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Two new taxa from Central Anatolia, TurkeyFaik Ahmet Karavelioğullari a , Mecit Vural a & Hüseyin Polat b

a Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkeyb Ibni Sina Hastanesi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, TurkeyPublished online: 14 Mar 2013.

To cite this article: Faik Ahmet Karavelioğullari , Mecit Vural & Hüseyin Polat (2006) Two new taxa from Central Anatolia,Turkey, Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 54:2, 105-111

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/IJPS_54_2_105

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IsraelJournalofPlantSciences Vol.54 2006 pp.105–111

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.E-mail: faikak@gazi.edu.tr

Two new taxa from Central Anatolia, Turkey

Faik ahmet karavelioğullari,a,* mecit vural,a and Hüseyin Polatb

aFen-EdebiyatFakültesi,GaziÜniversitesi,Teknikokullar,06500Ankara,Turkeybİbni Sina Hastanesi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey

(Received4November2003andinrevisedform15April2004)

ABSTRACT

A new species of Verbascum L., V.cicekdagensis Karavel. & Vural sp. nov. (sect. Bothrosperma Murb.), is described from Central Anatolia in Turkey. It is related to V.wiedemannianum Fisch. & C.A. Mey., from which it differs mainly by its leaves, bracts, and anthers. Additionaly, a new subspecies Resedagermanicopolitiana Hub.-Mor. subsp. glabra Karavel. & Vural subsp. nov. is also recognized. Two taxa are confined to Çiçekdağ in Kırşehir. Distribution maps and illustrations of these taxa are given. In addition, the pollen characteristics and seed coat surface of Verbascumcicekdagensis and V.wiedemannianum are examined by SEM.

Keywords: Verbascum, Reseda, pollen, seed surface, Turkey

INTRODUCTION

The genus Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) includes about 360 species (Heywood, 1993). In Turkey it has 233 species in 13 groups, and 126 hybrids (Huber-Morath, 1978; Davis et al., 1988; Ekim, 2000). Partly artificial groups are used in the FloraofTurkey (Davis et al., 1988). All Turkish species of Verbascum belong to sect. Bothrosperma. Groups A, B, and C of the FloraofTurkey belong to subsect. Ebracteolate. The species described here should be placed in group C (Murberck, 1925, 1933; Huber-Morath, 1971).

In Turkey, 188 (80%) of the 236 species are endemic (Davis et al., 1988; Vural and Aydoğdu, 1993; Karavel. et al., 2004). The plants are adapted especially to steppe, open places, roadside, and stony slopes.

Verbascum was previously revised by Huber-Morath (1978) for the Flora of Turkey. Since then, seven spe-cies and eight hybrids have been described from Turkey (Davis et al., 1988; Vural and Aydoğdu, 1993; Karavel.

et al., 2004; Sutory, 2004; Kaynak, 2006; Özhatay, 2006). In this paper, V.cicekdagensis is described as a new species.

The authors collected flowering and fruiting speci-mens of Verbascum from Çiçekdağı, Kırşehir province, in 1994–1995. The specimens could not be included in any known Verbascum species. Studying descriptions of species of Verbascum in Huber-Morath (1978, 1981), Ferguson et al. (1972), Fedchenko (1955), Feinbrun-Do-than (1978), Meikle (1985), Tackholm (1974), and Ekim (2000) in comparison with specimens in the herbaria of Gazi University (GAZI), Hacettepe University (HUB), and Ankara University (ANK) showed that the speci-mens represent a species new to science. The specimens of V.cicekdagensis were examined and compared with specimens of the related species, V.wiedemannianum.

The genus Reseda L. (Resedaceae) includes about 75

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species (Heywood, 1993). It is represented by 15 spe-cies in Turkey, 5 of which are endemic (Coode, 1965). The genus Reseda was previously revised by Coode (1965) for the FloraofTurkey, Vol. 1. Two species have since been described from Turkey (Davis et al., 1988; Özhatay, 2000). In this paper, a subspecies, Resedagermanicopolitiana Hub.-Mor. subsp. glabra, is recog-nized as a new subspecies.

