TYBSC BT autonomous.docx - RJ College

Hindi Vidya PracharSamiti’sRamniranjan Jhunjhunwala College of Arts, Science & CommerceT.Y.B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus Semester V &VI

Hindi Vidya Prachar Samiti’s

Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala Collegeof Arts, Science & Commerce

(Autonomous College)

Affiliated to

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAISyllabus for the T.Y.B.Sc.

Program: B.Sc.

Course:Biotechnology

(Adapted from the Credit Based Semester and Grading System TYBSc Biotechnology

Syllabus of University of Mumbai 2019-20)

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SEMESTER V

Course code Course type Title Credits Lectures/week

RJSUBT501 Core subject Embryology and cancer biology 2.5 3RJSUBT502 Core subject Virology and bioanalytical

techniques2.5 3

RJSUBT503 Core subject Molecular biology 2.5 3RJSUBT504 Core subject Applied biotechnology 2.5 3RJSUACMT501 Applied component Microbiology, Hematology and

Clinical Pathology2.0 3

RJSUBTP501 Core subjectpractical

Practicals of RJSUBT501 &RJSUBT502

3.0 6



3.0 6

RJSUACMTP501 Applied componentPracticals

Practicals of RJSUACMT501 2.0 6

SEMESTER VI

Course code Course type Title Credits Lectures/week

RJSUBT601 Core subject Biochemistry 2.5 3RJSUBT602 Core subject Industrial microbiology 2.5 3RJSUBT603 Core subject Pharmacology and

neurochemistry2.5 3

RJSUBT604 Core subject Environmental biotechnology 2.5 3RJSUACMT601 Applied component Techniques and Automation in

MLT2.0 3



3.0 6

RJSUBTP602 Core subjectPractical +Skill based project


3.0 6

RJSUACMTP601 Applied componentPracticals

Practicals of RJSUACMT601 2.0 6

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SEMESTER VCourse Code Title CreditsRJSUBT501 Embryology and cancer biology 2.5Course objectives: To introduce students to Human embryonic developmentLearning outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:Gain knowledge about the cell multiplication and death at molecular level.

● Understand the molecules involved in cell signaling.● Gain an understanding of the basic concepts of events during fertilization and early

embryonic development.● Gain insight into the biology of cancer cells.

Unit Topic LecturesUNIT ICell Cycle

The Early Embryonic Cell Cycle and the Role ofMPF Yeasts and the Molecular Genetics of Cell-CycleControl,Apoptosis and necrosis. Caspases and target, factors thatregulate apoptosis in normal cells

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UNIT IICell Signaling

General Principles of cell communication: Introduction,Extracellular signal molecules binding to receptors, Forms ofintercellular signaling - Autocrine, Contact dependent,Paracrine, Synaptic and Endocrine.Role of gap junction in signaling response to multipleextracellular signal molecules; Morphogens, Lifetime ofintracellular molecule, Role of Nitric oxide and nuclearreceptors Binding reaction and role of Kd, Extracellularmessengers and their receptors, GPCRs RTKs, Secondmessengers, Role of Calcium, Calcium binding proteins

15

UNIT IIIDevelopmentalBiology

Human Embryonic development: Events during fertilization,in-vitro fertilization, Zona pellucida, glycoprotein, Oelemmaprotein and their role in fertilization, Molecular andbiochemical events during sperm function. Post fertilizationevents: early embryonic development, establishingmulticellularity, formation of blastula, embryonic germ layer

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UNIT IVCancerBiology

Cancer: Definition, Characteristics of normal cell andcancerous cell. Tumor- Benign and malignant, types of cancer,oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, invasion metastasis,angiogenesis, preventive measures for cancer

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SEMESTER VCourse Code Title CreditsRJSUBT502 Virology and bioanalytical techniques 2.5Course objectives: to acquaint the students with knowledge on virus cultivation,chemotherapeutic agents and bioanalytical tools used in biotechnology studiesLearning outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:

● Learn the different type of virus cultivation● Understand the development and mode of action of antimicrobial, antifungal and

antiviral drugs.● Get an insight into the various spectroscopic methods used in biological studies.● Understand the principle and applications of chromatographic and tracer techniques.

