s , of the solar month withinvw hich the two new moons may happen .
Eksh an ba .
D o shan ba .
Sis hanba .
Ch aharsh an ba.
Pan ch sh an ba .
A din a .
Sh an ba or Haf ta .
330 APPENDIX .
Besid e the era o f the Kali-Yu g , the Hindiis in t he northern hal f
of India reckon from the time o f a renowned prince,by name
Vikramadit ya, ho lived (Or died) about 57 yeaIs before the com
m en cem en t of ou r era . Ano ther common era 15 that Of a prince
named which Commences 78 years a fter the birth of Christ “
“ Several other eras are.
In use In certain parts of th e cou n try,
'
f°
o r a
ful l acco un t o f .which the'
reader may consu lt a p Io fou nd work devoted
entirely to the subj ect , entitled Kal a San kal ita , 4 to . Madras,1 825.
m
The Hin dfi Solar .Mon t h s a re as
’
fc llows
Baisfikh Apri l—May . K‘
atik or Ka’
Irtik . . Och— N o v .
J eth May; June .
"
A g h an N o v.
—D ec .
A sarh'
. June— July . Piis D ec.
‘— Jan .
Sfiwan o r S’
arawan July—Auc . Magh . Jan .— Feb .
Bhadon A u g— S ept . 'Ph
'
agun , or Phalgun Feb.—March .
Asin or Kuar . S ept — Oc t . Cha it .i March— A pril
‘
Monetary Sys tem of Brit ish India .
Go ld Moh ur.
( N ow seldom used)
Calcut t a 51024
In former times,and still pa rtially u sed , small shells , ca lled cow ries ,
had an exchange value for fraction‘al p ayments . The Ban yfin s, or
32 APPENDIX .
In India , Brahmans are addressed as Mah'
arfij l, Great King l, Pande r
(which also signifies a schoolmaster , ) D obe, T iw’
ari or Ch aube (which
signifies a Brahman acquainted wi th the fou r Vedas, and though this
term,l ike Pandit , was originally applied to lea rned Brahman s
,
ignorant men o f this ca ste are still addressed as Chaubes and Pandits .
Mu salman F akirs are adres s ed with Pir or Sil f i or Shfih ; Hindli
devotees,with Sii’in or Qusfi’in o r Bhagat or Gurii ; R aj pu ts with
T hal'
m r and Singh or R fie. The two latter terms are also used amongSikh s. Mogu ls a re add ressed as Mirzfi o r B
’
ég , or A ghfi or Khwiijah ;Saiyids , with Mir ; Sh aikhs, wi th Sh aikh ; Pathan s, wi th Khan ; D oc
t ors with Ma lia or Maulavi o r Pan dit ; Merch an t s or Bankers , wi th
Seth or Sah . The most common terms of respectful address are
l lfihar'
aj , Jahfin Pariah ( R efuge of the world Your Majesty ! , Grea tKin g ! Khudfiwand, J i, Miyan or Siihib ; S i r ! , or Bfibfi
,L
'
til’
ti, o r
T hakur ; S ir i , Mas ter l,Worship ! .
Muhammad Ibrahim of Bombay laid down the following rules
respe cting the etiquet te to be observed in the u se o f th e pronouns .“1 . When the speaker and th e person whom he addresses are o f
the same rank,each should speak of himsel f in the singular numbe r,
and address the other in the second person plural .
2 . A person o f superior rank may speak himsel f in the singular
number,and add ress the oth er in the second person plural , but this
i s no t considered to be polite , nor i s i t thought correct to addres s .
even the lowes t rank in the singular number .“3. The pronouns o f the third person may be used in the singular
when speaking o f any person in thei r presence,unles s they be o f
superior rank,when they ough t to be Spoken of in the plural .
“ 4 . When one person of rank add resses another of t he same o r
superio r rank , or speak s o f him in his presence,i t i s most co rrect .
to make use of the respectful pronoun tip , or the grea t man’s ti tle
,
or some respectful ph rase, Khud
'
awand , your honour ; h u z rnt , honour,highness
,etc
, ,and the l ik e , with the third person plural ( of the
pronoun s and verbs) ; and when an inferior add resses a superior he
ough t at al l times to use s imilar expressions of respect , sui table to »
the rank o f the person addressed .
In writing letters,the pe rson add res sed is denoted , according to
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