Flowering and fruiting specimens of Reseda were collected from Çiçekdağı, Kırşehir province in the same years. The specimens are close to R.germanicopolitiana but differ from it by their black seeds and completely glabrous, slightly scabrid habit. Also they grow in saline habitat. After checking the relevant literature such as Coode (1965), Yeo (1972), Tackholm (1974), Zohary (1966), Abdallah (1967), Abdalla and DeWit (1978, 1980), and Özhatay (2000), as well as comparison with specimens in the GAZI herbarium, we decided that the taxon is best treated as a new subspecies of Resedagermanicopolitiana, new taxon named as subsp. glabra because of its glabrous habit and its black seeds. No specimens of this taxon have been encountered in ANK and HUB herbaria. The abbreviations of the authors of plant names were checked from Brummitt and Powell (1992).

METHODS

For palynological studies, pollen and seed samples were taken from the specimens at GAZI herbarium. Pollen preparations were made according to the Wodehouse method (Wodehouse, 1935). Pollen of each taxon were measured till a Gaussian curve occured for A, B, A/B, Exine, and Intine, and the mathematical average were calculated according to (M) SPSS 8.0 program. Pollen measurements were done by Prior light microscope (Karim and Oqulah, 1989). Immersion objectives ´ 100 were used for measurement. Lengths and widths of 10 seeds of each taxon were measured with a Euromex micrometer by using a stereomicroscope, and average values of seeds were given. Dry seeds were coated by a Polaron SC 502 gold coater and investigated with a JEOL JSM-840 A scanning electron microscope (Juan et al., 1997, 1999, 2000; Vujicic et al., 1993).

DESCRIPTIONS AND RESULTS

Verbascum cicekdagensis Karavel. & Vural sp. nov. (Figs.1,7)

Sect. Bothrosperma Murb.Affinis V. wiedemannianum Fisch. and Mey., sed an-

therisomnibusreniformibus(non2antherisanticisde-currentibus);calycibus4–6mmlongis(non6–11mm);

interdum bracteis superantibus biflorus (non uniflorus); foliiscauliniscrenatis(nonintegeris);foliisbasalibusovatis,elipticis lanceolatis(noneliptic),plantaomnioeglandulosa(nonglandulosa)differt.

Biennial, 60–95 cm, with dense indumentum of stel-late hairs. Stem solitary, erect, terete, simple or branched above. Basal leaves ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 5–18 ´ 3–4.5 cm, crenate, acute, with densely stellate hairs on both surfaces, gradually attenuate into 2–7 cm petiole. Cauline leaves smaller, lanceolate, crenate, acuminate. Inflorescence lax paniculate, branches of panicles to 45–70 cm and erect-ascending, densely or sparsely stel-late-hairy. Bract with a single flower in its axil, rarely upper bract with two flowers, linear or linear-lanceolate, entire, acute or acuminate, 2–3 ́ 0.5–1 mm, glabrous be-low, stellate above. Bracteoles absent. Pedicels densely or sparsely stellate hairs, erect-patent, 2–6 ´ 0.5–1 mm. Calyx 4–6 mm, divided almost to base into linear, acute segments with sparsely stellate hairs. Corolla violet-pur-ple, rotate, 20–35 mm diam., tube 1 mm, lobes unequal, orbicular, without pellucid glands, simple and branched hairs outside. Stamens 5, filaments with purplish wool, 2

Fig. 1. Verbascumcicekdagensis Karavel. & Vural. A. habit, B. corolla.

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anterior filaments glabrous near apex. Anthers reniform, 3–3.5 mm, medifixed, not decurrert. Ovary elliptic, stel-late-hairy. Style filiform, 12 mm, stellate hairs at base; stigma spathulate, 0.5–3 mm, glabrous. Capsule oblong, 6–8 ´ 3–4 mm, densely or sparsely stellate-tomentose, soon glabrescent.

Fl. 5–6, Fr. 6–7. Steppe and calcareous stony slopes, roadsides, 900–950 m.

TYPE: Turkey. B5 Kırşehir: Çiçekdağı, between Küçükteflek-Sekili, 900 m, 18.v.1995, roadside, F.A.Karavelioğulları 2365 and H.Polat (holo. GAZI, iso. ANK).

Additional specimens (Paratypes): B5 Çiçekdağı, between Küçükteflek-Sekili, 900 m, 18.v.1994, calca-rous stony slopes, roadside, F.A.Karavelioğulları 2103 and H.Polat; Çiçekdağı, between Ömeruşağı-Kalevci, 900–950 m, 19.v.1995, calcareous stony slopes, road-side, H.Polat 1994 and F.A.Karavelioğulları.

Endemic to Çiçekdağı in Kırşehir. Irano-Turanian element.