Unit Topics LecturesUNIT IVirology

Cultivation of dsDNA, ssDNA and RNA viruses, animalviruses and plant (TMV) virus, Virus purification andassays, Cytocidal infections and cell damage -Viroidsand Prions

15

UNIT IIChemotherapeuticDrugs

Development of chemotherapy, General characteristics ofantimicrobial drugs, determination level of antimicrobialactivity, mechanism of action of antimicrobial drugs, factorsinfluencing effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs, antibacterialdrugs, drug resistance, antifungal and antiviral drugs.

15

UNIT IIISpectroscopy

Principle, instrumentation, working and applications of:Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Luminometry, Light scatteringspectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy.

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UNIT IVBioanalyticaltechniques

Principle, working and applications of:Affinity chromatography, Ion-exchange chromatography,Molecular (size) exclusion chromatography, HPLC, GC,Isotopes in Biology - Nature of radioactivity; DetectionTechniques using GM counter, Scintillation counter,autoradiograph; Applications of Tracer techniques inBiology.

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SEMESTER VCourse Code Title CreditsRJSUBT503 Molecular biology 2.5Course objectives: To acquaint students with Genetic Engineering and gene sequencing.Learning outcomes:- By the end of the course the student will be able to:●Use molecular biology tools and techniques in the field of biotechnology.●Gain knowledge regarding recent developments in genome sequencing and editing.●Understand the basis of gene cloning and development of transgenic animals and plants.Unit Topics LecturesUNIT ITools inmolecularbiology

Cloning and Expresion vectors -pUC series plasmid, Cosmids,phagemids, M13, Shuttle vectors, YAC vectors, pET vectors.Enzymes in genetic engineering – Restriction endonucleases,Ligases, Alkaline phosphatase, Polynucleotide kinase,Terminal dideoxy transferase, DNA polymerase, Reversetranscripase, S1 nuclease.Gene cloning – Steps in gene cloning, Isolation andpurification of DNA; Isolation of gene of interest, restrictiondigestion, Blotting techniques, insertion of DNA in vectorExpression of cloned DNA molecules and maximization ofexpression.DNA libraries – Genomic library, chromosome walking andjumping, cDNA libraries,

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UNIT IIGenesequencingand editing

Selection of recombinant clones – Selection of clonescontaining recombinant vectors, Selection of the clonecontaining a specific DNA insert, Hybrid arrest translation(HART), Hybrid release translation (HRT).Sequencing methods - Maxam Gilbert’s method, Sanger’sdideoxy method, Automated DNA sequencing,Pyrosequencing;Genome editing - RNAi, ZNF (Zinc finger nucleases),TALENS (Transcription Activator Like Effector Nucleases),CRISPER/Cas system (Clustered Regularly InterspersedRepeats)

15

UNIT IIITransgenicanimals

Transgenic mice- Methodology- retroviral method,DNA microinjection, ES method, Applications of transgenicmice.The Cre-loxP recombination system, Transgenesis withHigh – Capacity Vectors.Applications of Transgenic Mice.Cloning live stock by nuclear transfer. Transgenic Livestock.Transgenic Poultry and Transgenic Fish.

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UNIT IVTransgenicplants

Applications of transgenic plants, Gene constructs, Vectors forproduction of transgenic plants,Transformation techniques – Agrobactrerim mediated genetransfer, Agroinfection, Direct gene transfersExamples of useful gene transfers – Insect resistant plant,virus resistant plants, herbicide resistant plant, stress andsenescence tolerant plants, Golden rice, Edible vaccines.

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SEMESTER VCourse Code Title CreditsRJSUBT504 Applied biotechnology 2.5Course objectives: To introduce the students to different fields of biotechnology and theirproducts that has commercial significance.Learning outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:●Gain insight in the field of marine biotechnology.●Gain knowledge regarding traditional fermentation processes in the fields of food and

beverage production.●Get an insight in the field of plant biotechnology and its applications.●Get an understanding of laws that govern Patent and Intellectual property rightsUnit Topics LecturesUNIT IMarinebiotechnology&Cosmetics

Introduction to Marine Biotechnology,Bioprospecting- Methods for bioprospecting in marineenvironment.Drugs from marine organisms; Pharmaceutical compounds-Marine toxins, antiviral and antimicrobial agents.Approved marine drugs; Marine natural products and itschallenges.Marine sources as healthy food or reservoirs of functionalingredients. Marine bioactive as potential Nutraceuticals,Fish collagen and Gelatin, Marine probiotics.Cosmetics – Definition and regulations, Cosmeceuticals,target organs and cosmetics delivery systems.Major functions of some marine components in cosmeticsand Cosmeceuticals.

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UNIT IIFoodbiotechnology

Fermentation of - Beer; Wine; Vinegar; Brewer’s andBaker's yeast, Fungal amylase by solid substratefermentation; Vitamin B12, SCP.

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UNIT IIIPlantbiotechnology

Secondary metabolites in plant culture - production and itsapplications, immobilization, hairy root culture, elicitors,induced production of secondary metabolites, effect ofenvironmental factors, biotransformation, protoplast cultureand somatic hybridization, cybrids. Applications andlimitations of somatic hybridization

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UNIT IVPatent and IPR

Patent: Process of patenting; patenting microorganisms,genes; plant breeder’s rights; patenting and biotechnologyresearch.Intellectual property rights (IPR): Protection of IPR inIndia, terminology associated with IPR – copyright,trademark, design, geographical indications and tradesecrets.Issue relating to IPR: Copyleft, traditional knowledge,biodiversity and biopiracy.

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SEMESTER VCourse code Title Credits

RJSUBTP501(Practicalsbased onRJSUBT501 andRJSUBT502)

1. Separation of components from a mixture using Affinitychromatography

2. Separation of components from a mixture using ionexchange chromatography

3. Separation of components from a mixture using Sizeexclusion chromatography

4. Validation of micropipette, measuring cylinder weighingbalance and colorimeter.

5. MIC and MLC of antibiotic6. Antibiotic sensitivity test using agar cup method7. Antibiotic sensitivity test using paper disc method8. Antibiotic sensitivity test using ditch method.9. Synergistic action of drugs.10. Chick embryo candling and inoculation methods.

3

RJSUBTP502(Practicalsbased onRJSUBT503 andRJSUBT504

1. Transformation in E.coli and screening by blue-whiteselection

2. Restriction enzyme digestion and ligation.3. Genomic DNA extraction from bacteria.4. Polymerase chain reaction.5. Immobilization of plant cells.6. Callus induction and cell suspension7. Isolation of Protoplast8. Bioassay of vitamin B129. Determination of acidity of vinegar.10. DPPH assay for antioxidant extracted from marine algae11. Extraction and estimation of Gelatin / Collagen.

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SEMESTER V (AC)Course Code Title CreditsRJSUACMT501 Microbiology, Hematology and Clinical Pathology 2Course objectives:-The objective of this course is to gain insight into Disease Factors and Processes and DiseasesCaused by Microorganisms.Learning outcomes:- By the end of the course the student will be able to:

• List the factors playing a role in causing a disease.• Discuss the various aspects of Systemic Infections including Causative Agents,

Symptoms and prophylaxis.• Gain the technical capability of handling, isolating and identifying various Bacteria.

Unit Topics LecturesUNIT IBacteriology

Guidelines for collection, transport, processing, analysis andreporting of cultures from specific specimen sources for -Infections of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, Urinarytract, genital tract, bones and joints, CNS, Wounds, abscesses andcellulites, Eye and Infections of the blood.

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UNIT IIMycologyandParasitology

Mycology: Laboratory approach for diagnosis of fungalInfections- Specimen collection and transport, processing, directexamination, preparation of mounts for study, selection andinoculation of culture media, incubation of fungal cultures;Identification of Candida.Parasitology: Overview of life cycles of parasites. (Entoamoebahistolytica, Ascaris, Plasmodium spp, Giardia lamblia) Collection,transport and processing of specimens.