Verbascum cicekdagensis is allied to V. wiedeman-nianum, which is known from Central and East Anatolia in Turkey. V. cicekdagensis differs from V. wiedeman-nianum by all its anthers being reniform (not two anterior anthers decurrent); calyx 4–6 mm (not 6–11 mm), rarely upper bracts with two flowers (not all bracts with a single

flower); cauline leaves crenate (not entire); basal leaves ovate to elliptic-lanceolate (not oblong to elliptic); all plants covered with uniform branched hairs (not show-ing different configurations as in V. wiedemannianum) (Table 1).

Voucher specimens examined of V. wiedeman-nianum from different localities are cited below: Turkey. B5 Yozgat: Karanlıkdere, Hüyük tepesi, 1030 m, 17.v.2002, step, Ü.B 529, B8 Erzurum: Er-zurum-Tercan 12 km, 1450 m, 14.vi.2002, calcareous stony slopes, F.A.Karavelioğulları 3304 and S.Çelik, A5 Amasya: Amasya, Borobay gölü, open forest, 20–25 km, 1500 m, 04.v.1989, T.Ekim 9291, A4 Kırıkale: Delice, İmirli-Çingeyli, 920 m, 03.vi.1990, A.A.Dönmez2378andA.Güner, A5 Amasya: Amasya-Turhal, roadside, 850 m, 29.v.1993, M.Vural 6580 and F.A.Karavelioğulları (GAZI); A4 Ankara: Batıkent, Kent Koop mah., Çayırlık engebeli alanlar, 750–800 m, 3.vi.1993. B.Mutlu102; B5 Yozgat: Sarıkaya-Sorgun 14 km S Sorgun, 1040 m, 26.vi.1987. Max Nydegger 14750 (HUB); A6 Tokat: Artova-Arabacımustafa, cul-tivated places, 1200–1300 m, 1981, R.İlaraslan1338; B5 Kayseri: Bünyan, 17/6/1954, D. 21493; B5 Yozgat: Çekerek, Kavak Beleni, 1250–1300 m, 18.vi.1980, R. İlaraslan1062; B5 Yozgat: Yozgat-Sivas, serpentine, 6.vi.1980, T.Ekim5111 (ANK).

Table 1Diagnostic characters of Verbascumcicekdagensis and V.wiedemannianum

Character Verbascumcicekdagensis VerbascumwiedemannianumAnthers all reniform two anterior anthers decurrentCalyx 4–6 mm 6–11 mmInflorescence rarely upper bracts with two flowers all bracts with a single flower in its axilCauline leaves crenate entireBasal leaves ovate to elliptic-lanceolate oblong to ellipticHairs all plant covered with branched hairs plant long simple or branched eglandular hairs below, shorter eglandular hairs and stalked glands above.

Table 2Pollen characters of V.wiedemannianum and Verbascumcicekdagensis

Characters V.wiedemannianum (Ü.B 529) V.cicekdagensis (FAK2103)Pollen type tricolpatae tricolpataeThe shape of pollen prolate, A/B: 1.07 subprolate, A/B: 1.16Polar axis (A) 19.53 µm 23.90 µmEquatorialis axis (B) 18.19 µm 20.63 µmAperture feature colpus narrow and long, sides evident colpus narrow and long, sides evidentExine thickness (E) 0.87 µm 0.82 µmIntine thickness (I) 0.43 µm 0.43 µmStructure tectate tectateSculpture reticulate reticulate

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Fig. 2. SEM photos of the pollen grain of V.wiedemannianum (A) polar view and (B) detail of pollen grain. Magnification: (A) ´4000, (B) ´12000.

Fig. 3. SEM photos of the pollen grain of V.cicekdagensis (A) polar view and (B) detail of pollen grain. Magnification: (A) ´3300, (B) ´12000.

Verbascum cicekdagensis is endemic to Central Anatolia (Kırşehir province) in Irano-Turanian territory. Recommended threatened category in IUCN categories (2001) should be “Critically Endangered” (CR). It is known only from two localities in Çiçekdağı and oc-cupies less than 100 km2. It grows on calcareous stony slopes, and on roadsides together with Anchusalepto-phylla Roemer and Schultes. subsp. leptophylla, A.pu-silla Guşul., Echiumitalicum L., Verbascum natolicum (Fisch. and Mey.) Hub.-Mor., V. georgicum Bentham, V.caudatum Freyn and Bornm., Viciacracca L. subsp. stenophylla Vel., V. narbonensis L. var. narbonensis, Chenopodiumbotrys L., etc.