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UNIT IIIHematology

Collection of blood, AnticoagulantsStructure, function and life span of blood cells; Abnormal forms ofRBC; Abnormalities of WBC's; Hemoglobin: types-normal &abnormal, Types of anemia.Blood bank: human blood group system, Rhesus blood groupsystem and immune antibodies, clinical significance of bloodtransfusion,; collection and processing of blood for transfusion.

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UNIT IVClinicalPathology

Routine urine analysis - composition of normal urine, routineexamination of urine.Routine stool analysis – Importance of stool examination,collection of fecal specimen, physical examinationSpecimen collection, lab examination and clinical significance ofCSF and gastric juiceSemen analysis, clinical significance, specimen collection,physical examination, microscopic examination, spermmorphology – normal & abnormal, chemical examination.Examination of sputum – Collection, examination – physical,chemical and microscopic

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PracticalsSEMESTER V

Course code Title CreditsRJSUACMTP501 1. Identification of Candida albicans.

2. Identification of Malarial parasitic forms in bloodsmears.

3. Study of media used in identification of pathogenicorganisms.

4. Study of transport media.5. Isolation and characterization of bacterial

pathogens-a. S. aureusb. E.colic. K. pneumoniaed. Pseudomonas spp

6. VDRL test7. Blood collection8. Hemoglobin estimation: acid hematin and drabkin's

method.9. Total RBC & WBC count10. Differential WBC count11. ESR and PCV12. Red cell indices13. Bleeding time & clotting time14. Blood grouping ABO and Rh typing15. Cross matching16. Physical, Chemical, Microscopic examination of Urine

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SEMESTER VICourse Code Title CreditsRJSUBT601 Biochemistry 2.5Course objectives: To give an overview of building up reactions, endocrinology and nutritionLearning outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:

● Understand the biosynthetic pathways and regulation of biomolecules likecarbohydrates and lipids.

● Learn the various functioning of endocrine gland secretions with their associateddisorders.

● Understand the functioning of vitamins and minerals in the body and gain an insight inthe concept of nutrition.

Unit Topics LecturesUNIT ICarbohydratemetabolism

Biosynthesis and its regulation of Peptidoglycan in Bacteria;Starch and sucrose in Plants; Glycogen in Animals.

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UNIT IILipidMetabolism

Biosynthesis and regulation of fatty acids, triacylglycerol,membrane phospholipids and Cholesterol.

15

UNIT IIIEndocrinology

Mechanism of action of group I and II hormones;Synthesis, storage, release, transport, biochemical functions anddisorders associated with hormones secreted by:Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland,Pancreas, gonads and Placenta.

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UNIT IVNutrition

Dietary sources, bioactive form, functions and disordersassociated with fat soluble and water soluble vitamins;Minerals - physiological and biochemical functions of principaland trace elements;Malnutrition – Over nutrition (obesity) and PEM (Kwashiorkorand Marasmus)

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SEMESTER VICourse Code Title CreditsRJSUBT602 Industrial Microbiology 2.5Course objectives: To acquaint students with the nuances of bioprocess technology.Learning outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:

● Gain insight in the various processes involved in production of commercially availabledairy products.

● Have an indepth understanding of downstream processes.● Understand and gain insight in the various processes involved in production of

commercial products.● Understand the importance of GMP and its relevance in bioprocesses.

Unit Topics LecturesUNIT IMilk and milkproducts

Milk: Normal flora, changes in raw milk; Enumeration; Factorsaffecting bacteriological quality; Preservation methods; StarterCultures; Fermented products – Cheese, Butter; Yogurt andButtermilk (Production process and spoilage)

15

UNIT IIFermentationprocess

Production of Streptomycin, Semi-synthetic Penicillin, Protease;Mushroom, citric acid, Glutamic acid, Lysine, monoclonalantibodies, Biotransformation

15

UNIT IIIDownstreamprocessing

Separation of cells from spent media; Cell disruption- physicaland chemical methods; solvent extraction; Chromatography inDSP, Membrane processes; Drying; Crystallization and Wholebroth processing.

15

UNIT IVQA-QC

Concept of GMP, implementation, Regulatory certification;Quality Control and quality assurance- Concepts, Requirementsfor implementing

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SEMESTER VICourse Code Title CreditsRJSUBT603 Pharmacology and Neurochemistry 2.5Course objectives: To give an insight in the concepts of pharmocology and neurobiologyLearning outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:

● Understand the mechanisms of drug delivery and action in the body.● Get an understanding in the concepts of bioavailability and distribution.● In depth knowledge on toxic substances and poisons● Understand the biochemistry of nerve impulses and brain functioning.

Unit Topics LecturesUNIT IPrinciples ofPharmacology

Mechanism of drug action; drug receptors and biologicalresponses; second-messenger systems; dose–responserelationship: therapeutic index; ED, LD; Potency and IntrinsicActivity.

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UNIT IIDrugAbsorptionandDistribution

Absorption of drugs from the alimentary tract; factors affectingrate of gastrointestinal absorption; absorption of drugs afterparenteral administration, factors influencing drug distribution;binding of drugs to plasma proteins; Physiological barriers todrug distribution

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UNIT IIIToxicology

Introduction of toxicology; Causes Allergy in response to drugs.Effects of prolonged administration. Adverse effects onreproduction; Deliberate and accidental self-poisoning, Principlesof treatment.

Specific poisoning; herbicide and pesticide toxicity;Bioterrorism, Nonmedical use of drugs.

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UNIT IVNeuro-chemistry

Anatomy and functioning of the brain; Propagation of nerveimpulses; Neuronal excitation and inhibition; Synapses and gapjunctions; Action of neurotransmitters.

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SEMESTER VICourse Code Title CreditsRJSUBT604 Environmental Biotechnology 2.5Course objectives: To impart knowledge regarding management of industrial, storm andhazardous waste.Learning outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:

● Get an insight on the different traditional and new sources of renewable energy.● Understand the principles and practices involved in treatment of industrial effluent● Gain an insight in the management and treatment of wastewater.● Understand the disposal of waste from different industries.

Unit Topics LecturesUNIT IIndustrialeffluenttreatment

Biological processes for industrial effluent treatment, aerobicbiological treatment- activated sludge process, CASP, advancedactivated sludge processes (any two) Biological filters, RBC,FBR Anaerobic biological treatment- contact digesters, packedbed reactors, anaerobic baffled digesters, UASB

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UNIT IISolid wastetreatment

Solid waste treatment; pollution indicators & biosensors;biodegradation of xenobiotics- persistent compounds, chemicalproperties influencing biodegradability, microorganisms inbiodegradation; Use of immobilized enzymes or microbial cellsfor treatment -

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UNIT IIIWastewatertreatment

Wastewater treatment- introduction, biological treatment, impactof pollutants on biotreatment, use of packaged organisms andgenetically engineered organisms in waste treatment; Heavymetal pollution – sources, microbial systems for heavy metalaccumulation, techniques used for heavy metal removal

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UNIT IVBiofertilizer’s

andBiopesticides

Introduction to Biofertilizer’s, Types of Biofertilizer’s, Bacteriaand Mycorrhiza as Biofertilizers.Introduction to Biopesticides, Types, Benefits and Applications.

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SEMESTER VICourse code Title Credits

RJSUBTP601(Practicalsbased onRJSUBT601 andRJSUBT602)

1. Estimation of Milk protein by Pynes method2. Microbial analysis of Milk by MBRT and RRT3. Phosphatase test in Milk4. Direct microscopic count of milk sample5. Isolation and enumeration of Normal flora from Raw

Milk and curd6. Detection of Urea as adulterant in Milk7. Determination of blood glucose levels for detection of

diabetes mellitus.8. Estimation vitamin C by DCPIP method from food

samples.