V.wiedemannianum is distributed in Central and East Anatolia, in steppe, crop fields, calcareous stony slopes, and fallow field areas; occasionally in pasture at 400–1500 m altitudes (Huber-Morath, 1955, 1960, 1962).

Chromosomes of V. cicekdagensis have not been counted, but the chromosome number of the other spe-cies changes between 2n = 28 to 36. In V.pestallozzae Boiss. belonging to group C, the chromosome number is 2n = 28 (Davis et al., 1988).

During the electromicroscope studies, minor differ-ences of pollen shape, polar axis, equatorial axis, exine, and intine were observed between V.wiedemannianum and V.cicekdagensis (Figs. 2,3, Table 2).

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In electron microscope investigations, seeds of V.wi-edemannianum and V.cicekdagensis showed diversity in size, color, and surface, ornamentation (Table 3).

With regard to morphological characters of seed coat surface, V.wiedemannianum and V.cicekdagensis show

noteworthy differences at the reticulum wall shape, thickness, and seed surface ornamentations (Figs. 4,5).

Reseda germanicopolitiana Hub.-Mor. subsp. gla-bra Karavel. & Vural subsp. nov. (Figs. 6,7).

Affinis subsp. germanicopolitana sed tota planta

Fig. 4. SEM photos of the seed coat of V.wiedemannianum (A) general shape and (B) seed coat surface. Magnification: (A) ´70, (B) ´250.

Fig. 5. SEM photos of the seed coat of V.cicekdagensis (A) general shape and (B) seed coat surface. Magnification: (A) ´110, (B) ´1000.

Table 3Seed characters of V.wiedemannianum and Verbascumcicekdagensis

Characters V.wiedemannianum (FAK3340) V.cicekdagensis (FAK2365)Color light brown brownShape oblong oblongSurface alveolate–reticulate reticulateWidth 0.6 mm 0.3 mmLength 1.1 mm 0.7 mm

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glabra (non scabrous pubescenti), semina atera (nonlutea)differt.

Fl. 6-7, fr. 7–9, in saline places, 850–1200 m.TYPE: Turkey B5 Kırşehir: Çiçekdağı, sekili, Tuz

tepesi, 900–950 m, 06.ix.1994, salt soil, H.Polat1631 & F.A.Karavelioğulları (holo. GAZI, iso. ANK, HUB).

Additional specimens examined (Paratypes): B5 Kırşehir: Çiçekdağı, Küçükteflek-Sekili, 900 m, 18.ix. 1994, salt soil, H.Polat 2003 & F.A.Karavelioğulları, Kırşehir: Çiçekdağı, Küçükteflek, Çorakdere, 900 m, 05.viii.1995, salt soil, F.A.Karavelioğulları 2353 & H.Polat.

Endemic to Central Anatolia. Iran-Turanian element.Subspecies glabra is compared with the specimens

of M.Sağıroğlu 1403, 1404 that belong to type subspe-cies germanicopolitiana in GAZI.

Additional specimens: A4 Çankırı: Ilgaz road, 4. km, Karlıktepe, 800–900 m, 23.vi.1996, M.Sağıroğlu 1403, 1404.

Resedagermanicopolitiana subsp. glabra is endemic to Central Anatolia (Kırşehir province), as well. Recom-mended threatened category in IUCN (2001) should be “Endangered” (EN). It is known only from a few locali-ties in Çiçekdağı and occupies less than 5000 km2.

Resedagermanicopolitiana subsp. glabra grows in saline places together with some halophytes, such as Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad, Atriplex rosae L., Sal-solatragus L., Cacciniamacranhtera (Banks. and Sol.) Brand. var. macranhtera, and Lyciumdepressum Stock, Molucella laevis L.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank Prof. Dr. Hayri Duman and Associate Prof. Dr. Ahmet Duran for checking the Latin diagnosis and for helpful comments on the manuscript.

Fig. 6. Resedagermanicopolitiana Hub.-Mor. subsp. glabraKaravel. & Vural. A. habit, B. corolla.

Fig. 7. Distribution map of Verbascum cicekda-gensis (▲), Verbascumwiedemannianum (◼), Reseda germanicopoli-tiana subsp. glabra (O) and subsp. germanicopo-litiana (Δ) in Turkey.

CorumAmasya

AnkaraKirsehir

ErzincanSivas Erzurum

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by [

Aks

aray

Uni

vers

ity]

at 0

7:45

28

Apr

il 20

14