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RJSUBTP602(Practicalsbased onRJSUBT603 andRJSUBT604

1. Evaluation of LD 50 and LC 502. Sterility testing of injectibles.3. Study the effect of heavy metals on the growth of bacteria4. Determination of Total Solids from an effluent sample.5. Study of physico-chemical parameters (pH, color,

turbidity, BOD, COD) of an industrial effluent sample6. Microbial analysis of water by MPN method.7. Encapsulation of yeast and estimation of invertase

activity8. Extraction of biopolymer9. Visit to ETP/ CETP

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SEMESTER VI (AC)Course Code Title CreditsRJSUACMT601 Techniques and Automation in MLT 2Course objectives: The objective of this course is learning and understanding of automationtechniques and utilizing these techniques in diagnosis.Learning outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:

• Gain an understanding of the basic principles used in disease diagnosis.• Gain critical thinking and analytical skills to understand new diagnostic Methods.

Unit Topics LecturesUNIT IDiagnosticmicrobiology

Safety and special precautions in clinical microbiology lab,Legislative and regulatory control, Infectious waste management,Methods of sterilization, Classification of biohazardous agents.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Selection of antimicrobialagents, Disc diffusion test, Dilution antimicrobial susceptibilitytest, E test, commercial systems.

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UNIT IIAutomationand newerapproaches inMLT

Automation: Semiautomated and automated identification systemsfor Enterobacteriaceae, Non fermenters, Mycobacteria,Staphylococci, Anaerobes.Automation in hematology: Automated full blood count impedancecell counters, optical cell counters, automated blood cellmorphology.Automation in clinical biochemistry - Introduction, classificationof automated systems, steps of automation in biochemical analysis.Commonly used automated analyzers of biochemical laboratoriesNewer approaches: use of molecular techniques in diagnosisSignal amplification methods – Nucleic acid probes, in situhybridization; PCR and modifications of PCR; Post amplificationanalysis – DNA sequencing, microarray analysis; Strain typing –Pulse field gel electrophoresis, PCR- RFLP

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UNIT IIIClinicalBiochemistry

Blood sugar level - Glucose tolerance curve and its interpretation.Evaluation methods of blood. Diabetes and its types.Enzymes in diagnosticsThyroid tests : Introduction – determination of T-3, T-4, TSHCancer marker - Introduction, clinical application, enzymes astumor markers ALP, CK, LDH, PAP, prostate specific antigens,hormones, oncofetal antigens, carbohydrates, bladder specific,breast tumor markers.Pregnancy test.

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UNIT IVOrganFunctionTests

Cardiac Profile Test –Ischemic heart diseases and theirmanifestation; Groups in CPT, Lipid profile tests.Gastric function Tests – gastric analysis, tests involvedLiver function tests – Types of jaundice; abnormalities of bilepigment and acid, change in enzyme and plasma proteins and theirdeterminationKidney function test –Groups in KFT; test to determine renal bloodflow; clearance test; Diseases of kidney

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Practicals

SEMESTER VICourse code Title Credits

RJSUACMTP 601 1. Antibiotic sensitivity testing by paper disc2. MIC of antibiotic3. Estimation of SGPT4. Estimation of SGOT5. Estimation of creatinine.6. Estimation of total bilirubin7. Detection of hCG in urine.8. Estimation of blood glucose and tolerance test9. Estimation of serum cholesterol10. Visit to pathology laboratory

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References:1. Kim, S.K. Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology; Springer: Berlin, Germany;

Heidelberg, Germany, 2015.2. Nollet, Leo M. L- Marine microorganisms- extraction and analysis of bioactive

compounds-CRC Press_Taylor& Francis (2017)3. R. S. K. Barnes, R. N. Hughes(auth.)-An Introduction to Marine Ecology, Third

Edition-Wiley-Blackwell (1999)4. Blanca Hernández-Ledesma, Miguel Herrero-Bioactive Compounds from Marine

Foods-Plant and Animal Sources-Wiley-Blackwell (2013)5. Fabio Rindi, Anna Soler-Vila, Michael D. Guiry (auth.), Maria Hayes (eds.)-Marine

Bioactive Compounds_ Sources, Characterization and Applications-Springer US (2012)6. W. Evans-Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy 15th ed.-Saunders (2010) Casida L. E.,

"Industrial Microbiology” 2009 Reprint, New Age International (P) Ltd, Publishers, NewDelhi

7. Stanbury P. F., Whitaker A. & Hall--S. J., 1997, "Principles of Fermentation Technology",2nd Edition, Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.

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